JP2014163385A - Internal combustion engine, exhaust gas recirculation device, and method of recirculating exhaust gas - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine, exhaust gas recirculation device, and method of recirculating exhaust gas Download PDF

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JP2014163385A
JP2014163385A JP2014031384A JP2014031384A JP2014163385A JP 2014163385 A JP2014163385 A JP 2014163385A JP 2014031384 A JP2014031384 A JP 2014031384A JP 2014031384 A JP2014031384 A JP 2014031384A JP 2014163385 A JP2014163385 A JP 2014163385A
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exhaust gas
gas recirculation
internal combustion
combustion engine
additive
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JP6334193B2 (en
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Toshev Plamen
プラメン・トシェフ
Schlueter Stephan
シュテファン・シュリューター
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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MAN Diesel and Turbo SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/004—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust drives arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To utilize recirculation of an exhaust gas without increasing a risk of corrosion to a component unit of an internal combustion engine, with respect to the internal combustion engine operated with heavy fuel oil.SOLUTION: An exhaust gas (14) coming out from a cylinder (12) and capable of being supplied to a supercharger (15), can be branched at an upstream side of the supercharger (15) by using an exhaust gas recirculation device (23) including at least one exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25, 26), and can be mixed with a supply air (13) compressed after cooling. At least one additive agent (27, 34) can be introduced to the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device (23) at an upstream side of an exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26) for cooling the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device (23) to be lower than a dew point temperature of acid including sulfur, and at least one additive agent binds sulfur oxide of the exhaust gas, and/or neutralizes the acid including sulfur, generated in cooling the exhaust gas.

Description

本発明は内燃機関に関する。本発明はまた、内燃機関のための排ガス再循環装置と、内燃機関における排ガス再循環のための方法とに関する。   The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine. The invention also relates to an exhaust gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine and a method for exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine.

重油で作動される内燃機関には、用いられる燃料、すなわち重油が高度に硫黄を含有するという特殊性がある。硫黄酸化物は排ガスの他の成分と反応し、内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置のような、内燃機関の構成ユニットへの蒸着を生じさせるおそれがある。   Internal combustion engines that are operated with heavy oil have the peculiarity that the fuel used, ie heavy oil, contains a high degree of sulfur. Sulfur oxides may react with other components of the exhaust gas and cause vapor deposition on the constituent units of the internal combustion engine, such as the exhaust gas purification device of the internal combustion engine.

特許文献１から、過給機と排ガス浄化装置とを有する内燃機関が知られている。当該過給機は一段式または二段式の過給機として実施されている。排ガス浄化装置は少なくとも一つのＳＣＲ触媒を含んでおり、当該ＳＣＲ触媒は一段式の過給機においては、排気ターボ過給機のタービンの下流か排気ターボ過給機のタービンの上流かに配置されている。二段式の過給機の場合、ＳＣＲ触媒は当該従来技術によれば、高圧排気ターボ過給機の高圧タービンと低圧排気ターボ過給機の低圧タービンとの間に配置されている。   From Patent Document 1, an internal combustion engine having a supercharger and an exhaust gas purification device is known. The supercharger is implemented as a one-stage or two-stage supercharger. The exhaust gas purification device includes at least one SCR catalyst, and the SCR catalyst is arranged in a single-stage supercharger downstream of the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger or upstream of the turbine of the exhaust turbocharger. ing. In the case of a two-stage turbocharger, the SCR catalyst is arranged according to the prior art between the high-pressure turbine of the high-pressure exhaust turbocharger and the low-pressure turbine of the low-pressure exhaust turbocharger.

乗用車および商用車における応用から、いわゆる排ガス再循環の利用により、内燃機関の排ガス排出をさらに減少させることが知られている。   From applications in passenger cars and commercial vehicles, it is known to further reduce exhaust gas emissions of internal combustion engines through the use of so-called exhaust gas recirculation.

独国特許出願公開第１０２００４０２７５９３号明細書German Patent Application No. 102004027593

しかしながら、重油で作動される内燃機関において排ガス再循環を利用することには問題がある。そのために重油で作動される内燃機関において、排ガス再循環装置は従来用いられ得なかった。これは取り分け以下のような理由による。すなわち、排ガス再循環の際、再循環させるべき排ガスは排ガス再循環冷却器を介して、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように冷却されるので、その場合、排ガス再循環の構成ユニットと内燃機関の構成ユニットは、硫黄を含有する酸に接触し、それにより硫黄を含有する酸の強い腐食作用の結果として損傷を受け得る。この点に基づいて本発明は、重油で作動される新式の内燃機関と、このような内燃機関のための新式の排ガス再循環装置と、このような内燃機関における排ガス再循環のための新式の方法と,を創出することを課題とする。   However, there are problems in utilizing exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil. Therefore, in an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil, the exhaust gas recirculation device cannot be used conventionally. This is due to the following reasons. That is, during exhaust gas recirculation, the exhaust gas to be recirculated is cooled through the exhaust gas recirculation cooler so as to be lower than the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur. The constituent units of an internal combustion engine can come into contact with acids containing sulfur and thereby be damaged as a result of the strong corrosive action of acids containing sulfur. On this basis, the present invention provides a new internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil, a new exhaust gas recirculation device for such an internal combustion engine, and a new exhaust gas recirculation device for such an internal combustion engine. The challenge is to create a method.

上記の課題は請求項１に記載の内燃機関によって解決される。本発明によれば、気筒を出て過給機に供給可能である排ガスは、少なくとも一つの排ガス再循環冷却器を含む排ガス再循環装置を用いて、過給機の上流において分岐可能であるとともに、冷却後に圧縮された給気と混合可能であり、排ガス再循環装置を介してガイドされる排ガスに対して、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように排ガスを冷却する排ガス再循環冷却器の上流において、少なくとも一つの添加剤が導入可能であり、当該少なくとも一つの添加剤は排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和する。本発明により、重油で作動される内燃機関において排ガス再循環を利用することが提案され、これは以下の点により実現される。すなわち、排ガス再循環を介してガイドされる排ガスに、排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和する添加剤が導入されることによって実現される。これにより排ガス再循環の構成ユニットもしくは気筒のピストンが硫黄を含有する酸と接触することが回避される。これらの構成ユニットが腐食によって損傷を受けることに対して有効な対処がなされ得る。   The above problem is solved by the internal combustion engine according to claim 1. According to the present invention, the exhaust gas that can leave the cylinder and be supplied to the supercharger can be branched upstream of the supercharger using an exhaust gas recirculation device that includes at least one exhaust gas recirculation cooler. Exhaust gas recirculation cooler that can be mixed with compressed air supply after cooling and cools the exhaust gas so that it falls below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur with respect to the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device Upstream, at least one additive can be introduced, the at least one additive binds sulfur oxides of the exhaust gas and / or neutralizes sulfur-containing acids that are produced when the exhaust gas is cooled. To do. The invention proposes to use exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil, which is realized by the following points. That is, an additive for neutralizing sulfur-containing acids that are produced when sulfur oxides of exhaust gas are combined with exhaust gas guided through exhaust gas recirculation and / or when the exhaust gas is cooled is introduced. It is realized by. This avoids the exhaust gas recirculation component unit or cylinder piston from coming into contact with the acid containing sulfur. Effective measures can be taken against damage to these component units due to corrosion.

単独の添加剤または個々の添加剤は好ましくは排ガスの硫黄酸化物と、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸と水溶性の反応生成物とを形成しながら反応し、当該反応生成物は、単独の排ガス再循環冷却器または個々の排ガス再循環冷却器に後置された液滴セパレータを介して、凝縮水と共に排ガス再循環装置から導出することができる。硫黄酸化物および／または硫黄を含有する酸が反応して水溶性の反応生成物が生じることと、水溶性の反応生成物を凝縮水と共に液滴セパレータを介して導出することとは、構成上簡単であり、有効かつ好ましい。   A single additive or individual additive preferably reacts with the sulfur oxides of the exhaust gas and / or to form a sulfur-containing acid and a water-soluble reaction product formed when the exhaust gas is cooled, The reaction product can be led out from the exhaust gas recirculation device together with the condensed water via a single exhaust gas recirculation cooler or a droplet separator after the individual exhaust gas recirculation cooler. The fact that sulfur oxides and / or acids containing sulfur react to produce a water-soluble reaction product and that the water-soluble reaction product is led out together with condensed water through a droplet separator are structurally It is simple, effective and preferred.

本発明の好適なさらなる構成によれば、排ガス再循環装置は、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を上回る温度に排ガスを冷却する第一の排ガス再循環冷却器と、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回る温度に排ガスを冷却する第二の排ガス再循環冷却器と、を有している。単独の添加剤または個々の添加剤は、排ガス再循環装置を介してガイドされる排ガスの流れ方向で見た場合、第二の排ガス再循環冷却器の上流であり、かつ、第一の排ガス再循環冷却器の下流または代替的に上流において、排ガスに導入される。当該実施は重油で作動される内燃機関において特に好適である。排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和する単独の添加剤または個々の添加剤は好ましくは、二つの排ガス再循環冷却器の間で排ガスに導入される。   According to a further preferred configuration of the invention, the exhaust gas recirculation device comprises a first exhaust gas recirculation cooler for cooling the exhaust gas to a temperature above the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur, and the dew point of the acid containing sulfur. A second exhaust gas recirculation cooler that cools the exhaust gas to a temperature below the temperature. A single additive or individual additive is upstream of the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler when viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device, and the first exhaust gas recirculation. It is introduced into the exhaust gas downstream or alternatively upstream of the circulation cooler. This practice is particularly suitable for internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil. The single additive or individual additive that combines the sulfur oxides of the exhaust gas and / or neutralizes the sulfur-containing acid that occurs when the exhaust gas is cooled is preferably in two exhaust gas recirculation coolers. Is introduced into the exhaust gas.

本発明に係る内燃機関のための排ガス再循環装置は、請求項８に規定されている。   An exhaust gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine according to the invention is defined in claim 8.

本発明に係る内燃機関における排ガス再循環のための方法は、請求項１０に規定されている。   A method for exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine according to the invention is defined in claim 10.

本発明の好適なさらなる構成は従属請求項と、以下の詳細な説明と、に記載されている。本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいてより詳しく説明するが、本発明は当該実施の形態に限定されるものではない。図面に示すのは以下の通りである。   Further preferred configurations of the invention are described in the dependent claims and in the following detailed description. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. The drawings show the following.

第一の本発明に係る内燃機関を概略的に示す図である。It is a figure showing roughly an internal-combustion engine concerning the 1st present invention. 第二の本発明に係る内燃機関を概略的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows schematically the internal combustion engine which concerns on 2nd this invention.

本発明は重油で作動される内燃機関、特に船舶用ディーゼルエンジンに関する。   The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil, in particular a marine diesel engine.

図１は本発明に係る、重油で作動される内燃機関１０の第一の実施の形態を概略的に表示しており、内燃機関１０は複数の気筒１２を有するエンジン１１を含んでいる。内燃機関１０の気筒１２では燃料として重油が燃焼され、そのために内燃機関１０の気筒１２には重油のほかに、さらに圧縮された給気１３が供給される。重油が燃焼する際に生じる排ガス１４は、内燃機関１０の気筒１２から排出される。   FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of an internal combustion engine 10 operated with heavy oil according to the present invention. The internal combustion engine 10 includes an engine 11 having a plurality of cylinders 12. In the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10, heavy oil is burned as fuel. For this reason, the compressed air supply 13 is supplied to the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10 in addition to the heavy oil. Exhaust gas 14 generated when heavy oil burns is discharged from the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10.

図１に示す内燃機関１０は過給機１５を有しており、当該過給機は図に示す実施の形態では二つのターボ過給機１６および１７を含んでいる。第一のターボ過給機１６はいわゆる高圧ターボ過給機として実施され、第二のターボ過給機１７はいわゆる低圧ターボ過給機として実施されている。内燃機関１０の気筒１２を出た排ガス１４はまず、高圧ターボ過給機１６の高圧タービン１８の領域に到達し、続いて低圧ターボ過給機１７の低圧タービン１９の領域に到達する。   The internal combustion engine 10 shown in FIG. 1 has a supercharger 15, which includes two turbochargers 16 and 17 in the embodiment shown in the figure. The first turbocharger 16 is implemented as a so-called high-pressure turbocharger, and the second turbocharger 17 is implemented as a so-called low-pressure turbocharger. The exhaust gas 14 exiting the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10 first reaches the region of the high-pressure turbine 18 of the high-pressure turbocharger 16, and then reaches the region of the low-pressure turbine 19 of the low-pressure turbocharger 17.

ターボ過給機１６および１７のタービン１８および１９において排ガス１４は逐次的に膨張させられ、このとき得られるエネルギーが利用され、それによってターボ過給機１６，１７の圧縮機２０もしくは２１において給気１３を逐次的に圧縮する。すなわち、低圧ターボ過給機１７は低圧圧縮機２１を含んでおり、高圧ターボ過給機１６は高圧圧縮機２０を含んでいる。ターボ過給機１６，１７の個々の圧縮機２０，２１の下流にはそれぞれ、給気冷却器２２が設けられている。   In the turbines 18 and 19 of the turbochargers 16 and 17, the exhaust gas 14 is sequentially expanded, and the energy obtained at this time is used, whereby the supply air is supplied to the compressor 20 or 21 of the turbochargers 16 and 17. 13 is sequentially compressed. That is, the low-pressure turbocharger 17 includes a low-pressure compressor 21, and the high-pressure turbocharger 16 includes a high-pressure compressor 20. A charge air cooler 22 is provided downstream of the individual compressors 20, 21 of the turbochargers 16, 17.

ここで、図１に示されている、二つのターボ過給機１６，１７を含む過給機１５と異なり、一段式、または二段より多くの過給機も用いられ得ることを指摘しておく。本発明に係る、重油で作動される内燃機関１０はさらに、図に示されていない排ガス浄化装置を有していてよい。このような排ガス浄化装置は少なくとも一つの、図に示されていない排ガス触媒コンバータ、例えばＳＣＲ触媒を有している。排ガス浄化装置はさらに、粒子フィルターを有し得る。   Here, it is pointed out that, unlike the turbocharger 15 including two turbochargers 16 and 17 shown in FIG. 1, a single-stage or more than two-stage superchargers can also be used. deep. The internal combustion engine 10 operated with heavy oil according to the present invention may further include an exhaust gas purification device not shown in the figure. Such an exhaust gas purification device has at least one exhaust gas catalytic converter, such as an SCR catalyst, not shown in the figure. The exhaust gas purification device may further have a particle filter.

本発明に係る内燃機関１０は排ガス再循環装置２３を有している。排ガス再循環装置２３を用いて、排ガス再循環バルブ２４が開放されているとき、気筒１２を出る排ガス１４の流れ方向で見て、単独のまたは個々のターボ過給機１６，１７の上流において、排ガスは排ガス流から分岐され得、図１の実施の形態では排ガス再循環装置２３を経て分岐された排ガスは、二つの排ガス再循環冷却器２５および２６を介してガイドされる。このとき排ガス再循環冷却器２５は、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされた排ガスを、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を上回る温度に冷却する。第二の排ガス再循環冷却器２６が初めて、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされた排ガスを、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回る温度に冷却する。   The internal combustion engine 10 according to the present invention has an exhaust gas recirculation device 23. When the exhaust gas recirculation valve 24 is opened using the exhaust gas recirculation device 23, when viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 14 leaving the cylinder 12, upstream of the single or individual turbochargers 16, 17, The exhaust gas can be branched from the exhaust gas stream, and in the embodiment of FIG. 1 the exhaust gas branched via the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 is guided through two exhaust gas recirculation coolers 25 and 26. At this time, the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 25 cools the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 to a temperature exceeding the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur. For the first time, the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 cools the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 to a temperature below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur.

本発明によれば、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされた排ガスに添加剤が導入され、当該添加剤は排ガスの硫黄酸化物ＳＯｘを結合させる、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和する。 According to the present invention, additives to the guide exhaust gas through the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 is introduced, resulting in the additive to cool to bind sulfur oxides SO x in the exhaust gas, and / or the exhaust gas Neutralize acids containing sulfur.

図１の実施の形態において、当該添加剤２７は、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされる排ガスの流れ方向で見て、第一の排ガス再循環冷却器２５の下流で、かつ第二の排ガス再循環冷却器２６の上流において排ガスに導入される。すなわち、図１においてノズル２８を用いて導入される。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the additive 27 is downstream of the first exhaust gas recirculation cooler 25 and in the second direction when viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device 23. It is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26. That is, it introduces using the nozzle 28 in FIG.

排ガスに導入された単独の添加剤または個々の添加剤２７は、排ガスの硫黄酸化物ＳＯｘと、および／あるいは排ガスを冷却する際に第二の排ガス再循環冷却器２６の領域において生じる、硫黄を含有する酸と、水溶性の反応生成物と、を形成しながら反応する。当該水溶性の反応生成物は、第二の排ガス再循環冷却器２６に対して、およびそれとともに第一の排ガス再循環冷却器２５に対しても、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされる排ガスの流れ方向において後置されている液滴セパレータ２９を介して、凝縮水と共に排ガス再循環装置２３から導出され得る。図１において排ガス再循環装置２３から導出された凝縮水および当該凝縮水に溶解された、単独の添加剤または個々の添加剤と排ガスの硫黄酸化物および／あるいは硫黄を含有する酸とから生じる反応生成物は、参照番号３０で示されている。 A single additive or individual additive 27 introduced into the exhaust gas is the sulfur oxide SO x of the exhaust gas and / or sulfur produced in the region of the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 when cooling the exhaust gas. It reacts while forming an acid containing and a water-soluble reaction product. The water-soluble reaction product is guided to the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 and also to the first exhaust gas recirculation cooler 25 through the exhaust gas recirculation device 23. It can be led out from the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 together with the condensed water via a droplet separator 29 placed downstream in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. In FIG. 1, the reaction caused by the condensed water derived from the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 and the single additive or individual additives and the sulfur oxide and / or acid containing sulfur dissolved in the condensed water. The product is indicated by reference numeral 30.

液滴セパレータ２９の下流において排ガス再循環装置２３を介して内燃機関１１の気筒１２に向かってガイドされる排ガスは、硫黄酸化物を含んでおらず、および／あるいは硫黄を含有する酸を含んでおらず、従って送風機３１を用いて、圧縮された給気１３に問題なく添加され得る。排ガス再循環装置２３の構成ユニットおよび内燃機関１０の気筒１２が、排ガスの硫黄酸化物および硫黄を含有する酸と反応し、当該反応に関連する腐食に晒される危険はない。   The exhaust gas guided toward the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 11 via the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 downstream of the droplet separator 29 does not contain sulfur oxides and / or contains an acid containing sulfur. Thus, it can be added without problems to the compressed supply air 13 using the blower 31. There is no risk that the constituent units of the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 and the cylinder 12 of the internal combustion engine 10 react with the sulfur oxides and sulfur-containing acids of the exhaust gas and are exposed to corrosion associated with the reaction.

添加剤２７として好ましくは、水酸化アンモニウムＮＨ４ＯＨおよび／または炭酸アンモニウム（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３および／または重炭酸アンモニウムＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３および／または水酸化ナトリウムＮａＯＨおよび／または炭酸ナトリウムＮａ２ＣＯ３および／または水酸化カリウムＫＯＨおよび／または炭酸カリウムＫＣＯ２がノズル２８を介して排ガスに導入される。それぞれの添加剤は、排ガスの硫黄酸化物ＳＯｘと、および／または排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸と反応して、水溶性かつアルカリ性の反応生成物を形成し、当該反応生成物はすでに述べたように、液滴セパレータ２９を介して、凝縮水と共に排ガス再循環装置２３から導出され得る。 Additive 27 is preferably ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH and / or ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 and / or ammonium bicarbonate NH 4 HCO 3 and / or sodium hydroxide NaOH and / or sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 and / or potassium hydroxide KOH and / or potassium carbonate KCO 2 are introduced into the exhaust gas via the nozzle 28. Each additive reacts with sulfur oxide SO x of exhaust gas and / or an acid containing sulfur generated when cooling the exhaust gas to form a water-soluble and alkaline reaction product. The product can be led out from the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 together with the condensed water via the droplet separator 29 as already mentioned.

以下に例としていくつかの添加剤について、個々の添加剤が排ガスの硫黄酸化物ＳＯｘおよび／または硫黄を含有する酸と反応して水溶性の反応生成物を生じさせる反応連鎖を記載する。 For some additives as an example below describes the reaction chain which individual additives cause sulfur oxides SO x and / or react with acids containing sulfur-soluble reaction products of the exhaust gas.

水酸化アンモニウムＮＨ４ＯＨが添加剤として用いられる場合、硫黄酸化物の反応は以下に例示する反応連鎖に従って水溶性の硫酸アンモニウム（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４を生じさせる。
ＮＨ４ＯＨ＋ＳＯ２→ＮＨ４ＨＳＯ３
ＮＨ４ＨＳＯ３＋ＮＨ３→（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ３
（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ３＋１／２Ｏ２→（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ When ammonium hydroxide NH 4 OH is used as an additive, the sulfur oxide reaction produces water-soluble ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 according to the reaction chain illustrated below.
NH 4 OH + SO 2 → NH 4 HSO 3
NH 4 HSO 3 + NH 3 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3
(NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 + 1 / 2O 2 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4

水酸化ナトリウムＮａＯＨが添加剤として用いられる場合、硫黄酸化物の反応は以下に例示する反応連鎖に従って、水溶性の反応生成物である硫酸ナトリウムＮａＨＳＯ３を生じさせる。
ＳＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ→Ｈ２ＨＳＯ３
ＳＯ２＋２ＮａＯＨ→Ｎａ２ＳＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ
ＳＯ２＋Ｎａ２ＳＯ３＋Ｈ２Ｏ→２ＮａＨＳＯ３ When sodium hydroxide NaOH is used as an additive, the sulfur oxide reaction produces a water-soluble reaction product, sodium sulfate NaHSO 3 , according to the reaction chain illustrated below.
SO 2 + H 2 O → H 2 HSO 3
SO 2 + 2NaOH → Na 2 SO 3 + H 2 O
SO 2 + Na 2 SO 3 + H 2 O → 2NaHSO 3

硫酸Ｈ２ＳＯ４は個々の添加剤に応じて、以下に例示する反応連鎖に従って水溶性の反応生成物を生じさせる。
Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３→（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ３＋ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ
Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋２ＫＯＨ→Ｋ２ＳＯ４＋２Ｈ２Ｏ
Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｋ２ＣＯ３→Ｋ２ＳＯ４＋ＣＯ２
Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋Ｎａ２ＣＯ３→Ｎａ２ＳＯ４＋ＣＯ２＋Ｈ２Ｏ Depending on the particular additive, sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 produces water-soluble reaction products according to the reaction chain exemplified below.
H 2 SO 4 + (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 → (NH 4 ) 2 SO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
H 2 SO 4 + 2KOH → K 2 SO 4 + 2H 2 O
H 2 SO 4 + K 2 CO 3 → K 2 SO 4 + CO 2
H 2 SO 4 + Na 2 CO 3 → Na 2 SO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O

図１の実施の形態において、個々の添加剤を第一の排ガス再循環冷却器２５の上流においても、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされる排ガスに導入することができる。   In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the individual additives can be introduced into the exhaust gas guided via the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 even upstream of the first exhaust gas recirculation cooler 25.

図２は本発明の一の実施の形態を示しており、当該発明では添加剤としてアンモニアＮＨ３がアンモニア発生器３２を介して作り出されるとともに、排ガス再循環装置２３を介してガイドされる排ガスに、第一の排ガス再循環冷却器２５の上流において導入され、アンモニア発生器３２はノズル３３を有しており、当該ノズルを介してまず尿素３４もしくは尿素水溶液が排ガスに導入され、アンモニア発生器３２はさらに加水分解触媒３５を含んでおり、それによって排ガスに導入された尿素もしくは尿素水溶液を加水分解触媒３５において水蒸気、二酸化炭素、およびアンモニアに変換する。 FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which ammonia NH 3 is produced as an additive through an ammonia generator 32 and is used as an exhaust gas guided through an exhaust gas recirculation device 23. The ammonia generator 32 has a nozzle 33, which is introduced upstream of the first exhaust gas recirculation cooler 25. First, urea 34 or an aqueous urea solution is introduced into the exhaust gas through the nozzle. Further includes a hydrolysis catalyst 35, whereby urea or urea aqueous solution introduced into the exhaust gas is converted into water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ammonia in the hydrolysis catalyst 35.

アンモニアはその後、排ガスの硫黄酸化物および／または硫黄を含有する酸との反応に対する添加剤として役立ち、それによって排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させ、および／または硫黄を含有する酸を中和し、当該反応の際、好ましくは水溶性の反応生成物が生じ、当該水溶性の反応生成物も、液滴セパレータ２９を介して凝縮水３０と共に排ガス再循環装置２３から導出され得る。   Ammonia then serves as an additive to the reaction of the exhaust gas with sulfur oxides and / or sulfur containing acids, thereby binding the exhaust gas sulfur oxides and / or neutralizing the sulfur containing acids, During the reaction, preferably a water-soluble reaction product is generated, and the water-soluble reaction product can also be led out from the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 together with the condensed water 30 via the droplet separator 29.

従って本発明の趣旨は、重油で作動される内燃機関１０において排ガス再循環のための
排ガス再循環装置２３を利用することであり、このとき排ガスの硫黄酸化物および／または排ガスの冷却の際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸は結合および／または中和される。このとき添加剤の導入は、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように排ガスを冷却する排ガス再循環冷却器２６の上流において行われる。このとき当該排ガス再循環冷却器２６の表面は個々の添加剤と硫黄酸化物もしくは硫黄を含有する酸との有効な反応のために利用され得る。従来、重油で作動される内燃機関において排ガス再循環を利用することを許さなかった腐食の問題は、本発明によって回避され得る。したがって本発明により、重油で作動される内燃機関において、内燃機関の構成ユニットに対する腐食の危険を増大させることなく、排ガス再循環を利用することが可能となる。 Therefore, the gist of the present invention is to use the exhaust gas recirculation device 23 for exhaust gas recirculation in the internal combustion engine 10 operated with heavy oil, and at this time, when the sulfur oxide of exhaust gas and / or the exhaust gas is cooled. The resulting sulfur-containing acid is combined and / or neutralized. At this time, the additive is introduced upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 that cools the exhaust gas so as to be lower than the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur. At this time, the surface of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 can be used for effective reaction between individual additives and sulfur oxides or acids containing sulfur. Corrosion problems that have not previously been allowed to utilize exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion engines operated with heavy oil can be avoided by the present invention. Therefore, according to the present invention, exhaust gas recirculation can be used in an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil without increasing the risk of corrosion to the constituent units of the internal combustion engine.

１０ 内燃機関
１１ エンジン
１２ 気筒
１３ 給気
１４ 排ガス
１５ 過給機
１６ ターボ過給機
１７ ターボ過給機
１８ タービン
１９ タービン
２０ 圧縮機
２１ 圧縮機
２２ 給気冷却器
２３ 排ガス再循環装置
２４ 排ガス再循環バルブ
２５ 排ガス再循環冷却器
２６ 排ガス再循環冷却器
２７ 添加剤
２８ ノズル
２９ 液滴セパレータ
３０ 凝縮水
３１ 送風機
３２ アンモニア発生器
３３ ノズル
３４ 添加剤
３５ 加水分解触媒 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Internal combustion engine 11 Engine 12 Cylinder 13 Supply air 14 Exhaust gas 15 Supercharger 16 Turbo supercharger 17 Turbo supercharger 18 Turbine 19 Turbine 20 Compressor 21 Compressor 22 Supply air cooler 23 Exhaust gas recirculation device 24 Exhaust gas recirculation Valve 25 Exhaust gas recirculation cooler 26 Exhaust gas recirculation cooler 27 Additive 28 Nozzle 29 Droplet separator 30 Condensed water 31 Blower 32 Ammonia generator 33 Nozzle 34 Additive 35 Hydrolysis catalyst

Claims (11)

内燃機関、すなわち重油で作動される内燃機関であって、複数の気筒（１２）を有するエンジン（１１）と、少なくとも一つのターボ過給機（１６，１７）を有する過給機（１５）と、を有する内燃機関において、
前記気筒（１２）を出て前記過給機（１５）に供給可能である排ガス（１４）は、少なくとも一つの排ガス再循環冷却器（２５，２６）を含む排ガス再循環装置（２３）を用いて、前記過給機（１５）の上流において分岐可能であるとともに、冷却後に圧縮された給気（１３）と混合可能であり、
前記排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）の上流において前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）を介してガイドされる前記排ガスに対して、少なくとも一つの添加剤（２７，３４）が導入可能であり、前記排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）が、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）を介してガイドされる前記排ガスを冷却し、前記少なくとも一つの添加剤が、前記排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは前記排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和することを特徴とする内燃機関。 An internal combustion engine, that is, an internal combustion engine operated by heavy oil, the engine (11) having a plurality of cylinders (12), and a supercharger (15) having at least one turbocharger (16, 17) In an internal combustion engine having
The exhaust gas (14) that can be supplied from the cylinder (12) to the supercharger (15) uses an exhaust gas recirculation device (23) including at least one exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25, 26). And can be branched upstream of the supercharger (15) and mixed with the compressed air supply (13) after cooling,
At least one additive (27, 34) can be introduced into the exhaust gas guided via the exhaust gas recirculation device (23) upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26), and the exhaust gas A recirculation cooler (26) cools the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device (23) to be below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur, and the at least one additive is An internal combustion engine that combines sulfur oxides of exhaust gas and / or neutralizes an acid containing sulfur that is generated when the exhaust gas is cooled. 前記添加剤（２７，３４）は前記硫黄酸化物と、および／あるいは前記硫黄を含有する酸と、水溶性の反応生成物と、を形成しながら反応し、当該反応生成物は、前記排ガス再循環冷却器（２５，２６）に後置された液滴セパレータ（２９）を介して、凝縮水と共に前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）から導出可能であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の内燃機関。   The additive (27, 34) reacts while forming the sulfur oxide and / or the acid containing sulfur and a water-soluble reaction product, and the reaction product reacts with the exhaust gas recycle. 2. The exhaust gas recirculation device (23) with condensate can be led out from the exhaust gas recirculation device (23) via a droplet separator (29) placed downstream of the circulation cooler (25, 26). Internal combustion engine. 前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）は、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を上回る温度に排ガスを冷却する第一の排ガス再循環冷却器（２５）と、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回る温度に排ガスを冷却する第二の排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）と、を有していることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の内燃機関。   The exhaust gas recirculation device (23) includes a first exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25) for cooling the exhaust gas to a temperature above the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur, and a temperature below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a second exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26) for cooling the exhaust gas. 前記添加剤は、前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）を介してガイドされる排ガスの流れ方向で見た場合、前記第二の排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）の上流において、かつ、前記第一の排ガス再循環冷却器（２５）の下流において、前記排ガスに導入されることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の内燃機関。   When viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device (23), the additive is upstream of the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26) and the first The internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust gas is introduced into the exhaust gas downstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25). 前記添加剤は、前記排ガス再循環装置（２３）を介してガイドされる排ガスの流れ方向で見た場合、前記第二の排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）の上流でにおいて、かつ、前記第一の排ガス再循環冷却器（２５）の上流において前記排ガスに導入されることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の内燃機関。   The additive is upstream of the second exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26) when viewed in the flow direction of the exhaust gas guided through the exhaust gas recirculation device (23), and the first The internal combustion engine according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust gas is introduced into the exhaust gas upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25). 添加剤として、水酸化アンモニウム（ＮＨ４ＯＨ）および／または炭酸アンモニウム（（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３）および／または重炭酸アンモニウム（ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３）および／または水酸化ナトリウム（ＮａＯＨ）または炭酸ナトリウム（Ｎａ２ＣＯ３）および／または水酸化カリウム（ＫＯＨ）および／または炭酸カリウム（ＫＣＯ２）がノズル（２８）を介して前記排ガスに導入されることを特徴とする請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関。 Additives include ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) and / or ammonium carbonate ((NH 4) 2 CO 3 ) and / or ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ) and / or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium carbonate ( 6. Na 2 CO 3 ) and / or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and / or potassium carbonate (KCO 2 ) are introduced into the exhaust gas via a nozzle (28). The internal combustion engine according to one item. アンモニア（ＮＨ３）がアンモニア発生器（３２）を介して尿素から作り出されるとともに、前記排ガスに導入され、前記アンモニア発生器（３２）は、尿素水溶液を添加剤（３４）として前記排ガスに導入するためのノズル（３３）と、前記尿素水溶液を水蒸気、二酸化炭素、およびアンモニアに変換するための加水分解触媒（３５）と、を有していることを特徴とする請求項１から５のいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関。 Ammonia (NH 3 ) is produced from urea via an ammonia generator (32) and introduced into the exhaust gas, and the ammonia generator (32) introduces urea aqueous solution into the exhaust gas as an additive (34). 6. A nozzle according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrolysis catalyst for converting said aqueous urea solution into water vapor, carbon dioxide and ammonia. The internal combustion engine according to one item. 内燃機関、すなわち重油で作動される内燃機関のための排ガス再循環装置において、
内燃機関の気筒（１２）を出る排ガス（１４）は、少なくとも一つの排ガス再循環冷却器（２５，２６）を用いて冷却可能であり、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように前記排ガスを冷却する前記排ガス再循環冷却器（２６）の上流において、少なくとも一つの添加剤（２７，３４）が導入可能であり、当該少なくとも一つの添加剤は前記排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは前記排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和することを特徴とする排ガス再循環装置。 In an exhaust gas recirculation device for an internal combustion engine, i.e. an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil,
The exhaust gas (14) exiting the cylinder (12) of the internal combustion engine can be cooled using at least one exhaust gas recirculation cooler (25, 26), and the exhaust gas so as to be below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur. Upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler (26) for cooling the at least one additive (27, 34), wherein the at least one additive binds sulfur oxides of the exhaust gas, and An exhaust gas recirculation device characterized by neutralizing an acid containing sulfur produced when cooling the exhaust gas. 請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載の特徴を特徴とする請求項８に記載の排ガス再循環装置。   The exhaust gas recirculation device according to claim 8, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation device has the characteristics according to claim 1. 内燃機関、すなわち重油で作動される内燃機関における排ガス再循環のための方法において、
内燃機関の気筒を出る排ガスは、少なくとも一つの排ガス再循環冷却器を用いて冷却され、硫黄を含有する酸の露点温度を下回るように前記排ガスを冷却する前記排ガス再循環冷却器の上流において、少なくとも一つの添加剤が導入され、当該少なくとも一つの添加剤は前記排ガスの硫黄酸化物を結合させる、および／あるいは前記排ガスを冷却する際に生じる、硫黄を含有する酸を中和することを特徴とする方法。 In a method for exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine, ie an internal combustion engine operated with heavy oil,
The exhaust gas exiting the cylinder of the internal combustion engine is cooled using at least one exhaust gas recirculation cooler and upstream of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler that cools the exhaust gas below the dew point temperature of the acid containing sulfur, At least one additive is introduced, the at least one additive binds the sulfur oxides of the exhaust gas and / or neutralizes the sulfur-containing acid generated when the exhaust gas is cooled. And how to. 請求項１から７のいずれか一項に記載の特徴を特徴とする請求項１０に記載の方法。   11. A method according to claim 10, characterized by the features of any one of claims 1-7.
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