JP2014161236A - FISH FARMING METHOD AND pH REGULATING AGENT USED FOR THE SAME - Google Patents
FISH FARMING METHOD AND pH REGULATING AGENT USED FOR THE SAME Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014161236A JP2014161236A JP2013032439A JP2013032439A JP2014161236A JP 2014161236 A JP2014161236 A JP 2014161236A JP 2013032439 A JP2013032439 A JP 2013032439A JP 2013032439 A JP2013032439 A JP 2013032439A JP 2014161236 A JP2014161236 A JP 2014161236A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
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- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237509 Patinopecten sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000459 calcaneus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002101 nanobubble Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007084 physiological dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 storage amount Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetramagnesium;tetracarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O OGWLTJRQYVEDMR-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、魚類の養殖方法およびこれに用いるｐＨ調整材に係り、特にプール型の養殖施設における養殖に好適な魚類の養殖方法およびこれに用いるｐＨ調整材に関する。 The present invention relates to a fish culture method and a pH adjusting material used therefor, and more particularly to a fish culture method suitable for aquaculture in a pool type aquaculture facility and a pH adjusting material used therefor.
一般に、魚類の養殖においては、海水を利用する場合には、外洋、内海、湾内等の海水域に養殖施設を設置し、淡水を利用する場合には、河川、湖沼等の淡水域に養殖施設を設置し、当該養殖施設の内外間を海水または淡水が相互に流通可能な状態にして種々の魚類の養殖が実行されている。具体的には、養殖槽の側面および底面を網面によって形成して、網目を通して海水または淡水を内外に流通するようにしている。これは第１に魚類に新鮮な海水若しくは淡水を自然の水流を利用して供給するとともに、第２に投与される餌料の残餌や魚類の***物等が養殖施設の底部に溜まり、底泥となる量を可能な限り養殖施設の外部に自然の水流を利用して排出させるためである。 In general, when using seawater in the aquaculture of fish, aquaculture facilities are set up in seawater areas such as the open ocean, inland seas and bays, and when freshwater is used, aquaculture facilities are installed in freshwater areas such as rivers and lakes. A variety of fish are being cultivated with seawater or fresh water being circulated between the inside and outside of the aquaculture facility. Specifically, the side surface and the bottom surface of the aquaculture tank are formed by a mesh surface, and seawater or fresh water is distributed inside and outside through the mesh. Firstly, fresh seawater or fresh water is supplied to fish using natural water flow, and secondly, residual food and fish excrement etc., which are administered, are accumulated at the bottom of the aquaculture facility. This is because as much as possible is discharged outside the aquaculture facility using natural water flow.
一方、海水や淡水からなる飼育水をプール型の養殖施設に貯留して魚類を養殖することも試みられているが、養殖施設と外部との間に飼育水を流通させることができないために、当該養殖施設内の飼育水を積極的に浄化する設備を設けることが提案されている（例えば、特許文献１〜２参照）。 On the other hand, it is also attempted to cultivate fish by storing breeding water consisting of seawater and fresh water in a pool type aquaculture facility, but because the breeding water cannot be distributed between the aquaculture facility and the outside, It has been proposed to provide equipment for positively purifying breeding water in the aquaculture facility (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
前記特許文献１によれば、重力式濾過槽によって飼育水の浄化を行う方式であり、特殊な装置が必要であり、ランニングコストが高いという不都合がある。 According to Patent Document 1, it is a method of purifying breeding water using a gravity filtration tank, which requires a special device and has a disadvantage of high running cost.
また、前記特許文献２によれば、マイクロナノバブルによって飼育水の浄化を行う方式であり、同様に特殊な装置が必要であり、ランニングコストが高いという不都合がある。 Moreover, according to the said patent document 2, it is the system which purifies breeding water by micro nano bubble, and a special apparatus is required similarly, and there exists a problem that a running cost is high.
しかも、これらの特許文献によれば、魚類の養殖を行うものではなく、水族館のような魚類の観賞用のプールに適用されるものであり、これらの施設を養殖施設に適用すると仮定すると、更なる施設のコスト高およびランニングコスト高を招くという不都合がある。 Moreover, according to these patent documents, it is not intended to cultivate fish, but is applied to a pool for watching fish such as an aquarium, and assuming that these facilities are applied to aquaculture facilities, There is an inconvenience of incurring high cost and running cost of the facility.
本発明は、これらの点に鑑みてなされたものであり、プール型の養殖施設における魚類の飼育水の水質を魚類の育成に適正な値に維持することができ、魚類の健全な育成を可能とし、コストも低廉に抑えることのできる魚類の養殖方法およびこれに用いるｐＨ調整材を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of these points, and can maintain the water quality of fish breeding water in a pool-type aquaculture facility at a value appropriate for the growth of fish, enabling the healthy growth of fish. And it aims at providing the culture method of fish which can hold down cost at low cost, and the pH adjuster used for this.
本発明者等は鋭意研究し、プール型の養殖施設に貯留した飼育水中にｐＨ調整材を投入して、飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持しながら鰻をその稚魚（しらすうなぎ）から成魚まで成長させたところ、鰻に発生する骨曲病の発生率が半減することを確認して本発明を完成させたものである。 The present inventors have intensively studied and introduced a pH adjusting material into the breeding water stored in the pool-type aquaculture facility, while suppressing a decrease in the pH of the breeding water and maintaining the pH within a certain range from the beginning of the cultivation. The present invention was completed by confirming that the incidence of osteoporosis occurring in the carp was reduced by half when the carp was grown from its fry (shirasu eel) to adult fish.
このようにしてなされた本発明の魚類の養殖方法の第１の態様は、プール型の養殖施設内の飼育水中にｐＨ調整材を投与して当該飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持して魚類の養殖を行うことを特徴とする。 The first aspect of the method for cultivating fish according to the present invention as described above is that the pH adjustment material is administered to the breeding water in the pool type aquaculture facility so as to suppress the decrease in pH of the breeding water, The fish culture is carried out while maintaining the pH within a certain range.
また、本発明の魚類の養殖方法の第２の態様は、第１の態様において、前記飼育水中に投与された前記ｐＨ調整材を、前記飼育水中の底部滞留汚泥もしくは底部滞留汚泥の循環経路に到達させて魚類の養殖を行うことを特徴とする。 Further, according to a second aspect of the fish farming method of the present invention, in the first aspect, the pH adjusting material administered in the breeding water is used as a bottom retention sludge or a bottom retention sludge circulation path in the breeding water. It is made to reach and fish culture.
また、本発明の魚類の養殖方法の第３の態様は、第１または第２の態様において、前記ｐＨ調整材は、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩の群から選ばれた１種または複数種を主成分とすることを特徴とする。 According to a third aspect of the fish culture method of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, the pH adjusting material is selected from the group consisting of an alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, and carbonate. It is characterized by having one or more kinds as main components.
また、本発明の魚類の養殖方法に用いるｐＨ調整材の第１の態様は、プール型の養殖施設内の飼育水中に投与されて、当該飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持して魚類の養殖を行うことのできる有効成分を有していることを特徴とする。 In addition, the first aspect of the pH adjusting material used in the fish culture method of the present invention is administered to the breeding water in a pool-type aquaculture facility and suppresses a decrease in the pH of the breeding water, and is constant from the beginning of the cultivation. It has the active ingredient which can maintain the pH within the range and can perform fish culture.
また、本発明の魚類の養殖方法に用いるｐＨ調整材の第２の態様は、第１の態様において、前記ｐＨ調整材が、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩の群から選ばれた１種または複数種を主成分とすることを特徴とする。 The second aspect of the pH adjuster used in the fish culture method of the present invention is the first aspect, wherein the pH adjuster is selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates. It is characterized by having one or more selected ones as a main component.
本発明のｐＨ調整材を用いて本発明の魚類の養殖方法を実行することにより、プール型の養殖施設における魚類の飼育水の水質特にｐＨの低下を抑制して魚類の育成に適正な値に維持することができ、魚類の健全な育成を可能とし、コストも低廉に抑えることができ、特に鰻の養殖に好適である等の効果を奏する。 By carrying out the fish culture method of the present invention using the pH adjusting material of the present invention, the water quality of fish breeding water in a pool type aquaculture facility, in particular, a decrease in pH is suppressed to an appropriate value for growing fish. It is possible to maintain the fish, and it is possible to grow fish smoothly, the cost can be kept low, and it is particularly suitable for the cultivation of salmon.
以下、本発明を実施の形態により説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to embodiments.
（本発明の概要説明）
本発明は、プール型の養殖施設における魚類の飼育水の水質特にｐＨの低下を抑制して魚類の育成に適正な値に維持して、魚類の養殖を実行するための魚類の養殖方法およびこれに用いるｐＨ調整材である。
(Outline of the present invention)
The present invention relates to a fish culture method for controlling the quality of fish breeding water in a pool type aquaculture facility, in particular pH, to maintain a value appropriate for the growth of fish and to carry out fish culture, and to this It is a pH adjusting material used for.
このように本発明はプール型の養殖施設内の飼育水のｐＨを調整することにより適正な魚類の養殖を実行するものである。 As described above, the present invention executes proper fish culture by adjusting the pH of the breeding water in the pool type aquaculture facility.
このプール型の養殖施設としては、海水や淡水等の飼育水を貯留することができる構成であればよく、天然のため池、人工のため池、プール等であって、外部との間で飼育水の流通のできない構成のものを含むものである。 This pool-type aquaculture facility may be any structure that can store breeding water such as seawater and fresh water. It is a natural pond, artificial pond, pool, etc. The thing of the composition which cannot be distributed is included.
（適正なｐＨ値の設定）
本発明においては、プール型の養殖施設における魚類の飼育水の水質特にｐＨの低下を抑制して魚類の育成に適正な値に維持することを特徴としている。
(Appropriate pH value setting)
The present invention is characterized in that the water quality of fish breeding water in a pool-type aquaculture facility, in particular, a decrease in pH is suppressed and maintained at a value appropriate for fish breeding.
本発明においては、海水についての飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して、養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨ値として、養殖当初のｐＨ値から±０．２程度の範囲とするとよい。また、天然の海水を利用する場合には、一定範囲内のｐＨ値として、海水のｐＨの平均値である８．２〜８．４程度を維持できる８．１〜８．５に設定するとよい。 In the present invention, it is preferable to suppress a decrease in the pH of the breeding water with respect to seawater, and to set the pH value within a certain range from the beginning of the culture to a range of about ± 0.2 from the initial pH value of the culture. Moreover, when using natural seawater, it is good to set to 8.1-8.5 which can maintain about 8.2-8.4 which is the average value of seawater pH as a pH value within a fixed range. .
また、本発明においては、淡水についての適正な飼育水のｐＨを、低下することを抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内の値として、魚類の養殖の進行によってもｐＨが養殖当初の値から大きく低下しない値に設定するとよい。 Further, in the present invention, the pH of the appropriate breeding water for fresh water is controlled to be within a certain range from the beginning of the culture by suppressing the decrease, and the pH is increased from the initial value by the progress of fish culture. It should be set to a value that does not decrease.
このようにｐＨを設定する理由は、ｐＨが大きく異なることによって魚体へのストレス、生理機能障害、疾病、体表粘膜分泌異常などの原因となることを防止するためである。 The reason for setting the pH in this way is to prevent the fish from causing stress, physiological dysfunction, disease, abnormal mucosal secretion of the body surface, etc. due to the great difference in pH.
（ｐＨ調整材の説明）
本発明におけるｐＨ調整材は、プール型の養殖施設内の飼育水中に投与されて、当該飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持して魚類の養殖を行うことのできる有効成分を有していることを特徴とする。
(Description of pH adjusting material)
The pH adjusting material in the present invention is administered to the breeding water in a pool type aquaculture facility, and the fish is cultured by suppressing a decrease in the pH of the breeding water and maintaining the pH within a certain range from the beginning of the cultivation. It has an active ingredient that can be used.
具体的には、ｐＨ値を適正値に長期に亘って維持するために、ｐＨ調整材は飼育水に難溶性であることが望ましい。 Specifically, in order to maintain the pH value at an appropriate value over a long period of time, it is desirable that the pH adjusting material is hardly soluble in the breeding water.
更に、ｐＨ調整材は、アルカリ土類金属の酸化物、水酸化物、炭酸塩の群から選ばれた１種または複数種を主成分とすることが望ましい。 Furthermore, it is desirable that the pH adjuster is mainly composed of one or more selected from the group of alkaline earth metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates.
ここでアルカリ土類金属の酸化物としては酸化マグネシウムおよび酸化カルシウムを挙げることができ、水酸化物としては水酸化マグネシウムおよび水酸化カルシウムを挙げることができ、炭酸塩としては炭酸マグネシウム、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウムおよび貝類の殻（牡蠣殻、ホタテ貝殻等）などの生物起源の炭酸カルシウムを挙げることができる。 Here, examples of the alkaline earth metal oxide include magnesium oxide and calcium oxide, examples of the hydroxide include magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, and examples of the carbonate include magnesium carbonate and basic carbonate. Mention may be made of calcium carbonate of biological origin such as magnesium, calcium carbonate and shells of shells (eg oyster shell, scallop shell).
（魚類の養殖方法の説明）
本発明の魚類の養殖方法においては、プール型の養殖施設内の飼育水中にｐＨ調整材を投与して当該飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持して魚類の養殖を行うものである。
(Description of fish culture method)
In the fish culture method of the present invention, a pH adjusting material is administered to the breeding water in a pool type aquaculture facility to suppress a drop in the pH of the breeding water and maintain the pH within a certain range from the beginning of the cultivation. Fish farming.
ｐＨ調整材としては前記したｐＨ調整材の群より飼育水の状態（例えば、海水、淡水、貯留量、水深、水温、投与前のｐＨ値等）、養殖対象魚の種類や育成状態、投与する季節等に応じて選択するとよい。 As the pH adjusting material, the state of the breeding water (for example, seawater, fresh water, storage amount, water depth, water temperature, pH value before administration, etc.), the type and growth state of the fish to be cultured, the season of administration It is good to choose according to etc.
ｐＨ調整材の投与方法としては、どのような方法であってもよいが、コストを抑えるために人手によっても実行可能な方法を採用するとよい。投与する場合には、養殖施設の飼育水の全面に均等に投与するとよい。投与されたｐＨ調整材は次第に育成水中に沈殿して行き、養殖施設の底部に汚泥が滞留している場合には当該底部滞留汚泥部分や底部滞留汚泥の循環経路に到達して、飼育水全体のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持させることとなる。また、養殖施設の底部の状態としては、天然施設および人工施設のいずれであっても、土地、泥地、砂地、砂利地、コンクリート地等の状態やこれらの地の底部に養殖に伴う堆積物が堆積している状態のいずれであってもよい。 As a method for administering the pH adjusting material, any method may be used, but a method that can be executed manually may be adopted in order to reduce costs. When administered, it should be equally applied to the entire surface of the breeding water in the aquaculture facility. The administered pH adjuster gradually settles in the breeding water, and when sludge stays at the bottom of the aquaculture facility, it reaches the bottom accumulated sludge portion and the circulation route of the bottom retained sludge, and the entire breeding water Therefore, it is possible to maintain the pH within a certain range from the beginning of the culture by suppressing the decrease in pH. In addition, as the state of the bottom of the aquaculture facility, whether it is a natural facility or a man-made facility, the state of land, mud, sand, gravel, concrete, etc. It may be in any of the states where is deposited.
ｐＨ調整材の投与量・投与回数・投与間隔等は、投与するｐＨ調整材のアルカリ強度・飼育水に対する溶解度等に応じて飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持できる量・投与回数・投与間隔等とするとよい。ｐＨ調整材が難溶性であると投与回数を少なくすることができるので好ましい。 The dosage, number of administrations, and administration interval of the pH adjusting material are set within a certain range from the beginning of the culture by suppressing the decrease in the pH of the breeding water according to the alkali strength of the pH adjusting material to be administered, the solubility in the breeding water, etc. The amount that can be maintained, the number of administrations, the administration interval, etc. are recommended. It is preferable that the pH adjuster is poorly soluble because the number of administrations can be reduced.
前記の条件によって選択されたｐＨ調整材を飼育水中に投与すると飼育水のｐＨの低下を抑制して養殖当初から一定範囲内のｐＨに維持されて魚類が健全に育成される。 When the pH adjusting material selected according to the above conditions is administered to the breeding water, the pH of the breeding water is suppressed and maintained at a pH within a certain range from the beginning of the farming, so that fish can be bred healthy.
＜実施例＞
本発明の魚類の養殖方法およびこれに用いるｐＨ調整材を鰻の養殖の場合について説明する。
<Example>
The fish culture method of the present invention and the pH adjusting material used therefor will be described in the case of carp culture.
本実施例１においては、既存のプール型の養殖施設（以下、既存施設という）に本発明のｐＨ調整材を投与したテスト区と投与しない対照区を比較することにより、本発明の作用効果を確認した。 In this Example 1, the effect of the present invention can be obtained by comparing the test group in which the pH adjusting material of the present invention is administered to the existing pool type aquaculture facility (hereinafter referred to as the existing facility) with the control group in which the pH control material is not administered. confirmed.
（既存施設による養殖形態と飼育方法）
鰻の養殖においては、主に１２月〜３月に海から河川に遡上して来る鰻の稚魚（しらすうなぎ（体重０．２〜０．３ｇ／尾程度））を採捕して種苗とし、既存施設の飼育水中に入れる（池入れ）。
(Culture form and breeding method by existing facilities)
In the culture of salmon, fry of salmon (shirasu eel (weight 0.2-0.3 g / about)) that rises from the sea to the river mainly from December to March is collected and used as seedlings. Put it in the breeding water of the existing facility (ponding).
池入れ後、夜間電灯をつけて、糸ミミズ（人工糸ミミズも含む）を池の壁面にそって給餌し、餌がついたら徐々に配合飼料に切り替えていく。この間に給餌時間を朝に変えていく。 After putting in the pond, turn on the night light and feed the earthworm (including artificial earthworm) along the wall of the pond. During this time, the feeding time is changed in the morning.
給餌量は、魚体重あたり３〜８％を目安に1日に２、３回程度に分けて与える。
飼育水の水温は、池入れ時には１５度程度に設定し、１日に５度程度を目安に飼育水の水温を上昇させて、最終的には飼育水の水温を２８〜３０℃程度までに上昇させて、飼育する。
The amount of food to be fed is divided into about 2 to 3 times a day with 3 to 8% per fish weight as a guide.
The temperature of the breeding water is set to about 15 degrees at the time of putting the pond, and the temperature of the breeding water is raised to about 5 degrees a day, and finally the temperature of the breeding water is about 28-30 ° C. Raise and raise.
飼育中に、鰻が成長し、既存施設が過密になると分養池に分けて飼育し、２００ｇ／尾前後まで飼育して、出荷する。 During the breeding, when the pupae grow and the existing facilities become overcrowded, they are bred in a feeding pond, raised to around 200g / tail and shipped.
（既存施設の構成）
既存施設は、池壁をコンクリート製とし、底面は素掘りの砂利もしくはコンクリート製とし、水深を１ｍ前後とし、１区画の平面の面積を３３０ｍ２程度とし、上部開口を鉄筋ビニール張りで覆っている。
(Configuration of existing facilities)
The existing facility has a pond wall made of concrete, a bottom made of bare gravel or concrete, a water depth of about 1 m, a plane area of one section of about 330 m 2 , and the upper opening covered with reinforcing steel vinyl. .
既存施設には、飼育水の溶存酸素量を増やす為に水車や送気装置を設置しているものもある。 Some existing facilities have water turbines and air supply devices installed to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the breeding water.
飼育水の加温設備としては、池底に亜鉛管を敷き、その中を５０〜８０℃の温水を流す間接加温式が多くもちいられており、温水器としては重油ボイラーが用いられている。 As the breeding water heating equipment, there are many indirect heating systems in which a zinc pipe is laid on the bottom of the pond and hot water of 50 to 80 ° C. is flown through, and a heavy oil boiler is used as the water heater. .
（既存施設における飼育環境）
既存施設としては、止水池、流水池、半流水池があるが、現在は水質検査を実施し、必要最小限の注排水（換水率１０〜３０％／日程度）を実施する半流水式が一般的である。
飼育水の水質は、アンモニア態窒素は３〜２０ｐｐｍ、亜硝酸窒素は１〜５ｐｐｍ、ｐＨは６〜６．５程度で、溶存酸素量は５０％程度に保たれている。
(Creation environment in existing facilities)
As existing facilities, there are still ponds, running ponds, and semi-running ponds, but currently there is a semi-flowing water type that conducts water quality inspections and performs the minimum required drainage (conversion rate of about 10-30% / day). It is common.
The quality of the breeding water is 3-20 ppm for ammonia nitrogen, 1-5 ppm for nitrogen nitrite, pH is about 6-6.5, and the dissolved oxygen content is kept at about 50%.
鰻の収容密度は、半流水式池においては３〜６ｋｇ／ｍ２が一般的であり、この収容密度を保つ為に鰻を他の区画とで分けたり（分養）や間引きをする。 The storage density of the cocoons is generally 3 to 6 kg / m 2 in the half-flow water pond. In order to maintain this storage density, the cocoons are separated from other compartments (division) or thinned.
（既存施設を用いたテスト１）
三重県松阪市に設置されている既存施設（原水として井戸水を使用）をテスト区と対照区に区分し、下記の要領でテスト１を実行した。
1)養殖期間：平成２４年２月１日〜同年１１月１日
2)テスト区へのｐＨ調整材の投与実施日と投与量：同年２月１日に１００ｇ／ｍ２と７月１日に１００ｇ／ｍ２
本実施例においては、投与量は１００ｇ〜４００ｇ／ｍ２の範囲から１００ｇ／ｍ２を選択した（以下の実施例において同じ）。
3)ｐＨ調整材の組成：水酸化マグネシウム（９９重量％）と不可避成分
4)稚魚の池入れ：同年２月５日
5)成魚の取出し：同年１１月１日
6)分養：必要に応じて実行
7)既存施設内の飼育水のｐＨの変化：図１の通りに変化した。
8)結果：飼育水のｐＨについては、ｐＨ調整材を投与しない対照区においては、養殖の経過とともにｐＨが養殖当初の６．８から約０．１／月の割合で低下しているが、テスト区においては第１回目のｐＨ調整材の投与後４カ月間はｐＨが養殖当初の６．８に維持され、その後約０．１／月の割合で２箇月間低下したものの、第２回目のｐＨ調整材の投与によって当初の値に上昇し、その後６．７に低下して維持されたので、養殖期間の全体に亘ってｐＨが養殖当初から一定範囲内に維持されたことがわかる。
鰻の養殖の健全性については、取出された鰻において、対照区の骨曲がり病発生率が２８％であったものが、テスト区においては１４％と半減しており、本発明による鰻の健全は養殖効果が発揮されたことがわかる。
(Test 1 using existing facilities)
The existing facility (using well water as raw water) installed in Matsusaka City, Mie Prefecture was divided into a test zone and a control zone, and Test 1 was performed as follows.
1) Aquaculture period: February 1, 2012-November 1, 2012
2) administration effective date and dosage of pH adjusting material to the test Zone: 100 g / m 2 to 100 g / m 2 and 1 July of the same year February 1
In this embodiment, dose (same in the following examples) which selects the 100 g / m 2 from a range of 100g~400g / m 2.
3) Composition of pH adjuster: Magnesium hydroxide (99% by weight) and inevitable ingredients
4) Pond for fry: February 5
5) Removal of adult fish: November 1
6) Feeding: Run as needed
7) Change in pH of breeding water in existing facilities: Changed as shown in FIG.
8) Results: Regarding the pH of the breeding water, in the control plot where no pH adjuster was administered, the pH decreased with the progress of the cultivation at a rate of about 0.1 / month from the initial 6.8. In the test area, the pH was maintained at 6.8 at the beginning of the cultivation for 4 months after the administration of the first pH adjuster, and then decreased at a rate of about 0.1 / month for 2 months. The pH was increased to the initial value by the administration of the pH adjusting material, and then decreased to 6.7 and maintained, so that it can be seen that the pH was maintained within a certain range from the beginning of the culture.
Regarding the soundness of the aquaculture, the incidence of bone bending disease in the control plot was 28% in the removed sputum, but it was halved to 14% in the test plot. Shows that the aquaculture effect was demonstrated.
（既存施設を用いたテスト２）
静岡県浜松市に設置されている既存施設（原水として井戸水を使用）をテスト区と対照区に区分し、下記の要領でテスト２を実行した。
1)養殖期間：平成２４年２月１日〜同年１１月１日
2)テスト区へのｐＨ調整材の投与実施日と投与量：同年２月１日に１００ｇ／ｍ２
3)ｐＨ調整材の組成：水酸化マグネシウム（９９重量％）と不可避成分
4)稚魚の池入れ：同年２月５日
5)成魚の取出し：同年１１月１日
6)分養：必要に応じて実行
7)既存施設内の飼育水のｐＨの変化：図２の通りに変化した。
8)結果：飼育水のｐＨについては、ｐＨ調整材を投与しない対照区においては、養殖の経過とともにｐＨが養殖当初の６．８から約０．１／月の割合で低下しているが、テスト区においてはｐＨ調整材の投与後４カ月間はｐＨが養殖当初の６．８に維持され、その後約０．１／月の割合で２箇月間低下したものの、最終的には６．７に上昇して維持されたので、養殖期間の全体に亘ってｐＨが養殖当初から一定範囲内に維持されたことがわかる。
鰻の養殖の健全性については、取出された鰻において、対照区の骨曲がり病発生率が１１％であったものが、テスト区においては５％と半減しており、本発明による鰻の健全は養殖効果が発揮されたことがわかる。
(Test 2 using existing facilities)
The existing facility (using well water as raw water) installed in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture was divided into a test zone and a control zone, and Test 2 was performed as follows.
1) Aquaculture period: February 1, 2012-November 1, 2012
2) Date of administration and dosage of pH adjuster to test area: 100 g / m 2 on February 1 of the same year
3) Composition of pH adjuster: Magnesium hydroxide (99% by weight) and inevitable ingredients
4) Pond for fry: February 5
5) Removal of adult fish: November 1
6) Feeding: Run as needed
7) Change in pH of breeding water in existing facilities: changed as shown in FIG.
8) Results: Regarding the pH of the breeding water, in the control plot where no pH adjuster was administered, the pH decreased with the progress of the cultivation at a rate of about 0.1 / month from the initial 6.8. In the test plot, the pH was maintained at 6.8 at the beginning of the cultivation for 4 months after the administration of the pH adjuster, and then decreased for about 2 months at a rate of about 0.1 / month, but finally 6.7. It can be seen that the pH was maintained within a certain range from the beginning of the cultivation.
Regarding the soundness of aquaculture, the incidence of bone bending disease in the control plot was 11% in the removed sputum, but it was halved to 5% in the test plot. Shows that the aquaculture effect was demonstrated.
（既存施設を用いたテスト３）
愛知県一色市に設置されている既存施設（原水として河川水を使用）をテスト区と対照区に区分し、下記の要領でテスト２を実行した。
1)養殖期間：平成２４年２月１日〜同年１１月１日
2)テスト区へのｐＨ調整材の投与実施日と投与量：同年６月１日に１００ｇ／ｍ２
3)ｐＨ調整材の組成：水酸化マグネシウム（９９重量％）と不可避成分
4)稚魚の池入れ：同年２月５日
5)成魚の取出し：同年１１月１日
6)分養：必要に応じて実行
7)既存施設内の飼育水のｐＨの変化：図３の通りに変化した。
8)結果：飼育水のｐＨについては、ｐＨ調整材を投与しない対照区においては、養殖開始後２箇月間は当初の値に維持され、その後養殖の経過とともにｐＨが養殖当初の６．８から約０．１／月強の割合で低下しているが、テスト区においては養殖開始後１箇月間は当初の値に維持され、その後養殖の経過とともにｐＨが養殖当初の６．８から約０．１／月強の割合で低下しているが、ｐＨ調整材の投与後４カ月間はｐＨが養殖当初の６．８に上昇し、その後最終的には６．７に維持されたので、ｐＨ調整材を投与することによりｐＨが養殖当初の値に回復して一定範囲内に維持されたことがわかる。
鰻の養殖の健全性については、取出された鰻において、対照区の骨曲がり病発生率が１３％であったものが、テスト区においては１０％と低減しており、本発明による鰻の健全は養殖効果が発揮されたことがわかる。
(Test 3 using existing facilities)
The existing facility (using river water as raw water) installed in Isshiki City, Aichi Prefecture was divided into a test zone and a control zone, and Test 2 was performed as follows.
1) Aquaculture period: February 1, 2012-November 1, 2012
2) Date and dose of administration of pH adjuster to test area: 100 g / m 2 on June 1 of the same year
3) Composition of pH adjuster: Magnesium hydroxide (99% by weight) and inevitable ingredients
4) Pond for fry: February 5
5) Removal of adult fish: November 1
6) Feeding: Run as needed
7) Change in pH of breeding water in existing facilities: Changed as shown in FIG.
8) Result: The pH of the breeding water was maintained at the initial value for 2 months after the start of the cultivation in the control group to which the pH adjusting material was not administered. Although it is decreasing at a rate of about 0.1 / month, in the test area, it is maintained at the initial value for one month after the start of the culture, and then the pH is about 0 from 6.8 at the start of the culture. Although it has decreased at a rate of just over 1 / month, the pH rose to 6.8 at the beginning of the cultivation for 4 months after administration of the pH adjuster, and finally maintained at 6.7. It can be seen that by administering the pH adjusting material, the pH was restored to the initial value of the culture and maintained within a certain range.
Regarding the soundness of the aquaculture, the occurrence of bone bending disease in the control plot was 13% in the removed sputum, but it was reduced to 10% in the test plot. Shows that the aquaculture effect was demonstrated.
以上のテスト１〜３より、ｐＨ調整材を飼育水中に散布することにより、ｐＨが養殖当初の６．８の近傍に養殖当初から一定範囲内に維持されて、ｐＨが安定し、朝、晩のｐＨの変動が少なくなることにより、飼育環境が安定しうなぎへの負荷が低減されることがわかる。これにより鰻の骨曲がり症の発生率が低減されていると考えられる。 From the above tests 1 to 3, by dispersing the pH adjusting material in the breeding water, the pH is maintained within a certain range from the beginning of the cultivation in the vicinity of 6.8 at the beginning of the cultivation, the pH is stabilized, and the morning and evening It can be seen that, by reducing the fluctuation of the pH, the breeding environment is stable and the load on the eel is reduced. This is thought to reduce the incidence of heel bone bending.
更に、鰻の養殖における骨曲がり病は鰻を出荷時に養殖施設より取出した際に初めて発見することができるものであり、歩留まりが高いことの効果は極めて優れたものである。 Furthermore, the bone bending disease in the cultivation of salmon can only be detected when the salmon is taken out from the aquaculture facility at the time of shipment, and the effect of high yield is extremely excellent.
また、本発明は前記実施の形態および実施例に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて変更することができる。 Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and can be changed as necessary.
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| CN109007454A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽瀚沣渔业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fishery cultivating is beneficial to cenobium bait |
| CN114391493A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-26 | 佛山市顺德区活宝源生物科技有限公司 | Method for catching micropterus salmoides |
| CN115191388A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 唐人神集团股份有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method |
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| JP2002360114A (en) * | 2001-06-04 | 2002-12-17 | Washi Kosan Co Ltd | Water storage circulation type fish farm using bacterium carrier |
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| CN109007453A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽瀚沣渔业科技发展有限公司 | It is a kind of improve yield fishery beneficial to cenobium bait |
| CN109007454A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2018-12-18 | 安徽瀚沣渔业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fishery cultivating is beneficial to cenobium bait |
| CN114391493A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-04-26 | 佛山市顺德区活宝源生物科技有限公司 | Method for catching micropterus salmoides |
| CN115191388A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-18 | 唐人神集团股份有限公司 | Mandarin fish culture facility and culture method |
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