JP2013063323A - 焦点特性とコヒーレンス・ゲートを制御するために動的フィードバックを用いた、光干渉トモグラフィにおける写像性と感度を改善するための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
焦点特性とコヒーレンス・ゲートを制御するために動的フィードバックを用いた、光干渉トモグラフィにおける写像性と感度を改善するための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】この方法では、参照点を基準にした生体組織試料の表面位置及び必要な遅延走査範囲を検出するために実時間動的光学的フィードバックを用いる。この遅延を、電圧調整可能なガルバノメータによって駆動されるミラーを傾斜/回転することで生み出す。この方法を実現するための撮像プローブ装置を構成した。このプローブは、生体組織表面を見つけるまで、最初に一本の線に沿って走査を行う。生体組織表面は、信号無しの状態からより大きな信号への鋭い推移を見れば特定できる。次に、該プローブが次の線を走査するときには、前回の走査に応じて波形を調整する。最適の走査範囲を決めるためのアルゴリズムを開示した。
【選択図】図9
Description
本出願は、2001年4月30日に出願され、本出願の譲受人に共に譲渡された仮出願第60/287,477号に対する優先権を主張する。先の出願の内容は、本明細書に包括的に組み込まれている。
ΔL=ΔLS−ΔLR
として計算され、このときΔLSは、生体組織表面までのサンプリングアームの距離、ΔLRは、参照アームの光経路である。
図9は、本発明の一実施形態によるアルゴリズムの流れ図を示す。比較的大きな走査範囲(ブロック14)(例えば、約3〜10mmであるが、他の範囲を適切なものとして用いてもよい)で、ブロック12において生体組織表面「S」を十分に見つけるために、ブロック10において最初の走査線が調べられる。表面を見つけるために、少なくとも3つの方法の一つを用いることができる。第1の方法は、アダプティブ閾値(「T」)を用いることである。第2の方法は、1次の導関数dI(z)/dz=D1を用いる。第3の方法は、ゼロを横切る2次の導関数d2I(z)/dz2=D2を用いる。
(1)I(xn,z)=Iacq(xn,z−Sn)
(2)I(xn,z)=Iacq(xn,z−Sn−1)
(3)I(xn,z)=Iacq(xn,z−Sn+1)
ここで、nは、特定の軸線走査を示し、このとき、nはマッピングが行われている所に近接している。
他の実施形態において、本発明は、オートフォーカス・モードで用いることができる。図14は、オートフォーカス・アルゴリズムのための流れ図を示している。
図15は、共焦点顕微鏡検査解析の間の共焦点パラメータ調整に関するアルゴリズムを示す。共焦点パラメータは、R、最適走査ゲート範囲に最適化されている。ブロック210において最初の走査線が調べられた後、(上述したように)最適の格子範囲Rが決定される(ブロック212)。最適の共焦点パラメータ2zRは、ブロック214において算出される。次に、カテーテル共焦点パラメータがブロック216において大体2ze(R+ε)に対して調整変更される。ブロック218において撮像が終了していないならば、次の走査線220に進む。もし走査が終了であれば、ブロック222で終了する。2zR=(2πω0 2)/λである。ここで、ω0はビーム半径、λは波長、2zRは共焦点パラメータである。
図16は、本発明の一実施形態による装置を概略的に示している。この装置の基本的な記述ならびに一連の図面は、オザワらによる米国特許第6,069,698号明細書に見られ、その開示内容は、本明細書に包括系に組み込まれている。図16の関連する部材の基本的な記載は、オザワらによる図1に対応する。
2・・・低干渉性光源
3,5,7,10・・・シングルモードファイバ
4・・・光カップラ部
6・・・光ロータリジョイント
8・・・光走査プローブ
9・・・コネクタ部
11・・・生体組織
12・・・フォトダイオード
13・・・回転駆動ユニット
14・・・光路長の可変機構
16・・・グレーティング(回折格子)
18・・・1軸ステージ
19・・・ガルバノメータミラー
20・・・ガルバノメータコントローラ
23・・・復調器
25・・・コンピュータ
S・・・表面位置
R・・・走査範囲
Claims (30)
- 実時間フィードバック及び補正により参照点に対する一表面位置を撮像する撮像方法であって、
(a)最初の走査線を取り、
(b)表面位置Sを見つけ、
(c)最適の走査範囲Rを見つけ、
(d)前記最適の走査範囲データをメモリ記憶装置に保存し、
(e)参照アーム遅延波形を調整変更して、出力を供給し、
(f)前記波形の前記出力データをメモリ記憶装置に保存し、
(g)参照アームに前記出力を出力し、
(h)前記画像が全てかどうかを調べ、
(i)前記画像が完全でない場合には、次の走査線まで動かすか、あるいは前記画像が完全である場合には、前記メモリ記憶装置内に蓄えられた前記表面Sデータ及び前記波形データを用いて前記画像を再マッピングし、
(j)前記画像を保存するか画面に表示する
ステップを有する撮像方法。 - 請求項1に記載の撮像方法において、
追加の画像が撮られる追加の走査線をさらに取って、上記ステップ(a)から(j)を繰り返すステップ(k)をさらに有していることを特徴とする撮像方法。 - 請求項1の撮像方法において、
前記ステップ(i)の再マッピングを式:
(1)I(Xn,z)=Iacq(Xn,z−Sn)
に従って行うことを特徴とする撮像方法。
ここで、nは特定の軸線走査を意味しかつマッピングが行われるところに近く、xは軸線走査の横方向位置、zは走査における深さ位置、Iacqは集められた画像強度、そしてSnは走査nにおける表面距離である。 - 請求項1に記載の撮像方法において、
前記ステップ(i)の再マッピングを式:
(2)I(Xn,z)=Iacq(Xn,z−Sn−1)
に従って行うことを特徴とする撮像方法。
ここで、nは特定の軸線走査を意味しかつマッピングが行われるところに近く、xは軸線走査の横方向位置、zは走査における深さ位置、Iacqは集められた画像強度、そしてSnは走査nにおける表面距離である。 - 請求項1に記載の撮像方法において、
前記ステップ(i)の再マッピングを式:
(3)I(Xn,z)=Iacq(Xn,z−Sn+1)
に従って行うことを特徴とする撮像方法。
ここで、nは特定の軸線走査を意味しかつマッピングが行われるところに近く、xは軸線走査の横方向位置、zは走査における深さ位置、Iacqは集められた画像強度、そしてSnは走査nにおける表面距離である。 - 撮像カテーテルを用いてオートフォーカスモードで実時間フィードバック及び補正により参照点に対する一表面位置を撮像する撮像方法であって、
(a)最初の走査線を取り、
(b)表面位置Sを見つけ、
(c)zを深さを表す変数、εを画素ないし増加分として、大体z>(S+ε)に対してサンプリングアーム焦点を調整変更し、
(d)z=S+εにおける信号I(z)をチェックし、
(e)I(z)が最適化されていない場合には、前記サンプリングアーム焦点を調整変更し、I(z)が最適化されている場合には、次の走査線まで動かす
ステップを有する撮像方法。 - 請求項6に記載の撮像方法において、
画像が完全でない場合には、次の走査線まで動かして、上記ステップ(b)から(e)を繰り返すステップ(f)をさらに有していることを特徴とする撮像方法。 - カテーテルによる共焦点顕微鏡のパラメータを調整する方法であって、
(a)最初の走査線を取り、
(b)最適の走査範囲Rを画定し、
(c)w0をビーム半径とし、λを波長とし、2zRを共焦点パラメータとして、2zR=2πw02/λと表すときに、最適の共焦点パラメータ2zRを算出し、
(d)εを画素ないし変化量としたときに、大体2ze>(R+ε)となるように、前記カテーテル共焦点パラメータを調整する
ステップを有する方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
画像が完全でない場合には、次の走査線まで動かして、上記ステップ(b)から(d)を繰り返すステップ(e)をさらに有していることを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
(a)走査データを含む曲線を平滑化し、
(b)略信号がゼロ、である遠い点zを選び、I(zmax)がノイズであるようにし、
(c)I(z′)>I(zmax)かつR=z′−Sとなるまでzを小さくする
ことを含むステップによって前記走査範囲Rを算出することを特徴とする方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法において、
(a)走査データを含む曲線を平滑化し、
(b)曲線の導関数を取り、
(c)d(I(z′))/dz=0かつR=z′−Sとなるところを特定する
ことを含むステップによって前記走査範囲Rを算出することを特徴とする方法。 - 試料表面を撮像するための光学的撮像装置であって、
(a)低干渉性光ビームを生成する光源と、
(b)光プローブと、
(c)光コネクタによって前記光プローブに着脱自在に接続可能とされて、前記低干渉性光ビームを含んだ基準光と反射された試料光とを互いに干渉可能にする結合器と、
(d)この干渉を検出する検出器と、
(e)前記検出器によって検出された信号に基づいて画像信号を生成するための画像信号生成器と、
(f)基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段と
を有している光学的撮像装置。 - 請求項12に記載の装置において、
前記基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段は、軸上で少なくとも部分的に傾斜及び回転が可能なミラー、ならびに該ミラーを傾斜させかつ回転させるように駆動するガルバノメータを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項13に記載の装置において、
前記ガルバノメータは、印加電圧に比例して前記ミラーを角度的にふれさせるように設けられていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項14に記載の装置において、
前記印加電圧は、前記撮像される表面までの前記プローブからの距離を探知する三角形波ないしセラダイン波を含めた駆動波によって規定されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項15に記載の装置において、
前記ミラーは、深さ方向の走査を実現するように高い周波数で、しかも前記プローブと前記表面との間の距離に対応するオフセットを重ね合わせた状態で前記角度のふれがつけられるように設けられていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項16に記載の装置において、
前記遅延時間は、実時間で設定されるように構成されていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12に記載の装置において、
前記基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段は、時間の関数として変化する格子周期を持つ回折格子を備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項18に記載の装置において、
前記回折格子は、平面であることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項18に記載の装置にいて、
前記回折格子は、ブレーズ型とされていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12に記載の装置において、
前記基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段は、モータで制御される直線変換装置上に、往復するように取り付けられたミラーを備えていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12に記載の装置において、
前記基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段は、ドラムを備え、該ドラムが、該ドラム自身の周りに巻回された少なくとも一つの光学的に伝達するファイバを有しており、さらに、コンピュータからの信号に反応して前記ドラムの直径を変えるための前記ドラムに対して設けられたピエゾ電気ユニットを備え、前記ファイバを引き伸ばしたり緩めたりするように設けられていることを特徴とする装置。 - 請求項12に記載の装置において、
前記基準光伝達遅延時間を付与するための手段は、コンピュータにより制御される回折格子を備え、該回折格子の周期性は、前記回折格子に対して設けられた音響光学変調器の周波数を用いて変えられるように設けられていることを特徴とする装置。 - (a)ハウジングと、
(b)先端部を有して、少なくとも部分的に前記ハウジング内に配置されている光ファイバと、
(c)前記ファイバ先端部の近傍に、前記ハウジングに対して固定されるように設けられたレンズと、
(d)前記レンズに対して設けられたプリズムと、
(e)前記プリズムを回転するための手段と、
(f)前記ファイバが設けられる圧電変換器と、
(g)導電性のワイヤと、
(h)前記変換器を駆動するための手段とを備え、前記光ファイバ先端部と前記レンズとの間の距離を変えるために、前記変換器の長さを変更するように設けられている撮像プローブ。 - (a)ハウジングと、
(b)先端部を有して、少なくとも部分的に前記ハウジング内に配置されている光ファイバと、
(c)前記ファイバ先端部の近傍に、前記ハウジングに対して固定されるように設けられたレンズと、
(d)前記レンズに対して設けられたプリズムと、
(e)前記プリズムを回転するための手段と、
(f)拡張可能な部材と、
(g)前記光ファイバ先端部と前記レンズとの間の距離を制御自在に変更するよう、前記拡張可能な部材にガスもしくは流体を供給するために、前記拡張可能な部材と接続状態にあるチューブとを備えている撮像プローブ。 - (a)ハウジングと、
(b)先端部を有して、少なくとも部分的に前記ハウジング内に配置されている光ファイバと、
(c)前記ファイバ先端部の近傍に、前記ハウジング内に配置されたレンズと、
(d)前記レンズに対して設けられたプリズムと、
(e)前記プリズムを回転するための手段と、
(f)前記レンズが設けられる圧電変換器と、
(g)導電性のワイヤと、
(h)前記変換器を駆動するための手段とを備え、前記プリズムと前記レンズとの間の距離を変えるために、前記変換器の長さを変更するように設けられている撮像プローブ。 - (a)ハウジングと、
(b)先端部を有して、少なくとも部分的に前記ハウジング内に配置されている光ファイバと、
(c)前記ファイバ先端部の近傍に、前記ハウジング内に配置された複数のレンズ要素と、
(d)前記レンズに対して設けられたプリズムと、
(e)前記プリズムを回転するための手段と、
(f)前記複数のレンズ要素の全体の焦点距離を変更するための手段とを備えている撮像プローブ。 - 請求項27に記載の撮像プローブにおいて、
前記焦点距離を変更するための手段は、前記複数のレンズ要素のうち少なくとも2つのレンズ間の相対距離を変更するための手段を備えていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 請求項27に記載の撮像プローブにおいて、
前記複数のレンズ要素は、流体もしくは半流体を内包する柔軟なレンズ外皮を少なくとも一つ備えていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。 - 請求項29に記載の撮像プローブにおいて、
前記流体ないし半流体は、信号に反応して屈折率を変えるように設けられていることを特徴とする撮像プローブ。
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