JP2013522511A - シームレス音響ライナー - Google Patents
シームレス音響ライナー Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2013522511A JP2013522511A JP2012555479A JP2012555479A JP2013522511A JP 2013522511 A JP2013522511 A JP 2013522511A JP 2012555479 A JP2012555479 A JP 2012555479A JP 2012555479 A JP2012555479 A JP 2012555479A JP 2013522511 A JP2013522511 A JP 2013522511A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sound absorbing
- surface layer
- absorbing layer
- drilling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/283—Three-dimensional patterned honeycomb
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
− 複合材料ラミネートをレイアップ(載置、積層)して表面層を形成するステップと、
− ほぼ大気圧に等しいか又は大気圧より大きな第一の重合圧力で、ラミネートを重合して実質的に連続的な表面層を形成する第一の重合ステップと、
− 重合された表面層上に吸音層をレイアップするステップと、
− 吸音層上に複合材料ラミネートをレイアップしてバッキング層を形成するステップと、
− 第二の重合圧力で複合音響パネルを重合する第二の重合ステップと、
− 複数の位置でかつ前もって決められた深さまで表面層を穿孔する穿孔ステップとを有している。
(i) 最終的に湾曲したコンポーネントに対して表面シートに透過性を付与する孔を正確に位置決めすることができる。かかる部材を形成する前に表面シートを前もって穿孔すると、パネルをレイアップおよび硬化する間、孔を最終音響パネルに正確に(吸音層のセルに対し)位置決めすることができない。
(ii) 表面シート全体に孔を正確かつ一様に形成することができる。表面シート全体に形成される孔の直径および一様性に対する厳しい許容範囲を達成することができる。さらに、この段階で表面シートを穿孔することにより、孔を所望の角度、たとえば表面シートの表面に対して直角に正確に形成することが可能となる。別個の孔をそれらのエッジが平行になるように形成することが可能となり、このことにより、音響性能がさらに最適化される。
(iii) レイアッププロセスの間に塗布された接着剤を穿孔プロセス時に取り除くことにより、孔のすべてが開いてハニカム層が露出されることを担保することができるようになる。
(iv) 重合ステップの間のいかなる変形にも対処することができる。さらに重要なことは、前もって穿孔されている膜を所望の形状に形成することに起因する孔形状の変形を回避することができ、音響性能が向上する。
(v) レイアップ時のいかなる誤りにも対処し、音響性能をさらに最適化することができる。
表面シートの所望の透過性については、与えられた音響用途およびエンジンに対して前もって決めることができる。このことは、実験を通じて行われてもよいし、または、音響モデルを用いて行われてもよい。この決定により、与えられたエンジン設計に対する表面シート内の孔のサイズ、位置および分布が決まる。
A− 第一の穿孔位置で、シームレス表面層に対して穿孔装置を位置合わせするステップと、
B− 穿孔装置を動作状態にして表面シート全体を通して少なくとも1つの孔を形成する穿孔ステップと、
C− 音響パネルおよび穿孔装置を前もって決められた量だけ相対的に移動させて穿孔装置を次の穿孔位置に位置合わせするステップと、
D− 所望の孔分配パターンが達成されるまでステップBおよびステップCを繰り返すステップとを有する。
A− 式 h=t+ε
この式で、hが総穿孔深さ、
tが表面シートの厚さ、
εが吸音層の中の穿孔深さ、
によって穿孔深さhを前もって決めるステップと、
B− 表面層の表面における孔と孔との間隔および孔分布パターンを前もって決めるステップと、
C− 表面層と穿孔装置とを一直線に並べるステップと、
D− 表面層を前もって決められた穿孔深さhまで穿孔するステップと、
E− 穿孔装置に対して音響パネルを移動させて穿孔装置を次の穿孔位置に位置合わせするステップと、
F− 表面層の所望の部分が穿孔されるまでステップDおよびステップEを繰り返すステップとを有する。
ステップ1−表面シートの形成および重合。
選択肢A−オートクレーブ条件下での熱硬化(重合)
オートクレーブ条件下では、高い圧力および温度が必要となり、また、これらにより、コンポーネントを製造するための単位原価が著しく上昇することになる。図6には、表面シートの典型的な硬化時間が示されている。真空は、図5に示されているナイロン製真空バッグ(507)にひかれる真空を示しており、また、縦軸は表面シートを硬化するための温度および時間に関する座標を示している。硬化は85psiと100psiとの間で行われる。
選択肢B−アウトオブオートクレーブ条件の下での熱硬化(重合)
アウトオブオートクレーブ条件下での硬化は、周囲条件下、すなわち大気条件下で動作するオーブンを用いて達成される。いうまでもなく、このことにより、表面シートを製造するための単位原価を削減することができる。図7には、アウトオブオートクレーブ条件での表面シートの硬化温度分布が示されている。
g=d+t
である。ドリルにより穿孔する深さ(穿孔深さ)hは
h=t+ε
により求められる。この式で、hは総穿孔深さであり、tは表面層の厚みであり、εは吸音層の中の穿孔深さである。
h<g
が満たされなければならない。
EP1767325には、チューブ状の複合構造体を製造する方法および装置が開示されている。FR22927271には、針の音響部を分割する方法が開示されている。
Claims (35)
- 透過性の表面層、非透過性のバッキング層、およびそれらの間に配置される吸音層を備えている複合音響パネルを製造する方法であって、
− 複合材料ラミネートをレイアップして表面層を形成するステップと、
− ほぼ大気圧に等しいか又は大気圧より大きい第一の重合圧力で、前記ラミネートを重合して実質的に連続的な表面層を形成する第一の重合ステップと、
− 重合された前記表面層に吸音層をレイアップするステップと、
− 前記吸音層に複合材料ラミネートをレイアップしてバッキング層を形成するステップと、
− 第二の重合圧力で前記複合音響パネルを重合する第二の重合ステップと、
− 複数の位置でかつ前もって決められた深さまで前記表面層を穿孔する穿孔ステップと
を有する方法。 - シームレスの表面層、非透過性のバッキング層、およびそれらの間に配設される吸音層を備えた複合音響パネルにおける表面層に前もって決められた孔分布パターンに従って穿孔する方法であって、
A− 第一の穿孔位置で前記シームレスの表面層に対して穿孔装置を位置合わせするステップと、
B− 前記穿孔装置を動作状態にして前記表面層の全体を通じて少なくとも1つの孔を形成する穿孔ステップと、
C− 前記音響パネルおよび前記穿孔装置を前もって決められた量だけ相対的に移動させて前記穿孔装置を次の穿孔位置に位置合わせするステップと、
D− 所望の前記孔分配パターンが達成されるまでステップBおよびステップCを繰り返すステップと
を有する方法。 - 第一の重合ステップがオートクレーブ内で実行され、第二の重合ステップがアウトオブオートクレーブで実行される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 第一の重合ステップがアウトオブオートクレーブで実行され、第二の重合ステップもアウトオブオートクレーブで実行される、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 第二の重合圧力が大気圧であるかまたは1バールと1.5バールとの間である、請求項1乃至4のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 第一の重合圧力が1バールと1.5バールとの間である、請求項1乃至5のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層、前記非透過性のバッキング層および前記吸音層をそれぞれレイアップして前もって決められているエンジン吸気口の形状に対応したおおむねシリンダ形状またはバレル形状に形成する、請求項1乃至6のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層を組み立て式マンドレルのまわりにレイアップする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層を先細状のマンドレルのまわりにレイアップすることにより、前記重合された部材を軸方向に沿ってそこから抜き出すことを可能とする、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記吸音層を前記重合された表面層上にレイアップする前に、前記重合された表面層に接着剤層がさらに設けられる、請求項1乃至9のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記バッキング層を前記吸音層上にレイアップする前に、前記吸音層に接着剤層がさらに設けられる、請求項1乃至10のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層のまわりに延設される前記吸音層の端部同士を結合して連続的/シームレスな吸音層を形成するように、前記吸音層を前記重合された表面層上にレイアップする、請求項1乃至11のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記吸音層が、ハニカム構造を有する複数の離散的な空胴またはセルによって形成される、請求項1乃至12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記セルがそれぞれ隔壁を有する、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記隔壁が、前記表面層に向かって延びるリムまたはテイルを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記隔壁が、前記バッキング層に向かって延びるリムまたはテイルを有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記吸音層が、金属製の発泡体またはアルミニウム製のハニカム構造体により形成される、請求項1乃至12のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層と前記吸音層との間および/または前記吸音層と前記バッキング層との間に電気絶縁層が配設される、請求項1乃至17のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔が、複数のドリルスピンドルを有するドリルヘッドによって形成される、請求項1乃至18のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔が、前記表面層を形成するために用いられる材料を貫通するように構成されたレーザーによって形成される、請求項1乃至18のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記レーザーが、複数の孔を同時に形成することを可能とするように構成されたビームスプリッタをさらに備える、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層が、前記音響パネルを受け入れて固定するように構成されている回転部材により前記穿孔装置に対して移動される、請求項1乃至21のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔の直径が50ミクロン〜1.6mmまでの範囲である、請求項20乃至22のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記表面層が1%と35%との間にある開口パーセントを有する、請求項1乃至23のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔は、前記テイルが前記バッキング層に向かって延びる前記隔壁の位置に対応する最大深さまで前記吸音層の中へと延びるかまたは前記隔壁が前記表面層に向かって延びる前記隔壁の前記テイルの位置に対応する最大深さまで前記吸音層の中へと延びる、請求項1乃至24のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔が、前記吸音層の前記セルの少なくとも1つの壁であって、隣接するセルの間の境界を形成する壁に一致して並ぶように構成されている、請求項1乃至25のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記孔が、前記吸音層を形成する各セルの壁の少なくとも1部と一致して並ぶように構成される、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 実質的に連続的な表面層、非透過性のバッキング層、およびそれらの間に配設され、複数の離散的なセルを有するハニカム構造の吸音層を有している音響パネルを穿孔する方法であって、
A− 式 h=t+ε
hが総穿孔深さ、
tが前記表面層の厚さ、
εが前記吸音層の中の穿孔深さ、
によって総穿孔深さhを前もって決めるステップと、
B− 前記表面層の表面における孔と孔との間隔および孔分布パターンを前もって決めるステップと、
C− 前記表面層に対して穿孔装置を位置合わせするステップと、
D− 前記表面層を前もって決められた前記穿孔深さhまで穿孔する穿孔ステップと、
E− 前記穿孔装置に対して前記音響パネルを移動させて前記穿孔装置を次の穿孔位置に位置合わせするステップと、
F− 前記表面層の所望の部分を穿孔するまでステップDおよびステップEを繰り返すステップと
を有する方法。 - 前記吸音層が隔壁のない単一層の空洞または金属製の発泡体であり、前記吸音層の中の穿孔深さであるεが0.5mmと1mmとの間である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記吸音層が、ハニカム壁に接合される二重層の隔壁であり、前記吸音層の中の穿孔深さであるεが0.5mmと5mmとの間である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記穿孔ステップおよび前もって決められた前記分布が前記穿孔ステップの開始位置とは関係なく前記表面層に適用される、請求項1乃至30のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1乃至31のうちのいずれか一項に記載の方法によって製造される複合構造体であって、
重合された透過性の表面層と、
非透過性のバッキング層と、
前記表面層と前記バッキング層との間に配設される吸音層と
を備えてなる、複合構造体。 - 請求項32に記載の複合構造体を備えるコンポーネントであって、前記コンポーネントが航空機のエンジンである、コンポーネント。
- 添付の図面を参照して本明細書に実質的に記載されている方法。
- 添付の図面を参照して本明細書に実質的に記載されている複合構造体。
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JP5822851B2 (ja) | 2015-11-25 |
GB2478312B (en) | 2012-08-22 |
ES2628957T3 (es) | 2017-08-04 |
EP2542401B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
BR112012021788A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
GB2478312A (en) | 2011-09-07 |
GB201003487D0 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
CA2791633A1 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
US9273631B2 (en) | 2016-03-01 |
US20130075193A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
WO2011107733A2 (en) | 2011-09-09 |
EP2542401A2 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
WO2011107733A3 (en) | 2012-01-12 |
CN102883872A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
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