JP2013199237A - Air conditioning device for vehicle - Google Patents

Air conditioning device for vehicle Download PDF

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JP2013199237A
JP2013199237A JP2012069605A JP2012069605A JP2013199237A JP 2013199237 A JP2013199237 A JP 2013199237A JP 2012069605 A JP2012069605 A JP 2012069605A JP 2012069605 A JP2012069605 A JP 2012069605A JP 2013199237 A JP2013199237 A JP 2013199237A
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water
refrigerant
cooling water
heat
cooling
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JP5248692B1 (en
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Yoshitoshi Noda
圭俊 野田
Tomohiro Terada
智裕 寺田
Katsushi Taniguchi
勝志 谷口
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Panasonic Corp
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Panasonic Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air conditioning device of a vehicle that can promptly and highly efficiently heat or cool the vehicle with an easy technique even at extremely-low temperature or at vehicle high temperature.SOLUTION: An air conditioning device for a vehicle includes heat pumps (10, 13, 14, 16) that compress and expand a refrigerant to provide heat exchange and thereby transfer heat between the outside of the vehicle and a cabin; a water-refrigerant heat exchanger (14) that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and cooling water; a water-temperature adjusting container (20) that comes close to a channel of the cooling water and in which a heated object or a cooled object can be arranged; circulation means (18, 19) for circulating the cooling water between the water-refrigerant heat exchanger and the water-temperature adjusting container.

Description

本発明は、車両に搭載される車両用空調装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner mounted on a vehicle.

内燃式エンジンのみで駆動する自動車(ICEV:Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle)では、エンジンで大きな熱が発生するため、この熱を取り込むことで車室内の暖房を十分に行うことができる。一方、電気自動車(EV:Electric Vehicle)では、エンジンのように大きな熱を発生する機構がない。また、ハイブリッド電気自動車(HEV:Hybrid Electric Vehicle)では、エンジンの作動が特定の状況に制限される場合があり、そのため、エンジンから十分な熱を取り込めない期間が生じる。よって、近年では、電気自動車またはハイブリッド電気自動車に搭載される車両用空調装置として、ヒートポンプを用いて車室内の暖房を行う構成が検討されている。   In an automobile driven only by an internal combustion engine (ICEV: Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle), a large amount of heat is generated in the engine, so that the vehicle interior can be sufficiently heated by taking in this heat. On the other hand, an electric vehicle (EV) does not have a mechanism for generating large heat unlike an engine. Further, in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), the operation of the engine may be restricted to a specific situation, and therefore, a period in which sufficient heat cannot be taken from the engine occurs. Therefore, in recent years, a configuration in which a vehicle interior is heated using a heat pump has been studied as a vehicle air conditioner mounted on an electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle.

また、本願発明に関連する技術として、特許文献1には、ヒートポンプを用いて電気自動車の冷暖房を行う空調装置において、夜間の充電中に蓄冷又は蓄熱を行っておき、空調運転中に蓄冷又は蓄熱された水を利用して空調運転の補助を行う構成が開示されている。   In addition, as a technology related to the present invention, Patent Document 1 discloses that in an air conditioner that cools and heats an electric vehicle using a heat pump, cold storage or heat storage is performed during charging at night, and cold storage or heat storage is performed during air conditioning operation. The structure which assists an air-conditioning driving | operation using the produced water is disclosed.

特開平05−330331号公報JP 05-330331 A

ヒートポンプを利用した空調装置では、極低温時に暖房運転の始動に非常に長い時間がかかるという課題がある。この課題は、冷媒が極低温になることで、冷媒のガス圧が低下して圧縮器において冷媒を大きな圧力で圧縮することができず、冷媒の温度および圧力がなかなか上昇しないために生じる。或いは、冷媒が極低温になることで、圧縮器内に留まっていた冷媒が液化してしまい圧縮器を通常動作させることができないために生じる。   In an air conditioner using a heat pump, there is a problem that it takes a very long time to start a heating operation at an extremely low temperature. This problem occurs because the refrigerant has a very low temperature, the refrigerant gas pressure decreases, the compressor cannot compress the refrigerant at a large pressure, and the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant do not increase easily. Or it is because the refrigerant | coolant which remained in the compressor liquefies because a refrigerant | coolant becomes very low temperature, and a compressor cannot be normally operated.

また、ヒートポンプを利用した空調装置では、日射等により車両温度が非常に高くなっている場合に、冷房運転を開始してから冷気が得られるまでに比較的に長い時間がかかるという課題がある。このような課題は、冷媒のガス圧および温度が適切な範囲から外れてしまい、ヒートポンプの効率が低下することで生じる。この場合、冷媒の温度が適切な温度に下がるまで時間がかかる。   Moreover, in the air conditioner using a heat pump, when the vehicle temperature is very high due to solar radiation or the like, there is a problem that it takes a relatively long time until the cool air is obtained after the cooling operation is started. Such a problem arises because the gas pressure and temperature of the refrigerant deviate from appropriate ranges and the efficiency of the heat pump is reduced. In this case, it takes time until the temperature of the refrigerant falls to an appropriate temperature.

また、特許文献1の技術では、充電中に蓄冷又は蓄熱された水を利用することで、ヒートポンプの冷房または暖房の運転を補助することができる。しかしながら、特許文献1の技術でも、蓄冷又は蓄熱が足りない場合、水に蓄えられた冷熱又は熱が使い尽くされた場合、冷熱または熱が使用前に放熱してしまった場合に、上記の課題に対処することができない。   Moreover, in the technique of patent document 1, the operation | movement of the cooling or heating of a heat pump can be assisted by utilizing the water stored cold or stored during charge. However, even in the technique of Patent Document 1, when the cold storage or the heat storage is insufficient, the cold or the heat stored in the water is used up, or the cold or the heat is dissipated before use, the above problem Can not cope with.

本発明の目的は、極低温時又は車両高温時でも、手軽な方法で車両の暖房または冷房を速やかに且つ高効率に行うことのできる車両用空調を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that can quickly and efficiently perform heating or cooling of a vehicle by an easy method even at an extremely low temperature or a high temperature of the vehicle.

本発明の一態様に係る車両用空調装置は、冷媒を圧縮および膨張させて熱交換させることで車外と車室内との間で熱を移動させるヒートポンプと、前記冷媒と冷却水との間で熱を交換する水冷媒熱交換器と、前記冷却水の流路に近接させて加熱物又は冷却物が配置可能にされた水温度調整用容器と、前記水冷媒熱交換器と前記水温度調整用容器との間で前記冷却水を循環させる循環手段と、を具備する構成を採る。   An air conditioner for a vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention includes a heat pump that transfers heat between the outside of the vehicle and the vehicle interior by compressing and expanding the refrigerant to exchange heat, and heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water. A water-refrigerant heat exchanger for exchanging water, a water temperature adjusting container in which a heating object or a cooling object can be arranged close to the flow path of the cooling water, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the water temperature adjusting And a circulating means for circulating the cooling water between the container and the container.

本発明によれば、水温度調整用容器に加熱物または冷却物を配置することで、冷却水を介して冷媒を加熱又は冷却することができる。よって、極低温時又は車両高温時でも、手軽な方法で車両の暖房または冷房を速やかに且つ効率良く行うことができる。   According to the present invention, the refrigerant can be heated or cooled via the cooling water by disposing the heating object or the cooling object in the water temperature adjusting container. Therefore, even when the temperature is extremely low or the vehicle temperature is high, heating or cooling of the vehicle can be performed quickly and efficiently by an easy method.

本発明の実施の形態1の車両用空調装置の構成を示す図The figure which shows the structure of the vehicle air conditioner of Embodiment 1 of this invention. 水温度調整用タンクの構成を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the structure of the tank for water temperature adjustment 水温度調整用タンクのカートリッジの変形例を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the modification of the cartridge of the tank for water temperature adjustment 本発明の実施の形態2の車両用空調装置における暖房運転時の状態を示す図The figure which shows the state at the time of the heating operation in the vehicle air conditioner of Embodiment 2 of this invention. 実施の形態2の車両用空調装置における冷房運転時の状態を示す図The figure which shows the state at the time of air_conditionaing | cooling operation in the vehicle air conditioner of Embodiment 2. FIG. オリフィス付電磁弁の作用を説明する図Diagram explaining action of solenoid valve with orifice

以下、本発明の各実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(実施の形態1)
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1の車両用空調装置の構成図である。
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

実施の形態1の車両用空調装置は、図1に示すように、室内熱交換器10、室内熱交換用ファン11、膨張弁13、水冷媒熱交換器14、アキュムレータ15、コンプレッサ8、四方弁9および冷媒の配管12、室外熱交換器16、室外熱交換用ファン17、冷却水ポンプ18、水温度調整用タンク(水温度調整用容器に相当)20、冷却水(例えばLLC:Long Life Coolant)の配管19等を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 includes an indoor heat exchanger 10, an indoor heat exchange fan 11, an expansion valve 13, a water refrigerant heat exchanger 14, an accumulator 15, a compressor 8, and a four-way valve. 9 and a refrigerant pipe 12, an outdoor heat exchanger 16, an outdoor heat exchange fan 17, a cooling water pump 18, a water temperature adjusting tank (corresponding to a water temperature adjusting container) 20, cooling water (for example, LLC: Long Life Coolant ) Piping 19 and the like.

これらの構成のうち、コンプレッサ8、室内熱交換器10、膨張弁13、水冷媒熱交換器14および四方弁9が、ヒートポンプを構成している。また、冷却水ポンプ18および配管19が循環手段に相当する。   Among these configurations, the compressor 8, the indoor heat exchanger 10, the expansion valve 13, the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14, and the four-way valve 9 constitute a heat pump. Further, the cooling water pump 18 and the pipe 19 correspond to the circulation means.

コンプレッサ8は、低圧の冷媒を、高温且つ高圧の冷媒に圧縮する。膨張弁13は、放熱された高圧の冷媒を、低温且つ低圧の冷媒に膨張させる。四方弁9は、電気的な駆動により配管12内の冷媒の流れの向きを逆転させる。アキュムレータ15は、液相の冷媒と気相の冷媒を分離して気相の冷媒をコンプレッサ8に供給する。   The compressor 8 compresses the low-pressure refrigerant into a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant. The expansion valve 13 expands the radiated high-pressure refrigerant into a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant. The four-way valve 9 reverses the direction of the refrigerant flow in the pipe 12 by electrical drive. The accumulator 15 separates the liquid-phase refrigerant and the gas-phase refrigerant and supplies the gas-phase refrigerant to the compressor 8.

室内熱交換器10は、内部に冷媒を流すとともに、室内熱交換用ファン11の送風を受けて、冷媒と空気との間で熱の交換を行う。熱交換後の空気は車室内へ送られる。室内熱交換器10には、四方弁9の切替により、暖房運転時に高温且つ高圧の冷媒が流され、冷房運転時に低温且つ低圧の冷媒が流される。それにより、室内熱交換器10は、暖房運転時に車室内へ送られる風を加熱し、冷房運転時に車室内へ送られる風を冷却する。   The indoor heat exchanger 10 causes the refrigerant to flow inside, receives air from the indoor heat exchange fan 11, and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the air. The air after heat exchange is sent into the passenger compartment. By switching the four-way valve 9, a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows through the indoor heat exchanger 10 during the heating operation, and a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows during the cooling operation. Thereby, the indoor heat exchanger 10 heats the wind sent into the vehicle interior during the heating operation, and cools the wind sent into the vehicle interior during the cooling operation.

水冷媒熱交換器14は、内部の2つの流路に冷媒と冷却水とをそれぞれ流して、冷媒と冷却水との間で熱を交換させる。水冷媒熱交換器14の内部において、冷媒と冷却水とは、熱伝導性の高い仕切りを挟んで分け隔てられた状態で流され、熱のみを交換することができる。水冷媒熱交換器14には、四方弁9の切替により、暖房運転時に低温且つ低圧の冷媒が流され、冷房運転時に高温且つ高圧の冷媒が流される。それにより、水冷媒熱交換器14では、暖房運転時に冷却水から冷媒へ熱が移動し、冷房運転時に冷媒から冷却水へ熱が移動する。   The water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 causes the refrigerant and the cooling water to flow through the two internal flow paths, and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water. Inside the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14, the refrigerant and the cooling water are flowed in a state of being separated with a partition having high thermal conductivity, and only heat can be exchanged. By switching the four-way valve 9, a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flows through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 during a heating operation, and a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows during a cooling operation. Thereby, in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14, heat is transferred from the cooling water to the refrigerant during the heating operation, and heat is transferred from the refrigerant to the cooling water during the cooling operation.

室外熱交換器16は、内部に冷却水を流すとともに、室外熱交換用ファン17の送風を受けて、冷却水と空気との間で熱の交換を行う。室外熱交換器16には、上記の水冷媒熱交換器14の作用により、暖房運転時には低温の冷却水が流れて空気から冷却水へ熱を吸収させ、冷房運転時には高温の冷却水が流れて冷却水から空気へ熱を放出させる。熱交換後の空気は車外へ排出される。   The outdoor heat exchanger 16 allows cooling water to flow inside, receives air from the outdoor heat exchange fan 17, and exchanges heat between the cooling water and air. Due to the action of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14, the outdoor heat exchanger 16 causes low-temperature cooling water to flow during heating operation and absorb heat from the air to the cooling water, and high-temperature cooling water flows during cooling operation. Heat is released from the cooling water to the air. The air after heat exchange is discharged outside the vehicle.

図2は、水温度調整用タンク20およびカートリッジ21を表わした斜視図を示す。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the water temperature adjusting tank 20 and the cartridge 21.

水温度調整用タンク20は、水冷媒熱交換器14に流れる冷却水に熱または冷熱(冷たい熱)を加えることが可能な容器である。水温度調整用タンク20は、カートリッジ21を殆ど隙間なく収容する収容部20aと、この収容部20aの周囲に冷却水を流す流路20bとを備えている。また、水温度調整用タンク20には、電熱器24が設けられ、電熱器24を作動させることで冷却水を加熱できる構成となっている。   The water temperature adjusting tank 20 is a container that can apply heat or cold (cold heat) to the cooling water flowing through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14. The water temperature adjusting tank 20 includes an accommodating portion 20a that accommodates the cartridge 21 with almost no gap, and a flow path 20b through which cooling water flows around the accommodating portion 20a. Further, the water temperature adjusting tank 20 is provided with an electric heater 24, and the cooling water can be heated by operating the electric heater 24.

カートリッジ21は、内部に蓄熱材を詰めて構成される。カートリッジ21は、冷蔵庫等で冷却して冷熱を蓄熱すること、並びに、加熱して熱を蓄熱することができる。   The cartridge 21 is configured by filling a heat storage material therein. The cartridge 21 can be cooled by a refrigerator or the like to store cold energy, and can be heated to store heat.

カートリッジ21および収容部20aの形状は、体積と比較して表面積が大きくなるように平たいブロック形状にされている。   The shape of the cartridge 21 and the accommodating portion 20a is a flat block shape so that the surface area is larger than the volume.

水温度調整用タンク20の収容部20aの内面すなわち流路20bの一側面でカートリッジ21と接触する面は、熱伝導性の高い材質により構成すると好ましい。また、カードリッジ21の側面は熱伝導性の高い材質により構成すると好ましい。   The inner surface of the accommodating portion 20a of the water temperature adjusting tank 20, that is, the surface contacting the cartridge 21 on one side surface of the flow path 20b is preferably made of a material having high thermal conductivity. Moreover, it is preferable that the side surface of the cartridge 21 is made of a material having high thermal conductivity.

図3には、カートリッジの変形例を表わした斜視図を示す。   FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a modified example of the cartridge.

水温度調整用タンク20には、図3のカートリッジ22が備わっていてもよい。このカートリッジ22は、やかんK等からお湯又は氷水等を投入可能な投入口22aと、投入された物を収める空間22bとを有する容器である。空間22bと外面との間には、蓄熱材が詰められていてもよい。   The water temperature adjusting tank 20 may include the cartridge 22 shown in FIG. The cartridge 22 is a container having an insertion port 22a into which hot water or ice water or the like can be introduced from a kettle K or the like, and a space 22b for storing the introduced item. A heat storage material may be packed between the space 22b and the outer surface.

このカートリッジ22の形状も、水温度調整用タンク20の収容部20aに対応させて平たいブロック形状にされている。また、カードリッジ22の側面の部材は熱伝導性の高い材質により構成すると好ましい。   The shape of the cartridge 22 is also a flat block shape corresponding to the accommodating portion 20 a of the water temperature adjusting tank 20. Further, the side member of the card ridge 22 is preferably made of a material having high thermal conductivity.

[極低温時の暖房運転]
次に、本実施の形態1の車両用空調装置における極低温時の最適な暖房運転の始動方法について説明する。
[Heating operation at extremely low temperatures]
Next, a description will be given of an optimal heating operation start method at a cryogenic temperature in the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment.

極低温時に暖房運転を開始する場合、ユーザは、加熱したカートリッジ21またはお湯を投入したカートリッジ22を水温度調整用タンク20に入れて暖房運転を開始させる。急な運転時であってもお湯であれば手軽に手に入れることができる。また、カートリッジ21の加熱、又は、お湯の入手ができない場合には、水温度調整用タンク20の電熱器24を一定時間オンさせて暖房運転を開始する。   When starting the heating operation at an extremely low temperature, the user puts the heated cartridge 21 or the cartridge 22 into which hot water has been added into the water temperature adjusting tank 20 to start the heating operation. You can easily get hot water even during sudden driving. When the cartridge 21 is not heated or hot water is not available, the heater 24 of the water temperature adjusting tank 20 is turned on for a certain period of time to start the heating operation.

暖房運転の開始により、冷却水ポンプ18と室外熱交換用ファン17とが作動して、配管19内に冷却水が流れる。このとき、冷却水は、水温度調整用タンク20で加熱されつつ、水冷媒熱交換器14で冷媒と熱交換を行う。   When the heating operation is started, the cooling water pump 18 and the outdoor heat exchange fan 17 are operated, and the cooling water flows in the pipe 19. At this time, the cooling water exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 14 while being heated in the water temperature adjusting tank 20.

また、暖房運転の開始により、コンプレッサ8と、室内熱交換用ファン11とが作動して、冷媒が配管12内を流れ始める。このとき、冷媒は、水冷媒熱交換器14で加熱された冷却水と熱交換することで、比較的に速やかに冷媒の温度およびガス圧が上昇していく。これにより、コンプレッサ8で効率的な冷媒の圧縮動作が可能となり、速やかに冷媒を高温且つ高圧にして車室内へ温風を送ることができる。   In addition, when the heating operation is started, the compressor 8 and the indoor heat exchange fan 11 are operated, and the refrigerant starts to flow through the pipe 12. At this time, the refrigerant heat-exchanges with the cooling water heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14, whereby the refrigerant temperature and gas pressure rise relatively quickly. Accordingly, the compressor 8 can efficiently perform the refrigerant compression operation, and can quickly bring the refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure to send warm air into the vehicle interior.

[高温時の冷房運転]
次いで、本実施の形態1の車両用空調装置における車両高温時の最適な冷房運転の始動方法について説明する。
[Cooling operation at high temperature]
Next, an optimal method for starting the cooling operation at the time of high vehicle temperature in the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment will be described.

高温時に冷房運転を開始する場合、ユーザは、冷却したカートリッジ21または氷水を投入したカートリッジ22を水温度調整用タンク20に入れて冷房運転を開始させる。急な運転時であっても氷または水であれば比較的に手軽に手に入れることができる。   When starting the cooling operation at a high temperature, the user puts the cooled cartridge 21 or the cartridge 22 into which the ice water is charged into the water temperature adjusting tank 20 to start the cooling operation. Even during sudden driving, ice or water can be obtained relatively easily.

冷房運転の開始により、冷却水ポンプ18と室外熱交換用ファン17とが作動して、冷却水が配管19内を流れる。このとき、冷却水は、水温度調整用タンク20で冷却されつつ、水冷媒熱交換器14で冷媒と熱交換を行う。   With the start of the cooling operation, the cooling water pump 18 and the outdoor heat exchange fan 17 are operated, and the cooling water flows in the pipe 19. At this time, the cooling water is heat-exchanged with the refrigerant in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 while being cooled in the water temperature adjusting tank 20.

また、暖房運転の開始により、コンプレッサ8と、室内熱交換用ファン11とが作動して、冷媒が配管12内を流れ始める。このとき、冷媒は、水冷媒熱交換器14で冷却された冷却水と熱交換することで、比較的に速やかに温度が低下していく。これにより、冷媒のガス圧および温度が適切な範囲に収まって、ヒートポンプの高効率な動作が可能となる。よって、ヒートポンプの冷媒を、室内熱交換器10の手前で速やかに低温且つ低圧にして車室内へ冷風を送ることができる。   In addition, when the heating operation is started, the compressor 8 and the indoor heat exchange fan 11 are operated, and the refrigerant starts to flow through the pipe 12. At this time, the temperature of the refrigerant decreases relatively quickly by exchanging heat with the cooling water cooled by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14. Thereby, the gas pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are within an appropriate range, and the heat pump can be operated with high efficiency. Therefore, the refrigerant of the heat pump can be quickly made low temperature and low pressure before the indoor heat exchanger 10 to send cold air into the vehicle interior.

以上のように、実施の形態1の車両用空調装置によれば、水温度調整用タンク20を利用して冷却水を加熱または冷却することで、極低温時または車両高温時でも車両の暖房または冷房を速やかに且つ高効率に行うことができる。また、冷却水の加熱または冷却は、水温度調整用タンク20に加熱または冷却されたカートリッジ21,22を装着するだけなので、急な運転時でも手軽に対応することができる。例えば、蓄熱材が詰め込まれたカートリッジ21を使用するのであれば、予め加熱または冷却されたカートリッジ21を複数用意して対応することができる。また、カートリッジ21の用意がない場合でも、熱湯または氷水を投入したカートリッジ22を使用することで容易に対応することができる。   As described above, according to the vehicle air conditioner of the first embodiment, by using the water temperature adjusting tank 20 to heat or cool the cooling water, the vehicle can be heated or cooled even at extremely low temperatures or at high temperatures. Cooling can be performed quickly and efficiently. Further, the heating or cooling of the cooling water is simply performed by mounting the heated or cooled cartridges 21 and 22 in the water temperature adjusting tank 20, so that it can be easily handled even during a sudden operation. For example, if a cartridge 21 filled with a heat storage material is used, a plurality of cartridges 21 that are heated or cooled in advance can be prepared. Even when the cartridge 21 is not prepared, it can be easily handled by using the cartridge 22 charged with hot water or ice water.

(実施の形態2)
図4および図5には、本発明の実施の形態2の車両用空調装置の構成図を示す。図4は暖房運転時の状態を示し、図5は冷房運転時の状態を示している。
(Embodiment 2)
4 and 5 are configuration diagrams of the vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 4 shows a state during heating operation, and FIG. 5 shows a state during cooling operation.

実施の形態2の車両用空調装置は、実施の形態1の冷却水に係る構成(水冷媒熱交換器14、室外熱交換器16、室外熱交換用ファン17、冷却水ポンプ18、配管19、水温度調整用タンク20)を、実施の形態1と異なるヒートポンプ構成に適用した例である。実施の形態1と同様の構成については、同一の符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。   The vehicle air conditioner according to the second embodiment has a configuration related to the cooling water according to the first embodiment (water refrigerant heat exchanger 14, outdoor heat exchanger 16, outdoor heat exchange fan 17, cooling water pump 18, pipe 19, This is an example in which the water temperature adjusting tank 20) is applied to a heat pump configuration different from that of the first embodiment. About the structure similar to Embodiment 1, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

実施の形態2の車両用空調装置は、図4に示すように、水温度調整用タンク20を流れる冷却水(冷却水Bと記す)の流路とは別に、ヒーターコア150を流れる冷却水(冷却水Aと記す)の流路を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle air conditioner according to the second embodiment has cooling water (flowing through the heater core 150) separately from the flow path of cooling water (referred to as cooling water B) flowing through the water temperature adjusting tank 20. (Referred to as cooling water A).

実施の形態2の車両用空調装置は、オリフィス付電磁弁120と、水冷コンデンサ130と、コンプレッサ141と、アキュムレータ142と、開閉弁143と、膨張弁146と、ファン147と、エバポレータ148と、ヒートポンプの冷媒を流す配管149と、ヒーターコア(放熱部に相当)150と、冷暖切替ドア151と、送風路200と、冷却水ポンプ152と、冷却水Aを流す配管153とを備えている。また、実施の形態2の車両用空調装置は、実施の形態1と同様に、水冷媒熱交換器14、室外熱交換器16、室外熱交換用ファン17、冷却水ポンプ18、冷却水Bを流す配管19および水温度調整用タンク20を備えている。   The vehicle air conditioner of Embodiment 2 includes an electromagnetic valve with orifice 120, a water cooling condenser 130, a compressor 141, an accumulator 142, an on-off valve 143, an expansion valve 146, a fan 147, an evaporator 148, and a heat pump. , A heater core (corresponding to a heat radiating portion) 150, a cooling / heating switching door 151, an air passage 200, a cooling water pump 152, and a piping 153 for flowing cooling water A. Further, the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment in that the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14, the outdoor heat exchanger 16, the outdoor heat exchange fan 17, the cooling water pump 18, and the cooling water B are supplied. A flow pipe 19 and a water temperature adjusting tank 20 are provided.

送風路200は、車室内へ温度調整した空気を送る空気の流路であり、内部にファン147と、エバポレータ148と、ヒーターコア150と、冷暖切替ドア151とが配置されている。送風路200には、外気または外気と内気との混合空気が導入され、ファン147の静圧によって、この空気がエバポレータ148を通過して車室内へ送られる。送風路200内では、冷暖切替ドア151がヒーターコア150側の流路を開放していれば、空気がヒーターコア150を通過して流れ、冷暖切替ドア151がヒーターコア150側の流路を閉じていれば、空気はヒーターコア150を迂回して流れる。   The air blowing path 200 is an air flow path for sending temperature-adjusted air into the passenger compartment, and a fan 147, an evaporator 148, a heater core 150, and a cooling / heating switching door 151 are disposed therein. Outside air or mixed air of outside air and inside air is introduced into the air passage 200, and this air is sent to the vehicle interior through the evaporator 148 by the static pressure of the fan 147. If the cooling / heating switching door 151 opens the flow path on the heater core 150 side, the air flows through the heater core 150 and the cooling / heating switching door 151 closes the flow path on the heater core 150 side. If so, the air flows around the heater core 150.

ヒーターコア150は、内部に熱せられた冷却水Aを流し、且つ、複数のフィン式放熱板の間に空気を流すことによって、熱せられた冷却水Aから空気へ放熱する。ヒーターコア150は、暖房運転時には熱せられた冷却水Aが流れて通過する空気を加熱する。また、ヒーターコア150は、冷房運転時には冷却水Aが止められるか、或いは、冷暖切替ドア151が空気の通過を遮ることで、空気になんら作用を及ぼさない。   The heater core 150 radiates heat from the heated cooling water A to the air by flowing the cooling water A heated inside and flowing air between the plurality of fin-type heat radiation plates. The heater core 150 heats the air through which the heated cooling water A flows during the heating operation. Further, the heater core 150 does not have any effect on the air because the cooling water A is stopped during the cooling operation or the cooling / heating switching door 151 blocks the passage of the air.

エバポレータ148は、冷房運転時に、内部に低温且つ低圧の冷媒を流すとともに、ファン147からの送風を受けて空気を冷却する。エバポレータ148は、暖房運転時には後述するように冷媒が流れずに空気になんら作用を及ぼさない。   The evaporator 148 causes a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant to flow inside during cooling operation, and receives air from the fan 147 to cool the air. The evaporator 148 has no effect on the air because the refrigerant does not flow as described later during the heating operation.

コンプレッサ141は、低圧の冷媒を高温且つ高圧に圧縮する。アキュムレータ142は液相の冷媒と気相の冷媒とを分離して気相の冷媒をコンプレッサ141へ供給する。   The compressor 141 compresses the low-pressure refrigerant to a high temperature and a high pressure. The accumulator 142 separates the liquid-phase refrigerant and the gas-phase refrigerant and supplies the gas-phase refrigerant to the compressor 141.

膨張弁146は、冷房運転時に冷媒が通過して冷媒を膨張させる。   The expansion valve 146 expands the refrigerant through the passage of the refrigerant during the cooling operation.

開閉弁143は、暖房運転時に開にされ、冷房運転時に閉にされる。開閉弁143が開にされることで、冷媒は、膨張弁146を通過させずに、水冷媒熱交換器14から直接的にアキュムレータ142へ流れる。また、開閉弁143が閉にされることで、冷媒は、水冷媒熱交換器14から膨張弁146とエバポレータ148とを介してアキュムレータ142へ送られる。   The on-off valve 143 is opened during heating operation and closed during cooling operation. When the on-off valve 143 is opened, the refrigerant flows directly from the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14 to the accumulator 142 without passing through the expansion valve 146. In addition, when the on-off valve 143 is closed, the refrigerant is sent from the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14 to the accumulator 142 via the expansion valve 146 and the evaporator 148.

オリフィス付電磁弁120は、膨張弁の作用(冷媒を減圧して通過させる機能)と、開閉弁が開となった状態とに切り替え可能な弁である。   The solenoid valve with orifice 120 is a valve that can be switched between the action of the expansion valve (the function of allowing the refrigerant to pass through under reduced pressure) and the state where the on-off valve is open.

図6には、オリフィス付電磁弁120の作用を説明する図を示す。図6(A)は開の状態を示す図、図6(B)は閉の状態を示す図である。   In FIG. 6, the figure explaining the effect | action of the solenoid valve 120 with an orifice is shown. FIG. 6A is a diagram showing an open state, and FIG. 6B is a diagram showing a closed state.

オリフィス付電磁弁120は、図6(A)に示すように、開状態で弁121が大きく開いて冷媒をほぼ減圧せずに通過させる。一方、オリフィス付電磁弁120は、図6(B)に示すように、閉状態でオリフィス122の狭い流路に冷媒を流すことで、通過後に冷媒を減圧させる膨張弁として機能する。   As shown in FIG. 6 (A), the solenoid valve 120 with an orifice opens the valve 121 greatly in the open state, and allows the refrigerant to pass therethrough without substantially reducing the pressure. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, the solenoid valve with orifice 120 functions as an expansion valve that depressurizes the refrigerant after passing by passing the refrigerant through the narrow flow path of the orifice 122 in the closed state.

オリフィス付電磁弁120は、冷媒を水冷コンデンサ130から導入して水冷媒熱交換器14へ送出する。オリフィス付電磁弁120は、暖房運転時は閉とされ、冷房運転時は開とされる。   The orifice-equipped solenoid valve 120 introduces refrigerant from the water-cooled condenser 130 and sends it to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14. The solenoid valve with orifice 120 is closed during heating operation and opened during cooling operation.

水冷コンデンサ130は、内部に冷却水Aと冷媒とを流し、冷媒と冷却水Aとの間で熱を交換する水冷媒熱交換器である。水冷コンデンサ130は、暖房運転時に冷却水Aが流されて、高温且つ高圧の冷媒から冷却水Aへ熱を移動させる。また、水冷コンデンサ130は、冷房運転時には冷却水Aがほぼ停止されて、高温且つ高圧の冷媒をそのまま通過させる。   The water-cooled condenser 130 is a water-refrigerant heat exchanger that allows the cooling water A and the refrigerant to flow inside and exchanges heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water A. The water-cooled condenser 130 is supplied with the cooling water A during the heating operation, and moves heat from the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the cooling water A. Further, the water-cooled condenser 130 substantially stops the cooling water A during the cooling operation, and allows the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to pass through as it is.

冷却水ポンプ152は、暖房運転時に作動して配管153を介して水冷コンデンサ130とヒーターコア150との間で冷却水Aを循環させる。すなわち、暖房運転時には、水冷コンデンサ130で加熱された冷却水Aがヒーターコア150へ送られる。また、冷却水ポンプ152は、冷房運転時には例外的な温度調整時を除いて、ほぼ停止して配管153の冷却水Aを循環させない。   The cooling water pump 152 operates during heating operation and circulates the cooling water A between the water cooling condenser 130 and the heater core 150 via the pipe 153. That is, during the heating operation, the cooling water A heated by the water-cooled condenser 130 is sent to the heater core 150. Further, the cooling water pump 152 almost stops and does not circulate the cooling water A in the pipe 153 except during exceptional temperature adjustment during cooling operation.

[暖房運転]
実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においては、暖房運転時、図4に示すように、オリフィス付電磁弁120が閉、開閉弁143が開、冷暖切替ドア151がヒーターコア150の流路を開くように切り替えられる。また、2つの冷却水ポンプ18,152、コンプレッサ141、および、ファン17,147が作動する。
[Heating operation]
In the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, during heating operation, as shown in FIG. 4, the solenoid valve with orifice 120 is closed, the on-off valve 143 is opened, and the cooling / heating switching door 151 opens the flow path of the heater core 150. Are switched as follows. Moreover, the two cooling water pumps 18 and 152, the compressor 141, and the fans 17 and 147 operate.

このような動作により、コンプレッサ141で高温且つ高圧にされた冷媒が、水冷コンデンサ130で冷却水Aを加熱し、この冷却水Aがヒーターコア150で空気を熱して、温められた空気が車室内へ送られる。また、水冷コンデンサ130で放熱された冷媒は、オリフィス付電磁弁120を通過して低温且つ低圧にされて水冷媒熱交換器14で冷却水Bから熱を吸収する。そして、熱を吸収した低圧の冷媒はアキュムレータ142を介してコンプレッサ141へ戻される。   By such an operation, the refrigerant that has been heated to a high temperature and high pressure by the compressor 141 heats the cooling water A by the water-cooled condenser 130, and the cooling water A heats the air by the heater core 150. Sent to. In addition, the refrigerant radiated by the water-cooled condenser 130 passes through the orifice-equipped solenoid valve 120 to be low temperature and low pressure, and absorbs heat from the cooling water B by the water / refrigerant heat exchanger 14. The low-pressure refrigerant that has absorbed heat is returned to the compressor 141 via the accumulator 142.

水冷媒熱交換器14で冷却された冷却水Bは、室外熱交換器16で空気から熱を吸収して再び水冷媒熱交換器14へ送られるというように、水冷媒熱交換器14と室外熱交換器16との間を循環する。   The cooling water B cooled by the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14 absorbs heat from the air by the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and is sent to the water refrigerant heat exchanger 14 again. It circulates between the heat exchangers 16.

このような実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においても、極低温時に暖房運転を開始する際には、冷媒が極低温になっていることで、そのままでは、冷媒のガス圧が低下して速やかな暖房運転の始動が妨げられる。しかしながら、実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においても、実施の形態1と同様に、水温度調整用タンク20を利用してユーザが冷却水Bを加熱することで、冷媒の温度およびガス圧を速やかに上昇させて、暖房運転を速やかに始動させることができる。   Even in the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, when the heating operation is started at an extremely low temperature, the refrigerant is at a very low temperature. Start-up of proper heating operation is prevented. However, also in the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the temperature of the refrigerant and the gas pressure are adjusted by the user heating the cooling water B using the water temperature adjusting tank 20. The heating operation can be started quickly by raising the temperature quickly.

[冷房運転]
実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においては、冷房運転時、図5に示すように、オリフィス付電磁弁120が開、開閉弁143が閉、冷暖切替ドア151がヒーターコア150の流路を閉じるように切り替えられる。また、冷却水ポンプ18、コンプレッサ141、および、ファン17,147が作動し、冷却水ポンプ152が非作動とされる。
[Cooling operation]
In the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, during cooling operation, as shown in FIG. 5, the solenoid valve with orifice 120 is opened, the on-off valve 143 is closed, and the cooling / heating switching door 151 closes the flow path of the heater core 150. Are switched as follows. Further, the cooling water pump 18, the compressor 141, and the fans 17 and 147 are activated, and the cooling water pump 152 is deactivated.

このような動作により、コンプレッサ141で高温且つ高圧にされた冷媒が、水冷コンデンサ130とオリフィス付電磁弁120をそのまま通過し、さらに、水冷媒熱交換器14の通過時に冷却水Bへ放熱する。続いて、水冷媒熱交換器14で放熱された冷媒は、膨張弁146で低温且つ低圧に膨張されてエバポレータ148に流れ、エバポレータ148の通過時に空気を冷却する。冷却された空気は車室内へ送られる。そして、エバポレータ148で放熱された低圧の冷媒は、アキュムレータ142を介してコンプレッサ141へ戻される。   By such an operation, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant in the compressor 141 passes through the water-cooled condenser 130 and the orifice-equipped electromagnetic valve 120 as it is, and further radiates heat to the cooling water B when passing through the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14. Subsequently, the refrigerant radiated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 is expanded to a low temperature and a low pressure by the expansion valve 146 and flows to the evaporator 148, and cools the air when passing through the evaporator 148. The cooled air is sent into the passenger compartment. The low-pressure refrigerant radiated by the evaporator 148 is returned to the compressor 141 via the accumulator 142.

水冷媒熱交換器14で加熱された冷却水Bは、室外熱交換器16で空気へ熱を放出して再び水冷媒熱交換器14へ送られるというように、水冷媒熱交換器14と室外熱交換器16との間を循環する。   The cooling water B heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 releases heat to the air by the outdoor heat exchanger 16 and is sent to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 14 again. It circulates between the heat exchangers 16.

このような実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においても、高温時に冷房運転を開始する際には、冷媒が高温になっていることで、そのままでは、冷媒の温度およびガス圧が適切な範囲から外れていて効率的な冷房運転が妨げられる。しかしながら、実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においても、実施の形態1と同様に、水温度調整用タンク20を利用してユーザが冷却水Bを冷却することで、冷媒の温度およびガス圧を速やかに適切な範囲まで下げて、効率的な冷房運転を速やかに行うことができる。   Also in the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, when the cooling operation is started at a high temperature, the refrigerant is at a high temperature, so that the refrigerant temperature and the gas pressure are within an appropriate range. Deviating and preventing efficient cooling operation. However, also in the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, the temperature of the refrigerant and the gas pressure are reduced by the user cooling the cooling water B using the water temperature adjusting tank 20 as in the first embodiment. The temperature can be quickly lowered to an appropriate range, and efficient cooling operation can be performed quickly.

以上のように、実施の形態2の車両用空調装置においても、水温度調整用タンク20を利用して冷却水を加熱または冷却することで、極低温時または車両高温時でも、車両の暖房または冷房を速やかに且つ効率良く行うことができる。また、水温度調整用タンク20を利用した冷却水の加熱または冷却は、カートリッジ21,22の装着により容易に且つ手軽に行うことができる。   As described above, also in the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, the cooling water is heated or cooled using the water temperature adjusting tank 20, so that the vehicle can be heated or cooled even at extremely low temperatures or high temperatures. Cooling can be performed quickly and efficiently. Also, heating or cooling of the cooling water using the water temperature adjusting tank 20 can be easily and easily performed by mounting the cartridges 21 and 22.

また、実施の形態2の車両用空調装置によれば、送風路200の構成はエンジン車に備わる通常の空調設備に改造を加えずに、送風路200外の構成を付加することで、ヒートポンプを利用した空調設備を車両に付加することができるという効果が得られる。   Moreover, according to the vehicle air conditioner of the second embodiment, the configuration of the air passage 200 is not modified to the normal air conditioning equipment provided in the engine vehicle, and the configuration outside the air passage 200 is added, so that the heat pump is The effect that the used air conditioning equipment can be added to the vehicle is obtained.

以上、本発明の各実施の形態について説明した。   The embodiments of the present invention have been described above.

なお、上記実施の形態では、水温度調整用タンクにカートリッジを介してお湯または氷水等を配置する構成を例にとって説明したが、例えば、水温度調整用タンクの収容部に直接にお湯または氷水等を入れ、その後、これらを排出できる構成を採用してもよい。また、上記実施の形態では、水冷媒熱交換器と室外熱交換器との間の冷却水の循環経路に水温度調整用タンクを介在させた例をとって説明した。しかしながら、本発明に係る車両用空調装置では、水冷媒熱交換器と水温度調整用タンクのみで冷却水を循環させる回路を採用してもよく、空調開始時に冷媒温度の適正化を外部から補助できるという効果を得ることができる。   In the above-described embodiment, the configuration in which hot water, ice water, or the like is disposed in the water temperature adjustment tank via the cartridge has been described as an example. For example, hot water, ice water, or the like is directly provided in the storage portion of the water temperature adjustment tank. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which these can be discharged and then discharged. Moreover, in the said embodiment, the example which interposed the tank for water temperature adjustment in the circulating path of the cooling water between a water refrigerant | coolant heat exchanger and an outdoor heat exchanger was demonstrated. However, in the vehicle air conditioner according to the present invention, a circuit that circulates the cooling water only with the water refrigerant heat exchanger and the water temperature adjusting tank may be employed, and the optimization of the refrigerant temperature is assisted from the outside when the air conditioning is started. The effect that it is possible can be obtained.

本発明は、自動車、特に電気自動車またはハイブリッド自動車に搭載される車両用空調装置に有用に適用できる。   The present invention is usefully applicable to a vehicle air conditioner mounted on an automobile, particularly an electric automobile or a hybrid automobile.

8,141 コンプレッサ
9 四方弁
10 室内熱交換器
13,146 膨張弁
14 水冷媒熱交換器
16 室外熱交換器
18,152 冷却水ポンプ
20 水温度調整用タンク
20a 収容部
20b 流路
21,22 カートリッジ
22a 投入口
22b 空間
24 電熱器
120 オリフィス付電磁弁
130 水冷コンデンサ
147 ファン
148 エバポレータ
150 ヒーターコア
200 送風路
8,141 Compressor 9 Four-way valve 10 Indoor heat exchanger 13,146 Expansion valve 14 Water refrigerant heat exchanger 16 Outdoor heat exchanger 18,152 Cooling water pump 20 Water temperature adjusting tank 20a Housing portion 20b Flow path 21, 22 Cartridge 22a inlet 22b space 24 electric heater 120 solenoid valve with orifice 130 water-cooled condenser 147 fan 148 evaporator 150 heater core 200 air passage

本発明の一態様に係る車両用空調装置は、冷媒を圧縮および膨張させて熱交換させることで車外と車室内との間で熱を移動させるヒートポンプと、前記冷媒と冷却水との間で熱を交換する水冷媒熱交換器と、前記冷却水の流路に近接させて加熱物又は冷却物が配置可能にされた水温度調整用容器と、前記水冷媒熱交換器と前記水温度調整用容器との間で前記冷却水を循環させる循環手段と、を具備し、前記水温度調整用容器は、所定のカートリッジを収容する収容部と、前記収容部の周囲に前記冷却水を流す流路と、を有し、前記カートリッジには蓄熱材が詰められている構成を採る。または、前記カートリッジはお湯または氷を投入可能な投入口を有する構成を採る。 An air conditioner for a vehicle according to an aspect of the present invention includes a heat pump that transfers heat between the outside of the vehicle and the vehicle interior by compressing and expanding the refrigerant to exchange heat, and heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water. A water-refrigerant heat exchanger for exchanging water, a water temperature adjusting container in which a heating object or a cooling object can be arranged close to the flow path of the cooling water, the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, and the water temperature adjusting A circulation means for circulating the cooling water between the container, the water temperature adjusting container includes a housing part for housing a predetermined cartridge, and a flow path for flowing the cooling water around the housing part. And the cartridge is packed with a heat storage material . Alternatively, the cartridge has a configuration having a slot into which hot water or ice can be poured.

Claims (5)

冷媒を圧縮および膨張させて熱交換させることで車外と車室内との間で熱を移動させるヒートポンプと、
前記冷媒と冷却水との間で熱を交換する水冷媒熱交換器と、
前記冷却水の流路に近接させて加熱物又は冷却物が配置可能にされた水温度調整用容器と、
前記水冷媒熱交換器と前記水温度調整用容器との間で前記冷却水を循環させる循環手段と、
を具備する、
車両用空調装置。
A heat pump that moves heat between the outside of the vehicle and the passenger compartment by compressing and expanding the refrigerant to exchange heat;
A water refrigerant heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the cooling water;
A water temperature adjusting container in which a heating object or a cooling object can be arranged in the vicinity of the cooling water flow path;
A circulating means for circulating the cooling water between the water refrigerant heat exchanger and the water temperature adjusting container;
Comprising
Vehicle air conditioner.
前記水温度調整用容器は、
所定のカートリッジを収容する収容部と、
前記収容部の周囲に前記冷却水を流す流路と、
を具備し、
前記カートリッジには蓄熱材が詰められている、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。
The water temperature adjusting container is
An accommodating portion for accommodating a predetermined cartridge;
A flow path for flowing the cooling water around the housing part;
Comprising
The cartridge is packed with a heat storage material,
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1.
前記水温度調整用容器は、
所定のカートリッジを収容する収容部と、
前記収容部の周囲に前記冷却水を流す流路と、
を具備し、
前記カートリッジはお湯または氷を投入可能な投入口を有する、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。
The water temperature adjusting container is
An accommodating portion for accommodating a predetermined cartridge;
A flow path for flowing the cooling water around the housing part;
Comprising
The cartridge has a slot into which hot water or ice can be poured;
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1.
前記水温度調整用容器には、
前記冷却水を加熱することが可能な電熱器が設けられている、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。
In the water temperature adjusting container,
An electric heater capable of heating the cooling water is provided;
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1.
車室外で前記冷却水と空気との間で熱を交換する室外熱交換器をさらに具備し、
前記循環手段は、
前記水冷媒熱交換器、前記室外熱交換器および前記水温度調整用容器の間で前記冷却水を循環させる、
請求項1記載の車両用空調装置。


Further comprising an outdoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the cooling water and air outside the passenger compartment,
The circulating means is
Circulating the cooling water between the water-refrigerant heat exchanger, the outdoor heat exchanger, and the water temperature adjusting vessel;
The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1.


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JP2015163499A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-09-10 株式会社デンソー Air conditioner for vehicle
WO2015122006A1 (en) * 2014-02-17 2015-08-20 株式会社Fomm Air-conditioning device for small vehicle
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