JP2011225652A - Coating composition and coating film forming method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、全体に低明度で、ハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）に色変化する塗膜であって且つ遮熱機能を有する塗膜を形成可能な塗料組成物及び塗膜形成方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a coating composition and a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a low brightness as a whole and changing in color from highlight (near specular reflection light) to shade (oblique direction) and having a heat shielding function. The present invention relates to a film forming method.
自動車等の工業製品において、観察角度によって見え方が変化するメタリック塗色の中で全体に低明度の塗色は、落ち着いた質感の塗色として注目されている。特に色の見え方の変化として、単に明度が変化するだけでなく、色相が変化する２色性を発現する塗色へのユーザーの要求は強い。２色性を発現する方法としては、例えば特許文献１には、カラーベース塗膜層を形成した後、金属酸化物被覆シリカフレーク顔料を含有する光輝性塗膜層を形成し、さらに上記光輝性塗膜層上にトップクリヤー塗膜層を形成する方法において、カラーベース塗膜層の色と金属酸化物被覆シリカフレーク顔料の干渉色を特定する方法が記載されている。しかしながら、特許文献１に開示の方法は、３コートによる塗膜形成方法であり、２コートによる塗膜形成方法と比較する工程数が多くなる問題点があった。 In industrial products such as automobiles, a low-brightness coating color has attracted attention as a paint color having a calm texture among metallic paint colors whose appearance changes depending on an observation angle. In particular, as a change in color appearance, there is a strong demand from users for paint colors that exhibit dichroism that changes not only brightness but also hue. As a method for expressing dichroism, for example, in Patent Document 1, after forming a color base coating layer, a glittering coating layer containing a metal oxide-coated silica flake pigment is formed, and further, In the method of forming the top clear coating layer on the film layer, a method for specifying the color of the color base coating layer and the interference color of the metal oxide-coated silica flake pigment is described. However, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method for forming a coating film by three coats, and there is a problem that the number of steps compared with the method for forming a coating film by two coats is increased.
また、低明度で２色性を有する塗膜を形成する方法として、構造色を発現する光輝性顔料とカーボンブラック顔料を併用する塗料組成物を塗装する方法があるが、カーボンブラック顔料は、明度を調整する効果に優れるが、色相が単調である問題点があった。 In addition, as a method for forming a coating film having low brightness and dichroism, there is a method of applying a paint composition that uses a combination of a glitter pigment that expresses a structural color and a carbon black pigment. However, there is a problem that the hue is monotonous.
本発明の目的は、全体に低明度で、ハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）に色変化する塗膜であって且つ遮熱機能を有する塗膜を形成可能な塗料組成物及び塗膜形成方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a coating composition capable of forming a coating film having a low lightness as a whole and changing in color from highlight (regular reflection light) to shade (oblique direction) and having a heat shielding function. And a method of forming a coating film.
本発明は、
１．マルチカラー光輝性顔料及び赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料を含む塗料組成物、
２．マルチカラー光輝性顔料が多層構造の鱗片状光干渉性顔料、コレステリック液晶ポリマー、金属酸化物で被覆された鱗片状シリカ顔料から選択されたものである１項に記載の塗料組成物、
３．赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料が、ペリレンである１項又は２項に記載の塗料組成物、
４．塗装して得られる塗膜のＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系における明度Ｌ＊が０〜４０の範囲内である１〜３項のいずれか１項に記載の塗料組成物
５．基材に、１〜４項に記載された塗料組成物を塗装し、さらにクリヤー塗料を塗装する塗膜形成方法に関する。
The present invention
1. A coating composition comprising a multi-colored glitter pigment and a colored pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays;
2. 2. The coating composition according to item 1, wherein the multi-colored glitter pigment is selected from a scaly light interference pigment having a multilayer structure, a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer, and a scaly silica pigment coated with a metal oxide,
3. Item 3. The coating composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays is perylene.
4). 4. Coating composition according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the lightness L * in the L * a * b * color system of the coating film obtained by coating is in the range of 0 to 40. It is related with the coating-film formation method which coats the base material with the coating composition described in 1-4, and also paints a clear coating material.
本発明によれば、全体に低明度で、ハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）に色変化する塗膜であって且つ遮熱機能を有する塗膜を形成可能なメタリック塗料組成物及び塗膜形成方法を得ることができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the metallic paint composition which can form the coating film which is the lightness of the whole and changes a color from highlight (regular reflection light vicinity) to a shade (diagonal direction), and has a heat-shielding function Product and coating film forming method can be obtained.
本発明の塗料組成物は、塗装して得られる塗膜をハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）に色変化せしめることを目的として、マルチカラー光輝性顔料を含有する。
マルチカラー光輝性顔料としては、多層構造の鱗片状光干渉性顔料、金属酸化物で被覆された鱗片状シリカ及びコレステリック液晶ポリマーを挙げることができる。
The coating composition of the present invention contains a multicolor glitter pigment for the purpose of changing the color of a coating film obtained by painting from highlight (regular reflection vicinity) to shade (oblique direction).
Examples of the multicolor glitter pigment include a scaly light interference pigment having a multilayer structure, a scaly silica coated with a metal oxide, and a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer.
多層構造の鱗片状光干渉性顔料は、多層構造を構成する材料の屈折率や各層の厚さによって、反射する光の波長域が決定されるので、特定の入射・反射方向に対して決まった波長の光だけが強く反射されるため、色が観察角度によって変化する構造色を発現可能なものである。 The scale-like light interference pigment of the multilayer structure is determined for the specific incident / reflecting direction because the wavelength range of the reflected light is determined by the refractive index of the material constituting the multilayer structure and the thickness of each layer. Since only light of a wavelength is strongly reflected, a structural color whose color changes depending on the observation angle can be expressed.
多層構造の鱗片状光干渉性顔料としては、例えば、マイカ、人工マイカ、ガラス、シリカ、酸化鉄、酸化アルミニウムやアルミニウム等各種金属等鱗片状基材の表面に、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化セリウム、二酸化チタン、酸化鉄、硫化亜鉛、硫化亜鉛、フッ化マグネシウム、フッ化アルミニウム、フッ化ナトリウム、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウム、フッ化トリウム、クロミウム等の中から屈折率の異なるものを選択して３層以上の干渉被膜を形成した顔料や、これら屈折率の異なる皮膜を３層以上積層させた顔料を挙げることができる。 Examples of the multi-layered scale-like light interference pigment include mica, artificial mica, glass, silica, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum, aluminum, aluminum, aluminum, etc. , Iron oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, sodium fluoride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, thorium fluoride, chromium, etc. The pigment which formed the interference film and the pigment which laminated | stacked three or more films | membranes from which these refractive indexes differ can be mentioned.
金属酸化物で被覆された鱗片状シリカは、表面が平滑で且つ厚さが均一な基材である鱗片状シリカを基材とは屈折率が異なる金属酸化物で被覆したものであり、金属酸化物層の厚さも均一であることから、塗料組成物に配合した場合に、塗装して得られた塗膜がハイライトからシェードにかけて大きく色変化するものである。 Scale-like silica coated with metal oxide is obtained by coating scale-like silica, which is a substrate having a smooth surface and a uniform thickness, with a metal oxide having a refractive index different from that of the substrate. Since the thickness of the physical layer is also uniform, when blended with a coating composition, the coating film obtained by coating undergoes a large color change from highlight to shade.
コレステリック液晶ポリマーは、例えば、メタクリロイロキシ基またはアクリロイロキシ基を側鎖に有するポリオルガノシロキサン等の三次元架橋性ポリマーと液晶性物質を基材に、分子をそれぞれ平行な層に整えた後、螺旋構造とするために、電場または磁場により少しずつ異なる分子配向となるように層状に積み重ね、重合反応によって配向した分子を固定化し薄膜層を三次元架橋させた後、基材から分離し、続いて所望の粒子サイズに粉砕することにより得られたものを挙げることができる。 A cholesteric liquid crystal polymer is prepared by, for example, arranging a three-dimensional cross-linkable polymer such as a polyorganosiloxane having a methacryloyloxy group or an acryloyloxy group in the side chain and a liquid crystal substance into a parallel layer and then spiraling the molecules. In order to make a structure, the layers are stacked in layers so that the molecular orientation is slightly different depending on the electric field or magnetic field, the molecules oriented by the polymerization reaction are fixed, the thin film layer is three-dimensionally cross-linked, then separated from the substrate, What was obtained by grind | pulverizing to a desired particle size can be mentioned.
コレステリック液晶ポリマーは、螺旋構造を有しているため螺旋構造のピッチ幅、液晶の屈折率によって反射する光の波長域が決定され、特定範囲の波長の反射光が、光波長に相当するピッチの螺旋構造に偏光した光線成分に分割され、螺旋の回転方向に従って反射成分と透過成分となる。観察角度によって、螺旋のピッチが異なるため、色が変化する構造色が発現する。 Since the cholesteric liquid crystal polymer has a helical structure, the wavelength range of light reflected is determined by the pitch width of the helical structure and the refractive index of the liquid crystal, and the reflected light of a specific range of wavelengths has a pitch corresponding to the light wavelength. The light component is split into a spiral structure and becomes a reflection component and a transmission component according to the direction of rotation of the spiral. Since the spiral pitch varies depending on the observation angle, a structural color that changes color appears.
本発明においては、マルチカラー光輝性顔料として特に金属酸化物で被覆された鱗片状シリカを使用することが、塗装して得られる塗膜が耐候性に優れること及び入手が容易な点から好ましい。 In the present invention, it is preferable to use scaly silica coated with a metal oxide as the multicolor glitter pigment because the coating film obtained by coating is excellent in weather resistance and is easily available.
本発明において、マルチカラー光輝性顔料は、塗膜の仕上がり性の点から、長手方向の平均粒子径（Ｄ５０）が１〜５０μｍの範囲内のものを使用することが好ましく、３〜３０μｍの範囲内のものを使用することがより好ましく、５〜２５μｍの範囲内のものを使用することが特に好ましい。また厚さは、０．０１μｍ〜１０μｍの範囲内のものを使用することが好ましく、０．１μｍ〜５μｍの範囲内のものを使用することが特に好ましい。 In the present invention, the multicolor glitter pigment preferably has a longitudinal average particle diameter (D50) in the range of 1 to 50 μm, preferably in the range of 3 to 30 μm, from the viewpoint of the finish of the coating film. It is more preferable to use those within the range, and it is particularly preferable to use those within the range of 5 to 25 μm. Moreover, it is preferable to use the thing within the range of 0.01 micrometer-10 micrometers, and it is especially preferable to use the thing within the range of 0.1 micrometer-5 micrometers.
上記マルチカラー光輝性顔料の含有量は、塗装して得られる塗膜のハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）に色変化を発現する点から、塗料組成物中の樹脂組成物の固形分１００質量部に対して、０．０１〜５０質量部の範囲内であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは０．０５〜４０質量部の範囲内、特に好ましくは０.１〜２０質量部の範囲内である。 The content of the multi-color glitter pigment is a resin composition in the coating composition from the viewpoint of color change from the highlight (near specular reflection light) to the shade (oblique direction) of the coating film obtained by coating. Is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 0.05 to 40 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid content. Is within the range.
本発明の塗料組成物は、塗装して得られる塗膜の全体の明度を低くせしめること及び塗膜に遮熱性を付与することを目的として、赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料を含む。 The coating composition of the present invention contains a color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays for the purpose of lowering the overall brightness of the coating film obtained by coating and imparting heat shielding properties to the coating film.
本明細書において、赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料とは、波長７８０ｎｍ〜２５００ｎｍの領域において、ＪＩＳ Ｋ５１０１ ４隠ぺい率試験紙法に記載された隠ぺい率試験紙に該着色顔料のみを着色材として含む塗料を塗装して得られた塗膜の白素地上のＪＩＳ Ｋ５６０２に定義された日射反射率が５０％以上又は黒素地上の日射反射率が１０％以上の顔料を意味する。 In the present specification, a colored pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays is a colorant in which only the colored pigment is applied to a cover rate test paper described in JIS K51014 Coverage Rate Test Paper Method in a wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm. Means a pigment having a solar reflectance of 50% or more defined on JIS K5602 on a white substrate or a solar reflectance of 10% or more on a black substrate.
本明細書における具体的な試験方法を以下に説明する。水酸基含有アクリル樹脂（水酸基価１００、数平均分子量２００００）及びメラミン樹脂からなる樹脂成分１００固形分質量部あたり、該着色顔料を１５質量部配合して攪拌混合し、適当な溶媒を用いて希釈して固形分約２５％の有機溶剤型塗料を調製する。隠ぺい率試験紙を平らなガラス板の上に水平に固定し、その上にドクターブレードを使用して、硬化塗膜厚が３０μｍとなるように塗装し、室温約２０℃の実験室に１５分間放置し、その後に熱風乾燥機を使用して１４０℃で３０分間加熱して硬化せしめてテストピースを作成する。白素地部分及び黒素地部分の日射反射率は、積分球ＩＳＲ−３１００を搭載した分光光度計ＵＶ−３１００ＰＣ（共に島津製作所社製）を使用して入射角度を８°としたときの日射反射率として定義するものとする。 Specific test methods in this specification will be described below. 15 parts by mass of the colored pigment is mixed per 100 parts by mass of a resin component comprising a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin (hydroxyl value 100, number average molecular weight 20000) and melamine resin, and the mixture is stirred and mixed, and diluted with an appropriate solvent. An organic solvent-type paint having a solid content of about 25% is prepared. Cover the opacity test paper horizontally on a flat glass plate, apply it on it using a doctor blade so that the cured coating thickness is 30 μm, and place it in a laboratory at room temperature of about 20 ° C. for 15 minutes. Then, the test piece is prepared by heating and curing at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot air dryer. The solar reflectance of the white and black base portions is the solar reflectance when the incident angle is set to 8 ° using a spectrophotometer UV-3100PC (both manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) equipped with an integrating sphere ISR-3100. Shall be defined as
赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料としては具体的には、アゾ系顔料、アニリンブラック、ペリレンブラック等の有機顔料や複合酸化物顔料等を挙げることができる。 Specific examples of the colored pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays include azo pigments, organic pigments such as aniline black and perylene black, composite oxide pigments, and the like.
ペリレン系の顔料としては、特開２００３−４１１４４号公報及び特関２００３−４１１４５号公報に開示のペリレンテトラカルボン酸の酸無水物、特開２００６−３２８２３８号に開示の２−メチル−２，４−ペンタンジオール及び硝酸を加熱反応して得られる黒色顔料、ペリレンテトラカルボン酸のジイミド誘導体、ペリレンジイミノジカルボン酸のジイミド誘導体を焼成処理して得られた黒色ペリレン系顔料や、特開２００７−５２２２９７号公報に開示の式１ａ又は１ｂで表される異性体の１種又は２つの異性体の混合物を含有する黒色顔料を使用することができる。 Examples of perylene pigments include perylene tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides disclosed in JP-A Nos. 2003-411144 and 2003-411145, and 2-methyl-2,4 disclosed in JP-A-2006-328238. A black pigment obtained by heating reaction of pentanediol and nitric acid, a diimide derivative of perylene tetracarboxylic acid, a black perylene pigment obtained by baking a diimide derivative of perylene diiminodicarboxylic acid, and JP2007-522297 Black pigments containing one or a mixture of two isomers of the isomers represented by formula 1a or 1b disclosed in US Pat.
（式中、Ｒ１、Ｒ２は互いに独立にフェニレン、ナフチレンまたはピリジレンであり、これらはそれぞれＣ１〜Ｃ１２−アルキル、Ｃ１〜Ｃ６−アルコキシ、ヒドロキシル、ニトロおよび／またはハロゲンにより一置換または多置換されていてもよく、Ｘはハロゲンであり、ｎは０〜４である）。 Wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently of each other phenylene, naphthylene or pyridylene, which are mono- or polysubstituted by C 1 -C 12 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, nitro and / or halogen, respectively. X is halogen and n is 0-4).
無機顔料としては、Ｃｕ−Ｆｅ−Ｍｎ系、Ｃｕ−Ｃｒ系、Ｃｕ−Ｃｒ―Ｍｎ系、Ｃｕ−Ｃｒ―Ｍｎ―Ｎｉ系、Ｃｕ−Ｃｒ―Ｆｅ系、Ｃｏ―Ｃｒ―Ｆｅ系、Ｍｎ−Ｂｉ系、Ｍｎ−Ｙ系、等の複合酸化物顔料を挙げることができる。 Inorganic pigments include Cu-Fe-Mn, Cu-Cr, Cu-Cr-Mn, Cu-Cr-Mn-Ni, Cu-Cr-Fe, Co-Cr-Fe, and Mn-Bi. And composite oxide pigments such as Mn-Y and Mn-Y.
本発明において、赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料は、塗装して得られる塗膜の色調によって、上記から１種類又は複数を選択して使用することができる。本発明の塗料組成物における赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料としては、色調や仕上がり性の点からペリレンを使用することが好ましい。ペリレンを使用する場合、ハイライトでは青〜緑に発色し、シェードでは赤く発色するので、観察角度による色相変化が強調される効果も奏する。 In the present invention, the color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays can be used by selecting one or more kinds from the above depending on the color tone of the coating film obtained by coating. As the color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays in the coating composition of the present invention, it is preferable to use perylene from the viewpoint of color tone and finish. In the case of using perylene, since the color develops from blue to green in the highlight and red in the shade, the effect of enhancing the hue change depending on the observation angle is also achieved.
本発明の塗料組成物における赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料の量は、塗装して得られる塗膜の色調や、仕上がり性の点から、塗料組成物中の樹脂固形分１００質量部に対して、合計で１〜４０質量部の範囲内が好ましく、より好ましくは２〜３０質量部の範囲内、特に好ましくは３〜２０質量部の範囲内である。 The amount of the color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays in the coating composition of the present invention is 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the coating composition from the viewpoint of the color tone and finish of the coating film obtained by coating. On the other hand, the total is preferably in the range of 1 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably in the range of 2 to 30 parts by mass, particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 20 parts by mass.
本発明の塗料組成物は、塗装して得られる塗膜の色相を微調整することを目的として、上記赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料以外の着色顔料を含有することができる。該着色顔料としては、特に制限されるものではないが、具体的には、透明性酸化鉄顔料や微粒子酸化チタン顔料等の無機顔料やアゾ系顔料、キナクリドン系顔料、ジケトピロロピロール系顔料、ペリノン系顔料、ベンズイミダゾロン系顔料、イソインドリン系顔料、イソインドリノン系顔料、金属キレートアゾ系顔料、フタロシアニン系顔料、アンスラキノン系顔料、ジオキサジン系顔料、スレン系顔料、インジゴ系顔料等の有機顔料等の中から任意のものを１種もしくはそれ以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。 The coating composition of the present invention can contain a color pigment other than the color pigment that reflects and / or transmits the infrared rays for the purpose of finely adjusting the hue of the coating film obtained by coating. The coloring pigment is not particularly limited, and specifically, inorganic pigments such as transparent iron oxide pigments and fine particle titanium oxide pigments, azo pigments, quinacridone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, Organic pigments such as perinone pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, metal chelate azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, dioxazine pigments, selenium pigments, indigo pigments Any one of these may be used in combination of one or more.
本発明の塗料組成物に赤外線を反射及び／又は透過する着色顔料以外の着色顔料を配合せしめる場合その含有量は、塗膜のハイライトからシェードへの色変化を阻害しない点から、塗料中の樹脂固形分１００質量部に対し０．０１〜３０質量部の範囲内であることが好ましく、より好ましくは０．１〜２５質量部、特に好ましくは０．２〜２０質量部の範囲内であることが好ましい。 In the case where a color pigment other than a color pigment that reflects and / or transmits infrared rays is added to the coating composition of the present invention, the content thereof does not hinder the color change from the highlight to the shade of the coating film. It is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 25 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content. It is preferable.
本発明の塗料組成物には、通常、ビヒクルとして、樹脂成分を含有することができる。樹脂成分としては、具体的には、水酸基などの架橋性官能基を有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、ウレタン樹脂などの基体樹脂と、メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物（ブロック体も含む）などの架橋剤とを併用したものが挙げられ、これらは有機溶剤及び／又は水などの溶媒に溶解または分散して使用される。 The coating composition of the present invention can usually contain a resin component as a vehicle. Specific examples of the resin component include base resins such as acrylic resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, and urethane resins having a crosslinkable functional group such as a hydroxyl group, melamine resins, urea resins, polyisocyanate compounds (block bodies). In combination with a crosslinking agent such as an organic solvent and / or a solvent such as water.
さらに、本発明のメタリック塗料組成物には、必要に応じて、水あるいは有機溶剤等の溶媒、顔料分散剤、沈降防止剤、硬化触媒、消泡剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、表面調整剤、レオロジーコントロール剤等の各種添加剤、体質顔料などを適宜配合することができる。 Furthermore, in the metallic coating composition of the present invention, if necessary, a solvent such as water or an organic solvent, a pigment dispersant, an anti-settling agent, a curing catalyst, an antifoaming agent, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a surface conditioner. Various additives such as agents, rheology control agents, extender pigments and the like can be appropriately blended.
本発明の塗料組成物は、前述の成分を混合分散せしめることによって調製される。塗装時の固形分含有率を、塗料組成物に基づいて、１２〜６０質量％、好ましくは１５〜５０質量％に調整しておくことが好ましい。 The coating composition of the present invention is prepared by mixing and dispersing the aforementioned components. The solid content during coating is preferably adjusted to 12 to 60% by mass, preferably 15 to 50% by mass based on the coating composition.
本明細書の塗料組成物は、塗装して得られる塗膜のＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系における明度Ｌ＊を０〜４０の範囲内となるように、上記着色顔料の量組成を決定することができる。本明細書において塗料組成物を塗装して得られる塗膜の明度とは、予めグレー色（Ｎ−６）の塗膜を形成した塗板上に、該塗料組成物を塗装に適正な粘度に希釈して、硬化塗膜として１８μｍの膜厚となるようにエアスプレー塗装し、室温にて１５分間放置し、ついで、未硬化塗面にクリヤー塗料（ル−ガベ−ククリヤ−、関西ペイント製、商品名、アクリル樹脂・アミノ樹脂系、有機溶剤型）を硬化塗膜として、３５μｍとなるようにエアスプレー塗装し、さらに室温にて１５分間放置し、その後に熱風乾燥機を使用して１４０℃で３０分加熱して硬化乾燥せしめて得られた塗膜をＸ−Ｒｉｔｅ社製のＭＡ−６８ＩＩ（商品名、多角度分光光度計）を使用して、正反射光に対して４５°で受光した分光反射率に基づいて計算した数値で定義するものとする。 The coating composition of the present specification determines the amount composition of the color pigment so that the lightness L * in the L * a * b * color system of the coating film obtained by painting is in the range of 0-40. can do. In the present specification, the lightness of the coating film obtained by applying the coating composition refers to diluting the coating composition to a viscosity suitable for coating on a coating plate on which a gray (N-6) coating film has been formed in advance. Then, it was air spray coated to a film thickness of 18 μm as a cured coating film, left at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then a clear paint (Lugabe Kukuriya, manufactured by Kansai Paint, product) Name, acrylic resin / amino resin type, organic solvent type) as a cured coating film, air sprayed to 35 μm, left at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then at 140 ° C. using a hot air dryer The coating film obtained by heating and drying for 30 minutes was received at 45 ° with respect to specular reflection light using MA-68II (trade name, multi-angle spectrophotometer) manufactured by X-Rite. Defined with numerical values calculated based on spectral reflectance And things.
本発明の塗膜形成方法は、基材上に上記塗料組成物を塗装し、硬化乾燥せしめる方法に関するものである。 The coating film forming method of the present invention relates to a method of coating the coating composition on a substrate and curing and drying the coating composition.
次に本発明の塗膜形成方法について説明する。本発明の塗膜形成方法においては、上記の如き料組成物を基材に塗装し、さらに得られた塗膜上にクリヤー塗料を塗装する。 Next, the coating film forming method of the present invention will be described. In the coating film forming method of the present invention, the above-described material composition is coated on a substrate, and a clear coating is further coated on the obtained coating film.
基材としては、鉄、亜鉛、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等の金属やこれらを含む合金、及びこれらの金属によるメッキまたは蒸着が施された成型物、ならびに、ガラス、プラスチックや発泡体などによる成型物等を挙げることができる。さらにこれらの素材に応じて適宜、脱脂処理や表面処理を行なったものを基材とすることができる。さらに、上記基材に下塗り塗膜や中塗り塗膜を形成させて基材とすることもでき、これらの塗装された基材が特に好ましい。 Base materials include metals such as iron, zinc, aluminum and magnesium, alloys containing these, molded products plated or vapor-deposited with these metals, and molded products made of glass, plastic, foam, etc. Can be mentioned. Furthermore, the base material can be appropriately subjected to degreasing treatment or surface treatment according to these materials. Furthermore, an undercoating film or an intermediate coating film can be formed on the substrate to form a substrate, and these coated substrates are particularly preferable.
上記下塗り塗膜とは、素材表面を隠蔽したり、素材に防食性及び防錆性などを付与するために形成されるものであり、下塗り塗料を塗装し、乾燥、硬化することによって得ることができる。この下塗り塗料種としては特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、電着塗料、溶剤型プライマー等を挙げることができる。 The undercoat film is formed to conceal the surface of the material or impart anticorrosion and rustproofness to the material, and can be obtained by applying an undercoat paint, drying and curing. it can. The type of the undercoat paint is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an electrodeposition paint and a solvent-type primer.
また、上記中塗り塗膜とは、素材表面や下塗り塗膜を隠蔽したり、付着性や耐チッピング性などを付与したり、複層塗膜における明度を調整するために形成されるものであり、素材表面や下塗り塗膜上に、中塗り塗料を塗装し、乾燥、硬化することによって得ることができる。中塗り塗料種は、特に限定されるものではなく、既知のものを使用でき、例えば、熱硬化性樹脂組成物及び着色顔料を必須成分とする有機溶剤系又は水系の中塗り塗料を好ましく使用できる。 The intermediate coating film is formed to conceal the surface of the material or the undercoat film, to provide adhesion or chipping resistance, or to adjust the lightness of the multilayer coating film. It can be obtained by applying an intermediate coating on the surface of the material or undercoat, drying and curing. The type of intermediate coating is not particularly limited, and known ones can be used. For example, an organic solvent-based or water-based intermediate coating containing a thermosetting resin composition and a color pigment as essential components can be preferably used. .
特に基材として、下塗り塗膜あるいは中塗り塗膜を形成させる場合においては、下塗り
塗膜及び中塗り塗膜を加熱し、架橋硬化後に前述の塗料組成物を塗装することができる。あるいは、下塗り塗膜を加熱し、架橋硬化後に中塗り塗膜を形成せしめ、中塗り塗膜が未硬化の状態で、前述の塗料組成物を塗装することもできる。又は、下塗り塗膜及び中塗り塗膜が未硬化の状態で前述の塗料組成物を塗装してもよい。
In particular, when an undercoat film or an intermediate coat film is formed as a substrate, the above-mentioned coating composition can be applied after heating the undercoat film and the intermediate coat film and crosslinking and curing. Alternatively, the undercoating film can be heated to form an intermediate coating film after crosslinking and curing, and the above-described coating composition can be applied in an uncured state. Alternatively, the above-described coating composition may be applied in a state where the undercoat coating film and the intermediate coating film are uncured.
本発明の塗料組成物は、上記各種基材に静電塗装、エアスプレ−、エアレススプレーなどの方法で塗装することができ、その膜厚は硬化塗膜に基づいて５〜３０μｍの範囲内とするのが、塗膜の平滑性の点から好ましい。通常、所定の膜厚となるように塗装した後に、加熱し、乾燥硬化せしめることができるが、未硬化の状態で後述するクリヤー塗料を塗装することができる。本発明の塗料組成物の塗膜それ自体は、焼き付け乾燥型の場合、通常、約５０〜約１８０℃の温度で架橋硬化させることができ、常温乾燥型又は強制乾燥型の場合には、通常、常温乾燥〜約８０℃の温度で硬化させることができる。 The coating composition of the present invention can be applied to the above-mentioned various substrates by methods such as electrostatic coating, air spray, and airless spray, and the film thickness is in the range of 5 to 30 μm based on the cured coating film. Is preferable from the viewpoint of the smoothness of the coating film. Usually, it can be heated and dried and cured after being applied to a predetermined film thickness, but a clear paint described later can be applied in an uncured state. The coating composition itself of the coating composition of the present invention can be crosslinked and cured at a temperature of about 50 to about 180 ° C. in the case of a baking and drying type, and usually in the case of a room temperature drying type or a forced drying type. It can be cured at a temperature of room temperature drying to about 80 ° C.
本発明方法におけるクリヤー塗料は、前述の塗料組成物の未硬化もしくは硬化させてなる塗面に塗装する塗料であり、樹脂成分および溶剤を主成分とし、さらに必要に応じてその他の塗料用添加剤などを配合してなる無色もしくは有色の透明塗膜を形成する液状塗料である。 The clear coating in the method of the present invention is a coating to be applied to the uncured or cured coating surface of the above-described coating composition. The clear coating is mainly composed of a resin component and a solvent, and, if necessary, other coating additives. Is a liquid paint that forms a colorless or colored transparent coating film.
本発明方法におけるクリヤー塗料としては、従来公知のものが制限なく使用できる。例
えば、基体樹脂及び架橋剤を含有する液状もしくは粉体状の塗料組成物が適用できる。基
体樹脂の例としては、水酸基、カルボキシル基、シラノ−ル基、エポキシ基などの架橋性
官能基を含有する、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、アルキド樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ウレ
タン樹脂、シリコン含有樹脂などが挙げられる。架橋剤としては、前記基体樹脂の官能基
と反応しうるメラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、ポリイソシアネ−ト化合物、ブロックポリイソシ
アネ−ト化合物、エポキシ化合物又は樹脂、カルボキシル基含有化合物又は樹脂、酸無水
物、アルコキシシラン基含有化合物又は樹脂等が挙げられる。また、必要に応じて、水や
有機溶剤等の溶媒、硬化触媒、消泡剤、紫外線吸収剤、レオロジーコントロール剤、酸化
防止剤、表面調整剤等の添加剤を適宜配合することができる。
As the clear paint in the method of the present invention, conventionally known clear paints can be used without limitation. For example, a liquid or powdery coating composition containing a base resin and a crosslinking agent can be applied. Examples of the base resin include acrylic resin, polyester resin, alkyd resin, fluororesin, urethane resin, and silicon-containing resin containing a crosslinkable functional group such as a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a silanol group, and an epoxy group. It is done. As a crosslinking agent, a melamine resin capable of reacting with the functional group of the base resin, urea resin, polyisocyanate compound, block polyisocyanate compound, epoxy compound or resin, carboxyl group-containing compound or resin, acid anhydride, Examples thereof include alkoxysilane group-containing compounds or resins. Further, if necessary, additives such as a solvent such as water and an organic solvent, a curing catalyst, an antifoaming agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a rheology control agent, an antioxidant, and a surface conditioner can be appropriately blended.
本発明方法におけるクリヤー塗料には、透明性を損なわない範囲内において、着色顔料
を適時配合することができる。着色顔料としては、インク用、塗料用として従来公知の顔
料を１種あるいは２種以上を組み合わせて配合することができる。その添加量は、適宜決
定されて良いが、クリヤー塗膜中の樹脂固形分１００質量部に対して、固形分として３０
質量部以下、好ましくは０.０１〜１５質量部、特に好ましくは０．１〜１０質量部の範
囲内である。
In the clear paint in the method of the present invention, a color pigment can be blended in a timely manner as long as transparency is not impaired. As the color pigment, one or a combination of two or more conventionally known pigments for ink and paint can be blended. The amount of addition may be determined as appropriate, but is 30 as a solid content with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin solid content in the clear coating film.
It is within a range of not more than mass parts, preferably 0.01 to 15 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 mass parts.
本発明方法におけるクリヤー塗料は、静電塗装、エアスプレ−、エアレススプレ−などの方法で塗装することができ、その膜厚は硬化塗膜に基づいて１５〜７０μｍの範囲内とするのが好ましい。クリヤー塗料の塗膜それ自体は、焼き付け乾燥型の場合、通常、約５０〜約１８０℃の温度で架橋硬化させることができ、常温乾燥型又は強制乾燥型の場合には、通常、常温乾燥〜約８０℃の温度で架橋硬化させることができる。 The clear coating in the method of the present invention can be applied by a method such as electrostatic coating, air spray, airless spray, and the film thickness is preferably in the range of 15 to 70 μm based on the cured coating film. The clear coating film itself can be crosslinked and cured usually at a temperature of about 50 to about 180 ° C. in the case of a baking dry type, and usually in the case of a normal temperature drying type or a forced drying type. It can be crosslinked and cured at a temperature of about 80 ° C.
以下、実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明はこれらの実施例のみに限定されるものではない。なお、「部」及び「％」はいずれも質量基準によるものである。
（製造例１）水酸基含有アクリル樹脂の製造
温度計、サーモスタット、撹拌器、還流冷却器及び滴下装置を備えた反応容器にエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート５０部を仕込み、撹拌混合し、１３５℃に昇温した。次いで下記のモノマー／重合開始剤の混合物を３時間かけて、同温度に保持した反応容器内に滴下し、滴下終了後１時間熟成を行なった。その後、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート１０部、２，２’−アゾビス（２−メチルプロピオニトリル）０．６部からなる混合物を１３５℃に保持した反応容器内に１時間３０分かけて滴下し、さらに２時間熟成した。次にエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテートを減圧下で留去し、樹脂固形分６５％の水酸基含有アクリル樹脂溶液を得た。得られた水酸基含有樹脂は、水酸基価５４ｍｇＫＯＨ／ｇ、数平均分子量２０，０００であった。ここで数平均分子量とは、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー（ＧＰＣ）によって標準ポリスチレンの検量線を用いて測定したものを意味する。
モノマー／重合開始剤の混合物：
メチルメタクリレ−ト３８部、エチルアクリレ−ト１７部、ｎ−ブチルアクリレ−ト１７部、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレ−ト７部、ラウリルメタクリレ−ト２０部及びアクリル酸１部及び２，２'−アゾビス（２−メチルプロピオニトリル）２部からなる混合物。
（着色顔料の白素地上と黒素地上の日射反射率測定）
実施例及び比較例に使用する着色顔料各々の白素地及び黒素地上の日射反射率を以下の要領で測定し、結果を表１に示した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the present invention is not limited to only these examples. “Part” and “%” are based on mass.
(Production Example 1) Production of hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin In a reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer, thermostat, stirrer, reflux condenser, and dropping device, 50 parts of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate was stirred and mixed, and the temperature was raised to 135 ° C. Warm up. Subsequently, the following monomer / polymerization initiator mixture was dropped into a reaction vessel maintained at the same temperature over 3 hours, and aging was performed for 1 hour after the completion of the dropping. Thereafter, a mixture composed of 10 parts of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate and 0.6 part of 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile) was dropped into a reaction vessel maintained at 135 ° C. over 1 hour 30 minutes. Aged for another 2 hours. Next, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin solution having a resin solid content of 65%. The obtained hydroxyl group-containing resin had a hydroxyl value of 54 mgKOH / g and a number average molecular weight of 20,000. Here, the number average molecular weight means that measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using a standard polystyrene calibration curve.
Monomer / polymerization initiator mixture:
38 parts of methyl methacrylate, 17 parts of ethyl acrylate, 17 parts of n-butyl acrylate, 7 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 20 parts of lauryl methacrylate and 1 part of acrylic acid and 2,2′-azobis A mixture consisting of 2 parts of (2-methylpropionitrile).
(Measurement of solar reflectance of colored pigments on white and black surfaces)
The solar reflectance of each of the color pigments used in Examples and Comparative Examples was measured in the following manner, and the results are shown in Table 1.
製造例１で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂溶液を固形分として７５部、ユーバン２８−６０（商品名、ブチルエーテル化メラミン樹脂、三井化学社製）を固形分として２５部からなるビヒクル形成成分である樹脂固形分１００部に対して、測定する着色顔料を１５部配合して攪拌混合し、塗装に適正な粘度に希釈して固形分約２５％の有機溶剤型塗料を調製する。ＪＩＳ Ｋ５１０１ ４隠ぺい率試験紙法に記載された隠ぺい率試験紙を平らなガラス板の上に水平に固定し、その上にドクターブレードを使用して、硬化塗膜厚が３０μｍとなるように塗装し、室温約２０℃の実験室に１５分間放置し、その後に熱風乾燥機を使用して１４０℃で３０分間加熱して硬化せしめた塗膜の白素地部分及び黒素地部分の日射反射率として、積分球ＩＳＲ−３１００を搭載した分光光度計ＵＶ−３１００ＰＣ（共に島津製作所社製）を使用して入射角度を８°としたときのＪＩＳ Ｋ５６０２に定義された反射率を測定した。
実施例１〜４，比較例１〜２
（塗料組成物の調製）
製造例１で得た水酸基含有アクリル樹脂溶液を固形分として７５部、ユーバン２８−６０（商品名、ブチルエーテル化メラミン樹脂、三井化学社製）を固形分として２５部からなるビヒクル形成成分である樹脂固形分１００部に対して、光輝性顔料及び着色顔料を表１に示す比率で配合して攪拌混合し、さらに有機溶剤を加えて希釈して、固形分約２５％の有機溶剤型塗料を調製し、実施例及び比較例に使用する塗料組成物１〜６を調製した。
Resin which is a vehicle forming component comprising 75 parts of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin solution obtained in Production Example 1 as a solid content and 25 parts of Euban 28-60 (trade name, butyl etherified melamine resin, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals) as a solid content. 15 parts of the color pigment to be measured is mixed with 100 parts of the solid content and stirred and mixed, and diluted to an appropriate viscosity for coating to prepare an organic solvent-type paint having a solid content of about 25%. Cover the opacity test paper described in JIS K5101 4 Coverage Test Paper Method horizontally on a flat glass plate, and apply a doctor blade on it so that the cured coating thickness is 30 μm. The solar reflectance of the white base and black base portions of the coating that was left in a laboratory at room temperature of about 20 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then cured by heating at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes using a hot air dryer. Using a spectrophotometer UV-3100PC (both manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) equipped with an integrating sphere ISR-3100, the reflectance defined in JIS K5602 was measured when the incident angle was 8 °.
Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-2
(Preparation of coating composition)
Resin which is a vehicle forming component comprising 75 parts of the hydroxyl group-containing acrylic resin solution obtained in Production Example 1 as a solid content and 25 parts of Euban 28-60 (trade name, butyl etherified melamine resin, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals) as a solid content. A bright pigment and a colored pigment are blended at a ratio shown in Table 1 with respect to 100 parts of the solid content, and stirred and mixed, and further diluted with an organic solvent to prepare an organic solvent-type paint having a solid content of about 25%. Coating compositions 1 to 6 used in Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared.
（試験板の作成）
基材の調製
脱脂及びりん酸亜鉛処理した鋼板（ＪＩＳＧ３１４１、大きさ４００×３００×０．８ｍｍ）にカチオン電着塗料「エレクロン９４００ＨＢ」（商品名：関西ペイント株式会社製、エポキシ樹脂ポリアミン系カチオン樹脂に硬化剤としてブロックポリイソシアネ−ト化合物を使用したもの）を硬化塗膜に基づいて膜厚２０μｍになるように電着塗装し、１７０℃で２０分加熱して架橋硬化させて電着塗膜を得た。
(Creation of test plate)
Preparation of base material Degreased and zinc phosphate-treated steel plate (JISG3141, size 400 × 300 × 0.8 mm), cationic electrodeposition paint “Electron 9400HB” (trade name: manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., epoxy resin polyamine cationic resin (Using a block polyisocyanate compound as a curing agent) is electrodeposited so as to have a film thickness of 20 μm based on the cured coating film, and heated at 170 ° C. for 20 minutes to be crosslinked and cured to be electrodeposited. A membrane was obtained.
得られた電着塗面に、中塗塗料「ル−ガベ−ク中塗りグレ−」（商品名：関西ペイント株式会社製、ポリエステル樹脂・メラミン樹脂系、有機溶剤型）をエアスプレーにて硬化塗膜に基づいて膜厚３０μｍになるように塗装し、１４０℃で３０分加熱して架橋硬化させて、中塗塗膜を形成した塗板を基材を調製した。
（２）塗料組成物１〜６及びクリヤー塗料の塗装
上記基材に、塗料組成物１〜６をエアスプレーを用いて、硬化塗膜として２０μｍとなるように塗装し、塗装後、室温約２０℃の実験室に約１５分静置し、その後にクリヤー塗料「ル−ガベ−ククリヤ−」（商品名：関西ペイント製、アクリル樹脂・アミノ樹脂系、有機溶剤型）をミニベル型回転式静電塗装機を用いて、ブ−ス温度２５℃、湿度７５％の条件で硬化塗膜として、３０μｍとなるように塗装した。塗装後、室温にて１５分間放置した後に、熱風循環式乾燥炉内を使用して、１４０℃で３０分間加熱し、複層塗膜を同時に乾燥硬化せしめて試験板を得た。
（評価）
上記試験板の意匠性を以下の要領にて評価し、結果を表１に示した。
（１）明度の測定
Ｘ−Ｒｉｔｅ社製のＭＡ−６８ＩＩ（商品名、多角度分光光度計）を使用して明度の測定を行った。正反射光に対して４５°で受光した分光反射率に基づいて計算したＬ＊ａ＊ｂ＊表色系における明度Ｌ＊を表１に示した。
（２）目視による評価
作成した塗板を、人工太陽灯（セリック社製、色温度６５００Ｋ）で照明し、試験板の照明に対する角度を変えて観察して、ハイライト（正反射光近傍）からシェード（斜め方向）への色相変化を以下の基準に沿って目視にて評価した。評価は、色彩開発に３年以上従事するデザイナー２名と技術者３名の計５名が行ない、平均点を採用した。
３：大きな色相変化がある。
２：小さな色相変化がある。
１：色相変化がほとんどない。
（３）遮熱性評価
１辺が４０ｃｍのダンボール箱上部に７０ｍｍ四方の正方形の穴をあけたものを、室温約２０℃の実験室に３０分間静置した。意匠性評価に使用した試験板を、７５ｍｍ×７５ｍｍの大きさに切断して、裏に熱電対のセンサーをセロハンテープで固定した塗板を、
前記穴をふさぐように静置した。４０ｃｍの距離から、ＨＡＬＯＧＥＮ ＬＩＧＨＴ（ＬＰＬ１５００）を照射し、１５分後の塗板温度を測定し、結果を表１に示した。
On the obtained electrodeposition coating surface, an intermediate coating “Lugabek intermediate coating gray” (trade name: manufactured by Kansai Paint Co., Ltd., polyester resin / melamine resin type, organic solvent type) is applied by air spray. Based on the film, it was coated to a film thickness of 30 μm, heated at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to be crosslinked and cured, and a coated plate on which an intermediate coating film was formed was prepared as a substrate.
(2) Application of coating compositions 1-6 and clear coating The coating compositions 1-6 were applied to the substrate using air spray so as to have a cured coating film thickness of 20 μm. Let stand in a laboratory at 15 ° C for about 15 minutes, and then apply a clear paint "Lugave Kukuriya" (trade name: manufactured by Kansai Paint, acrylic resin / amino resin type, organic solvent type) to minibell type rotary electrostatic Using a coating machine, the coating was applied to a thickness of 30 μm as a cured coating film under conditions of a boot temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 75%. After coating, the sample was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then heated in a hot-air circulating drying oven at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to simultaneously dry and cure the multilayer coating film to obtain a test plate.
(Evaluation)
The design properties of the test plate were evaluated in the following manner, and the results are shown in Table 1.
(1) Measurement of brightness The brightness was measured using MA-68II (trade name, multi-angle spectrophotometer) manufactured by X-Rite. Table 1 shows the lightness L * in the L * a * b * color system calculated based on the spectral reflectance received at 45 ° with respect to the specularly reflected light.
(2) Evaluation by visual observation The prepared coated plate is illuminated with an artificial solar light (manufactured by Celic, color temperature 6500K), observed at a different angle to the illumination of the test plate, and shaded from the highlight (near the specular reflection light) The hue change in the (oblique direction) was evaluated visually according to the following criteria. The evaluation was conducted by a total of 5 designers and 3 engineers engaged in color development for 3 years or more, and the average score was adopted.
3: There is a large hue change.
2: There is a small hue change.
1: There is almost no hue change.
(3) Evaluation of heat shielding properties A 70 mm square hole formed in the upper part of a corrugated cardboard box with a side of 40 cm was left in a laboratory at room temperature of about 20 ° C. for 30 minutes. A test plate used for design evaluation was cut into a size of 75 mm × 75 mm, and a coated plate with a thermocouple sensor fixed on the back with a cellophane tape,
It left still so that the said hole might be plugged up. From a distance of 40 cm, HALOGEN LIGHT (LPL1500) was irradiated, and the coating plate temperature after 15 minutes was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
本発明の塗料組成物及び塗膜形成方法は、各種工業製品、特に自動車外板に適用できる。 The coating composition and the coating film forming method of the present invention can be applied to various industrial products, particularly automobile outer plates.
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| US11809933B2 (en) | 2018-11-13 | 2023-11-07 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of detecting a concealed pattern |
| US11808833B2 (en) | 2016-10-28 | 2023-11-07 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Coatings for increasing near-infrared detection distances |
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