JP2014180702A - Mems element and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Mems element and method of manufacturing the same Download PDF

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JP2014180702A
JP2014180702A JP2013054857A JP2013054857A JP2014180702A JP 2014180702 A JP2014180702 A JP 2014180702A JP 2013054857 A JP2013054857 A JP 2013054857A JP 2013054857 A JP2013054857 A JP 2013054857A JP 2014180702 A JP2014180702 A JP 2014180702A
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fixed electrode
sacrificial layer
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JP6151541B2 (en
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Takahide Usui
孝英 臼井
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New Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an MEMS element structure that enables a projection for prevention of contact between a fixed electrode and a movable electrode to be stably manufactured by a method of manufacturing a normal semiconductor device, and a method of manufacturing the MEMS element structure.SOLUTION: A step part 16 is formed by etching a sacrifice layer 13 exposed within a through-hole 15 formed in a fixed electrode 14. Subsequently, a nitride film 17 is formed as an insulator film on the whole surface. After the etching removal of the nitride film 17 on the bottom of the central part of the step part, the sacrifice layer 13 is removed to form a projection 21 made of the nitride film and projected into an air gap 20.

Description

本発明は、ＭＥＭＳ素子およびその製造方法に関し、特にマイクロフォン、各種センサ、スイッチ等として用いられる容量型のＭＥＭＳ素子およびその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a MEMS element and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to a capacitive MEMS element used as a microphone, various sensors, switches, and the like and a manufacturing method thereof.

従来、半導体プロセスを用いたＭＥＭＳ(Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)素子では、半導体基板上に固定電極と、この固定電極に中空構造（エアーギャップ）を介して対向するように可動電極とを備えた構造の容量型ＭＥＭＳ素子が広く知られている。このような構造のＭＥＭＳ素子は、犠牲層と呼ばれる中間膜を介して固定電極と可動電極を形成した後、犠牲層をエッチング除去することによって、中空構造を形成している。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) element using a semiconductor process has a structure including a fixed electrode on a semiconductor substrate and a movable electrode so as to face the fixed electrode through a hollow structure (air gap). Capacitive MEMS elements are widely known. The MEMS element having such a structure forms a hollow structure by forming a fixed electrode and a movable electrode through an intermediate film called a sacrificial layer, and then etching away the sacrificial layer.

一般的に、犠牲層を除去する方法は、犠牲層を選択エッチングする溶液を用いたウエットエッチング法か、ガスを用いたドライエッチング法が用いられる。これらの方法の内、安価なＭＥＭＳ素子を形成するためには、製造コストの安いウエットエッチング法を採用するのが好ましい。   Generally, as a method for removing the sacrificial layer, a wet etching method using a solution for selectively etching the sacrificial layer or a dry etching method using a gas is used. Among these methods, in order to form an inexpensive MEMS element, it is preferable to employ a wet etching method having a low manufacturing cost.

しかしウエットエッチング法では、犠牲層のエッチングの際に、固定電極と可動電極が固着してしまうという問題が発生することが知られている。そこでこの問題を解決するため、固定電極と可動電極とが対向する面に、小さな突起を形成する方法が採用されている。図３は、この種の突起を形成する製造方法の説明図である。まず図３（ａ）に示すように、半導体基板１上に犠牲層２を堆積させる。次に、フォトレジスト３を突起を形成する部分を開口するようにパターニングし、フォトレジスト３をエッチングマスクとして使用して犠牲層２の一部をエッチング除去し、段差部４を形成する（図３ｂ）。フォトレジスト３を除去した後、犠牲層２上に可動電極５を形成する。この可動電極は、図３（ｃ）に示すように、先に形成した段差部４内を充填するように形成される。また可動電極５には、複数の貫通穴５ｂが形成されているため、この貫通穴５ｂを通して、犠牲層２をエッチング除去する。   However, it is known that the wet etching method has a problem that the fixed electrode and the movable electrode are fixed when the sacrificial layer is etched. In order to solve this problem, a method of forming a small protrusion on the surface where the fixed electrode and the movable electrode face each other is employed. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a manufacturing method for forming this kind of protrusion. First, as shown in FIG. 3A, a sacrificial layer 2 is deposited on the semiconductor substrate 1. Next, the photoresist 3 is patterned so as to open a portion where a protrusion is to be formed, and a part of the sacrificial layer 2 is removed by etching using the photoresist 3 as an etching mask to form a stepped portion 4 (FIG. 3b). ). After removing the photoresist 3, the movable electrode 5 is formed on the sacrificial layer 2. As shown in FIG. 3C, the movable electrode is formed so as to fill the previously formed stepped portion 4. Since the movable electrode 5 has a plurality of through holes 5b, the sacrificial layer 2 is removed by etching through the through holes 5b.

このように形成することにより、半導体基板１上の犠牲層２からなるスぺーサ部２ａに支持され、半導体基板１とエアーギャップＧを介して、突起部５ａを備えた可動電極を形成することができる。なお図３では、固定電極やバックチャンバーの図示は省略している。このような突起部の形成方法は、例えば特許文献１に開示されている。   By forming in this way, a movable electrode is formed which is supported by the spacer portion 2a made of the sacrificial layer 2 on the semiconductor substrate 1 and has the protruding portion 5a via the semiconductor substrate 1 and the air gap G. Can do. In FIG. 3, illustration of the fixed electrode and the back chamber is omitted. A method for forming such a protrusion is disclosed in Patent Document 1, for example.

特許３５００７８０号公報Japanese Patent No. 3500780

ところで、固定電極と可動電極が固着しないように形成する突起は、仮に両者が触れた場合でも容易に離れるようにするため、その先端面の接触面積を小さくすることが好ましい。このため従来は、露光装置の解像限界を超えたフォトリソグラフィー技術を用い、図３（ｂ）に示すようにフォトレジスト２の開口幅を狭くし、エッチング条件を制御することで、段差部４の形状が開口部の開口幅に比べて底部の開口幅が狭くなるように形成し、先端の尖った突起５ａを形成していた。   By the way, it is preferable to reduce the contact area of the front end surface of the protrusion formed so that the fixed electrode and the movable electrode do not adhere to each other even if they touch each other. For this reason, conventionally, by using a photolithography technique that exceeds the resolution limit of the exposure apparatus, the opening width of the photoresist 2 is narrowed as shown in FIG. Is formed so that the opening width of the bottom portion is narrower than the opening width of the opening portion, and the protrusion 5a having a sharp tip is formed.

しかしながら、このような解像限界を超えたフォトリソグラフィー技術を用いる方法では、フォトレジスト３の開口寸法がばらついたり、その結果段差４の深さがばらついてしまうという問題があった。   However, the method using the photolithographic technique exceeding the resolution limit has a problem that the opening size of the photoresist 3 varies and as a result, the depth of the step 4 varies.

本発明は、上記問題点を解消するため、通常の半導体装置の製造方法によって、突起部を安定して作製することができるＭＥＭＳ素子およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a MEMS element capable of stably producing a protrusion by a normal method for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a method for manufacturing the MEMS element.

上記目的を達成するため、本願請求項１に係る発明は、バックチャンバーを備えた基板と、該基板上にエアーギャップを形成して配置された固定電極と可動電極とを備えたＭＥＭＳ素子において、前記固定電極は、貫通孔を備え、前記固定電極上に、少なくとも前記貫通孔の側壁部から連続して前記エアーギャップ方向に突出した突起部を構成する絶縁膜が積層形成されていることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, an invention according to claim 1 of the present application is a MEMS device including a substrate provided with a back chamber, and a fixed electrode and a movable electrode arranged with an air gap formed on the substrate. The fixed electrode includes a through hole, and an insulating film constituting a protrusion protruding in the air gap direction continuously from at least the side wall of the through hole is laminated on the fixed electrode. And

また本願請求項２に係る発明は、基板上に可動電極膜を形成し、該可動電極膜上に犠牲層を形成し、該犠牲層上に固定電極膜を形成した後、前記犠牲層を除去することにより、前記可動電極膜と前記固定電極膜との間にエアーギャップを形成する工程を含むＭＥＭＳ素子の製造方法において、前記犠牲層上に貫通孔を備えた固定電極膜を形成する工程と、前記貫通孔内に露出する前記犠牲層の一部をエッチングし、段差部を形成する工程と、少なくとも前記固定電極膜および前記段差部を被覆するように絶縁膜を形成する工程と、前記貫通孔の側壁部から連続して前記段差部内に前記絶縁膜が残るように前記段差部の底面部分の前記絶縁膜をエッチング除去する工程と、前記犠牲層をエッチング除去し、前記可動電極膜と前記固定電極膜との間にエアギャップを形成するとともに、前記貫通孔の側壁から前記エアーギャップ方向に突出する前記絶縁膜からなる突起部を形成する工程と、前記基板の一部をエッチング除去してバックチャンバーを形成する工程とを含むことを特徴とする。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, a movable electrode film is formed on a substrate, a sacrificial layer is formed on the movable electrode film, a fixed electrode film is formed on the sacrificial layer, and then the sacrificial layer is removed. Forming a fixed electrode film having a through-hole on the sacrificial layer in a method of manufacturing a MEMS element including a step of forming an air gap between the movable electrode film and the fixed electrode film. Etching a part of the sacrificial layer exposed in the through hole to form a stepped portion, forming an insulating film so as to cover at least the fixed electrode film and the stepped portion, and the through hole Etching and removing the insulating film on the bottom surface of the step portion so that the insulating film remains in the step portion continuously from the side wall portion of the hole; and etching and removing the sacrificial layer; With fixed electrode membrane Forming an air gap and forming a protrusion made of the insulating film protruding from the side wall of the through hole in the air gap direction, and forming a back chamber by etching away a part of the substrate It is characterized by including.

本発明のＭＥＭＳ素子は、エアーギャップ方向に突出する突起部を備えるため、犠牲層をウエットエッチング法により形成した場合であっても、電極の固着を効果的に防止することができる。   Since the MEMS element of the present invention includes a protrusion protruding in the air gap direction, even when the sacrificial layer is formed by a wet etching method, it is possible to effectively prevent the electrodes from being fixed.

また本発明のＭＥＭＳ素子の製造方法によれば、通常の半導体装置の製造工程のみで、固着を防止する突起部を安定して形成することができ、ＭＥＭＳ素子の製造において歩留まりが向上し、製造コストの低いＭＥＭＳ素子の提供が可能となる。   Further, according to the method for manufacturing a MEMS element of the present invention, it is possible to stably form a protrusion for preventing sticking only by a normal manufacturing process of a semiconductor device, and the yield is improved in manufacturing the MEMS element. A low-cost MEMS element can be provided.

本発明のＭＥＭＳ素子の製造工程の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the manufacturing process of the MEMS element of this invention. 本発明のＭＥＭＳ素子の製造工程の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the manufacturing process of the MEMS element of this invention. 従来のＭＥＭＳ素子の突起を形成する製造方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the manufacturing method which forms the protrusion of the conventional MEMS element.

本発明に係るＭＥＭＳ素子およびその製造方法は、固定電極の貫通孔内に露出する犠牲層をオーバーエッチングして段差部を形成し、この段差部に絶縁膜を充填した後、段差部の中央部分の絶縁膜をエッチング除去することによって、接触面積の小さい突起を形成する。以下、容量型ＭＥＭＳ素子の一例として、小型マイクロフォン用トランスデューサーの製造工程に従い、本発明の実施例を説明する。   In the MEMS element and the manufacturing method thereof according to the present invention, a sacrificial layer exposed in the through hole of the fixed electrode is over-etched to form a stepped portion, and after filling the stepped portion with an insulating film, a central portion of the stepped portion is formed. By removing the insulating film by etching, a projection with a small contact area is formed. Hereinafter, as an example of a capacitive MEMS element, an embodiment of the present invention will be described according to a manufacturing process of a transducer for a small microphone.

まず、結晶方位（１００）面の厚さ４２０μｍのシリコン基板１０上に、厚さ１μｍ程度の熱酸化膜１１を形成し、熱酸化膜１１上に、厚さ０．４μｍの導電性ポリシリコンからなる可動電極膜１２を積層形成する（図１ａ）。更に可動電極膜１２上に、厚さ２．０〜４．０μｍ程度のＵＳＧ(Undoped Silicate Glass)膜からなる犠牲層１３を積層形成する。犠牲層１３上に、厚さ０．１〜１．０μｍ程度の導電性ポリシリコンから固定電極膜１４を積層形成する（図１ｂ）。   First, a thermal oxide film 11 having a thickness of about 1 μm is formed on a silicon substrate 10 having a crystal orientation (100) plane of 420 μm in thickness, and the conductive oxide having a thickness of 0.4 μm is formed on the thermal oxide film 11. A movable electrode film 12 to be formed is laminated (FIG. 1a). Further, a sacrificial layer 13 made of a USG (Undoped Silicate Glass) film having a thickness of about 2.0 to 4.0 μm is laminated on the movable electrode film 12. On the sacrificial layer 13, the fixed electrode film 14 is laminated and formed from conductive polysilicon having a thickness of about 0.1 to 1.0 μm (FIG. 1 b).

固定電極膜１４を通常のフォトリソグラフィーにより貫通孔１５を備えた所定の形状にパターニングする。その後、固定電極膜１４に形成した貫通孔１５部分を露出するようにフォトレジストをパターニングし、固定電極膜１４をエッチングマスクとして使用して、貫通孔１５内に露出する犠牲層１３の表面をエッチングし、段差部１６を形成する。このエッチングは、例えばＣＦ4、ＣＨＥＦ3、Ａｒの混合ガスをエッチングガスとして使用し、圧力２６７Ｐａ、印加電力５００Ｗの条件でドライエッチングを行い、エッチング深さが０．２５μｍ程度となるように制御する（図１ｃ）。 The fixed electrode film 14 is patterned into a predetermined shape provided with the through holes 15 by ordinary photolithography. Thereafter, the photoresist is patterned so as to expose the portion of the through hole 15 formed in the fixed electrode film 14, and the surface of the sacrificial layer 13 exposed in the through hole 15 is etched using the fixed electrode film 14 as an etching mask. Then, the step portion 16 is formed. For this etching, for example, a mixed gas of CF 4 , CHEF 3 , and Ar is used as an etching gas, and dry etching is performed under conditions of a pressure of 267 Pa and an applied power of 500 W, and the etching depth is controlled to be about 0.25 μm. (FIG. 1c).

その後、絶縁膜として厚さ０．２μｍの窒化膜１７を全面に形成する（図２ｅ）。窒化膜１７は、固定電極膜１４上の他に、犠牲層１３上に形成された段差部１６表面にも堆積することになる。この窒化膜１７は、後述するように段差部１６の底部の一部をエッチング除去するため、必要な強度が得られる範囲で薄く形成するのが好ましい。   Thereafter, a nitride film 17 having a thickness of 0.2 μm is formed on the entire surface as an insulating film (FIG. 2e). The nitride film 17 is deposited on the surface of the stepped portion 16 formed on the sacrificial layer 13 in addition to the fixed electrode film 14. As will be described later, the nitride film 17 is preferably formed to be thin within a range in which a necessary strength can be obtained in order to etch away a part of the bottom of the step portion 16.

次に突起部を形成するため、少なくとも固定電極膜１４の貫通孔１５の側壁部から段差部１６内につながる窒化膜１７が残るようにエッチングする。具体的には、段差部１６の底部を露出するように図示しないフォトレジストをパターニングし、このフォトレジストをエッチングマスクとして使用し、窒化膜１７をエッチングする（図２ｆ）。   Next, in order to form a protrusion, etching is performed so that the nitride film 17 connected at least from the side wall portion of the through hole 15 of the fixed electrode film 14 into the stepped portion 16 remains. Specifically, a photoresist (not shown) is patterned so as to expose the bottom of the stepped portion 16, and the nitride film 17 is etched using the photoresist as an etching mask (FIG. 2f).

以下、一般的な容量型ＭＥＭＳ素子の製造工程に従い、可動電極膜１２、固定電極膜１４にそれぞれ接続する配線部１８ａ、１８ｂを形成するため、厚さ１．２μｍのＡｌＣｕ膜を形成し、所望のパターンを形成する。その後、シリコン基板１０の裏面側から可動電極膜１２が露出するまでシリコン基板１０および熱酸化膜１１の一部を除去し、バックチャンバー１９を形成する。さらに固定電極膜１４に形成された貫通孔１５を介して犠牲層１３の一部を除去し、可動電極膜１２と固定電極膜１４の間にエアーギャップ２０が形成される（図２ｇ）。   Hereinafter, in order to form the wiring portions 18a and 18b respectively connected to the movable electrode film 12 and the fixed electrode film 14 in accordance with a general capacitive MEMS element manufacturing process, an AlCu film having a thickness of 1.2 μm is formed and desired. The pattern is formed. Thereafter, part of the silicon substrate 10 and the thermal oxide film 11 is removed until the movable electrode film 12 is exposed from the back surface side of the silicon substrate 10, thereby forming a back chamber 19. Further, a part of the sacrificial layer 13 is removed through the through hole 15 formed in the fixed electrode film 14, and an air gap 20 is formed between the movable electrode film 12 and the fixed electrode film 14 (FIG. 2g).

以上のように形成されたＭＥＭＳ素子は、図２（ｇ）に示すように、可動電極膜１４の貫通孔１５からエアーギャップ２０方向に突出するように、窒化膜１７で形成された突起部２１が形成される。このような突起部２１を備えることで、本発明によるＭＥＭＳ素子は可動電極膜１２と固定電極膜１４が固着するのを防止することができる構造となる。   As shown in FIG. 2G, the MEMS element formed as described above has a protruding portion 21 formed of the nitride film 17 so as to protrude from the through hole 15 of the movable electrode film 14 in the direction of the air gap 20. Is formed. By providing such a protrusion 21, the MEMS element according to the present invention has a structure capable of preventing the movable electrode film 12 and the fixed electrode film 14 from being fixed.

本発明の製造方法は、通常の半導体装置の製造方法のみで形成することができ、安価なＭＥＭＳ素子を提供することができる。   The manufacturing method of the present invention can be formed only by a normal method for manufacturing a semiconductor device, and can provide an inexpensive MEMS element.

１０：シリコン基板、１１：熱酸化膜、１２：可動電極膜、１３：犠牲層、１４：固定電極膜、１５：貫通孔、１６：段差部、１７：窒化膜、１８：配線部、１９：バックチャンバー、２０：エアーギャップ、２１：突起部 10: silicon substrate, 11: thermal oxide film, 12: movable electrode film, 13: sacrificial layer, 14: fixed electrode film, 15: through hole, 16: stepped portion, 17: nitride film, 18: wiring portion, 19: Back chamber, 20: Air gap, 21: Projection

Claims (2)

バックチャンバーを備えた基板と、該基板上にエアーギャップを形成して配置された固定電極と可動電極とを備えたＭＥＭＳ素子において、
前記固定電極は、貫通孔を備え、
前記固定電極上に、少なくとも前記貫通孔の側壁部から連続して前記エアーギャップ方向に突出した突起部を構成する絶縁膜が積層形成されていることを特徴とするＭＥＭＳ素子。 In a MEMS device comprising a substrate provided with a back chamber, and a fixed electrode and a movable electrode arranged to form an air gap on the substrate,
The fixed electrode includes a through hole,
The MEMS element, wherein an insulating film constituting a protruding portion protruding in the air gap direction continuously from at least the side wall portion of the through hole is laminated on the fixed electrode. 基板上に可動電極膜を形成し、該可動電極膜上に犠牲層を形成し、該犠牲層上に固定電極膜を形成した後、前記犠牲層を除去することにより、前記可動電極膜と前記固定電極膜との間にエアーギャップを形成する工程を含むＭＥＭＳ素子の製造方法において、
前記犠牲層上に貫通孔を備えた固定電極膜を形成する工程と、
前記貫通孔内に露出する前記犠牲層の一部をエッチングし、段差部を形成する工程と、
少なくとも前記固定電極膜および前記段差部を被覆するように絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記貫通孔の側壁部から連続して前記段差部内に前記絶縁膜が残るように前記段差部の底面部分の前記絶縁膜をエッチング除去する工程と、
前記犠牲層をエッチング除去し、前記可動電極膜と前記固定電極膜との間にエアギャップを形成するとともに、前記貫通孔の側壁から前記エアーギャップ方向に突出する前記絶縁膜からなる突起部を形成する工程と、
前記基板の一部をエッチング除去してバックチャンバーを形成する工程とを含むことを特徴とするＭＥＭＳ素子の製造方法。 A movable electrode film is formed on the substrate, a sacrificial layer is formed on the movable electrode film, a fixed electrode film is formed on the sacrificial layer, and then the sacrificial layer is removed, whereby the movable electrode film and the In the manufacturing method of the MEMS element including the step of forming an air gap between the fixed electrode film,
Forming a fixed electrode film having a through hole on the sacrificial layer;
Etching a part of the sacrificial layer exposed in the through hole to form a stepped portion;
Forming an insulating film so as to cover at least the fixed electrode film and the stepped portion; and
Etching and removing the insulating film on the bottom surface of the step portion so that the insulating film remains in the step portion continuously from the side wall portion of the through hole;
Etching away the sacrificial layer, forming an air gap between the movable electrode film and the fixed electrode film, and forming a protrusion made of the insulating film protruding in the air gap direction from the side wall of the through hole And a process of
And a step of forming a back chamber by etching away a part of the substrate.
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