JP2012142709A - Receiver - Google Patents

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JP2012142709A
JP2012142709A JP2010292814A JP2010292814A JP2012142709A JP 2012142709 A JP2012142709 A JP 2012142709A JP 2010292814 A JP2010292814 A JP 2010292814A JP 2010292814 A JP2010292814 A JP 2010292814A JP 2012142709 A JP2012142709 A JP 2012142709A
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erasure correction
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receiver
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JP5595260B2 (en
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Wataru Matsumoto
渉 松本
Hideo Yoshida
英夫 吉田
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a receiver that shortens a delay time and reduces computational complexity at decoding.SOLUTION: A sequential decoding section 22 performs exclusive OR operations on the received value of a received signal bit or packet and row positions having 1 of a corresponding column and adds the currently calculated values to stored values specific to row positions corresponding to vectors storing row-specific exclusive OR values to perform sequential operations. All rows larger than a maximum index number of a successfully received parity packet are deleted, Gaussian elimination is applied to the remaining matrix to generate a lower triangular matrix, and lost information is regenerated according to the matrix.

Description

本発明は、消失誤り訂正符号として低密度パリティ検査(LDPC:Low−Density Parity−Check)符号を採用した通信システムにおける受信機に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a receiver in a communication system employing a low density parity check (LDPC) code as an erasure error correction code.

一般に、消失訂正符号化/復号の通信システムでは、送信側が、パケット生成部、消失訂正符号化部、及び送信部を備え、一方、受信側は、受信部、復号部、及び情報ビット再生部を備えている。送信側装置の消失訂正符号化部は、消失訂正符号として例えばLDPC符号を用いて、情報ビットをパケット単位で符号化し、送信部より通信路へ送出する。また、受信側装置の受信部は、通信路により部分的に消失したパケット列を受信し、復号部が受信成功したパケットに基づいてガウス消去法等を用いて消失したパケットを復号する(例えば、特許文献1参照)。   Generally, in a communication system for erasure correction encoding / decoding, the transmission side includes a packet generation unit, an erasure correction encoding unit, and a transmission unit, while the reception side includes a reception unit, a decoding unit, and an information bit reproduction unit. I have. The erasure correction encoding unit of the transmission side device encodes information bits in units of packets using, for example, an LDPC code as the erasure correction code, and sends the information bit to the communication path from the transmission unit. Further, the receiving unit of the receiving device receives a packet sequence that has been partially lost due to the communication path, and decodes the lost packet using a Gaussian elimination method or the like based on the packet that the decoding unit has successfully received (for example, Patent Document 1).

先ず、一般的な従来の復号法を説明する。
一般に消失訂正符号の復号はガウス消去法により行う。以降、簡単にガウス消去法の説明を行う。説明を簡略化するため、以降、各パケットは1ビットの情報で構成されているものとする。実際は、以降で示す処理は各パケットに複数ビットが含まれており、同じ処理を並列して実行するものである。
First, a general conventional decoding method will be described.
In general, the erasure correction code is decoded by a Gaussian elimination method. Hereinafter, the Gaussian elimination method will be briefly described. In order to simplify the description, it is assumed that each packet is composed of 1-bit information. Actually, the processing shown below includes a plurality of bits in each packet, and the same processing is executed in parallel.

符号語v=(u|p)とし、u=(u ・・・ u)を情報ベクトル、p=(p … p)をパリティベクトルとする。
例えばvに対応する誤り訂正符号のパリティ検査行列を

Figure 2012142709
とする。○は行番号を示す。このHはH・v=0を満たす。 Let codeword v = (u | p), u = (u 1 u 2 ... U k ) be an information vector, and p = (p 1 p 2 ... P m ) be a parity vector.
For example, the parity check matrix of the error correction code corresponding to v is

Figure 2012142709
And ○ indicates a line number. This H satisfies H · v = 0.

上記パリティ検査行列は、情報4パケット、パリティ6パケットの符号語に対応した検査行列である。この検査行列のパリティ部を単位行列に変換できるように行加算を行う。

Figure 2012142709
この処理により、パリティパケット部分が単位行列になる為、以下のように列が情報パケット、行がパリティパケットに対応するようにできる。但し、この操作によりAの1の個数は非常に増大する。

Figure 2012142709
The parity check matrix is a check matrix corresponding to codewords of information 4 packets and parity 6 packets. Row addition is performed so that the parity part of the parity check matrix can be converted into a unit matrix.

Figure 2012142709
As a result of this processing, the parity packet portion becomes a unit matrix, so that columns can correspond to information packets and rows can correspond to parity packets as follows. However, this operation greatly increases the number of A's.

Figure 2012142709

例えば、u=(u)=(0 1 0 1)とすると、p=A・uより、正しいパリティベクトルはp=(p)=(1 1 1 1 0 1)となる。
今、受信機において、受信パケット成功が(u,u,p,p)=(0,1,1,1)とすると、

Figure 2012142709
のp,pがそれぞれ2行目と3行目にそれぞれ対応する為、それらの行を用いて以下の計算用行列を用意する。

Figure 2012142709
For example, if u = (u 1 u 2 u 3 u 4 ) = (0 1 0 1), the correct parity vector is p = (p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 from p T = A · u T. p 6 ) = (1 1 1 1 0 1).
Now, if the reception packet success is (u 1 , u 2 , p 2 , p 3 ) = (0, 1 , 1 , 1 ) in the receiver,

Figure 2012142709
P 2 and p 3 correspond to the second and third rows, respectively, so that the following calculation matrix is prepared using these rows.

Figure 2012142709

この行列にガウス消去法をかけて以下の下三角行列を右半分の部分行列として含む行列に変換する。

Figure 2012142709
この行列よりu,u,p,p=0,1,0,0を用いて後退代入により、(u,u)=(0,1)を解くことができる。 This matrix is converted to a matrix containing the following lower triangular matrix as a right half submatrix by applying the Gaussian elimination method.

Figure 2012142709
From this matrix, (u 3 , u 4 ) = (0, 1) can be solved by backward substitution using u 1 , u 2 , p 2 , p 3 = 0, 1, 0, 0.

この計算法に基づき、従来では、実際の通信において以下の手順で復号を行っていた。
(準備)事前に受信機側では行列Aの情報を保存しているものとする。
(手順1)パケットを受信後にそのパケットの誤り検知を行う。
(手順2)(手順1)において、もし誤りがあれば(消失パケット)、何も行わない。
(手順3)(手順1)において、もし誤りが無ければ、受信成功パケットを保存する。また、パリティパケットを受信した場合、ガウス消去法を行い、情報パケット内の消失パケット数と上記の処理に従うガウス消去法後の行列のランクが等しいかどうか確認する。
(手順4)(手順3)において、もしランクが等しくなければ、次の受信成功パケットを待つ。
(手順5)(手順3)において、もしランクが等しければ、受信成功パケットの保存を停止し、上記の処理に従うガウス消去法後の行列に従い受信成功した全てのパケットを用いて消失パケットの計算を行う。
Based on this calculation method, conventionally, decoding is performed in the following procedure in actual communication.
(Preparation) Information on the matrix A is stored in advance on the receiver side.
(Procedure 1) After receiving a packet, error detection of the packet is performed.
(Procedure 2) In (Procedure 1), if there is an error (lost packet), nothing is done.
(Procedure 3) In (Procedure 1), if there is no error, the reception success packet is stored. When a parity packet is received, a Gaussian elimination method is performed to check whether the number of lost packets in the information packet is equal to the rank of the matrix after the Gaussian elimination method according to the above processing.
(Procedure 4) In (Procedure 3), if the ranks are not equal, the next reception success packet is awaited.
(Procedure 5) In (Procedure 3), if the ranks are equal, the storage of the reception success packet is stopped, and the lost packet is calculated using all the packets successfully received according to the matrix after the Gaussian elimination method according to the above processing. Do.

国際公開第07/072721号パンフレットInternational Publication No. 07/072721 Pamphlet

従来手順は以上のようになっており、ガウス消去法のランクの確認により、全ての消失パケットが復号可能と判断してから一括して復号を行うため、パケットの排他的論理和(EXOR)計算が集中し、その計算時間が伝送遅延に支配的になってしまう課題があった。また、検査行列を、列を情報パケット、行をパリティパケットに対応するように変換する際、非常に1の密度が大きくなってしまい、計算量が増大するという問題があった。   The conventional procedure is as described above. Since it is determined that all lost packets can be decoded by checking the rank of the Gaussian elimination method, the exclusive OR (EXOR) calculation of the packets is performed. However, there is a problem that the calculation time becomes dominant in the transmission delay. Further, when the parity check matrix is converted to correspond to an information packet and a row corresponds to a parity packet, there is a problem that the density of 1 becomes very large and the calculation amount increases.

この発明は上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、遅延時間の短縮が可能で、かつ、復号時の計算量を削減することのできる受信機を得ることを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a receiver capable of reducing the delay time and reducing the amount of calculation at the time of decoding.

この発明に係る受信機は、消失訂正を行う為の消失訂正符号を用いて符号化された信号を受信し、消失訂正符号を復号して消失訂正を行う受信機において、消失訂正符号の検査行列に対して、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルを用意し、受信した信号のビットあるいはパケットに対してその受信値と対応する列の1の有る行位置との排他的論理和の計算を行い、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルに対応する行位置毎に格納されている値に現在計算した値を加算して、逐次計算を行うと共に、受信成功したパリティパケットの最大のインデックスの数字よりも大きい行を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生する逐次復号部を備えたものである。   A receiver according to the present invention receives a signal encoded using an erasure correction code for performing erasure correction, and decodes the erasure correction code to perform erasure correction. For this, a vector for storing the value of the exclusive OR for each row is prepared, and the exclusive OR of the received value and the row position where the corresponding column is 1 for the bit or packet of the received signal is prepared. The current calculated value is added to the value stored for each row position corresponding to the vector storing the exclusive OR value for each row, and the sequential calculation is performed. Equipped with a sequential decoding unit that deletes all rows larger than the number of the maximum index of the packet, generates a lower triangular matrix by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, and reproduces the lost information based on the matrix Is a thing

この発明の受信機は、受信した信号のビットあるいはパケットに対してその受信値と対応する列の1の有る行位置との排他的論理和の計算を行い、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルに対応する行位置毎に格納されている値に現在計算した値を加算して、逐次計算を行うと共に、受信成功したパリティパケットの最大のインデックスの数字よりも大きい行を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生するようにしたので、遅延時間の短縮が可能で、かつ、復号時の計算量を削減することができる。   The receiver according to the present invention calculates the exclusive OR of the received value and the row position where the corresponding column has 1 for the bit or packet of the received signal, and the value of the exclusive OR for each row Adds the currently calculated value to the value stored for each row position corresponding to the vector storing the value, performs sequential calculation, and deletes all rows larger than the number of the largest index of the parity packet that was successfully received. Since the lower triangular matrix is generated by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix and the lost information is reproduced based on the matrix, the delay time can be shortened and the amount of calculation at the time of decoding is reduced. Can be reduced.

この発明の実施の形態1による受信機を用いた通信システムを示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the communication system using the receiver by Embodiment 1 of this invention. この発明の実施の形態1による受信機の復号時間を従来と比較して示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the decoding time of the receiver by Embodiment 1 of this invention compared with the past.

実施の形態1.
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による受信機を備えた通信システムのブロック図である。
図1に示す通信システムは、消失誤り訂正符号としてLDPC符号を用いる。送信機10は、パケット生成部11と、消失訂正符号化部12と、送信部13とを備え、受信機20は、受信部21と、逐次復号部22と、情報ビット再生部23とを備える。
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system including a receiver according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The communication system shown in FIG. 1 uses an LDPC code as an erasure error correction code. The transmitter 10 includes a packet generation unit 11, an erasure correction encoding unit 12, and a transmission unit 13. The receiver 20 includes a reception unit 21, a sequential decoding unit 22, and an information bit reproduction unit 23. .

送信機10において、パケット生成部11は、検査行列を用いて、情報ビットからパケットを生成する。消失訂正符号化部12は、パケットを消失誤り訂正符号化する。送信部13は、符号化されたパケットを通信路30を経由して受信機20へ送信する。
受信機20において、受信部21は、通信路30を経由して送信機10から送信されたパケットを受信する。逐次復号部22は、受信したパケットを一時保存するバッファを有し、これらパケットに対して、誤り検出及び消失訂正を行う。即ち、逐次復号部22は、消失訂正符号の検査行列に対して、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルを用意し、受信した信号のビットあるいはパケットに対してその受信値と対応する列の1の有る行位置とのEXOR計算を行い、行毎のEXORの値を格納するベクトルに対応する行位置毎に格納されている値に現在計算した値を加算して、逐次計算を行うと共に、受信成功したパリティパケットの最大のインデックスの数字よりも大きい行を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生する。情報ビット再生部23は、復号化したパケットを結合して、情報ビットを生成する。
In transmitter 10, packet generator 11 generates a packet from information bits using a check matrix. The erasure correction encoding unit 12 performs erasure error correction encoding on the packet. The transmission unit 13 transmits the encoded packet to the receiver 20 via the communication path 30.
In the receiver 20, the reception unit 21 receives a packet transmitted from the transmitter 10 via the communication path 30. The sequential decoding unit 22 has a buffer for temporarily storing received packets, and performs error detection and erasure correction on these packets. That is, the sequential decoding unit 22 prepares a vector for storing an exclusive OR value for each row for the check matrix of the erasure correction code, and corresponds to the received value for the bit or packet of the received signal. EXOR calculation is performed with the row position where 1 is in the column to be added, the currently calculated value is added to the value stored for each row position corresponding to the vector storing the value of EXOR for each row, and the sequential calculation is performed. In addition, all rows larger than the number of the largest index of the parity packet that was successfully received are deleted, and a lower triangular matrix is generated by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, and the lost information is reproduced based on that matrix To do. The information bit reproducing unit 23 combines the decrypted packets to generate information bits.

以下、受信機20における逐次復号部22の動作について説明する。
(準備)事前に受信機20側では行列Hの情報を保存しているものとする。なお、HはLDPC符号などの1の密度が小さい行列である場合が多い。また、行数と同じ長さで要素が全て0のベクトルRを用意しているものとする。
(手順1)パケットを受信後にそのパケットの誤り検知を行う。
(手順2)(手順1)において、もし誤りがあれば(消失パケット)、何も行わない。
(手順3)(手順1)において、もし誤りが無ければ、以下の操作を行う。
(手順4)受信成功パケットに対し対応する列の中で1が立っている行毎にベクトルR内の対応する行の値とEXOR計算を行う。
Hereinafter, the operation of the sequential decoding unit 22 in the receiver 20 will be described.
(Preparation) Information on the matrix H is stored in advance on the receiver 20 side. In many cases, H is a matrix having a small density of 1, such as an LDPC code. Further, it is assumed that a vector R having the same length as the number of rows and having all elements of 0 is prepared.
(Procedure 1) After receiving a packet, error detection of the packet is performed.
(Procedure 2) In (Procedure 1), if there is an error (lost packet), nothing is done.
(Procedure 3) In (Procedure 1), if there is no error, the following operation is performed.
(Procedure 4) The EXOR calculation is performed with the value of the corresponding row in the vector R for each row where 1 stands in the column corresponding to the successful reception packet.

例:u=0受信時

Figure 2012142709

Figure 2012142709
Example: When u 1 = 0 is received

Figure 2012142709

Figure 2012142709

例:u=1受信時

Figure 2012142709

Figure 2012142709
Example: When u 2 = 1 is received

Figure 2012142709

Figure 2012142709

Figure 2012142709
Figure 2012142709

例:u,u,pを消失し、p=0,p=0受信時
以上の冗長パケット部分に対応する列と4行目以降の行を削除する(この例では存在しないが存在する場合はこの操作を行う)。

Figure 2012142709
Example: When u 3 , u 4 , and p 1 are lost and p 2 = 0 and p 3 = 0 are received, the column corresponding to the redundant packet portion of p 4 or more and the fourth and subsequent rows are deleted (in this example, If it doesn't exist but does exist, do this).

Figure 2012142709

(手順5)(手順4)において、もし消失したパケット数以上のランクでなければ、次の受信成功パケットを待つ。

Figure 2012142709
以上の手順により逐次復号が可能となる。 (Procedure 5) In (Procedure 4), if the rank is not more than the number of lost packets, the next reception success packet is waited for.
Figure 2012142709
Sequential decoding is possible by the above procedure.

図2は、パケット消失訂正の復号時間の配分イメージを示す説明図である。
ガウス消去法によりランクの確認をして復号可能と判断した時点から復号完了するまでの時間をTdecとする。図示のように、ガウス消去法後の行列に対し、従来方式では情報パケット長全ての計算を一括して行っていた為、情報パケット長分全てのEXOR計算が必要であり、これに要した時間とガウス消去法にかかる時間がTdecとなる。しかし、実施の形態1の逐次復号方式では、受信成功パケットの部分は各受信成功パケットの入力時点で計算が完了している為、ランクOKが出てからEXOR計算すればいいのはパリティパケットの受信成功パケット長分のみでいいことになり、これに要した時間とガウス消去法にかかる時間が大幅に短縮できる。
また、計算に要する検査行列は密度の低い行列である為、計算量も小さく抑える事ができる。
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a distribution image of decoding time for packet loss correction.
Let T dec be the time from when the rank is confirmed by the Gaussian elimination method to the time when decoding is possible until decoding is completed. As shown in the figure, for the matrix after the Gaussian elimination method, since the calculation of all the information packet lengths is performed in a lump in the conventional method, the EXOR calculation for all the information packet lengths is necessary, and the time required for this is calculated. And the time required for Gaussian elimination is T dec . However, in the sequential decoding method according to the first embodiment, since the calculation of the portion of the reception success packet is completed at the time of input of each reception success packet, it is only necessary to perform the EXOR calculation after the rank OK is obtained. Only the length of the successfully received packet is required, and the time required for this and the time required for the Gaussian elimination method can be greatly reduced.
In addition, since the check matrix required for the calculation is a low density matrix, the amount of calculation can be reduced.

以上のように、実施の形態1の受信機によれば、消失訂正を行う為の消失訂正符号を用いて符号化された信号を受信し、消失訂正符号を復号して消失訂正を行う受信機において、消失訂正符号の検査行列に対して、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルを用意し、受信した信号のビットあるいはパケットに対して、その受信値と対応する列の1の有る行位置との排他的論理和の計算を行い、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルに対応する行位置毎に格納されている値に現在計算した値を加算して、逐次計算を行うと共に、受信成功したパリティパケットの最大のインデックスの数字よりも大きい行を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生する逐次復号部を備えたので、遅延時間の短縮が可能で、かつ、復号時の計算量を削減することができる。   As described above, according to the receiver of the first embodiment, a receiver that receives a signal encoded using an erasure correction code for performing erasure correction, decodes the erasure correction code, and performs erasure correction. In the check matrix of the erasure correction code, a vector for storing the value of the exclusive OR for each row is prepared, and for the bit or packet of the received signal, 1 of the column corresponding to the received value Calculates the exclusive OR with a certain row position, and adds the currently calculated value to the value stored for each row position corresponding to the vector that stores the exclusive OR value for each row, and sequentially Information that was calculated and deleted all rows larger than the number of the largest index of the parity packet that was successfully received, generated a lower triangular matrix by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, and lost information based on that matrix Sequential recovery to play Since with the parts, it can be shortened delay time, and it is possible to reduce the calculation amount at the time of decoding.

また、実施の形態1の受信機によれば、逐次復号部は、受信成功した情報部分の検査行列の列を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生するようにしたので、EXOR計算に要する時間とガウス消去法にかかる時間を短縮することができる。   Further, according to the receiver of Embodiment 1, the sequential decoding unit deletes all the check matrix columns of the information part that has been successfully received, generates a lower triangular matrix by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, Since the lost information is reproduced based on the matrix, the time required for the EXOR calculation and the time required for the Gaussian elimination method can be reduced.

また、実施の形態1の受信機によれば、逐次復号部は、受信成功毎に逐次計算を行い、行と列を削除したあとの行列のランクが消失した情報と同じになったところで消失訂正処理を行うようにしたので、計算量を削減することができる。   Also, according to the receiver of the first embodiment, the sequential decoding unit performs sequential calculation for each successful reception, and the erasure correction is performed when the rank of the matrix after deleting the rows and columns becomes the same as the information that has been lost. Since processing is performed, the amount of calculation can be reduced.

尚、本願発明はその発明の範囲内において、実施の形態の任意の構成要素の変形、もしくは実施の形態の任意の構成要素の省略が可能である。   In the present invention, any constituent element of the embodiment can be modified or any constituent element of the embodiment can be omitted within the scope of the invention.

10 送信機、11 パケット生成部、12 消失訂正符号化部、13 送信部、20 受信機、21 受信部、22 逐次復号部、23 情報ビット再生部、30 通信路。   10 transmitter, 11 packet generation unit, 12 erasure correction coding unit, 13 transmission unit, 20 receiver, 21 reception unit, 22 sequential decoding unit, 23 information bit reproduction unit, 30 communication path.

Claims (3)

消失訂正を行う為の消失訂正符号を用いて符号化された信号を受信し、当該消失訂正符号を復号して前記消失訂正を行う受信機において、
前記消失訂正符号の検査行列に対して、行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルを用意し、受信した信号のビットあるいはパケットに対してその受信値と対応する列の1の有る行位置との排他的論理和の計算を行い、前記行毎の排他的論理和の値を格納するベクトルに対応する行位置毎に格納されている値に現在計算した値を加算して、逐次計算を行うと共に、受信成功したパリティパケットの最大のインデックスの数字よりも大きい行を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生する逐次復号部を備えたことを特徴とする受信機。
In a receiver that receives a signal encoded using an erasure correction code for performing erasure correction, decodes the erasure correction code, and performs the erasure correction,
For the check matrix of the erasure correction code, a vector for storing an exclusive OR value for each row is prepared, and for a received signal bit or packet, a row having one column corresponding to the received value Calculate the exclusive OR with the position, and add the currently calculated value to the value stored for each row position corresponding to the vector that stores the exclusive OR value for each row, and calculate sequentially And delete all rows larger than the number of the largest index of the parity packet that has been successfully received, generate a lower triangular matrix by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, and delete the lost information based on that matrix. A receiver comprising a sequential decoding unit for reproduction.
逐次復号部は、受信成功した情報部分の検査行列の列を全て削除し、残った行列に対してガウス消去法により下三角行列を生成し、その行列に基づいて消失した情報を再生することを特徴とする請求項1記載の受信機。   The sequential decoding unit deletes all columns of the check matrix of the information part that has been successfully received, generates a lower triangular matrix by Gaussian elimination for the remaining matrix, and reproduces the lost information based on the matrix. The receiver according to claim 1. 逐次復号部は、受信成功毎に逐次計算を行い、行と列を削除したあとの行列のランクが消失した情報と同じになったところで消失訂正処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項2記載の受信機。   The sequential decoding unit performs sequential calculation for each successful reception, and performs erasure correction processing when the rank of the matrix after deleting rows and columns becomes the same as the information that has disappeared. Receiving machine.
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