JP2012076726A - Ballast pumping and drainage device - Google Patents

Ballast pumping and drainage device Download PDF

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JP2012076726A
JP2012076726A JP2010235913A JP2010235913A JP2012076726A JP 2012076726 A JP2012076726 A JP 2012076726A JP 2010235913 A JP2010235913 A JP 2010235913A JP 2010235913 A JP2010235913 A JP 2010235913A JP 2012076726 A JP2012076726 A JP 2012076726A
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ballast
hull
bulkhead
ballast tank
water
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JP5424155B2 (en
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Eiji Koike
英治 小池
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ballast pumping and drainage device that is eliminated in complicated piping and a sea water pump, simple in structure, and can perform the pumping and drainage work of ballast water in ballast tanks which are paired at left and right sides in a sort time.SOLUTION: In a hull 1 of a double lead-shell construction, a bottom space is defined by a vertical partition 4, lateral partitions 51, 52, 53 and 54, and rear lateral partitions 61, 62 and 63, and also there are defined working chambers 71, 72 and 73, and the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86. An air supply device 9 is connected to the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85 and 86. In the vicinity of the stern-side lateral partitions 51, 52, 53 and 54, and the rear lateral partitions 61, 62 and 63 in the ballast tanks which are paired at the right and left sides, lower ends of branched pipes are opened slightly above an outer plate of the hull, and the branched pipes are extended into the working chambers 71, 72 and 73 while penetrating the partitions water-tightly. The branched pipes are merged with a main pipe in the working chambers 71, 72 and 73. The main pipe is opened to and communicates with sea chests arranged at the working chambers 71, 72 and 73.

Description

本発明は、二重船殻構造の底部空間を区画して設けた左右対となるバラストタンクにバラストを短時間で注入或は排水可能で、しかも複雑な配管を不要としたバラスト注排水装置に関する。  The present invention relates to a ballast pouring / draining apparatus that can inject or drain ballast in a short time in a pair of left and right ballast tanks provided by dividing a bottom space of a double hull structure and that does not require complicated piping. .

船舶、特に貨物船や油槽船は積載貨物等の重量を含めて設計されているため、空荷であるとホールドや巨大なタンクが全て浮力を持つため船体が異常に浮き上り船尾の舵やプロペラ、船首のバルバスバウが海面上に出て推進効率の低下や過回転による機関や軸受の原因となり、又、喫水が下がり船舶が浮いて横波や横風に対して不安定になり転覆し易く、又、死角領域が拡大して小型船が見えなくなり衝突の危険が生じ、外力に対して応力強度が低下し遭難の危険が生じるという支障が生じる。そこで、船体にバラストタンクを設け、バラストタンクに海水（バラスト水）を積んで重し替りとし浮力の相殺を行って船体を安定させる対策がとられている。
通常、二重船殻構造を有する船舶の船体外板と船体内板との間に設けられた底部又は／及び両舷側の空間部を隔壁で区画された各空間部がバラストタンクとして使用されている（例えば、特許文献１〜６、非特許文献１〜３参照）。
バラストタンクは、バラスト水を圧送するポンプを具備する注排水管を船底縦中心線上に船首尾方向に配設し、注排水管を主管として左右両側方に分岐する枝管先端を各バラストタンクに夫々連通開口させ、圧送ポンプにより汲み上げた海水を注排水管を経由して枝管に導出しバラストタンクにバラスト水として注水していた。又、バラストタンクよりバラスト水を船外へ排水する場合、ポンプで吸い上げられたバラスト水は枝管から注排水管を通過して船体外へ排水するようにしているのが一般的である（例えば、特許文献４の［００１９］の段、図面の［図２］及び［図４］）。
又、船首尾方向に隔壁により区画され船体縦中心線を中心とし左右対称に設けられた数十個のバラストタンクには上甲板に通じる空気抜き管を夫々設け、船体に設けたバラスト注排水装置と連通接続されたバラスト主管を船体縦中心線上に配設し、このバラスト主管から左右両側方に分岐させた左右枝管はバルブを介装して左右のバラストタンクの船尾側隔壁近傍にて注排水可能に各バラストタンクに連通開口しているものが提案されている（特許文献６の［０００３］の段及び図面の［図４］参照）。特許文献６の図４に示されるバラスト注排水装置を改良し、シーチェストと連通すると共にバラストポンプが介装されたバラスト主管を船体縦中心線上に配設し、バラスト主管から分岐した枝管のベルマウスを左右対となるバラストタンクに於ける船尾側船体外板と隙間を有して対向させ、バラストタンクの船首側には左右対となるバラストタンクの対向隔壁の下部に短管を夫々開口連通すると共に短管長さ方向中央位置に短管と直交垂下する枝管下端を船体外板に開口するフリーフロー装置を設け、バラストポンプの駆動によりバラストタンク内のバラスト水がバラスト主管を通ってシーチェストより船外へ排水し、フリーフロー装置の枝管下端開口より海水を吸水してバラストタンクに注水し、バラストを満載にした状態下でバラストを置換可能にしたバラスト置換装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献６参照）。
しかしながら、上記船体縦中心線上に主管を配管したものは、船首尾方向に長い主管と、左右方向に分岐する多数の枝管、圧送ポンプ及び空気抜き管を必要とするため、多数の配管及び配管用スペースを必要とし、配管作業工程に長時間を要していた。又、長い主管を必要とし配管が多いため配管に生じた穿孔を発見する作業が困難で、配管メンテナンス作業に手間を要していたという問題点があった。
バラストタンクの上面には空気抜き管を、側壁には開閉可能なバラスト出口を、底部には船体外に連通しモーターの駆動により回転動するファンを配設した開口を設けた構造のものや、側壁上部に逆止弁を設けたバラストタンクの側壁に吸気弁を介装した空気抜き管を具備したバラストタンクの底部にファンを内側に配設した開口を設けたものが提案されている（非特許文献４参照）。
非特許文献４に記載の駆動用モーターのモーター軸にファンを取り付けファンの回転動によりするバラスト水の注排をする注排装置は、圧送ポンプでバラスト水を注排する場合と比較して注排水時間が短縮される長所があるものの、バラストタンクにモーターが内装されているためモーターがバラスト水に浸漬することによりモーターが短寿命化し、又、消費電力量が極めて大なため非経済的であり、実用性がないという問題点があった。
又、船底板に開口連通する連通管を隔壁に連通開口させたバラストタンク内にピストンを往復動可能に配設し、バラストタンクにシリンダーとしての作用をなさしめ、連通管開口から入り込むバラスト水をピストンの位置により調整するようにした構造のものが提案されている（非特許文献４、特許文献７参照）。
しかしながら、バラストタンク内に設けたピストンの往復動でバラスト水の注排をする注排装置は、バラストタンク自体の重量が大になり注排水時に重心が変化するため２つのシリンダーを船体の前後に設置する必要性があり、又、バラストタンクにバラストを満注水すると船体内に圧力が負荷し小型船舶には不適切であるという問題点があった。
実開平６−１６１９０号公報 特開平７−４０８８０号公報 特開平６−２９８１７１号公報 特開２００９−２４８８６１号公報 特開２００９−２４８８６３号公報 特開２００２−１８７５９０号公報 特開２００８−１８９２０５号公報 新日本石油タンカーのインターネット上のホームページ ＪＦＥスチール株式会社のインターネット上のホームページ 株式会社ザ・システムのインターネット上のホームページ バラストタンク図解集のインターネット上のホームページ Ships, especially cargo ships and oil tankers, are designed to include the weight of the loaded cargo, etc., so that if they are empty, the hold and huge tanks all have buoyancy, so the hull rises abnormally and the stern rudder and propeller , The Barbusbau of the bow comes out on the sea surface and causes engine and bearings due to reduced propulsion efficiency and excessive rotation, and the draft falls and the ship floats and becomes unstable against cross waves and cross winds, and easily overturns. The blind spot area is enlarged, and the small ship cannot be seen, causing a danger of collision, causing a problem that the stress intensity is reduced with respect to external force and the risk of distress occurs. Therefore, a countermeasure is taken to stabilize the hull by providing a ballast tank in the hull and loading seawater (ballast water) in the ballast tank to replace the buoyancy.
Normally, each space part, which is divided between the bottom part and / or the space part on both sides of the ship between the hull outer plate and the hull plate of a ship having a double hull structure, is used as a ballast tank. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 to 6 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
Ballast tanks have a drainage pipe equipped with a pump for pumping ballast water arranged in the fore-and-aft direction on the bottom vertical center line, and each ballast tank has a branch pipe tip that branches into the left and right sides of the pipe. The seawater pumped by the pressure feed pump was opened to the branch pipes through the injection and drainage pipes, and poured into the ballast tank as ballast water. When ballast water is discharged from the ballast tank to the outside of the ship, the ballast water sucked up by the pump is generally discharged from the branch pipe to the outside of the hull through the pouring drain pipe (for example, [0019] in Patent Document 4, [FIG. 2] and [FIG. 4] in the drawing).
In addition, dozens of ballast tanks that are partitioned by bulkheads in the stern direction and are symmetrically provided with the vertical center line of the hull as the center are provided with air vent pipes that lead to the upper deck, respectively. The connected ballast main pipe is arranged on the vertical center line of the hull, and the left and right branch pipes branched from the ballast main pipe to the left and right sides are inserted and drained near the stern side bulkhead of the left and right ballast tanks. There has been proposed one that is open to communicate with each ballast tank (see [0003] in Patent Document 6 and [FIG. 4] in the drawing). The ballast pouring / draining apparatus shown in FIG. 4 of Patent Document 6 is improved, and a ballast main pipe communicating with a sea chest and having a ballast pump interposed therein is arranged on the longitudinal center line of the hull, and the branch pipe branched from the ballast main pipe The bell mouth is opposed to the stern side hull skin of the left and right ballast tank with a gap, and a short pipe is opened at the bottom of the opposite bulkhead of the left and right ballast tank on the bow side of the ballast tank. A free-flow device that opens the lower end of the branch pipe that hangs perpendicularly to the short pipe to the hull outer plate at the center position in the length direction of the short pipe is provided, and the ballast water in the ballast tank passes through the ballast main pipe by driving the ballast pump. Drain from the chest to the outside of the ship, absorb seawater from the lower end opening of the branch pipe of the free flow device, pour it into the ballast tank, and fill the ballast with the ballast fully loaded. Ballast replacement apparatus capable conversion have been proposed (e.g., see Patent Document 6).
However, pipes with main pipes on the hull vertical center line require a main pipe that is long in the fore-and-aft direction, a large number of branch pipes that branch in the left-right direction, a pumping pump, and an air vent pipe. Space was needed and the piping work process took a long time. Further, since a long main pipe is required and there are many pipes, it is difficult to find the perforations generated in the pipes, and there is a problem that labor is required for the pipe maintenance work.
An air vent pipe on the top surface of the ballast tank, a ballast outlet that can be opened and closed on the side wall, and a structure in which an opening is provided in the bottom portion that is connected to the outside of the hull and is rotated by the drive of a motor. A ballast tank having an air vent pipe with an intake valve provided on the side wall of a ballast tank provided with a check valve on the top is provided with an opening in which a fan is disposed inside (non-patent document). 4).
In the non-patent document 4, a discharge device that attaches a fan to the motor shaft of the driving motor and discharges ballast water by rotating the fan is used in comparison with a case where ballast water is discharged by a pump. Although there is an advantage that drainage time is shortened, the motor is built in the ballast tank, so that the motor is shortened by immersing it in the ballast water, and the power consumption is extremely large. There was a problem that it was not practical.
In addition, a piston is reciprocally placed in a ballast tank that has a communication pipe that communicates with the ship bottom plate. The ballast water enters the ballast tank through the opening of the communication pipe. The thing of the structure adjusted to the position of a piston is proposed (refer nonpatent literature 4 and patent documents 7).
However, since the ballast water is drained by the reciprocating movement of the piston provided in the ballast tank, the weight of the ballast tank itself increases and the center of gravity changes during drainage, so the two cylinders are placed in front of and behind the hull. There is a need to install it, and when ballast tanks are filled with ballast, pressure is applied to the hull, which is inappropriate for small ships.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-16190 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-40880 JP-A-6-298171 JP 2009-248861 A JP 2009-248863 A JP 2002-187590 A JP 2008-189205 A New Japan Oil Tanker website JFE Steel Corporation website The System Corporation website Ballast tank illustration collection on the internet

本願発明は上記従来技術の有する問題点に鑑みて創案されたものであって、主配管等の煩雑な配管や海水ポンプを無くし、簡単な構造で左右対となるバラストタンクのバラスト水の注排水作業を極めて簡便且つ短時間で行い得るバラスト注排装置を提供することを目的とする。  The present invention was devised in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and eliminates complicated piping such as main piping and seawater pumps, and drains and discharges ballast water in a pair of ballast tanks with a simple structure. An object of the present invention is to provide a ballast pouring / dispensing device that can perform the work extremely simply and in a short time.

上記目的を達成するために、本願発明のうち請求項１に記載の発明は、船体外板と船体内板とで構成される二重船殻構造の船体の底部空間部に、船体縦中心線上に縦隔壁を設け、該縦隔壁と直交し、且つ船首尾方向に沿って所定間隔を有して横隔壁を離隔配設し、最前部に位置する横隔壁以外の横隔壁のうち、前記縦隔壁を中心として型幅方向に連続する左右何れか一方の横隔壁から船首方向に所定距離離隔して後横隔壁を設け、前記縦隔壁と横隔壁及び後横隔壁とで底部空間部を気密且つ水密に区画し、区画された空間部のうち前記後横隔壁と、該後横隔壁の船尾側に配設される横隔壁と、前記縦隔壁とで囲まれる空間部を作業室となし、区画された空間部のうち前記作業室を除く各空間部をバラストタンクとし、バラストタンクに空気を給排するための空気給排手段を具備し、バラストタンク内のバラスト水を排水可能に、前記縦隔壁を中心として左右対となる各バラストタンク内の船尾側横隔壁及び後横隔壁の近傍には、船体外板より僅かばかり上方にて支管の下端開口が前記船体外板と対向配設され、支管は隔壁を水密に貫通して作業室内に延設され、作業室内にて前記支管にはバルブが介装されて主管と合流し、左右対となる夫々のバラストタンクに船底から水を注排可能に、前記主管の先端は前記作業室内に設けられたシーチェスト内に開口連通したことを特徴とする。  In order to achieve the above object, the invention described in claim 1 of the invention of the present application is arranged on the vertical center line of the hull in the bottom space portion of the hull having a double hull structure composed of a hull outer plate and a hull plate. A vertical bulkhead is provided on the vertical bulkhead, and the horizontal bulkhead is arranged perpendicularly to the vertical bulkhead and at a predetermined interval along the bow-stern direction. A rear horizontal partition is provided at a predetermined distance in the bow direction from either the left or right horizontal partition that is continuous in the mold width direction with the partition as the center, and the bottom space is hermetically sealed by the vertical partition, the horizontal partition, and the rear horizontal partition. A watertight compartment is formed, and a space portion surrounded by the rear transverse bulkhead, the transverse bulkhead disposed on the stern side of the rear transverse bulkhead, and the vertical bulkhead is formed as a work room, and is partitioned. Each of the spaces excluding the working chamber is a ballast tank, and air is supplied to the ballast tank. It has air supply / discharge means for discharging so that ballast water in the ballast tank can be drained, and in the vicinity of the stern side lateral bulkhead and the rear lateral bulkhead in each ballast tank that is paired on the left and right sides with the vertical bulkhead as the center. The lower end opening of the branch pipe is arranged to be opposed to the hull outer board slightly above the hull outer plate, and the branch pipe extends through the partition wall in a watertight manner. Is connected to the main pipe so that water can be poured into the respective ballast tanks in left and right pairs from the bottom of the ship, and the front end of the main pipe is opened to communicate with a sea chest provided in the work chamber. And

本願発明は、シーチェストに連通開口した主管から分岐した支管を左右対となるバラストタンク内に夫々引き込み、夫々の支管先端をバラストタンク内の船体外板より僅かな隙間を介して船体外板と対向して開口配設しているので、支管に介装した夫々のバルブを開にし空気供給装置から空気を各バラストタンクに供給することで、バラストタンク内の空気の容積を大にすることで、バラスト水は支管から主管を経てシーチェストから排水し、バラストタンク内の空気を排気することでシーチェストから支管を経由して主管から一度に左右対となるバラストタンクにバラスト水の注水作業ができる。最大注排水量は左右対となるバラストタンクの合計容積であることより、注排水作業に要する時間が従来の船首尾方向に長い主管を配設していた注排装置と比較して短縮可能になった。具体的には、同型船で全バラストタンクのバラスト水の注排作業に要する時間は、従来の船首尾方向に長い主管を配設していたバラスト注排装置では２〜４時間を要していたのに対し、本願発明のバラスト注排装置であると注水は約４０分で排水は約２０分で完了し、バラスト注排作業時間の著しい短縮化を実現できるという効果がある。
船体外の水（海水）を注排するためのシーチェストを各作業室に夫々配設しているので、船体内の複数の作業室に設けたシーチェストから夫々注排水し、船体内に於ける水路も短距離であるため、注排水時間が極めて短縮化可能であり、更に配管のメンテナンス作業も容易であるという効果がある。
本願発明は、従来の船首尾方向に長い主管が不要であるため煩雑な配管が無く、造船作業効率が向上し、限られた船体内のスペースを他の用途に有効利用することが可能であるという効果がある。In the present invention, the branch pipes branched from the main pipe communicating with the sea chest are respectively drawn into the left and right ballast tanks, and the front ends of the respective branch pipes are connected to the hull outer plate via a slight gap from the hull outer plate in the ballast tank. Since the openings are arranged opposite to each other, the respective valves interposed in the branch pipes are opened and air is supplied from the air supply device to each ballast tank, thereby increasing the volume of air in the ballast tank. The ballast water is drained from the sea chest through the main pipe from the branch pipe, and the air in the ballast tank is exhausted, so that the ballast water can be poured into the left and right ballast tanks from the main pipe through the branch pipe at the same time. it can. Since the maximum amount of pouring water is the total volume of the left and right ballast tanks, the time required for pouring and draining work can be shortened compared to the conventional pouring device with a long main pipe in the bow-stern direction. It was. Specifically, the time required for the ballast water pouring operation of all the ballast tanks in the same type ship takes 2 to 4 hours in the conventional ballast pouring device in which a long main pipe is disposed in the bow-stern direction. On the other hand, in the ballast pouring / dispensing device of the present invention, the water pouring is completed in about 40 minutes and the water draining is completed in about 20 minutes, so that the ballast pouring / working time can be significantly shortened.
Sea chests for pouring and draining water (seawater) outside the hull are provided in each work room, so water is poured and drained from sea chests provided in multiple work rooms inside the hull. Since the water channel is short, the drainage time can be extremely shortened, and the piping maintenance work is easy.
The present invention does not require a conventional main pipe that is long in the fore-and-aft direction, so there is no complicated piping, the shipbuilding work efficiency is improved, and the limited space in the hull can be effectively used for other purposes. There is an effect.

ポンプを設けることなく船体に設けた空気供給装置に連通接続された空気配管を各バラストタンクに気密に連通接続することで、バラストタンクに空気を供給しバラスト水をシーチェストから排水し、また、バラストタンク内の空気をバラストタンクから空気配管を経由して排気することでシーチェストから海水を吸引するようにし、バラストタンクにバラスト水を注排することを簡単な構造で実現可能にした。左右対となるバラストタンクの一方のバラストタンクの後方外側に夫々専用の作業室を設け、左右対となるバラストタンクの船尾側隔壁近傍の船体外板と隙間を有して支管の下端開口を対向配設することで、多くとも左右対となる２個のバラストタンクのバラスト水を１個のシーチェストから注排し、注排水量を少なくすることで注排作業時間を著しく短縮することを実現した。船首尾方向に延びる１本の長い主管を無くし、各作業室毎に主管が連通開口するシーチェストを夫々設け、主管から分岐した支管を左右対となる２個のバラストタンク内に配設することで配管量を最小長さにし、配管穿孔検査等のメンテナンス作業の容易化を実現した。  Air piping connected to an air supply device provided in the hull without providing a pump is connected in an airtight manner to each ballast tank, thereby supplying air to the ballast tank and draining the ballast water from the sea chest. By discharging the air in the ballast tank from the ballast tank via the air piping, seawater is sucked from the sea chest, and the ballast water can be poured and discharged into the ballast tank with a simple structure. A dedicated working chamber is provided on the rear outside of one of the left and right ballast tanks, and the bottom end of the branch pipe is opposed to the hull skin near the stern bulkhead of the left and right ballast tanks. By arranging it, the ballast water of the two ballast tanks that are paired at the left and right is poured and discharged from one sea chest, and the amount of water to be poured is reduced, so that the time for pouring and discharging is significantly shortened. . One long main pipe extending in the fore-and-aft direction is eliminated, a sea chest is provided for each working chamber, and the branch pipe branched from the main pipe is disposed in two ballast tanks that are paired on the left and right. As a result, the amount of piping has been reduced to the minimum length, and maintenance work such as pipe drilling inspection has been facilitated.

図１〜図５に基いて本願発明の実施例について説明する。船体１は、船体外板２と船体内板３とで構成される二重船殻構造よりなり、船首側にバウスラスター室（図示省略）を設け、船尾側には機関室（図示省略）を設けている。バウスラスター室（図示省略）と機関室（図示省略）との間に於ける船体外板２と船体内板３とで形成される空間部には、船体１の縦中心線上に沿って縦隔壁４が設けられ、且つ縦隔壁４と直交する横隔壁５１、５２、５３、５４を船首尾方向に所定間隔離隔して平行に配設している。又、最前に配設される横隔壁５１を除く横隔壁５２、５３、５４から船首方向に所定間隔を有して平行に離隔した後横隔壁６１、６２、６３が配設されている。船体外板２と船体内板３とで形成される空間部は、縦隔壁４、横隔壁５１、５２、５３、５４及び後横隔壁６１、６２、６３により区画され、これら区画された空間部のうち縦隔壁４と横隔壁５２と後横隔壁６１とで囲まれた空間部を作業室７１とし、縦隔壁４と横隔壁５３と後横隔壁６２とで囲まれた空間部を作業室７２とし、縦隔壁４と横隔壁５４と後横隔壁６３とで囲まれた空間部を作業室７３としている。作業室７１、７２、７３以外の区画された空間部はバラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６に形成されている。各バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６に圧縮空気を供給可能に、船体１に設けた空気供給装置９と連通する空気配管１０の先端を各バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６にバルブ１１を介装して気密に連通開口している。空気配管１０は外側方に分岐され、この分岐管にバルブ１２を介装して外端を船体１の両舷外板に開口して船体外に排気可能にしている。  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The hull 1 has a double hull structure composed of a hull outer plate 2 and a hull plate 3, and has a bow thruster chamber (not shown) on the bow side and an engine room (not shown) on the stern side. Provided. In the space formed by the hull outer plate 2 and the hull plate 3 between the bow thruster chamber (not shown) and the engine room (not shown), a vertical partition along the vertical center line of the hull 1 4 and horizontal partition walls 51, 52, 53, 54 orthogonal to the vertical partition wall 4 are arranged in parallel at a predetermined distance in the bow-stern direction. Further, horizontal partition walls 61, 62, and 63 are disposed in parallel with a predetermined distance in the bow direction from the horizontal partition walls 52, 53, and 54 excluding the horizontal partition wall 51 disposed at the front. A space formed by the hull outer plate 2 and the hull plate 3 is partitioned by the vertical partition 4, the horizontal partitions 51, 52, 53, 54 and the rear horizontal partitions 61, 62, 63, and these partitioned spaces Among these, the space surrounded by the vertical partition 4, the horizontal partition 52 and the rear horizontal partition 61 is used as a work chamber 71, and the space surrounded by the vertical partition 4, the horizontal partition 53 and the rear horizontal partition 62 is used as a work chamber 72. A space surrounded by the vertical partition 4, the horizontal partition 54, and the rear horizontal partition 63 is used as a work chamber 73. The partitioned spaces other than the working chambers 71, 72, 73 are formed in the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86. Each ballast tank 81, 82, 83, 84 is connected to the tip of an air pipe 10 communicating with an air supply device 9 provided in the hull 1 so that compressed air can be supplied to each ballast tank 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86. , 85 and 86 are provided with a valve 11 in an airtight communication opening. The air pipe 10 is branched outward, and a valve 12 is interposed in the branch pipe so that the outer ends are opened on both outer skins of the hull 1 so that the air can be exhausted outside the hull.

作業室７１はバラストタンク８１の後外側に、作業室７２はバラストタンク８４の後外側に、作業室７３はバラストタンク８５の後外側に設けられている。作業室７１、７２、７３の底板は船体外板２よりなり、船底外の海水を注入可能な注排口を開設している。作業室７１、７２、７３の底板には、遠隔操作で開閉動する遠隔操作式開閉バルブ（図示せず）を内装し、注排口を囲むようにシーチェスト１３が配設されている。シーチェスト１３内には、主管１４の先端が連通開口されている。作業室７１、７２、７３に於いて、主管１４にはバルブ１５が介装され、分岐する２本の支管１６、１７と連通接続されている。作業室７１、７２、７３に於いて、支管１６、１７にはバルブ１８、１９が夫々介装されている。２０は傾斜フランジであり、作業室７１、７２、７３内に於ける主管１４や支管１６、１７の全周外方に突設されている。支管１６、１７の先端にはベルマウス２１、２２が取り付けられている。左右対となるバラストタンク８１、８２を構成する縦隔壁４を支管１６は水密に貫通して、バラストタンク８２の底部に於ける船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２１が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設されている。左右対となるバラストタンク８１、８２を構成する後横隔壁６１を支管１７は水密に貫通して、バラストタンク８１内の船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２２が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設されている。左右対となるバラストタンク８３、８４を構成する縦隔壁４を作業室７２に配設された支管１６は水密に貫通し、バラストタンク８３内の底部に於ける船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２１が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設され、支管１７は後横隔壁６２を水密に貫通しバラストタンク８４内にて船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２２が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設されている。左右対となるバラストタンク８５、８６を構成する縦隔壁４を作業室７３に配設された支管１６は水密に貫通し、バラストタンク８６内の底部に於ける船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２１が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設され、支管１７は後横隔壁６３を水密に貫通しバラストタンク８５内にて船体外板２より僅かばかり上方にてベルマウス２２が船体外板２に対向して開口するように配設されている。バルブ１１、１２、１５、１８、１９及びシーチェスト１３に内装したバルブ（図示せず）は、図５に示す制御盤により遠隔操作で開閉動可能に形成されている。又、バルブ１５、１８、１９は、作業室７１、７２、７３にて個別的に手動で開閉動することも可能にしている。２３は上甲板、２４は第２甲板である。底部バラストタンクと舷側バラストタンクは開閉バルブを介装した隔壁２５で区画されている。  The work chamber 71 is provided on the rear outer side of the ballast tank 81, the work chamber 72 is provided on the rear outer side of the ballast tank 84, and the work chamber 73 is provided on the rear outer side of the ballast tank 85. The bottom plates of the work chambers 71, 72, and 73 are made of the hull outer plate 2, and have a pouring port through which seawater outside the bottom of the vessel can be injected. On the bottom plates of the work chambers 71, 72, 73, a remote operation type open / close valve (not shown) that opens and closes by remote operation is provided, and a sea chest 13 is disposed so as to surround the pouring port. In the sea chest 13, the leading end of the main pipe 14 is opened to communicate. In the working chambers 71, 72, 73, a valve 15 is interposed in the main pipe 14 and is connected in communication with two branch pipes 16, 17 that branch off. In the working chambers 71, 72, 73, valves 18, 19 are interposed in the branch pipes 16, 17, respectively. Reference numeral 20 denotes an inclined flange, which protrudes outward from the entire circumference of the main pipe 14 and the branch pipes 16 and 17 in the work chambers 71, 72 and 73. Bell mouths 21 and 22 are attached to the distal ends of the branch pipes 16 and 17. The branch pipe 16 penetrates the vertical partition wall 4 constituting the left and right ballast tanks 81, 82 in a watertight manner, and the bell mouth 21 is slightly above the hull skin 2 at the bottom of the ballast tank 82. 2 is disposed so as to be opposed to 2. The branch pipe 17 penetrates the rear lateral partition wall 61 constituting the left and right pair of ballast tanks 81 and 82 in a watertight manner, and the bell mouth 22 is slightly above the hull outer plate 2 in the ballast tank 81. It arrange | positions so that it may oppose and open. The branch pipe 16 disposed in the working chamber 72 passes through the vertical partition wall 4 constituting the left and right ballast tanks 83 and 84 in a watertight manner, slightly above the hull skin 2 at the bottom of the ballast tank 83. The bell mouth 21 is arranged so as to open facing the hull outer plate 2, and the branch pipe 17 penetrates the rear transverse partition wall 62 in a watertight manner and is slightly above the hull outer plate 2 in the ballast tank 84. A mouse 22 is disposed so as to open facing the hull outer plate 2. The branch pipe 16 disposed in the working chamber 73 passes through the vertical partition 4 constituting the left and right ballast tanks 85, 86 in a watertight manner and slightly above the hull skin 2 at the bottom of the ballast tank 86. The bell mouth 21 is disposed so as to open facing the hull outer plate 2, and the branch pipe 17 penetrates the rear transverse partition wall 63 in a watertight manner and is slightly above the hull outer plate 2 in the ballast tank 85. A mouse 22 is disposed so as to open facing the hull outer plate 2. Valves 11, 12, 15, 18, 19 and the valve (not shown) built in the sea chest 13 are formed so as to be able to be opened and closed remotely by a control panel shown in FIG. 5. The valves 15, 18, and 19 can be manually opened and closed individually in the work chambers 71, 72, and 73. Reference numeral 23 is an upper deck, and 24 is a second deck. The bottom ballast tank and the side ballast tank are partitioned by a partition wall 25 with an open / close valve.

作用について説明する。
先ずは、バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６のバラスト水を排水する場合について説明する。バルブ１２を閉状態に、シーチェスト１３に内装したバルブ（図示せず）、バルブ１１、１５、１８、１９を開状態にし、空気供給装置９から送出された空気を空気配管１０を介して各バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６へ分配送気する。各バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６へ送気された空気によりバラスト水はシーチェスト１３より船底外の海洋へ排水される。
次に、バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６に注水する場合について説明する。バルブ１１、１２、１５、１８、１９を開状態にすると、バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６内の空気に対しシーチェスト１３内の注排口より水圧が下方から作用し、バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６内の空気は空気配管１０を通って船体１の外側へ排気される。排気された容積分、バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６に船底外の海水が注入される。バラスト水が所望量注入されると、バルブ１１、１２、１５、１８、１９を閉状態にする。The operation will be described.
First, the case where the ballast water in the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 is drained will be described. With the valve 12 closed, the valve (not shown) built in the sea chest 13 and the valves 11, 15, 18, 19 are opened, and the air sent from the air supply device 9 is supplied to the air through the air pipes 10. The air is delivered to the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86. Ballast water is drained from the sea chest 13 to the ocean outside the bottom of the ship by the air sent to the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86.
Next, the case where water is poured into the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 will be described. When the valves 11, 12, 15, 18, 19 are opened, water pressure acts on the air in the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 from below through the inlet / outlet in the sea chest 13, Air in the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 is exhausted to the outside of the hull 1 through the air pipe 10. Seawater outside the ship bottom is injected into the ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 by the exhausted volume. When the desired amount of ballast water is injected, the valves 11, 12, 15, 18, 19 are closed.

尚、各バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６に開口連通接続する空気配管１０に介装したバルブ１１のうち所望のバルブのみを開閉することで、所望のバラストタンクにのみ限定的にバラスト水を注排することができる。In addition, it is limited only to a desired ballast tank by opening / closing only a desired valve among the valves 11 interposed in the air piping 10 connected to each ballast tank 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 in open communication. Ballast water can be poured into the tank.

左右対となる３対のバラストタンクへの注排水に要する時間について説明する。
左右対となる３対のバラストタンクを第１の左右１対のバラストタンク８１、８２に１個のタンク容積が１７２ｍ３のものを、第２の左右１対のバラストタンク８３、８４の１個のタンク容積を２３７ｍ３のものを、第３の左右１対のバラストタンク８５、８６の１個のタンク容積を２１９ｍ３のものを用いる。第１の左右対のバラストタンク８１、８２の合計容積は３４４ｍ３であり、第２の左右対のバラストタンク８３、８４の合計容積は４７４ｍ３であり、第３の左右１対のバラストタンク８５、８６の合計容積は４３８ｍ３であり、全バラストタンク８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６の総容積は１２５６ｍ３である。送出される空気量を７２０ｍ３／ｈとし、空気圧を６５ｋｐａ、出力を２２ＫＷとし、主管１４の内径を２３６．９ｍｍ、支管１６、１７の内径を１８６．９ｍｍとして注排水に要する時間を計算した。
先ずは、バラスト水の入っていない空状態のバラストタンクに海水を満タンになるまで充填注水する所要時間をトリチェリの定理に基いて説明する。注水前のバラストタンクが空状態に於ける吃水は１．７７ｍである。注水スタート時の注排口に於ける流速は、ν＝

Figure 2012076726
／ｓ）となる。平均流速は、（５．９＋１．４）÷２＝３．６５（ｍ／ｓｅｃ）となる。１分間に注水される水量は式Ｑ＝Ａ×νより０．０４４２×３．６５×６０＝９．６７（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）となる。パイプ、エルボ、チーズ、バルブ等の抵抗で流速に約３０％の損失が生じることを考慮すると、９．６７×０．７＝６．７（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）となる。シーチェストが各作業室に配設されているので、各バラストタンクを満タンに注水するのに要する時間は、第１の左右対のバラストタンク８１、８２には３４４ｍ３÷６．７（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝５１（分）、第２の左右対のバラストタンク８３、８４には４７４ｍ３÷６．７（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝７１（分）、第３の左右対のバラストタンク８５、８６には４３８ｍ３÷６．７（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝６５（分）となる。
次に、バラストタンクに空気を供給することでバラスト水を完全に排水する所要時間を
Figure 2012076726
なる。バラストタンクが空状態直前の流速は、この時点の吃水を２．０ｍとすると、ν＝
Figure 2012076726
）となり、平均流速は（８．１＋９．３）÷２＝８．７（ｍ／ｓｅｃ）となる。１分間の排水量は式Ｑ＝Ａ×νより０．０４４２×８．７×６０＝２３．１（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）となる。パイプ、エルボ、チーズ、バルブ等の抵抗で流速に約３０％の損失が生じることを考慮すると、２３．１×０．７＝１６．１（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）となる。シーチェストが各作業室に配設されているので、各タンクを完全に空状態になるまでの排水所要時間は、第１の左右対のバラストタンク８１、８２には３４４ｍ３÷１６．１（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝２２（分）、第２の左右対のバラストタンク８３、８４には４７４ｍ３÷１６．１（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝２９（分）、第３の左右対のバラストタンク８５、８６には４３８ｍ３÷１６．１（ｍ３／ｍｉｎ）＝２７（分）となる。
実施例１のバラスト注排装置においては、バラストタンクを満タンに要する注水所要時間は５１〜６１分であり、空状態になるまで排水するのに要する時間は２２〜２９分であった。従来の船舶がバラスト水の注排水に約２〜４時間を要することと比較すると、著しくバラスト注排時間の短縮化が実現できた。The time required for pouring and draining to the three pairs of ballast tanks that are the left and right pairs will be described.
One pair of ballast tanks 83 and 84, each having a tank volume of 172 m 3 in the first pair of left and right ballast tanks 81 and 82, and one pair of ballast tanks 83 and 84 in the second pair. A tank volume of 237 m 3 is used, and one tank volume of the third pair of left and right ballast tanks 85 and 86 is 219 m 3 . The total volume of the first left and right pair of ballast tanks 81 and 82 is 344 m 3 , the total volume of the second left and right pair of ballast tanks 83 and 84 is 474 m 3 , and the third left and right pair of ballast tanks 85 , 86 has a total volume of 438 m 3 and all ballast tanks 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 have a total volume of 1256 m 3 . The time required for water injection was calculated by setting the amount of air to be delivered to 720 m 3 / h, the air pressure to 65 kpa, the output to 22 KW, the inner diameter of the main pipe 14 to 236.9 mm, and the inner diameters of the branch pipes 16 and 17 to 186.9 mm.
First, the time required for filling and pouring seawater until an empty ballast tank without ballast water is filled will be described based on the Torrichelli theorem. The flooding when the ballast tank before water injection is empty is 1.77 m. The flow velocity at the pouring outlet at the start of pouring is ν =
Figure 2012076726
/ S). The average flow velocity is (5.9 + 1.4) /2=3.65 (m / sec). The amount of water poured in 1 minute is 0.0442 × 3.65 × 60 = 9.67 (m 3 / min) from the formula Q = A × ν. Considering that a loss of about 30% occurs in the flow rate due to the resistance of the pipe, elbow, cheese, valve, etc., 9.67 × 0.7 = 6.7 (m 3 / min). Since the sea chest is arranged in each working chamber, the time required to fill each ballast tank with a full tank is 344 m 3 ÷ 6.7 (m in the first pair of left and right ballast tanks 81, 82. 3 / min) = 51 (min), the second pair of left and right ballast tanks 83 and 84 has 474 m 3 ÷ 6.7 (m 3 / min) = 71 (min), and the third pair of left and right ballast tanks 85 , 86 is 438 m 3 ÷ 6.7 (m 3 / min) = 65 (min).
Next, supply the air to the ballast tank to reduce the time required to completely drain the ballast water.
Figure 2012076726
Become. The flow rate immediately before the ballast tank is empty is v =
Figure 2012076726
), And the average flow velocity is (8.1 + 9.3) ÷ 2 = 8.7 (m / sec). The amount of drainage per minute is 0.0442 × 8.7 × 60 = 23.1 (m 3 / min) from the formula Q = A × ν. Considering that a loss of about 30% occurs in the flow rate due to the resistance of pipes, elbows, cheeses, valves, etc., 23.1 × 0.7 = 16.1 (m 3 / min). Since the sea chest is disposed in each work chamber, the time required for drainage until each tank is completely emptied is 344 m 3 ÷ 16.1 (the first left and right pair of ballast tanks 81 and 82). m 3 / min) = 22 (minutes), the second pair of left and right ballast tanks 83 and 84 is 474 m 3 ÷ 16.1 (m 3 / min) = 29 (minutes), and the third pair of left and right ballast tanks For 85 and 86, 438 m 3 ÷ 16.1 (m 3 / min) = 27 (min).
In the ballast pouring and discharging apparatus of Example 1, the time required for pouring the water into the ballast tank was 51 to 61 minutes, and the time required for draining until it was empty was 22 to 29 minutes. Compared with the conventional ship requiring approximately 2 to 4 hours for pouring and draining ballast water, the ballast pouring and draining time can be significantly shortened.

バラスト注排装置の概略平面説明図である。（実施例１）It is a schematic plane explanatory view of a ballast pouring device. Example 1 図１のＡ−Ａ線に沿う一部切欠断面説明図である。（実施例１）FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway cross-sectional explanatory view taken along line AA in FIG. 1. Example 1 作業室、対となる左右バラストタンクへの配管を示す平面から見た要部説明図である。（実施例１）It is principal part explanatory drawing seen from the plane which shows piping to a working chamber and the right and left ballast tank used as a pair. Example 1 図１のＢ−Ｂ線に沿う断面説明図である。（実施例１）It is a cross-sectional explanatory drawing which follows the BB line of FIG. Example 1 制御盤を示す説明図である。（実施例１）It is explanatory drawing which shows a control board. Example 1

１ 船体
２ 船体外板
３ 船体内板
４ 縦隔壁
５１、５２、５３、５４ 横隔壁
６１、６２、６３ 後横隔壁
７１、７２、７３ 作業室
８１、８２、８３、８４、８５、８６ バラストタンク
９ 空気供給装置
１３ シーチェスト
１４ 主管
１６、１７ 支管
１８、１９ バルブDESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Hull 2 Hull outer plate 3 Hull inner plate 4 Vertical bulkhead 51, 52, 53, 54 Horizontal bulkhead 61, 62, 63 Rear lateral bulkhead 71, 72, 73 Work chamber 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 Ballast tank 9 Air supply device 13 Sea chest 14 Main pipe 16, 17 Branch pipe 18, 19 Valve

Claims (1)

船体外板と船体内板とで構成される二重船殻構造の船体の底部空間部に、船体縦中心線上に縦隔壁を設け、
該縦隔壁と直交し、且つ船首尾方向に沿って所定間隔を有して横隔壁を離隔配設し、
最前部に位置する横隔壁以外の横隔壁のうち、前記縦隔壁を中心として型幅方向に連続する左右何れか一方の横隔壁から船首方向に所定距離離隔して後横隔壁を設け、前記縦隔壁と横隔壁及び後横隔壁とで底部空間部を気密且つ水密に区画し、
区画された空間部のうち前記後横隔壁と、該後横隔壁の船尾側に配設される横隔壁と、前記縦隔壁とで囲まれる空間部を作業室となし、
前記区画された空間部のうち前記作業室を除く各空間部をバラストタンクとし、
該バラストタンクに空気を給排するための空気給排手段を具備し、
前記バラストタンク内のバラスト水を排水可能に、前記縦隔壁を中心として左右対となる各バラストタンク内の船尾側横隔壁及び後横隔壁の近傍には、船体外板より僅かばかり上方にて支管の下端開口が前記船体外板と対向配設され、
前記支管は隔壁を水密に貫通して作業室内に延設され、該作業室内にて前記支管にはバルブが介装されて主管と合流し、
左右対となる夫々のバラストタンクに船底から水を注排可能に、前記主管の先端は前記作業室内に設けられたシーチェスト内に開口連通したことを特徴とするバラスト注排装置。A vertical bulkhead is provided on the vertical center line of the hull in the bottom space of the hull with a double hull structure composed of a hull outer plate and a hull plate,
The transverse bulkheads are spaced apart at a predetermined interval along the bow-stern direction perpendicular to the vertical bulkheads,
Among the horizontal bulkheads other than the horizontal bulkhead located at the foremost part, a rear horizontal bulkhead is provided at a predetermined distance in the bow direction from either one of the left and right horizontal bulkheads continuous in the mold width direction with the vertical bulkhead as the center. The bottom space is partitioned in an airtight and watertight manner by the partition wall, the horizontal partition wall, and the rear horizontal partition wall,
Among the partitioned spaces, the rear horizontal bulkhead, the horizontal bulkhead disposed on the stern side of the rear horizontal bulkhead, and the space surrounded by the vertical bulkhead as a work room,
Each space part excluding the working chamber among the partitioned space parts is a ballast tank,
Air supply and discharge means for supplying and discharging air to the ballast tank;
The ballast water in the ballast tank can be drained, and in the vicinity of the stern side bulkhead and rear lateral bulkhead in each ballast tank that is paired on the left and right with the vertical bulkhead as a center, a branch pipe is slightly above the hull outer plate. The lower end opening of the hull is disposed opposite to the hull outer plate,
The branch pipe penetrates the partition wall in a watertight manner and extends into the working chamber, and a valve is interposed in the branch pipe in the working chamber to join the main pipe,
A ballast pouring / dispensing device, characterized in that water can be poured from the ship bottom into each of the left and right ballast tanks, and the leading end of the main pipe is in open communication with a sea chest provided in the working chamber.
JP2010235913A 2010-09-30 2010-09-30 Ballast dispenser Expired - Fee Related JP5424155B2 (en)

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CN104760665A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-08 大连理工大学 Energy saving system used for adjusting floating state of waterborne floating body and use method thereof
JP2015193380A (en) * 2015-08-03 2015-11-05 三菱重工業株式会社 ship
CN113148045A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-07-23 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 Stern structure and ship
CN113602412A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-05 中国舰船研究设计中心 Titanium alloy-based shipboard ballast water tank and diving system

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JPH06298171A (en) * 1993-04-19 1994-10-25 Hitachi Zosen Corp Inert gas injection equipment to ballast tank on cargo transport ship
JPH0740880A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-02-10 Hitachi Zosen Corp Transport having double hull structure
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104760665A (en) * 2015-04-09 2015-07-08 大连理工大学 Energy saving system used for adjusting floating state of waterborne floating body and use method thereof
JP2015193380A (en) * 2015-08-03 2015-11-05 三菱重工業株式会社 ship
CN113148045A (en) * 2021-06-10 2021-07-23 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 Stern structure and ship
CN113148045B (en) * 2021-06-10 2023-12-05 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 Stern structure and ship
CN113602412A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-05 中国舰船研究设计中心 Titanium alloy-based shipboard ballast water tank and diving system
CN113602412B (en) * 2021-08-26 2024-04-12 中国舰船研究设计中心 Inter-board ballast water tank based on titanium alloy and diving system

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