JP2013152605A - Driving support device, driving support method, program and medium - Google Patents

Driving support device, driving support method, program and medium Download PDF

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JP2013152605A
JP2013152605A JP2012012989A JP2012012989A JP2013152605A JP 2013152605 A JP2013152605 A JP 2013152605A JP 2012012989 A JP2012012989 A JP 2012012989A JP 2012012989 A JP2012012989 A JP 2012012989A JP 2013152605 A JP2013152605 A JP 2013152605A
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Tomoaki Harada
知明 原田
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a driving support device capable of issuing an appropriate warning more adapted to the intention of a driver, and to provide a driving support method, a program and a medium.SOLUTION: A driving support device 1 of the present invention includes: calculation means 2c for calculating time-to-collision TTC on the basis of a distance L between an object FC in front and an own vehicle C, and a relative velocity Vr; and warning means 2d for issuing a warning on the basis of the time-to-collision TTC. When the distance L exceeds a predetermined distance L3, the calculation means 2c divides the distance L into multiple sections including an acceleration section L1, a deceleration section L2 and a following section of the predetermined distance L3, sums up required time TTC1, 2 for each section except the following section, to obtain a total value, and corrects the time-to-collision TTC by the total value.

Description

本発明は、自車両とその前方に位置する前方物体との距離と相対速度に基づき、適宜警報を行う運転支援装置、運転支援方法、プログラム及び媒体に関する。   The present invention relates to a driving support apparatus, a driving support method, a program, and a medium that appropriately issue a warning based on the distance and relative speed between the host vehicle and a forward object positioned in front of the host vehicle.

従来、上述したような運転支援装置においては、下記の特許文献1に記載されるように自車両と前方物体である先行車両の車間距離を相対速度により除して衝突余裕時間を演算して、この衝突余裕時間に基づいて警報を行い、運転者に注意を促すとともに、安全な車間距離を維持することも行われる。   Conventionally, in the driving support apparatus as described above, the collision margin time is calculated by dividing the inter-vehicle distance between the host vehicle and the preceding vehicle as the front object by the relative speed as described in Patent Document 1 below, A warning is issued based on the collision allowance time to alert the driver, and a safe inter-vehicle distance is also maintained.

特開2009−262629号公報JP 2009-262629 A

ところが、このような運転支援装置においては、前方物体との距離が比較的長く間隔が開き過ぎていると運転者が感じて、距離を詰める目的で加速を行った場合において、不要な警報が行われてしまうおそれがあった。   However, in such a driving assistance device, when the driver feels that the distance to the front object is relatively long and the distance is too wide and acceleration is performed for the purpose of reducing the distance, an unnecessary warning is issued. There was a risk of being broken.

本発明は、上記問題に鑑み、運転者の意図により適応させた適切な警報を実現することができる運転支援装置、運転支援方法、プログラム及び媒体を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a driving support device, a driving support method, a program, and a medium that can realize an appropriate alarm adapted to the driver's intention.

上記の問題を解決するため、本発明による運転支援装置は、前方物体と自車両の距離と相対速度に基づいて衝突余裕時間を演算する演算手段と、前記衝突余裕時間に基づいて警報を行う警報手段を含み、前記演算手段は前記距離が所定距離を超える場合に、加速区間と減速区間と前記所定距離の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して前記追従区間以外の前記区間毎の所要時間を合計して合計値を演算し、当該合計値により前記衝突余裕時間を補正することを特徴とする。なお、前記前方物体は先行車両と静止物の双方を含み、前記前方物体が先行車両である場合、前記距離は車間距離となる。   In order to solve the above problem, the driving support apparatus according to the present invention includes a calculation unit that calculates a margin time for collision based on a distance and a relative speed between a front object and the host vehicle, and an alarm that performs a warning based on the margin time for collision. And when the distance exceeds a predetermined distance, the calculation means is divided into a plurality of sections including an acceleration section, a deceleration section, and a follow-up section of the predetermined distance, and a required time for each section other than the follow-up section. To calculate the total value, and the collision margin time is corrected by the total value. The front object includes both a preceding vehicle and a stationary object. When the front object is a preceding vehicle, the distance is an inter-vehicle distance.

また、本発明による運転支援方法は、前方物体と自車両の距離と相対速度に基づいて衝突余裕時間を演算する演算ステップと、前記衝突余裕時間に基づいて警報を行う警報ステップを含み、前記演算ステップにおいて前記距離が所定距離を超える場合に、加速区間と減速区間と前記所定距離の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して前記追従区間以外の前記区間毎の所要時間を合計して合計値を演算し、当該合計値により前記衝突余裕時間を補正することを特徴とする。本発明のプログラムは前記運転支援方法を実行するプログラムであり、本発明の媒体は当該プログラムを格納した媒体である。   The driving support method according to the present invention includes a calculation step of calculating a collision margin time based on a distance and a relative speed between a front object and the host vehicle, and a warning step of performing a warning based on the collision margin time. When the distance exceeds the predetermined distance in the step, the total time is obtained by dividing the acceleration section, the deceleration section, and the following section of the predetermined distance into a plurality of sections and summing the time required for each section other than the following section And the collision margin time is corrected by the total value. The program of the present invention is a program for executing the driving support method, and the medium of the present invention is a medium storing the program.

本発明によれば、運転者の意図を反映させたより適切な警報を行うことが可能な運転支援装置、運転支援方法、プログラム及び媒体を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the driving assistance apparatus, the driving assistance method, program, and medium which can perform a more suitable warning reflecting a driver | operator's intention can be provided.

本発明に係る実施例1の運転支援装置の一実施形態を示すブロック図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a driving support apparatus of Example 1 according to the present invention. 実施例1の運転支援装置1において衝突余裕時間TTCを演算するにあたり設定する区間の概念を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the concept of the area set in calculating the collision margin time TTC in the driving assistance device 1 of Example 1. FIG. 実施例1の運転支援装置1の一実施形態の制御内容を示すフローチャートである。3 is a flowchart showing control contents of an embodiment of the driving support apparatus 1 of Example 1. 本発明に係る実施例2の運転支援装置1において衝突余裕時間TTCを演算するにあたり設定する区間の概念を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the concept of the area set in calculating the collision margin time TTC in the driving assistance device 1 of Example 2 which concerns on this invention. 実施例2の運転支援装置1の一実施形態の制御内容を示すフローチャートである。6 is a flowchart showing control contents of an embodiment of the driving support device 1 of Example 2.

以下、本発明を実施するための形態について、添付図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図1は、本発明に係る実施例1の運転支援装置1の一実施形態を示すブロック図である。運転支援装置1は、システムECU2(System Electronic Control Unit)と、ミリ波レーダ3と、車輪速センサ4と、ヨーレートGセンサ5と、警報ブザー6と、メータ7と、ブレーキ装置8と、シートベルト9を備えて構成される。システムECU2と、メータ7と、ブレーキ装置8と、シートベルト9はCAN(Controller Area Network)等の通信規格により相互に接続される。   FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a driving support apparatus 1 of Example 1 according to the present invention. The driving support device 1 includes a system ECU 2 (System Electronic Control Unit), a millimeter wave radar 3, a wheel speed sensor 4, a yaw rate G sensor 5, an alarm buzzer 6, a meter 7, a brake device 8, and a seat belt. 9 is configured. The system ECU 2, the meter 7, the brake device 8, and the seat belt 9 are connected to each other according to a communication standard such as CAN (Controller Area Network).

システムECU2は、例えばCPU、ROM、RAMおよびそれらを接続するデータバスと入出力インターフェースから構成され、ROMに格納されたプログラムに従い、CPUが所定の処理を行うものであり、以下に述べる処理を行う車速検出手段2aと、車間距離検出手段2bと、演算手段2cと、警報手段2dとを構成するものである。   The system ECU 2 includes, for example, a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a data bus connecting them, and an input / output interface. The CPU performs predetermined processing according to a program stored in the ROM, and performs the processing described below. The vehicle speed detection means 2a, the inter-vehicle distance detection means 2b, the calculation means 2c, and the warning means 2d are comprised.

ミリ波レーダ3は、例えば図2に示す自車両Cのフロントグリル又はフロントバンパーに設けられる。ミリ波レーダ3は、自車両Cの前方に位置する前方物体である先行車両FCと自車両Cとの車間距離Lを測定して、その測定結果をシステムECU2に出力する。   The millimeter wave radar 3 is provided, for example, on the front grille or front bumper of the host vehicle C shown in FIG. The millimeter wave radar 3 measures the inter-vehicle distance L between the preceding vehicle FC, which is a forward object located in front of the host vehicle C, and the host vehicle C, and outputs the measurement result to the system ECU 2.

ヨーレートGセンサ5は、例えば自車両Cのフロア内に設置されて、自車両Cの前後方向軸周りのヨーレートと前後方向の加減速度を検出して検出結果をシステムECU2に出力するものである。   The yaw rate G sensor 5 is installed, for example, in the floor of the host vehicle C, detects the yaw rate around the front / rear direction axis of the host vehicle C and the acceleration / deceleration in the front / rear direction, and outputs the detection result to the system ECU 2.

警報ブザー6は例えば、自車両C室内前方の図示しないフロントパネルにおいてメータ7に隣接して設置されて、警報手段2dの警報指令に基づいて鳴動されて、運転者に注意喚起と加速の抑制及び減速を促すものである。   For example, the alarm buzzer 6 is installed adjacent to the meter 7 on the front panel (not shown) in front of the interior of the host vehicle C and is sounded based on the alarm command of the alarm means 2d to alert the driver and suppress acceleration. It encourages deceleration.

メータ7は上述したフロントパネル内のメータパネルと、図示しないメータECUを含む。メータECUは例えばCPU、ROM、RAMおよびそれらを接続するデータバスと入出力インターフェースから構成される。メータECUは、ROMに格納されたプログラムに従い、CPUが所定の処理を行い、システムECU2から取得した車速Vnに基づいてメータパネル内の速度計やオドメータを制御するとともに、システムECU2の警報手段2dの警報指令に基づいて図示しない警告灯を点灯する制御を行う。   The meter 7 includes a meter panel in the above-described front panel and a meter ECU (not shown). The meter ECU includes, for example, a CPU, ROM, RAM, a data bus connecting them, and an input / output interface. The meter ECU performs predetermined processing according to a program stored in the ROM, controls the speedometer and odometer in the meter panel based on the vehicle speed Vn acquired from the system ECU 2, and the alarm means 2d of the system ECU 2 Based on the warning command, control is performed to turn on a warning lamp (not shown).

ブレーキ装置8は、自車両C内の前後左右の車輪に対応して設けられた図示しないブレーキユニットと、ブレーキECUを含む。ブレーキECUは、例えばCPU、ROM、RAMおよびそれらを接続するデータバスと入出力インターフェースから構成され、ROMに格納されたプログラムに従い、CPUが所定の処理を行うものであり、システムECU2の警報手段2dからの警報指令に基づき、車両の各車輪に設けられたブレーキユニットを制御して車両の制動を行う。   The brake device 8 includes a brake unit (not shown) provided corresponding to the front, rear, left and right wheels in the host vehicle C and a brake ECU. The brake ECU includes, for example, a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a data bus connecting them, and an input / output interface, and the CPU performs predetermined processing according to a program stored in the ROM. The alarm means 2d of the system ECU 2 The vehicle is braked by controlling a brake unit provided on each wheel of the vehicle based on the warning command from the vehicle.

シートベルト9は図示しないシートベルト装置とシートベルト装置を制御するシートベルトECUを含む。シートベルトECUは、例えばCPU、ROM、RAMおよびそれらを接続するデータバスと入出力インターフェースとから構成され、ROMに格納されたプログラムに従い、CPUが所定の処理を行うものであり、システムECU2の警報手段2dからの警報指令に基づき、シートベルト装置のベルトの張力を増大させる制御を行うものである。   The seat belt 9 includes a seat belt device (not shown) and a seat belt ECU that controls the seat belt device. The seat belt ECU includes, for example, a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, a data bus connecting them, and an input / output interface. The CPU performs predetermined processing according to a program stored in the ROM. Based on the alarm command from the means 2d, control is performed to increase the belt tension of the seat belt device.

これに加えて、システムECU2の車速検出手段2aは車輪速センサ4からの車輪速信号に基づいて自車両Cの車速Vを検出し、ヨーレートGセンサ5の検出結果から加速度a1を検出し、旋回半径Rを検出する。システムECU2の車間距離検出手段2bは、ミリ波レーダ3の測定結果に基づいて、自車両Cと先行車両FCとの車間距離Lを検出し、車間距離Lの微分値から相対速度Vrを検出する。   In addition, the vehicle speed detection means 2a of the system ECU 2 detects the vehicle speed V of the host vehicle C based on the wheel speed signal from the wheel speed sensor 4, detects the acceleration a1 from the detection result of the yaw rate G sensor 5, and turns. The radius R is detected. The inter-vehicle distance detection means 2b of the system ECU 2 detects the inter-vehicle distance L between the host vehicle C and the preceding vehicle FC based on the measurement result of the millimeter wave radar 3, and detects the relative speed Vr from the differential value of the inter-vehicle distance L. .

演算手段2cは、先行車両FCと自車両Cの車間距離Lが所定距離L3以下であれば、所定距離L3を相対速度Vrで除した所定距離L3に相当する追従区間に対応する衝突余裕時間TTC3=TTCを演算して求める。車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きい場合には、演算手段2cは図2に示すように、加速区間L1と減速区間L2と所定距離L3の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して追従区間以外の区間毎の所要時間TTC1、TTC2を合計して合計値を演算し、合計値により衝突余裕時間TTCをTTC=TTC1+TTC2+TTC3として補正する。   When the inter-vehicle distance L between the preceding vehicle FC and the host vehicle C is equal to or less than the predetermined distance L3, the calculation means 2c has a collision margin time TTC3 corresponding to the follow-up section corresponding to the predetermined distance L3 obtained by dividing the predetermined distance L3 by the relative speed Vr. = Calculate by calculating TTC. When the inter-vehicle distance L is greater than the predetermined distance L3, the calculation means 2c is divided into a plurality of sections including the following sections of the acceleration section L1, the deceleration section L2, and the predetermined distance L3 as shown in FIG. The required times TTC1 and TTC2 for each of the sections are totaled to calculate a total value, and the collision margin time TTC is corrected as TTC = TTC1 + TTC2 + TTC3 based on the total value.

ここで、追従区間とは先行車両FCを自車両Cが追従して走行する場合の、適度な距離を有する区間であり、車間距離Lを構成する複数の区間のうち、最も先行車両FC側に位置する区間である。追従区間の長さである所定距離L3は、車速に対応して決定される運転者にとって適度な車間距離である。この所定距離L3はシステムECU2の例えばROM、RAM等の記憶手段に予め車速Vnに対応するマップとして記憶されているものである。   Here, the following section is a section having an appropriate distance when the host vehicle C travels following the preceding vehicle FC. Among the plurality of sections constituting the inter-vehicle distance L, the following section is closest to the preceding vehicle FC side. This is the section that is located. The predetermined distance L3, which is the length of the following section, is an appropriate inter-vehicle distance for the driver that is determined according to the vehicle speed. The predetermined distance L3 is stored in advance as a map corresponding to the vehicle speed Vn in storage means such as a ROM or a RAM of the system ECU 2.

また、加速区間L1とは、自車両Cが先行車両FCとの車間距離Lを詰めるための加速を伴う区間であり、減速区間L2とは、加速区間L1が終了した後、自車両Cの車速を先行車両FCの車速に徐々に合わせるための減速を伴う区間である。加速区間L1と減速区間L2の和は車間距離Lから所定距離L3を減じた差L−L3であり、例えばL2と差L−L3の比をε(<1)と定義すると、L1=(1−ε)(L−L3)となり、L2=ε(L−L3)となる。このεについては実験値であっても学習値であってもよい。   The acceleration section L1 is a section with acceleration for the host vehicle C to reduce the inter-vehicle distance L from the preceding vehicle FC, and the deceleration section L2 is the vehicle speed of the host vehicle C after the acceleration section L1 ends. Is a section with deceleration for gradually adjusting the speed to the vehicle speed of the preceding vehicle FC. The sum of the acceleration section L1 and the deceleration section L2 is a difference L−L3 obtained by subtracting the predetermined distance L3 from the inter-vehicle distance L. For example, if the ratio between L2 and the difference L−L3 is defined as ε (<1), L1 = (1 −ε) (L−L3), and L2 = ε (L−L3). This ε may be an experimental value or a learning value.

加速区間L1を自車両Cが走行するのに要する所要時間TTC1は、初速Vnで加速度aの等加速度運動における走行距離Lと走行時間tが以下の数1で表されることから、加速区間L1の加速度をa1とすると、TTC1は以下の数2で表される。   The required time TTC1 required for the host vehicle C to travel in the acceleration section L1 is expressed by the following equation 1 as the travel distance L and the travel time t in the uniform acceleration motion of the acceleration a at the initial speed Vn. TTC1 is expressed by the following equation (2).

Figure 2013152605
Figure 2013152605

Figure 2013152605
加速区間L1が終了した後の自車両Cの車速をV2とすると、V2は以下の数3で表される。
Figure 2013152605
Assuming that the vehicle speed of the host vehicle C after the end of the acceleration section L1 is V2, V2 is expressed by the following formula 3.

Figure 2013152605
減速区間L2の終了した後の自車両Cの車速は先行車両FCの車速V3であるので、減速区間L2における自車両の負の加速度a2は、以下の数4で表され、減速区間L2の所要時間TTC2は、以下の数5で表される。なお、V3自体はV3=Vn+Vrの関係式により求める。
Figure 2013152605
Since the vehicle speed of the host vehicle C after the end of the deceleration section L2 is the vehicle speed V3 of the preceding vehicle FC, the negative acceleration a2 of the host vehicle in the deceleration section L2 is expressed by the following equation 4, and the required speed of the deceleration section L2 The time TTC2 is expressed by the following formula 5. V3 itself is obtained from the relational expression of V3 = Vn + Vr.

Figure 2013152605
Figure 2013152605

Figure 2013152605
追従区間の衝突余裕時間TTC3は、所定距離L3を相対速度Vrにより除す以下の数6で表される。
Figure 2013152605
The collision margin time TTC3 in the follow-up section is expressed by the following formula 6 that divides the predetermined distance L3 by the relative speed Vr.

Figure 2013152605
車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きい場合には、衝突余裕時間TTC3は補正され、加速区間L1の所要時間TTC1と減速区間L2の所要時間TTC2の合計値が加算されて補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCとされる。すなわち、補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCは以下の数7で表される。
Figure 2013152605
When the inter-vehicle distance L is greater than the predetermined distance L3, the collision margin time TTC3 is corrected, and the total value of the required time TTC1 of the acceleration section L1 and the required time TTC2 of the deceleration section L2 is added to correct the corrected collision margin time TTC. It is said. That is, the corrected collision margin time TTC is expressed by the following formula 7.

Figure 2013152605
システムECU2の演算手段2cは、上述した数1〜7を用いて、車速Vn、加速度a1を測定値つまり既知数として、TTC1〜TTC3を演算する。以下、本実施例1の運転支援装置1の制御内容を、フローチャートを用いて説明する。図3は、本発明による運転支援装置1の制御内容を示すフローチャートである。
Figure 2013152605
The calculating means 2c of the system ECU 2 calculates TTC1 to TTC3 by using the above-described equations 1 to 7, using the vehicle speed Vn and acceleration a1 as measured values, that is, known numbers. Hereinafter, the control content of the driving assistance apparatus 1 of the present Example 1 is demonstrated using a flowchart. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the driving support apparatus 1 according to the present invention.

図3に示すステップS1において、システムECU2はミリ波レーダ3の検出結果に基づいて先行車両FCが存在するか否かを判定し、肯定であればステップS2にすすみ、否定であればRETURNにすすむ。ステップS2において、システムECU2の車速検出手段2aは、自車両Cの車速Vnと加速度a1と旋回半径Rを検出し、車間距離検出手段2bは車間距離Lと相対速度Vrと車線中央からの車幅方向の自車両Cのずれ量Wを検出する。   In step S1 shown in FIG. 3, the system ECU 2 determines whether or not the preceding vehicle FC exists based on the detection result of the millimeter wave radar 3, proceeds to step S2 if affirmative, and proceeds to RETURN if negative. . In step S2, the vehicle speed detection means 2a of the system ECU 2 detects the vehicle speed Vn, acceleration a1, and turning radius R of the host vehicle C, and the inter-vehicle distance detection means 2b detects the inter-vehicle distance L, the relative speed Vr, and the vehicle width from the center of the lane. A deviation amount W of the vehicle C in the direction is detected.

ステップS3において、システムECU2はずれ量と旋回半径Rと車速Vnに基づいて自車両Cが車線を逸脱して側方に衝突するか否かの衝突判断を行い、肯定であれば、RETURNにすすみ、否定であればステップS4にすすむ。ステップS4において、システムECU2の演算手段2cは、車間距離Lが所定距離L3を超えているか否かを判定し、肯定であればステップ5にすすみ、否定であれば、ステップS6にすすむ。   In step S3, the system ECU 2 makes a collision determination as to whether or not the host vehicle C departs from the lane and collides sideways based on the deviation amount, the turning radius R, and the vehicle speed Vn. If yes, the system ECU 2 proceeds to RETURN. If not, the process proceeds to step S4. In step S4, the calculation means 2c of the system ECU 2 determines whether or not the inter-vehicle distance L exceeds the predetermined distance L3. If the result is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 5. If the result is negative, the process proceeds to step S6.

ステップS5において、演算手段2cは、車間距離Lのうち自車両C側から順に分割された加速区間L1における所要時間TTC1と、減速区間L2における所要時間TTC2を演算して合計値を求める。さらに演算手段2cは、追従区間の所定距離L3を相対速度Vrで除して補正前の衝突余裕時間TTC3を求めて、この合計値と衝突余裕時間TTC3を加算して、補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCを演算する。   In step S5, the calculation means 2c calculates the required time TTC1 in the acceleration section L1 and the required time TTC2 in the deceleration section L2 divided in order from the host vehicle C side in the inter-vehicle distance L, and obtains a total value. Further, the computing means 2c divides the predetermined distance L3 of the follow-up section by the relative speed Vr to obtain a collision margin time TTC3 before correction, adds this total value and the collision margin time TTC3, and then corrects the collision margin time after correction. Calculate TTC.

ステップS6においては、演算手段2cは、追従区間の所定距離L3を相対速度Vrにより除して衝突余裕時間TTC3を求めて、この衝突余裕時間TTC3をそのまま衝突余裕時間TTCとする演算を行う。   In step S6, the calculation means 2c calculates the collision margin time TTC3 by dividing the predetermined distance L3 of the follow-up section by the relative speed Vr, and performs the calculation using the collision margin time TTC3 as it is as the collision margin time TTC.

つづいてステップS7において、警報手段2dは、ステップS5又はステップS6で演算された衝突余裕時間TTCと警報用閾値TTCtとを比較して、TTC>TTCtであるか否かを判定し、肯定であればステップS8にすすむ。ステップS8において、警報手段2dは警報指令を、警報ブザー6、メータ7、ブレーキ8、シートベルト9を含むデバイスに出力してそれぞれを駆動させ、警報及び被害低減動作を行う。   Subsequently, in step S7, the warning means 2d compares the collision margin time TTC calculated in step S5 or step S6 with the warning threshold value TTCt to determine whether or not TTC> TTCt. If so, the process proceeds to step S8. In step S8, the alarm means 2d outputs an alarm command to devices including the alarm buzzer 6, the meter 7, the brake 8, and the seat belt 9, and drives them to perform alarm and damage reduction operations.

以上述べた制御内容により実現される本実施例の運転支援装置1及び同時に実行される運転支援方法によれば、以下のような作用効果を得ることができる。すなわち、システムECU2により実現される警報手段2dにおいて用いられる衝突余裕時間TTCを、車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きいか否かにより場合分けして求めることができる。   According to the driving support apparatus 1 of the present embodiment and the driving support method executed at the same time realized by the control contents described above, the following operational effects can be obtained. That is, the collision allowance time TTC used in the warning means 2d realized by the system ECU 2 can be obtained separately depending on whether or not the inter-vehicle distance L is greater than the predetermined distance L3.

一般に、車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きい場合には、運転者にとって車間距離Lが開きすぎていると感じられ、一旦加速動作を行って詰めた後に減速動作を行い、先行車両FCの後方を追従する接近操作が行われやすい。   In general, when the inter-vehicle distance L is greater than the predetermined distance L3, it is felt that the inter-vehicle distance L is too wide for the driver. Easy to follow approaching operation.

本実施例1においては、この接近操作が行われる場合において、衝突余裕時間TTCを加速区間L1に要する所要時間TTC1と減速区間L2に要する所要時間TTC2とを含めたものとしている。このため衝突余裕時間TTCを接近操作が行われない場合よりも大きな値として、運転者が加速意図を有しているにも係わらずステップS7において肯定と判定されて警報がなされてしまうことを回避することができる。これにより、運転者に違和感を与えない、より快適な運転フィーリングを実現することができる。   In the first embodiment, when this approaching operation is performed, the collision margin time TTC includes the required time TTC1 required for the acceleration section L1 and the required time TTC2 required for the deceleration section L2. Therefore, the collision margin time TTC is set to a larger value than when the approaching operation is not performed, and it is avoided that the driver is determined to be affirmative in step S7 and an alarm is issued although the driver has an intention to accelerate. can do. Thereby, it is possible to realize a more comfortable driving feeling that does not give the driver a sense of incongruity.

特に、運転者が加速を開始した後、開始時の加速度に基づいて、等加速度運動を自車両Cが行うことを前提として数1のみを用いて以下の数8に示される衝突余裕時間TTCを演算すると減速区間を考慮していないため、実際のTTCに対して乖離が大きくなりすぎる。   In particular, after the driver starts acceleration, based on the acceleration at the start, the collision margin time TTC shown in the following equation 8 is calculated using only the equation 1 on the assumption that the host vehicle C performs a uniform acceleration motion. When calculated, the deceleration zone is not taken into account, so the deviation is too large for the actual TTC.

Figure 2013152605
これに対して本実施例1では減速区間をも考慮して補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCを演算しているので、より実態に即した値を用いて、図3のステップS7に示す衝突余裕判定を実行することができる。つまり、運転者の運転フィーリングを向上するとともに判定の精度も上げることができる。
Figure 2013152605
On the other hand, in the first embodiment, the corrected collision margin time TTC is calculated in consideration of the deceleration zone, so that a collision margin determination shown in step S7 in FIG. Can be executed. That is, the driving feeling of the driver can be improved and the determination accuracy can be increased.

上述した実施例1においては、加速区間の終了後に減速区間が継続する場合を示したが、加速区間と減速区間の間に定速区間を含めるものとしてもよい。以下それについての実施例2について述べる。   In the first embodiment described above, the case where the deceleration section continues after the end of the acceleration section is shown, but a constant speed section may be included between the acceleration section and the deceleration section. The second embodiment will be described below.

本実施例2の運転支援装置1は、実施例1の構成に加えて、システムECU2に対して図示しないエンジンECUと変速機ECUがCANを介して接続され、システムECU2がACC(Adaptive Cruse Control)の機能を有している。さらに、システムECU2の演算手段2cは、自車両の車速Vを運転者が図示しない選択スイッチにより選択した図5に示すような設定車速VS(V1‘=V2)となるように、図示しないエンジンECUと変速機ECU及びブレーキ装置8を制御する。以下の記述においては実施例1との相違点を主として説明する。   In addition to the configuration of the first embodiment, the driving support device 1 of the second embodiment includes an engine ECU (not shown) and a transmission ECU that are connected to the system ECU 2 via a CAN, and the system ECU 2 is connected to an ACC (Adaptive Cruse Control). It has the function of Further, the calculation means 2c of the system ECU 2 is an engine ECU (not shown) so that the vehicle speed V of the host vehicle is set to a set vehicle speed VS (V1 ′ = V2) as shown in FIG. 5 selected by the driver using a selection switch (not shown). And the transmission ECU and the brake device 8 are controlled. In the following description, differences from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

演算手段2cは、先行車両FCと自車両Cの車間距離Lが所定距離L3以下であれば、実施例1と同様に、所定距離L3を相対速度Vrで除した所定距離L3に相当する追従区間に対応する衝突余裕時間TTC3=TTCを演算して求める。   If the inter-vehicle distance L between the preceding vehicle FC and the host vehicle C is equal to or less than the predetermined distance L3, the calculating means 2c is a tracking section corresponding to the predetermined distance L3 obtained by dividing the predetermined distance L3 by the relative speed Vr, as in the first embodiment. The collision margin time TTC3 = TTC corresponding to is calculated and obtained.

車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きい場合には、図4に示すように、加速区間L1と定速区間L1‘と減速区間L2と所定距離L3の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して追従区間以外の区間毎の所要時間TTC1、TTC1’、TTC2を合計して合計値を演算し、合計値により衝突余裕時間TTCをTTC=TTC1+TTC1‘+TTC2+TTC3として補正する。   When the inter-vehicle distance L is larger than the predetermined distance L3, as shown in FIG. 4, the vehicle is divided into a plurality of sections including an acceleration section L1, a constant speed section L1 ′, a deceleration section L2, and a following section of the predetermined distance L3. The required times TTC1, TTC1 ′, and TTC2 for each section other than the section are totaled to calculate a total value, and the collision margin time TTC is corrected as TTC = TTC1 + TTC1 ′ + TTC2 + TTC3 based on the total value.

本実施例2においても、追従区間とは先行車両FCを自車両Cが追従して走行する場合の、適度な距離を有する区間であり、車間距離Lを構成する複数の区間のうち、最も先行車両FC側に位置する区間である。また、加速区間L1は、自車両Cが先行車両FCとの車間距離Lを詰めるための加速を伴う区間であり、減速区間L2とは、加速区間L1が終了した後、自車両Cの車速を先行車両FCの車速に徐々に併せるための減速を伴う区間であり、定速区間L1‘は、加速区間L1と減速区間L2の間に、例えばACCの設定車速VSの制限により設けられる車速を一定とする区間である。   Also in the second embodiment, the following section is a section having an appropriate distance when the host vehicle C travels following the preceding vehicle FC, and is the most preceding among the plurality of sections constituting the inter-vehicle distance L. This is a section located on the vehicle FC side. The acceleration section L1 is a section with acceleration for the host vehicle C to reduce the inter-vehicle distance L from the preceding vehicle FC, and the deceleration section L2 is the speed of the host vehicle C after the acceleration section L1 ends. The constant speed section L1 ′ is a section with deceleration for gradually adjusting to the vehicle speed of the preceding vehicle FC, and the constant speed section L1 ′ has a constant vehicle speed provided by, for example, limiting the set vehicle speed VS of the ACC between the acceleration section L1 and the deceleration section L2. It is a section.

加速区間L1と定速区間L1‘と減速区間L2の和は車間距離Lから所定距離L3を減じた差L−L3であり、例えばL2と差L−L3の比をεと定義すると、L1+L1’=(1−ε)(L−L3)となり、L2=ε(L−L3)となる。本実施例2においては、加速区間L1の終速が設定車速VS=V1‘となる。このεについては実施例1と同様に実験値であっても学習値であってもよい。   The sum of the acceleration section L1, the constant speed section L1 ′, and the deceleration section L2 is a difference L−L3 obtained by subtracting the predetermined distance L3 from the inter-vehicle distance L. For example, if the ratio between L2 and the difference L−L3 is defined as ε, L1 + L1 ′ = (1-ε) (L−L3), and L2 = ε (L−L3). In the second embodiment, the final speed of the acceleration section L1 is the set vehicle speed VS = V1 ′. As in the first embodiment, ε may be an experimental value or a learning value.

加速区間L1を自車両Cが走行するのに要する所要時間TTC1は、初速Vnで加速度a1の等加速度運動における終速V1‘と走行時間TTC1が以下の数9で表されることから、TTC1は数10で表され、加速区間L1自体は数11で表される。   The required time TTC1 required for the host vehicle C to travel in the acceleration section L1 is expressed by the following equation 9 as the final speed V1 ′ and the traveling time TTC1 in the uniform acceleration motion of the acceleration a1 at the initial speed Vn. The acceleration section L1 itself is expressed by the following equation (11).

Figure 2013152605
Figure 2013152605

Figure 2013152605
Figure 2013152605

Figure 2013152605
加速区間L1が終了した後の定速区間L1における所要時間TTC1‘は以下の数12で表される。
Figure 2013152605
The required time TTC1 ′ in the constant speed section L1 after the acceleration section L1 ends is expressed by the following formula 12.

Figure 2013152605
減速区間L2の終了した後の自車両Cの車速は先行車両FCの車速V3であるので、減速区間L2における自車両Cの負の加速度a2は、以下の数13で表され、減速区間L2の所要時間TTC2は、以下の数14で表される。
Figure 2013152605
Since the vehicle speed of the host vehicle C after the end of the deceleration section L2 is the vehicle speed V3 of the preceding vehicle FC, the negative acceleration a2 of the host vehicle C in the deceleration section L2 is expressed by the following equation 13, and the speed of the deceleration section L2 The required time TTC2 is expressed by the following equation (14).

Figure 2013152605
Figure 2013152605

Figure 2013152605
追従区間の衝突余裕時間TTC3は、所定距離L3を相対速度Vrにより除す以下の数6で表される。
Figure 2013152605
The collision margin time TTC3 in the follow-up section is expressed by the following formula 6 that divides the predetermined distance L3 by the relative speed Vr.

Figure 2013152605
車間距離Lが所定距離L3より大きい場合には、衝突余裕時間TTC3は補正され、加速区間L1の所要時間TTC1と定速区間L1‘の所要時間TTC1’と減速区間L2の所要時間TTC2の合計値が加算されて補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCとされる。すなわち、補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCは以下の数16で表される。
Figure 2013152605
When the inter-vehicle distance L is greater than the predetermined distance L3, the collision margin time TTC3 is corrected, and the total value of the required time TTC1 of the acceleration section L1, the required time TTC1 ′ of the constant speed section L1 ′, and the required time TTC2 of the deceleration section L2. Is added to obtain the corrected collision margin time TTC. That is, the corrected collision margin time TTC is expressed by the following equation (16).

Figure 2013152605
システムECU2の演算手段2cは、上述した数9〜16を用いて、車速Vn、加速度a1を既知数として、TTC1、TTC1‘〜TTC3を演算する。以下、本実施例2の運転支援装置1の制御内容を、フローチャートを用いて説明する。図5は、運転支援装置1の制御内容を示すフローチャートである。実施例1との相違点はステップS4における肯定後のステップS5−1である。
Figure 2013152605
The calculating means 2c of the system ECU 2 calculates TTC1 and TTC1 ′ to TTC3 by using the above-described equations 9 to 16, with the vehicle speed Vn and the acceleration a1 as known numbers. Hereinafter, the control content of the driving assistance apparatus 1 of the present Example 2 is demonstrated using a flowchart. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the control contents of the driving support device 1. The difference from the first embodiment is step S5-1 after affirmation in step S4.

図5に示すステップS4において、システムECU2の演算手段2cは、車間距離Lが所定距離L3を超えているか否かを判定し、肯定であればステップ5−1にすすみ、否定であれば、ステップS6にすすむ。   In step S4 shown in FIG. 5, the calculation means 2c of the system ECU 2 determines whether or not the inter-vehicle distance L exceeds the predetermined distance L3. If the result is affirmative, the process proceeds to step 5-1. Proceed to S6.

ステップS5−1において、演算手段2cは、車間距離Lのうち自車両C側から順に分割された加速区間L1における所要時間TTC1と、定速区間L1‘における所要時間TTC1’と、減速区間L2における所要時間TTC2を演算して合計値を求め、追従区間の所定距離L3を相対速度Vrで除して補正前の衝突余裕時間TTC3を求めて、この合計値と衝突余裕時間TTC3を加算して、補正後の衝突余裕時間TTCを演算する。   In step S5-1, the calculation means 2c calculates the required time TTC1 in the acceleration section L1 divided in order from the host vehicle C side in the inter-vehicle distance L, the required time TTC1 'in the constant speed section L1', and the deceleration section L2. The required time TTC2 is calculated to obtain a total value, the predetermined distance L3 of the follow-up section is divided by the relative speed Vr to obtain a collision margin time TTC3 before correction, and the total value and the collision margin time TTC3 are added, The corrected collision margin time TTC is calculated.

ステップS6においては、演算手段2cは、追従区間の所定距離L3を相対速度Vrにより除して衝突余裕時間TTC3を求めて、この衝突余裕時間TTC3をそのまま衝突余裕時間TTCとする演算を行う。   In step S6, the calculation means 2c calculates the collision margin time TTC3 by dividing the predetermined distance L3 of the follow-up section by the relative speed Vr, and performs the calculation using the collision margin time TTC3 as it is as the collision margin time TTC.

ステップS7において、警報手段2dは、ステップS5−1又はステップS6で演算された衝突余裕時間TTCと警報用閾値TTCtとを比較して、TTC>TTCtであるか否かを判定し、肯定であればステップS8にすすみ、警報ブザー6、メータ7、ブレーキ8、シートベルト9を含むデバイスを駆動させ、警報及び被害低減動作を行う。   In step S7, the warning means 2d compares the collision margin time TTC calculated in step S5-1 or step S6 with the warning threshold value TTCt to determine whether or not TTC> TTCt. In step S8, the device including the alarm buzzer 6, the meter 7, the brake 8, and the seat belt 9 is driven to perform an alarm and damage reduction operation.

以上述べた本実施例2によれば、ACCの設定車速VS等により車速の制限がある場合でも、実施例1と同様に、運転者が接近操作のために加速意思を有して加速しているにも係わらず警報がなされて、運転フィーリングが損なわれることを防止できる。   According to the second embodiment described above, even when the vehicle speed is limited by the ACC set vehicle speed VS or the like, as in the first embodiment, the driver accelerates with an intention to accelerate for the approaching operation. In spite of this, it is possible to prevent the driving feeling from being impaired by giving an alarm.

つまり、実施例1に示した減速区間を有する接近操作と、実施例2に示した減速区間と定速区間を有する接近操作の双方において、最適な接近運動モデルを設定した上で、適切な衝突余裕時間TTCを演算することができる。   In other words, in both the approach operation having the deceleration section shown in the first embodiment and the approach operation having the deceleration section and the constant speed section shown in the second embodiment, an appropriate collision motion model is set and an appropriate collision is set. The allowance time TTC can be calculated.

なお上述した実施例においては前方物体が先行車両FCである場合を示しているが、前方物体が静止物である場合は、先行車両FCが静止しており、V3がゼロとなる場合と同等である。同様に車速に制限が有る場合とは、ACCによる制限の他、スピードリミッタや道路そのものの制限速度によるものも含む。   In the above-described embodiment, the case where the forward object is the preceding vehicle FC is shown. However, when the forward object is a stationary object, the preceding vehicle FC is stationary, which is equivalent to the case where V3 becomes zero. is there. Similarly, the case where the vehicle speed is limited includes not only the limitation due to ACC but also the limitation due to the speed limiter or the limitation speed of the road itself.

以上本発明の好ましい実施例について詳細に説明したが、本発明は上述した実施例に制限されることなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく、上述した実施例に種々の変形および置換を加えることができる。   Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and substitutions are made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. be able to.

本発明は、運転支援装置に関するものであり、より快適な運転フィーリングを実現することができる。このため、乗用車、トラック、バス等の様々な車両に適用して有益なものである。   The present invention relates to a driving support device, and can realize a more comfortable driving feeling. Therefore, it is useful when applied to various vehicles such as passenger cars, trucks, and buses.

1 運転支援装置
2 システムECU
2a 車速検出手段
2b 車間距離検出手段
2c 演算手段
2d 警報手段
3 ミリ波レーダ
4 車輪速センサ
5 ヨーレートGセンサ
6 警報ブザー
7 メータ
8 ブレーキ装置
9 シートベルト
1 Driving support device 2 System ECU
2a Vehicle speed detection means 2b Inter-vehicle distance detection means 2c Calculation means 2d Alarm means 3 Millimeter wave radar 4 Wheel speed sensor 5 Yaw rate G sensor 6 Alarm buzzer 7 Meter 8 Brake device 9 Seat belt

Claims (5)

前方物体と自車両の距離と相対速度に基づいて衝突余裕時間を演算する演算手段と、前記衝突余裕時間に基づいて警報を行う警報手段を含み、前記演算手段は前記距離が所定距離を超える場合に、加速区間と減速区間と前記所定距離の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して前記追従区間以外の前記区間毎の所要時間を合計して合計値を演算し、当該合計値により前記衝突余裕時間を補正することを特徴とする運転支援装置。   A calculation unit that calculates a collision allowance time based on a distance between the object ahead and the host vehicle and a relative speed; and an alarm unit that issues a warning based on the collision allowance time, and the calculation unit includes a case where the distance exceeds a predetermined distance. In addition, it is divided into a plurality of sections including an acceleration section, a deceleration section, and a follow-up section of the predetermined distance, and the total time is calculated for each section other than the follow-up section, and the total value is calculated. A driving support device that corrects a margin time. 前記複数の区間は前記加速区間と前記減速区間の間に定速区間を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の運転支援装置。   The driving support device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sections include a constant speed section between the acceleration section and the deceleration section. 前方物体と自車両の距離と相対速度に基づいて衝突余裕時間を演算する演算ステップと、前記衝突余裕時間に基づいて警報を行う警報ステップを含み、前記演算ステップにおいて前記距離が所定距離を超える場合に、加速区間と減速区間と前記所定距離の追従区間を含む複数の区間に分割して前記追従区間以外の前記区間毎の所要時間を合計して合計値を演算し、当該合計値により前記衝突余裕時間を補正することを特徴とする運転支援方法。   A calculation step of calculating a collision allowance time based on the distance and relative speed between the object ahead and the host vehicle, and an alarm step of performing an alarm based on the collision allowance time, and the distance exceeds a predetermined distance in the calculation step In addition, it is divided into a plurality of sections including an acceleration section, a deceleration section, and a follow-up section of the predetermined distance, and the total time is calculated for each section other than the follow-up section, and the total value is calculated. A driving support method characterized by correcting a margin time. 請求項3に記載の運転支援方法を実行するプログラム。   A program for executing the driving support method according to claim 3. 請求項4に記載のプログラムを格納した媒体。   A medium storing the program according to claim 4.
JP2012012989A 2012-01-25 2012-01-25 Driving support device, driving support method, program and medium Pending JP2013152605A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10384658B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-08-20 Denso Corporation Estimated time-to-collision (TTC) calculation apparatus and estimated TTC calculation method
CN114419758A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-29 广州小鹏自动驾驶科技有限公司 Vehicle following distance calculation method and device, vehicle and storage medium

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10384658B2 (en) 2014-08-01 2019-08-20 Denso Corporation Estimated time-to-collision (TTC) calculation apparatus and estimated TTC calculation method
CN114419758A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-29 广州小鹏自动驾驶科技有限公司 Vehicle following distance calculation method and device, vehicle and storage medium
CN114419758B (en) * 2022-01-24 2023-04-07 广州小鹏自动驾驶科技有限公司 Vehicle following distance calculation method and device, vehicle and storage medium

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