JP2015089949A - Differential pressure type high pressure water electrolyzer - Google Patents

Differential pressure type high pressure water electrolyzer Download PDF

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JP2015089949A
JP2015089949A JP2013229633A JP2013229633A JP2015089949A JP 2015089949 A JP2015089949 A JP 2015089949A JP 2013229633 A JP2013229633 A JP 2013229633A JP 2013229633 A JP2013229633 A JP 2013229633A JP 2015089949 A JP2015089949 A JP 2015089949A
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sheet member
water
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JP6090790B2 (en
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栄次 針生
Eiji Hario
栄次 針生
中沢　孝治
Koji Nakazawa
孝治 中沢
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To satisfactorily secure water flow distribution properties and pressure resistance, and further, to easily perform working.SOLUTION: Provided is a differential pressure type high pressure water electrolyzer 10, in which an anode feeder 42 includes a sheet member 48 for supporting and a sheet member 50 for water flow distribution. The sheet member 48 for supporting forms a through hole having an opening area larger than that of the through hole 46a of a protective sheet member 46, and supports the protective sheet member 46. The sheet member 50 for water flow distribution forms a through hole having an opening area larger than that of the through hole of the sheet member 48 for supporting and flow-distributes water for electrolysis.

Description

本発明は、水を電気分解し、酸素と前記酸素よりも高圧な水素とを発生させる差圧式高圧水電解装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus that electrolyzes water to generate oxygen and hydrogen having a pressure higher than that of the oxygen.

例えば、燃料電池を発電させるための燃料ガスとして、水素ガスが使用されている。一般的に、水素ガスを製造する際に、水電解装置が採用されている。この水電解装置は、水を電気分解して水素（及び酸素）を発生させるため、固体高分子電解質膜を用いている。固体高分子電解質膜の両面には、電極触媒層が設けられて電解質膜・電極構造体が構成されるとともに、前記電解質膜・電極構造体の両側には、それぞれ給電体を配設してユニットが構成されている。   For example, hydrogen gas is used as a fuel gas for generating power from a fuel cell. Generally, when producing hydrogen gas, a water electrolysis apparatus is employed. This water electrolysis apparatus uses a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in order to electrolyze water and generate hydrogen (and oxygen). An electrode catalyst layer is provided on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane to constitute an electrolyte membrane / electrode structure, and a power feeder is provided on each side of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure. Is configured.

そこで、複数のユニットが積層された状態で、積層方向両端に電圧が付与されるとともに、アノード給電体に水が供給される。このため、電解質膜・電極構造体のアノード側では、水が電気分解されて水素イオン（プロトン）が生成され、この水素イオンが固体高分子電解質膜を透過してカソード側に移動し、カソード給電体で電子と結合して水素が製造される。一方、アノード側では、水素と共に生成された酸素が、余剰の水を伴ってユニットから排出される。   Therefore, in a state where a plurality of units are stacked, a voltage is applied to both ends in the stacking direction, and water is supplied to the anode power feeder. For this reason, on the anode side of the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure, water is electrolyzed to generate hydrogen ions (protons), and the hydrogen ions permeate the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and move to the cathode side. Combined with electrons in the body, hydrogen is produced. On the other hand, on the anode side, oxygen produced together with hydrogen is discharged from the unit with excess water.

この場合、特にアノード給電体は、固体高分子電解質膜との良好な接触状態を維持するとともに、所望量の水を通流させる機能が求められている。そこで、例えば、特許文献１に開示されている給電体の製造方法が知られている。   In this case, in particular, the anode power supply is required to have a function of maintaining a good contact state with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and flowing a desired amount of water. Therefore, for example, a method for manufacturing a power feeder disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.

この特許文献１は、粉状物を焼結して焼結体を作製し、前記焼結体を具備した給電体を得る製造方法に関するものである。この製造方法では、焼結前に粉状物にバインダーを添加して成形体を作製し、前記成形体を焼結することによって焼結体を得ることを特徴としている。   This Patent Document 1 relates to a manufacturing method of sintering a powdery material to produce a sintered body and obtaining a power feeding body provided with the sintered body. This manufacturing method is characterized in that a sintered body is obtained by adding a binder to a powdery material before sintering to produce a molded body and sintering the molded body.

特開２００１−２７９４８１号公報JP 2001-279482 A

ところで、水電解装置では、水の電気分解により酸素と該酸素よりも高圧な水素を製造する差圧式高圧水電解装置が採用されている。その際、上記の焼結体からなる給電体では、電解用の水の流配性を保持しながら、耐圧性を向上させるために緻密性を確保しなければならない。このため、焼結体の加工が相当に困難であるという問題がある。   By the way, the water electrolysis apparatus employs a differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus that produces oxygen and hydrogen having a pressure higher than that of oxygen by electrolysis of water. At that time, in the power supply body made of the above sintered body, it is necessary to ensure the denseness in order to improve the pressure resistance while maintaining the flowability of the water for electrolysis. For this reason, there exists a problem that processing of a sintered compact is quite difficult.

本発明は、この種の問題を解決するものであり、水流配性及び耐圧性を良好に確保するとともに、加工を簡便に行うことが可能な給電体を備える差圧式高圧水電解装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention solves this type of problem, and provides a differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus provided with a power feeding body that can ensure good water flowability and pressure resistance and can be easily processed. For the purpose.

本発明に係る差圧式高圧水電解装置は、一方の面にアノード触媒層が設けられ、他方の面にカソード触媒層が設けられる電解質膜を有している。アノード触媒層には、アノード給電体が積層される一方、カソード触媒層には、カソード給電体が積層されている。そして、アノード給電体には、アノードセパレータが積層されるとともに、カソード給電体には、カソードセパレータが積層されている。電解質膜とアノード給電体との間には、複数個の第１貫通孔が形成される保護シート部材が介装されている。   The differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus according to the present invention has an electrolyte membrane in which an anode catalyst layer is provided on one surface and a cathode catalyst layer is provided on the other surface. An anode power supply is laminated on the anode catalyst layer, while a cathode power supply is laminated on the cathode catalyst layer. An anode separator is stacked on the anode power supply body, and a cathode separator is stacked on the cathode power supply body. A protective sheet member having a plurality of first through holes is interposed between the electrolyte membrane and the anode power feeder.

差圧式高圧水電解装置では、アノード給電体は、支持用シート部材と水流配用シート部材とを備えている。支持用シート部材は、保護シート部材の第１貫通孔よりも大きな開口面積を有する第２貫通孔が形成され、前記保護シート部材を支持する。水流配用シート部材は、支持用シート部材の第２貫通孔よりも大きな開口面積を有する第３貫通孔が形成され、電解用の水を流配している。   In the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus, the anode power feeder includes a support sheet member and a water flow distribution sheet member. The supporting sheet member is formed with a second through hole having an opening area larger than the first through hole of the protective sheet member, and supports the protective sheet member. The water flow sheet member is formed with a third through hole having an opening area larger than the second through hole of the support sheet member, and distributes water for electrolysis.

また、この差圧式高圧水電解装置では、水流配用シート部材は、第３貫通孔として複数本の長孔を設けるとともに、前記長孔と交差する方向に延在し、各長孔を分割させるブリッジ部を有することが好ましい。   Further, in this differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus, the water distribution sheet member is provided with a plurality of long holes as the third through holes and extends in a direction intersecting with the long holes to divide the long holes. It is preferable to have a bridge part.

さらに、この差圧式高圧水電解装置では、水流配用シート部材の外周には、外方に突出して突起部が形成され、前記突起部には、電解用の水が導入されるとともに、第３貫通孔に連通する水導入用開口部が形成されることが好ましい。   Furthermore, in this differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus, a protrusion is formed on the outer periphery of the water distribution sheet member so as to protrude outward, and water for electrolysis is introduced into the protrusion. It is preferable that a water introduction opening communicating with the through hole is formed.

さらにまた、この差圧式高圧水電解装置では、支持用シート部材は、第２貫通孔である第１長孔が形成される第１層と、前記第１長孔よりも開口面積の大きな前記第２貫通孔である第２長孔が形成される第２層と、を有することが好ましい。その際、互いに隣接する第１層の第１長孔と第２層の第２長孔とは、それぞれの長手方向が互いに直交するように配置されることが好ましい。   Furthermore, in the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus, the supporting sheet member includes a first layer in which a first long hole which is a second through hole is formed, and the first layer having a larger opening area than the first long hole. It is preferable to have a second layer in which a second long hole that is two through holes is formed. In that case, it is preferable that the first long hole of the first layer and the second long hole of the second layer which are adjacent to each other are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are orthogonal to each other.

本発明によれば、アノード給電体は、保護シート部材を支持する耐圧機能を有する支持用シート部材と、電解用の水の流配を保持する水流配機能を有する水流配用シート部材とを積層している。このように、アノード給電体は、耐圧機能と水流配機能とに分けた積層構造とすることにより、水流配性及び耐圧性を良好に確保するとともに、加工作業を簡便に行うことが可能になる。   According to the present invention, the anode power feeder is formed by laminating a support sheet member having a pressure resistance function for supporting the protective sheet member and a water flow distribution sheet member having a water flow distribution function for maintaining a flow of water for electrolysis. doing. As described above, the anode power feeder has a laminated structure divided into a pressure resistance function and a water flow distribution function, so that it is possible to ensure good water flow distribution and pressure resistance and to easily perform a processing operation. .

本発明の実施形態に係る差圧式高圧水電解装置の斜視説明図である。It is a perspective explanatory view of a differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus concerning an embodiment of the present invention. 前記差圧式高圧水電解装置を構成する単位セルの分解斜視説明図である。It is a disassembled perspective explanatory drawing of the unit cell which comprises the said differential pressure type high pressure water electrolyzer. 前記単位セルの、図２中、ＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the unit cell taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. 前記単位セルを構成するアノード給電体の支持用第１シート部材の正面説明図である。It is front explanatory drawing of the 1st sheet | seat member for support of the anode electric power feeding body which comprises the said unit cell. 前記単位セルを構成するアノード給電体の支持用第２シート部材の正面説明図である。It is front explanatory drawing of the 2nd sheet | seat member for support of the anode electric power feeding body which comprises the said unit cell. 前記単位セルを構成するアノード給電体の水流配用シート部材の正面説明図である。It is front explanatory drawing of the water flow distribution sheet | seat member of the anode electric power feeding body which comprises the said unit cell.

図１に示すように、本発明の実施形態に係る差圧式高圧水電解装置１０は、複数の単位セル１２が鉛直方向（矢印Ａ方向）又は水平方向（矢印Ｂ方向）に積層された積層体１４を備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, a differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a stacked body in which a plurality of unit cells 12 are stacked in a vertical direction (arrow A direction) or a horizontal direction (arrow B direction). 14.

積層体１４の積層方向一端（上端）には、ターミナルプレート１６ａ、絶縁プレート１８ａ及びエンドプレート２０ａが上方に向かって、順次、配設される。積層体１４の積層方向他端（下端）には、同様にターミナルプレート１６ｂ、絶縁プレート１８ｂ及びエンドプレート２０ｂが下方に向かって、順次、配設される。   At one end (upper end) in the stacking direction of the stacked body 14, a terminal plate 16a, an insulating plate 18a, and an end plate 20a are sequentially disposed upward. Similarly, a terminal plate 16b, an insulating plate 18b, and an end plate 20b are sequentially disposed on the other end (lower end) in the stacking direction of the stacked body 14 in a downward direction.

差圧式高圧水電解装置１０は、例えば、矢印Ａ方向に延在する４本のタイロッド２２を介して円盤形状のエンドプレート２０ａ、２０ｂ間を一体的に締め付け保持する。なお、差圧式高圧水電解装置１０は、エンドプレート２０ａ、２０ｂを端板として含む箱状ケーシング（図示せず）により一体的に保持される構成を採用してもよい。また、差圧式高圧水電解装置１０は、全体として略円柱体形状を有しているが、立方体形状等の種々の形状に設定可能である。   The differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 integrally clamps and holds the disk-shaped end plates 20a and 20b via four tie rods 22 extending in the direction of arrow A, for example. The differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 may employ a configuration in which the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 is integrally held by a box-shaped casing (not shown) including the end plates 20a and 20b as end plates. Moreover, although the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape as a whole, it can be set in various shapes such as a cubic shape.

ターミナルプレート１６ａ、１６ｂの側部には、端子部２４ａ、２４ｂが外方に突出して設けられる。端子部２４ａ、２４ｂは、配線２６ａ、２６ｂを介して電解電源２８に電気的に接続される。   Terminal portions 24a and 24b are provided on the side portions of the terminal plates 16a and 16b so as to protrude outward. The terminal portions 24a and 24b are electrically connected to the electrolytic power source 28 via the wirings 26a and 26b.

図２及び図３に示すように、単位セル１２は、略円盤状の電解質膜・電極構造体３２と、前記電解質膜・電極構造体３２を挟持するアノードセパレータ３４及びカソードセパレータ３６とを備える。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the unit cell 12 includes a substantially disc-shaped electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 32, and an anode separator 34 and a cathode separator 36 that sandwich the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 32.

図２に示すように、単位セル１２の外周縁部には、セパレータ面方向外方に向かって互いに反対方向に突出する第１突出部３７ａ及び第２突出部３７ｂが形成される。第１突出部３７ａには、積層方向（矢印Ａ方向）に互いに連通して、水（純水）を供給するための水供給連通孔３８ａが設けられる。第２突出部３７ｂには、積層方向に互いに連通して、反応により生成された酸素及び未反応の水（混合流体）を排出するための水排出連通孔３８ｂが設けられる。   As shown in FIG. 2, a first projecting portion 37 a and a second projecting portion 37 b are formed on the outer peripheral edge of the unit cell 12 so as to project in the opposite directions toward the outer side in the separator surface direction. The first protrusion 37a is provided with a water supply communication hole 38a that communicates with each other in the stacking direction (the direction of arrow A) to supply water (pure water). The second projecting portion 37b is provided with a water discharge communication hole 38b that communicates with each other in the stacking direction and discharges oxygen generated by the reaction and unreacted water (mixed fluid).

単位セル１２の中央部には、電解領域の略中央を貫通して積層方向に互いに連通して、反応により生成された高圧（例えば、１ＭＰａ〜７０ＭＰａ）の水素を排出するための水素排出連通孔３８ｃが設けられる（図２及び図３参照）。なお、水素排出連通孔３８ｃは、単位セル１２の中央部に限定されるものではなく、端部位置に設けてもよい。   A hydrogen discharge communication hole for discharging high-pressure (for example, 1 MPa to 70 MPa) hydrogen generated by the reaction in the central portion of the unit cell 12 through the substantial center of the electrolysis region and communicating with each other in the stacking direction. 38c is provided (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c is not limited to the central portion of the unit cell 12, and may be provided at the end position.

アノードセパレータ３４及びカソードセパレータ３６は、略円盤状を有するとともに、例えば、カーボン部材等で構成される。アノードセパレータ３４及びカソードセパレータ３６は、その他、鋼板、ステンレス鋼板、チタン板、アルミニウム板、めっき処理鋼板、あるいはその金属表面に防食用の表面処理を施した金属板をプレス成形して、あるいは切削加工した後に防食用の表面処理を施して構成してもよい。   The anode separator 34 and the cathode separator 36 have a substantially disc shape and are made of, for example, a carbon member. In addition, the anode separator 34 and the cathode separator 36 are formed by pressing or cutting a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, a titanium plate, an aluminum plate, a plated steel plate, or a metal plate whose surface has been subjected to anticorrosion treatment. After that, a surface treatment for anticorrosion may be applied.

電解質膜・電極構造体３２は、略リング形状を有する固体高分子電解質膜（電解質膜）４０を備える。固体高分子電解質膜４０は、リング形状を有する電解用のアノード給電体４２及びカソード給電体４４に挟持される。固体高分子電解質膜４０とアノード給電体４２との間には、リング形状を有する保護シート部材４６が介装される。固体高分子電解質膜４０は、例えば、炭化水素（ＨＣ）系の膜又はフッ素系の膜により構成される。   The electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 32 includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (electrolyte membrane) 40 having a substantially ring shape. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 is sandwiched between an anode power supply 42 and a cathode power supply 44 for electrolysis having a ring shape. A protective sheet member 46 having a ring shape is interposed between the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 and the anode power supply body 42. The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 is composed of, for example, a hydrocarbon (HC) film or a fluorine film.

固体高分子電解質膜４０は、略中央部に水素排出連通孔３８ｃが形成される。固体高分子電解質膜４０の一方の面には、リング形状を有するアノード電極触媒層（アノード触媒層）４２ａが設けられる。固体高分子電解質膜４０の他方の面には、リング形状を有するカソード電極触媒層（カソード触媒層）４４ａが形成される。アノード電極触媒層４２ａは、例えば、Ｒｕ（ルテニウム）系触媒を使用するとともに、カソード電極触媒層４４ａは、例えば、白金触媒を使用する。   The solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 is formed with a hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c at a substantially central portion. On one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40, an anode electrode catalyst layer (anode catalyst layer) 42a having a ring shape is provided. A cathode electrode catalyst layer (cathode catalyst layer) 44 a having a ring shape is formed on the other surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40. The anode electrode catalyst layer 42a uses, for example, a Ru (ruthenium) -based catalyst, and the cathode electrode catalyst layer 44a uses, for example, a platinum catalyst.

保護シート部材４６の内径寸法は、アノード給電体４２及びカソード給電体４４の内径寸法と同等（又は同等未満）に設定される。保護シート部材４６の外径寸法は、アノード給電体４２及びカソード給電体４４の外径寸法と同等（又は同等以上）に設定される。保護シート部材４６は、例えば、チタンシートで構成され、前記保護シート部材４６には、複数の貫通孔（第１貫通孔）４６ａが機械加工により形成される。   The inner diameter dimension of the protective sheet member 46 is set to be equal to (or less than) the inner diameter dimension of the anode power supply body 42 and the cathode power supply body 44. The outer diameter dimension of the protective sheet member 46 is set to be equal to (or greater than or equal to) the outer diameter dimension of the anode power supply body 42 and the cathode power supply body 44. The protective sheet member 46 is made of, for example, a titanium sheet, and a plurality of through holes (first through holes) 46a are formed in the protective sheet member 46 by machining.

アノード給電体４２は、支持用シート部材４８と水流配用シート部材５０とを備える。支持用シート部材４８は、少なくとも１層で構成され、本実施形態では、支持用第１シート部材（第１層）４８ａと支持用第２シート部材（第２層）４８ｂとの２層で構成される。   The anode power supply body 42 includes a support sheet member 48 and a water flow distribution sheet member 50. The supporting sheet member 48 includes at least one layer. In the present embodiment, the supporting sheet member 48 includes two layers including a supporting first sheet member (first layer) 48a and a supporting second sheet member (second layer) 48b. Is done.

支持用第１シート部材４８ａ及び支持用第２シート部材４８ｂは、略リング形状を有する。支持用第１シート部材４８ａは、保護シート部材４６に当接する一方、支持用第２シート部材４８ｂは、水流配用シート部材５０に当接する。   The supporting first sheet member 48a and the supporting second sheet member 48b have a substantially ring shape. The supporting first sheet member 48 a contacts the protective sheet member 46, while the supporting second sheet member 48 b contacts the water flow distribution sheet member 50.

図４に示すように、支持用第１シート部材４８ａには、発電領域（アノード電極触媒層４２ａの塗布範囲）に亘って複数の第１長孔（第２貫通孔）５２ａが機械加工により形成される。第１長孔５２ａは、保護シート部材４６の貫通孔４６ａよりも大きな開口面積を有し、面方向に沿って、例えば、矢印Ｂ方向に長手方向が延在する。各第１長孔５２ａは、矢印Ｂ方向に交差する矢印Ｃ方向に沿って千鳥状に配列される。   As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of first long holes (second through holes) 52a are formed by machining in the first sheet member 48a for support over the power generation region (application range of the anode electrode catalyst layer 42a). Is done. The first long hole 52a has a larger opening area than the through hole 46a of the protective sheet member 46, and the longitudinal direction extends in the direction of the arrow B along the surface direction, for example. The first long holes 52a are arranged in a staggered manner along the direction of the arrow C that intersects the direction of the arrow B.

支持用第２シート部材４８ｂには、図５に示すように、発電領域に亘って複数の第２長孔（第２貫通孔）５２ｂが機械加工により形成される。各第２長孔５２ｂは、各第１長孔５２ａよりも開口面積が大きく設定されるとともに、面方向に沿って、例えば、矢印Ｃ方向に長手方向が延在する。第１長孔５２ａの長手方向と第２長孔５２ｂの長手方向とは、互いに交差（直交）するように配置される。なお、第１長孔５２ａ及び第２長孔５２ｂの開口断面積や開口形状は、耐圧機能及び水流配機能を考慮して設定される。   As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of second long holes (second through holes) 52b are formed in the supporting second sheet member 48b by machining over the power generation region. Each of the second long holes 52b is set to have an opening area larger than that of each of the first long holes 52a, and the longitudinal direction extends in the direction of the arrow C along the surface direction, for example. The longitudinal direction of the 1st long hole 52a and the longitudinal direction of the 2nd long hole 52b are arrange | positioned so that it may mutually cross (orthogonal). In addition, the opening cross-sectional area and opening shape of the 1st long hole 52a and the 2nd long hole 52b are set in consideration of a pressure | voltage resistant function and a water flow distribution function.

図６に示すように、水流配用シート部材５０には、支持用第２シート部材４８ｂの第２長孔５２ｂよりも大きな開口面積を有する複数の長孔（第３貫通孔）５４が機械加工により形成され、電解用の水を流配する。長孔５４は、面方向に沿って、例えば、矢印Ｂ方向に長手方向が延在することにより、第２長孔５２ｂの長手方向と交差する方向に延在する。   As shown in FIG. 6, the water flow sheet member 50 is machined with a plurality of long holes (third through holes) 54 having an opening area larger than the second long holes 52b of the supporting second sheet member 48b. The water for electrolysis is distributed. The long hole 54 extends in the direction intersecting with the longitudinal direction of the second long hole 52b by extending the longitudinal direction in the plane direction, for example, in the direction of the arrow B.

各長孔５４は、互いに平行して水流配用シート部材５０の直径方向及び該直径方向に平行する方向に延在し、両端部が円弧状の入口開口部５６ａ及び出口開口部５６ｂに連通する。水流配用シート部材５０の外周部には、入口開口部５６ａ及び出口開口部５６ｂの中間部に対応して外方に突出する突起部５０ａ、５０ｂが形成される。突起部５０ａには、電解用の水が導入される水導入用開口部５８ａが形成され、突起部５０ｂには、未反応の前記水及び生成された酸素が排出される水導出用開口部５８ｂが形成される。水導入用開口部５８ａは、入口開口部５６ａに連通する一方、水導出用開口部５８ｂは、出口開口部５６ｂに連通する。突起部５０ａ、５０ｂは、それぞれ複数個ずつ設けることが好ましい。   The long holes 54 extend in parallel to each other in the diameter direction of the water flow distribution sheet member 50 and in the direction parallel to the diameter direction, and both ends communicate with the arc-shaped inlet opening 56a and the outlet opening 56b. . On the outer periphery of the water flow distribution sheet member 50, projections 50a and 50b projecting outward are formed corresponding to intermediate portions of the inlet opening 56a and the outlet opening 56b. The protrusion 50a is formed with a water introduction opening 58a through which water for electrolysis is introduced, and the protrusion 50b is provided with a water outlet opening 58b through which unreacted water and generated oxygen are discharged. Is formed. The water introduction opening 58a communicates with the inlet opening 56a, while the water outlet opening 58b communicates with the outlet opening 56b. It is preferable to provide a plurality of protrusions 50a and 50b.

水流配用シート部材５０には、長孔５４と交差する方向に延在し、各長孔５４を分割させる直線状のブリッジ部６０ａが設けられる。ブリッジ部６０ａの両側には、各長孔５４を分割させる円弧状の一対のブリッジ部６０ｂが設けられる。   The water distribution sheet member 50 is provided with a linear bridge portion 60 a that extends in a direction intersecting with the long holes 54 and divides the long holes 54. On both sides of the bridge portion 60a, a pair of arc-shaped bridge portions 60b that divide the long holes 54 are provided.

図３に示すように、カソード給電体４４は、例えば、球状アトマイズチタン粉末の焼結体（多孔質導電体）により構成される。カソード給電体４４は、研削加工後にエッチング処理される平滑表面部を設けるとともに、空隙率が１０％〜５０％、より好ましくは、２０％〜４０％の範囲内に設定される。   As shown in FIG. 3, the cathode power supply body 44 is configured by, for example, a sintered body (porous conductor) of spherical atomized titanium powder. The cathode power supply body 44 is provided with a smooth surface portion to be etched after grinding, and the porosity is set within a range of 10% to 50%, more preferably 20% to 40%.

図２及び図３に示すように、アノードセパレータ３４には、水供給連通孔３８ａに連通する供給通路６２ａと、水排出連通孔３８ｂに連通する排出通路６２ｂとが設けられる。アノードセパレータ３４の電解質膜・電極構造体３２に向かう面３４ａには、アノード給電体４２が配置されるリング状のアノード室６４が設けられる。アノード室６４は、供給通路６２ａ及び排出通路６２ｂに連通する。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the anode separator 34 is provided with a supply passage 62a communicating with the water supply communication hole 38a and a discharge passage 62b communicating with the water discharge communication hole 38b. On the surface 34a of the anode separator 34 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 32, a ring-shaped anode chamber 64 in which the anode power feeder 42 is disposed is provided. The anode chamber 64 communicates with the supply passage 62a and the discharge passage 62b.

アノードセパレータ３４の第１突出部３７ａには、水供給連通孔３８ａを周回して第１シール溝６６ａが形成される。アノードセパレータ３４の第２突出部３７ｂには、水排出連通孔３８ｂを周回して第２シール溝６６ｂが形成される。第１シール溝６６ａには、第１シール部材６８ａが配置される一方、第２シール溝６６ｂには、第２シール部材６８ｂが配置される。面３４ａには、アノード室６４の内側を周回して第３シール溝６６ｃが形成され、前記第３シール溝６６ｃには、第３シール部材６８ｃが配置される。   A first seal groove 66a is formed in the first protrusion 37a of the anode separator 34 around the water supply communication hole 38a. A second seal groove 66b is formed in the second protrusion 37b of the anode separator 34 around the water discharge communication hole 38b. The first seal member 68a is disposed in the first seal groove 66a, while the second seal member 68b is disposed in the second seal groove 66b. A third seal groove 66c is formed on the surface 34a so as to circulate inside the anode chamber 64, and a third seal member 68c is disposed in the third seal groove 66c.

カソードセパレータ３６の電解質膜・電極構造体３２に向かう面３６ａには、カソード給電体４４が配置されるリング状のカソード室７０が形成される。カソード室７０は、水素排出通路６２ｃを介して水素排出連通孔３８ｃに連通する。   On the surface 36 a of the cathode separator 36 facing the electrolyte membrane / electrode structure 32, a ring-shaped cathode chamber 70 in which the cathode power feeder 44 is disposed is formed. The cathode chamber 70 communicates with the hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c through the hydrogen discharge passage 62c.

カソードセパレータ３６の第１突出部３７ａには、水供給連通孔３８ａを周回して第４シール溝６６ｄが形成される。カソードセパレータ３６の第２突出部３７ｂには、水排出連通孔３８ｂを周回して第５シール溝６６ｅが形成される。第４シール溝６６ｄには、第４シール部材６８ｄが配置される一方、第５シール溝６６ｅには、第５シール部材６８ｅが配置される。   A fourth seal groove 66d is formed in the first protrusion 37a of the cathode separator 36 around the water supply communication hole 38a. A fifth seal groove 66e is formed in the second projecting portion 37b of the cathode separator 36 around the water discharge communication hole 38b. A fourth seal member 68d is disposed in the fourth seal groove 66d, while a fifth seal member 68e is disposed in the fifth seal groove 66e.

カソードセパレータ３６の面３６ａには、カソード室７０を囲繞して第６シール溝６６ｆ形成される。この第６シール溝６６ｆには、第６シール部材６８ｆが配設される。   A sixth seal groove 66 f is formed on the surface 36 a of the cathode separator 36 so as to surround the cathode chamber 70. A sixth seal member 68f is disposed in the sixth seal groove 66f.

第１シール部材６８ａ〜第６シール部材６８ｆには、例えば、ＥＰＤＭ、ＮＢＲ、フッ素ゴム、シリコーンゴム、フロロシリコーンゴム、ブチルゴム、天然ゴム、スチレンゴム、クロロプレーン又はアクリルゴム等のシール材、クッション材、あるいはパッキン材等の弾性を有するシール部材が用いられる。   For the first seal member 68a to the sixth seal member 68f, for example, EPDM, NBR, fluororubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, styrene rubber, chloroprene or acrylic rubber or the like, cushion material Alternatively, an elastic seal member such as a packing material is used.

図１に示すように、エンドプレート２０ａには、水供給連通孔３８ａ、水排出連通孔３８ｂ及び水素排出連通孔３８ｃに連通する配管７２ａ、７２ｂ及び７２ｃが接続される。配管７２ｃには、図示しないが、背圧弁（又は電磁弁）が設けられており、水素排出連通孔３８ｃに生成される水素の圧力を高圧に維持することができる。   As shown in FIG. 1, pipes 72a, 72b and 72c communicating with the water supply communication hole 38a, the water discharge communication hole 38b and the hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c are connected to the end plate 20a. Although not shown, the pipe 72c is provided with a back pressure valve (or electromagnetic valve), and the pressure of hydrogen generated in the hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c can be maintained at a high pressure.

このように構成される差圧式高圧水電解装置１０の動作について、以下に説明する。   The operation of the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 configured as described above will be described below.

図１に示すように、配管７２ａから差圧式高圧水電解装置１０の水供給連通孔３８ａに水が供給される。一方、ターミナルプレート１６ａ、１６ｂの端子部２４ａ、２４ｂには、電気的に接続されている電解電源２８を介して電圧が付与される。   As shown in FIG. 1, water is supplied from the pipe 72a to the water supply communication hole 38a of the differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10. On the other hand, a voltage is applied to the terminal portions 24a and 24b of the terminal plates 16a and 16b via an electrolytic power supply 28 that is electrically connected.

このため、図２、図３及び図６に示すように、各単位セル１２では、水供給連通孔３８ａからアノード給電体４２を構成する水流配用シート部材５０の水導入用開口部５８ａを通って入口開口部５６ａに導入される。さらに、水は、複数本の長孔５４に沿って矢印Ｂ方向に流通するとともに、ブリッジ部６０ｂ、６０ａを介して支持用第２シート部材４８ｂの第２長孔５２ｂに供給される。第２長孔５２ｂは、第１長孔５２ａに連通しており、水は、前記第１長孔５２ａから保護シート部材４６の貫通孔４６ａを通ってアノード電極触媒層４２ａに供給される。   Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 6, in each unit cell 12, the water supply communication hole 38 a passes through the water introduction opening 58 a of the water flow distribution sheet member 50 constituting the anode feeder 42. Are introduced into the inlet opening 56a. Further, the water flows along the plurality of long holes 54 in the direction of arrow B, and is supplied to the second long holes 52b of the supporting second sheet member 48b via the bridge portions 60b and 60a. The second long hole 52b communicates with the first long hole 52a, and water is supplied from the first long hole 52a to the anode electrode catalyst layer 42a through the through hole 46a of the protective sheet member 46.

従って、水は、アノード電極触媒層４２ａで電気により分解され、水素イオン、電子及び酸素が生成される。この陽極反応により生成された水素イオンは、固体高分子電解質膜４０を透過してカソード電極触媒層４４ａ側に移動し、電子と結合して水素が得られる。   Accordingly, water is decomposed by electricity in the anode electrode catalyst layer 42a, and hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen are generated. Hydrogen ions generated by this anodic reaction permeate the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 and move to the cathode electrode catalyst layer 44a side, and combine with electrons to obtain hydrogen.

このため、カソード給電体４４の内部の水素流路に沿って水素が流動し、前記水素は、水供給連通孔３８ａよりも高圧に維持された状態で、水素排出連通孔３８ｃを流れて差圧式高圧水電解装置１０の外部に取り出し可能となる。一方、反応により生成した酸素と未反応の水とは、水排出連通孔３８ｂに沿って差圧式高圧水電解装置１０の外部に排出される。   For this reason, hydrogen flows along the hydrogen flow path inside the cathode power supply body 44, and the hydrogen flows through the hydrogen discharge communication hole 38c while being maintained at a pressure higher than that of the water supply communication hole 38a. It can be taken out of the high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10. On the other hand, oxygen generated by the reaction and unreacted water are discharged to the outside of the differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus 10 along the water discharge communication hole 38b.

この場合、本実施形態では、アノード給電体４２は、支持用シート部材４８と水流配用シート部材５０とを備えている。支持用シート部材４８は、少なくとも１層、本実施形態では、支持用第１シート部材４８ａと支持用第２シート部材４８ｂとの２層で構成されている。   In this case, in the present embodiment, the anode power feeding body 42 includes a support sheet member 48 and a water flow distribution sheet member 50. The supporting sheet member 48 is composed of at least one layer, in this embodiment, two layers of a supporting first sheet member 48a and a supporting second sheet member 48b.

すなわち、アノード給電体４２は、保護シート部材４６を支持する耐圧機能を有する支持用第１シート部材４８ａ及び支持用第２シート部材４８ｂと、水流配を保持する水流配機能を有する水流配用シート部材５０とを積層している。このように、アノード給電体４２は、耐圧機能と水流配機能とに分けた積層構造とすることにより、水流配性及び耐圧性を良好に確保するとともに、加工作業を簡便に行うことが可能になるという効果が得られる。   That is, the anode power supply 42 includes a first sheet member 48a and a second sheet member 48b for supporting, which have a pressure resistance function for supporting the protective sheet member 46, and a water distribution sheet having a water distribution function for maintaining a water distribution. The member 50 is laminated. Thus, the anode feeder 42 has a laminated structure that is divided into a pressure resistance function and a water flow distribution function, thereby ensuring good water flow distribution and pressure resistance and making it possible to easily perform processing operations. The effect of becoming is obtained.

さらに、支持用第１シート部材４８ａには、複数の第１長孔５２ａが設けられる一方、支持用第２シート部材４８ｂには、各第１長孔５２ａよりも開口面積が大きく設定される複数の第２長孔５２ｂが設けられている。そして、第１長孔５２ａの長手方向と第２長孔５２ｂの長手方向とは、互いに交差する方向に延在している。   Further, the first supporting sheet member 48a is provided with a plurality of first long holes 52a, while the supporting second sheet member 48b has a plurality of opening areas set larger than the first long holes 52a. The second long hole 52b is provided. And the longitudinal direction of the 1st long hole 52a and the longitudinal direction of the 2nd long hole 52b are extended in the direction which mutually cross | intersects.

従って、支持用第１シート部材４８ａと支持用第２シート部材４８ｂとは、互いに積層されることにより、第１長孔５２ａと第２長孔５２ｂとが交差している。これにより、固体高分子電解質膜４０から保護シート部材４６に作用する水素圧力を確実に保持することができる。   Therefore, the first long hole 52a and the second long hole 52b intersect each other by stacking the first supporting sheet member 48a and the second supporting sheet member 48b. Thereby, the hydrogen pressure which acts on the protection sheet member 46 from the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 40 can be reliably maintained.

さらにまた、図６に示すように、水流配用シート部材５０は、支持用第２シート部材４８ｂの第２長孔５２ｂよりも大きな開口面積を有する複数の長孔５４を有している。このため、長孔５４に沿って電解用の水を所望の水量で確実に流通させることが可能になる。   Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the water flow distribution sheet member 50 has a plurality of long holes 54 having an opening area larger than the second long holes 52b of the supporting second sheet member 48b. For this reason, it becomes possible to distribute | circulate the water for electrolysis along the long hole 54 reliably by the desired amount of water.

しかも、各長孔５４を分割させてブリッジ部６０ａ、６０ｂが設けられている。従って、図３に示すように、長孔５４を流通する水は、ブリッジ部６０ａ、６０ｂに衝突して支持用第２シート部材４８ｂの第２長孔５２ｂに円滑に供給されている。これにより、水は、長孔５４から第２長孔５２ｂ及び第１長孔５２ａを通って保護シート部材４６に供給され、アノード電極触媒層４２ａで確実且つ良好に電気分解されるという利点がある。   In addition, the bridge portions 60a and 60b are provided by dividing the long holes 54. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the water flowing through the long hole 54 collides with the bridge portions 60a and 60b, and is smoothly supplied to the second long hole 52b of the supporting second sheet member 48b. Accordingly, water is supplied from the long hole 54 to the protective sheet member 46 through the second long hole 52b and the first long hole 52a, and has an advantage that the anode electrode catalyst layer 42a is electrolyzed reliably and satisfactorily. .

１０…差圧式高圧水電解装置 １２…単位セル
１４…積層体 １６ａ、１６ｂ…ターミナルプレート
１８ａ、１８ａ…絶縁プレート ２０ａ、２０ｂ…エンドプレート
２４ａ、２４ｂ…端子部 ２８…電解電源
３２…電解質膜・電極構造体 ３４…アノードセパレータ
３６…カソードセパレータ ３７ａ、３７ｂ…突出部
３８ａ…水供給連通孔 ３８ｂ…水排出連通孔
３８ｃ…水素排出連通孔 ４０…固体高分子電解質膜
４２…アノード給電体 ４２ａ…アノード電極触媒層
４４…カソード給電体 ４４ａ…カソード電極触媒層
４６…保護シート部材 ４８…支持用シート部材
４８ａ…支持用第１シート部材 ４８ｂ…支持用第２シート部材
５０…水流配用シート部材 ５０ａ、５０ｂ…突起部
５２ａ、５２ｂ、５４…長孔 ５８ａ…水導入用開口部
５８ｂ…水導出用開口部 ６０ａ、６０ｂ…ブリッジ部
６４…アノード室 ７０…カソード室 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Differential pressure type high voltage | pressure water electrolysis apparatus 12 ... Unit cell 14 ... Laminated body 16a, 16b ... Terminal plate 18a, 18a ... Insulation plate 20a, 20b ... End plate 24a, 24b ... Terminal part 28 ... Electrolytic power supply 32 ... Electrolyte membrane * electrode Structure 34... Anode separator 36... Cathode separators 37 a and 37 b... Projecting portion 38 a... Water supply communication hole 38 b. Catalyst layer 44 ... Cathode feeder 44a ... Cathode electrode catalyst layer 46 ... Protective sheet member 48 ... Supporting sheet member 48a ... Supporting first sheet member 48b ... Supporting second sheet member 50 ... Water flow distribution sheet member 50a, 50b ... protrusions 52a, 52b, 54 ... long holes 58a ... water introduction openings 58b ... water Out openings 60a, 60b ... bridge portion 64 ... anode chamber 70 ... cathode chamber

Claims (4)

一方の面にアノード触媒層が設けられ、他方の面にカソード触媒層が設けられる電解質膜と、
前記アノード触媒層に積層されるアノード給電体及び前記カソード触媒層に積層されるカソード給電体と、
前記アノード給電体に積層されるアノードセパレータ及び前記カソード給電体に積層されるカソードセパレータと、
前記電解質膜と前記アノード給電体との間に介装され、複数個の第１貫通孔が形成される保護シート部材と、
を備え、水の電気分解によりアノード側に酸素、及びカソード側に該酸素よりも高圧な水素が生成される差圧式高圧水電解装置であって、
前記アノード給電体は、前記保護シート部材の前記第１貫通孔よりも大きな開口面積を有する第２貫通孔が形成され、前記保護シート部材を支持する支持用シート部材と、
前記支持用シート部材の前記第２貫通孔よりも大きな開口面積を有する第３貫通孔が形成され、電解用の前記水を流配する水流配用シート部材と、
を備えることを特徴とする差圧式高圧水電解装置。 An electrolyte membrane provided with an anode catalyst layer on one side and a cathode catalyst layer on the other side;
An anode power feeder laminated on the anode catalyst layer and a cathode power feeder laminated on the cathode catalyst layer;
An anode separator laminated on the anode feeder and a cathode separator laminated on the cathode feeder;
A protective sheet member interposed between the electrolyte membrane and the anode power supply body, wherein a plurality of first through holes are formed;
A differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus in which oxygen is produced on the anode side by hydrogen electrolysis and hydrogen higher in pressure than the oxygen is produced on the cathode side,
The anode power supply body is formed with a second through hole having an opening area larger than the first through hole of the protective sheet member, and a supporting sheet member that supports the protective sheet member;
A third through hole having an opening area larger than the second through hole of the supporting sheet member, and a water distribution sheet member for distributing the water for electrolysis;
A differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus comprising: 請求項１記載の差圧式高圧水電解装置において、前記水流配用シート部材は、前記第３貫通孔として複数本の長孔を設けるとともに、
前記長孔と交差する方向に延在し、各長孔を分割させるブリッジ部を有することを特徴とする差圧式高圧水電解装置。 The differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the water flow sheet member is provided with a plurality of elongated holes as the third through holes,
A differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus having a bridge portion extending in a direction intersecting with the long holes and dividing each long hole. 請求項１又は２記載の差圧式高圧水電解装置において、前記水流配用シート部材の外周には、外方に突出して突起部が形成され、
前記突起部には、電解用の前記水が導入されるとともに、前記第３貫通孔に連通する水導入用開口部が形成されることを特徴とする差圧式高圧水電解装置。 The differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a protrusion is formed on the outer periphery of the water flow sheet member so as to protrude outward.
The differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus is characterized in that the water for electrolysis is introduced into the protrusion, and an opening for water introduction communicating with the third through hole is formed. 請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載の差圧式高圧水電解装置において、前記支持用シート部材は、前記第２貫通孔である第１長孔が形成される第１層と、
前記第１長孔よりも開口面積の大きな前記第２貫通孔である第２長孔が形成される第２層と、
を有し、互いに隣接する前記第１層の前記第１長孔と前記第２層の前記第２長孔とは、それぞれの長手方向が互いに直交するように配置されることを特徴とする差圧式高圧水電解装置。 The differential pressure type high-pressure water electrolysis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the supporting sheet member includes a first layer in which a first long hole that is the second through hole is formed;
A second layer in which a second long hole, which is the second through hole having a larger opening area than the first long hole, is formed;
The first long hole of the first layer and the second long hole of the second layer adjacent to each other are arranged so that their longitudinal directions are orthogonal to each other. Pressure type high pressure water electrolyzer.
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