JP2011202845A - Air conditioner - Google Patents
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- JP2011202845A JP2011202845A JP2010069619A JP2010069619A JP2011202845A JP 2011202845 A JP2011202845 A JP 2011202845A JP 2010069619 A JP2010069619 A JP 2010069619A JP 2010069619 A JP2010069619 A JP 2010069619A JP 2011202845 A JP2011202845 A JP 2011202845A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、ヒートポンプ運転による暖房運転時において、暖房を継続しながら室外熱交換器に付着した霜を除去する除霜運転を行うことができる空気調和機等に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an air conditioner or the like capable of performing a defrosting operation for removing frost attached to an outdoor heat exchanger while heating is continued during a heating operation by a heat pump operation.
従来、この種のヒートポンプ式の空気調和機の除霜方式は、一般的に四方弁を切り換え、冷凍サイクルの冷媒を逆方向に流す除霜方式をとっている。即ち、除霜運転は、冷房時と同じ冷媒の流動方向とし、室外熱交換器に高温高圧の冷媒を流す事により、室外熱交換器に付着した霜を融解するものである。 Conventionally, this type of heat pump type air conditioner defrosting method generally employs a defrosting method in which the four-way valve is switched and the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle flows in the reverse direction. That is, in the defrosting operation, the frost adhering to the outdoor heat exchanger is melted by flowing the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant through the outdoor heat exchanger with the same refrigerant flow direction as that during cooling.
この除霜方式では、除霜時は、室内側の熱交換器が蒸発器となるため、部屋の温度が低下して冷風感を感じるという基本的課題があった。この基本的課題への対策として、暖房運転を継続しながら除霜運転する空気調和機が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。 In this defrosting method, during the defrosting, since the indoor heat exchanger becomes an evaporator, there is a basic problem that the temperature of the room is lowered and a cold wind feeling is felt. As a countermeasure against this basic problem, an air conditioner that performs a defrosting operation while continuing the heating operation has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
特許文献1の空気調和機は、図3の様に圧縮機1、四方弁2、減圧器4、室外送風機17、室外熱交換器5、前記室外熱交換器5の温度を検知する室外配管温度検出手段22、室外気温度を検知する室外気温度検出手段20を具備した室外機19と、室内熱交換器3、室内送風機16、室内気温度を検知する室内気温度検出手段21を具備した室内機18とを冷媒回路11で連結したヒートポンプ式冷凍サイクルと、第1の二方弁7及び冷媒加熱器9を有すると共に前記室内熱交換器3と前記減圧器4の間と前記四方弁2と前記室外熱交換器5の間を連結する第1のバイパス回路6と、第2の二方弁14を有すると共に、前記四方弁2と前記室内熱交換器3の間又は前記圧縮機1と前記四方弁2の間と前記減圧器4と前記室外熱交換器5の間を連結する第2のバイパス回路13とを備える。
As shown in FIG. 3, the air conditioner of Patent Document 1 includes a compressor 1, a four-
そして、前記室外熱交換器5の除霜を行う際、前記第1の二方弁7を開放して前記冷媒加熱器9で加熱された冷媒を前記圧縮機1の吸入側に流す第1のバイパス運転と、前記第2の二方弁14を開放して前記室外熱交換器5に冷媒を通過させる第2のバイパス運転のホットガスバイパスにより除霜を行う空気調和機において、除霜運転中、第1の所定の時間内に室外配管温度検出手段によって検出された前記室外熱交換器の温度が所定の温度に到達しない場合、前記ホットガスバイパスによる除霜運転を終了し、第2の所定時間、除霜間途中暖房運転を実施した後に前記四方弁2により冷媒回路を切り換えて冷房サイクルの運転によって除霜を行う四方弁切り換え除霜を行う。
When the defrosting of the
これによって、暖房運転を行いながら除霜運転を実施することができると共に、ホットガスバイパスによって行う除霜方式と冷房サイクルの運転によって除霜を行う四方弁切り換え除霜を連続運転させないことで、ホットガスバイパス除霜での部屋温度少低下はあるものの、除霜間途中暖房運転に移行し部屋の温度を復帰させてから、四方弁切り換え除霜に移行させるので、快適性が悪化することはない。また、除霜間途中暖房を、第2の所定時間運転させるが、ホットガスバイパス除霜後なので、四方弁切り換え除霜開始前の着霜量は少なく、四方弁切り換え除霜時間が長くなることはない上に、部屋温度の低下も少なく快適性が悪化することはない。 As a result, the defrosting operation can be performed while performing the heating operation, and the defrosting method performed by the hot gas bypass and the four-way valve switching defrosting that performs the defrosting by the operation of the cooling cycle are not continuously operated. Although there is a small decrease in room temperature due to gas bypass defrosting, it is switched to heating operation during defrosting and the room temperature is restored, and then switching to four-way valve switching defrosting, so comfort does not deteriorate. . In addition, heating during defrosting is operated for the second predetermined time, but since it is after hot gas bypass defrosting, the amount of frost formation before starting the four-way valve switching defrosting is small, and the four-way valve switching defrosting time becomes long. In addition, there is little decrease in room temperature and comfort does not deteriorate.
また、四方弁切り替えによる除霜の場合は除霜運転後に図2に示す除霜実施時間と暖房運転時間の比率で次回除霜運転を開始する際の室外配管温度閾値に補正を行い、着霜量によって次回の除霜運転に入る時間間隔を変更している。実際は、室外機配管温度で除霜開
始を判断しているが、その判定閾値を補正することによって、次回除霜運転に入る時間を変更している。
Further, in the case of defrosting by switching the four-way valve, after the defrosting operation, the outdoor pipe temperature threshold when the next defrosting operation is started is corrected by the ratio of the defrosting operation time and the heating operation time shown in FIG. The time interval for entering the next defrosting operation is changed according to the amount. Actually, the start of defrosting is determined based on the outdoor unit piping temperature, but the time to enter the next defrosting operation is changed by correcting the determination threshold.
現在、四方弁切り換え除霜の場合除霜終了後に各除霜時間と暖房運転の時間の比率で、次回除霜を開始する条件である室外機配管温度の除霜開始温度を補正することで、除霜量に応じて適切な除霜を行えるようにしている。(以後、配管温度補正と称する。)しかし、ホットガスバイパス除霜専用の所定除霜時間データが必要となる上、四方弁切り換え除霜と除霜運転のシーケンスが異なってくるため、図4に示す除霜終了時間を配管温度補正に使用したいが、現在の配管温度補正の制御では図4に示す除霜実施時間のみでしか適応できず、ホットガスバイパス除霜では配管温度補正が適用できない。このため、ホットガスバイパス除霜用も配管温度補正を実施できる制御が必要になってくる。また、各1回の除霜運転後に毎回配管温度補正を実施しているため、複数回連続して除霜を行う際に、複数回連続の最後の除霜運転時の除霜時間で配管温度補正を行ってしまい、本来複数回連続の初回時の除霜運転時間で配管温度補正が行えない。 Currently, in the case of four-way valve switching defrosting, by correcting the defrosting start temperature of the outdoor unit piping temperature, which is the condition for starting the next defrosting, at the ratio of each defrosting time and the heating operation time after the defrosting, Appropriate defrosting can be performed according to the amount of defrosting. (Hereinafter referred to as piping temperature correction.) However, since predetermined defrosting time data dedicated to hot gas bypass defrosting is required and the four-way valve switching defrosting and defrosting operation sequences differ, FIG. The desired defrosting end time is used for pipe temperature correction, but the current pipe temperature correction control can be applied only by the defrosting time shown in FIG. 4, and pipe temperature correction cannot be applied in hot gas bypass defrosting. For this reason, the control which can implement piping temperature correction | amendment also for hot gas bypass defrosting is needed. In addition, since pipe temperature correction is performed every time after each defrost operation, when defrosting is performed multiple times continuously, the pipe temperature is determined by the defrosting time during the last defrost operation that is repeated multiple times. Since the correction is performed, the piping temperature cannot be corrected by the defrosting operation time at the first time that is continuously performed a plurality of times.
従って、四方弁切り換え除霜時の配管温度補正とホットガスバイパス除霜時の配管温度補正の制御及びデータを分ける必要があり、そのため開発コストがかかるという課題がある。 Therefore, it is necessary to separate the control and data of the piping temperature correction at the time of defrosting the four-way valve switching and the piping temperature correction at the time of hot gas bypass defrosting.
前記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の制御方式は、配管温度補正制御を除霜時間及び制御シーケンスが異なる方式であっても、同一制御で対応できる制御方式である。 In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the control method of the present invention is a control method that can handle pipe temperature correction control with the same control even if the defrosting time and the control sequence are different.
本発明の制御方式は、配管温度補正制御を除霜時間及び制御シーケンスが異なる方式であっても、同一制御で対応できる制御方式であり、そのため、一台の電子制御装置でホットガスバイパス除霜制御の有り/無しを切り換えることが可能な除霜制御を実施することができ、開発コストが下がる効果を奏する。 The control method of the present invention is a control method that can cope with pipe temperature correction control with the same control even if the defrosting time and the control sequence are different. Therefore, the hot gas bypass defrosting is performed by one electronic control unit. It is possible to perform defrost control that can be switched between the presence / absence of control, and the effect of lowering the development cost is achieved.
第1の発明は、ヒートポンプ式電気機器の四方弁切り換え除霜及びホットガスバイパス除霜制御の際も、各異なる除霜時間及びシーケンスであっても、同一の制御で配管温度補正を行うことが可能な除霜制御において、使用する電気機器によって、前記を選択でき、使用する除霜制御の仕様に影響を受けず、開発コストを下げることができる。 1st invention can perform piping temperature correction by the same control also in the case of each different defrost time and sequence also in the case of four-way valve switching defrost and hot gas bypass defrost control of heat pump type electric equipment. In the possible defrost control, the above can be selected depending on the electric equipment to be used, and the development cost can be reduced without being influenced by the specifications of the defrost control to be used.
第2の発明は、除霜制御の切換を行なうことによって、一方は連続して複数種類の除霜に移行するが、一方は連続して複数種類の除霜に移行しないという選択が可能となり、使用する除霜制御に使用した空気調和機を提供するものであり使用する除霜制御の仕様に影響を受けず、開発コストを下げることができる。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, by switching the defrosting control, one can be continuously shifted to a plurality of types of defrosting, while the other can be selected not to continuously shift to a plurality of types of defrosting, The air conditioner used for the defrost control to be used is provided, and the development cost can be reduced without being influenced by the specifications of the defrost control to be used.
以下本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(実施の形態1)
図1は本発明の第1の実施の形態におけるブロック図である。24は除霜制御手段、25は除霜開始判定手段、26は除霜制御切換手段、23はホットガスバイパス除霜制御手段である。
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a block diagram according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
この除霜制御8手段24は、除霜開始判定手段25で除霜制御開始条件を満たしているか判定を行い、除霜制御開始条件が成立している場合は、除霜制御切換手段26で除霜制御の種類の選択を行う。
The
除霜制御切換手段26で、除霜の種類を選択し、除霜の種類に応じた所定の除霜運転時間、圧縮機運転手段27には周波数指令、膨張弁開度可変手段28には膨張弁開度指令、室外送風機運転手段29には室外ファン速度指令、及び四方弁切換手段30には切換指令を与え除霜運転を行う。 The type of defrosting is selected by the defrosting control switching means 26, a predetermined defrosting operation time according to the type of defrosting, a frequency command for the compressor operating means 27, and an expansion for the expansion valve opening varying means 28. A defrosting operation is performed by giving a valve opening command, an outdoor fan speed command to the outdoor fan operating means 29, and a switching command to the four-way valve switching means 30.
ホットガスバイパス除霜制御手段23は、ホットガスバイパス除霜用の所定時間、冷媒加熱器制御手段32に加熱器ヒータのオンオフ指令、冷媒加熱用二方弁開閉手段33に冷媒加熱用二方弁の開閉指令、除霜用二方弁開閉手段34に除霜用二方弁の開閉指令、及び室外熱交換器温度検出手段35を有効にし、除霜方式を切り換えることが出来る。
The hot gas bypass defrosting control means 23 includes a heater heater on / off command to the refrigerant heater control means 32 and a refrigerant heating two-way valve to the refrigerant heating two-way valve opening / closing means 33 for a predetermined time for hot gas bypass defrosting. The defrosting method can be switched by enabling the defrosting two-way valve opening / closing means 34 and the defrosting two-way valve opening /
ホットガスバイパス回路を有するヒートポンプ式の電気機器の場合、ホットガスバイパス除霜制御有りを選択することで、ホットガスバイパス除霜制御を行う。ホットガスバイパス回路を有しないヒートポンプ式の電気機器の場合、ホットガスバイパス除霜制御無しを選択することで、ホットガスバイパスを使用しない除霜制御を行い、そのため除霜制御方式によって異なる配管温度補正方式を選択でき、除霜時間を図2に示す除霜実施時間を使用する配管温度補正の場合は、除霜実施時間を取得し、また図2に示す除霜実施時間を除霜終了時間を使用する配管温度補正の場合は、除霜終了時間を取得することで、1種類の電子制御装置でホットガスバイパス除霜制御の切り換えを実現する際、除霜方式に応じて、所定の配管温度補正を実施することができる。 In the case of a heat pump type electric device having a hot gas bypass circuit, hot gas bypass defrost control is performed by selecting the presence of hot gas bypass defrost control. In the case of heat pump type electrical equipment that does not have a hot gas bypass circuit, by selecting no hot gas bypass defrosting control, defrosting control without using hot gas bypass is performed, so pipe temperature correction that differs depending on the defrosting control method In the case of pipe temperature correction using the defrosting time shown in FIG. 2, the defrosting time is acquired, and the defrosting time shown in FIG. In the case of correction of the piping temperature to be used, when the switching of the hot gas bypass defrosting control is realized with one type of electronic control device by acquiring the defrosting end time, the predetermined piping temperature is determined according to the defrosting method. Correction can be performed.
(実施の形態2)
図2は本発明の第2の実施の形態におけるフローチャートであり、構成は第1の実施の形態と同じであるため、説明を省略する。
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 2 is a flowchart according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and since the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
本発明の第1の実施の形態で除霜制御の切換を行なうことによって、一方は連続して複数種類の除霜に移行するが、一方は連続して複数種類の除霜に移行しないという選択が可能となる。 By switching defrost control in the first embodiment of the present invention, one is continuously shifted to a plurality of types of defrost, but one is not continuously shifted to a plurality of types of defrost. Is possible.
図2において、STEP001で除霜開始条件成立後、STEP002のホットガスバイパス除霜判定でホットガスバイパス除霜と判定された場合、STEP003でホットガスバイパス除霜運転を行う。 In FIG. 2, after the defrost start condition is established in STEP 001, when it is determined that the hot gas bypass defrost is determined in the hot gas bypass defrost determination in STEP 002, the hot gas bypass defrost operation is performed in STEP 003.
STEP003のホットガスバイパス除霜運転終了後、STEP004で除霜終了判定を行い、除霜終了判定が成立すれば除霜制御を終了し、STEP009で通常暖房運転を
行う。除霜終了判定STEP004で除霜終了判定が成立しなければ、STEP005でホットガスバイパス除霜運転を行う。
After completion of the hot gas bypass defrosting operation in STEP003, the defrosting end determination is performed in STEP004. If the defrosting end determination is satisfied, the defrosting control is ended, and the normal heating operation is performed in STEP009. If the defrosting end determination is not satisfied in the defrosting end determination STEP004, the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is performed in STEP005.
STEP005のホットガスバイパス除霜終了後、STEP006で除霜終了判定を行い、除霜終了判定が成立すれば除霜制御を終了し、STEP009で通常暖房運転を行う。STEP006で除霜終了判定が成立しなければ、STEP007の霜間途中暖房運転で所定時間暖房運転を行い、所定時間経過後STEP008で四方弁切り換え除霜を開始する。 After completion of the hot gas bypass defrosting in STEP005, the defrosting end determination is performed in STEP006. If the defrosting end determination is satisfied, the defrosting control is ended, and the normal heating operation is performed in STEP009. If the defrosting end determination is not satisfied in STEP006, the heating operation is performed for a predetermined time in the inter-frost heating operation in STEP007, and the four-way valve switching defrosting is started in STEP008 after the predetermined time has elapsed.
STEP002のホットガスバイパス除霜判定でホットガスバイパス除霜でないと判定された場合、STEP010で四方弁切り換え除霜運転を行い、四方弁切り換え除霜運転終了後、STEP011の通常暖房運転を行う。 When it is determined that the hot gas bypass defrosting is not performed in STEP002, the four-way valve switching defrosting operation is performed in STEP010. After the four-way valve switching defrosting operation is completed, the normal heating operation in STEP011 is performed.
ホットガスバイパス除霜運転終了後に再度ホットガスバイパス除霜運転や四方弁切り替え除霜運転を行う際、配管温度補正は図5に示すように連続時の初回の除霜運転の除霜時間を取得して配管温度補正を行うことができ、所定の配管温度補正を実施することができる。 When performing the hot gas bypass defrosting operation or the four-way valve switching defrosting operation again after the hot gas bypass defrosting operation is completed, the piping temperature correction acquires the defrosting time of the first defrosting operation at the time of continuous as shown in FIG. Thus, pipe temperature correction can be performed, and predetermined pipe temperature correction can be performed.
以上のように本発明の制御方式は、四方弁切り換え除霜およびホットガスバイパス除霜のどちらを選択しても、各除霜時間および異なるシーケンスに対応できるため、室外温度が非常に低温の寒冷地向けとホットガスバイパス除霜が不要な一般地向けと共用する電子制御装置で配管温度補正を行い、適切に除霜運転ができるので、空気調和機をはじめ給湯機等のヒートポンプを用いて除霜を行う電気機器の用途に広く適用することができる。 As described above, the control method of the present invention can cope with each defrosting time and different sequences regardless of whether the four-way valve switching defrosting or the hot gas bypass defrosting is selected, so that the outdoor temperature is very low. The piping temperature is corrected by an electronic control unit that is shared with the general public and those that do not require hot gas bypass defrosting, so that the defrosting operation can be performed appropriately, so it can be removed using a heat pump such as an air conditioner or a water heater. It can be widely applied to the use of electric equipment that performs frosting.
23 ホットガスバイパス除霜制御手段
24 除霜制御手段
25 除霜開始判定手段
26 除霜制御切換手段
27 除霜運転時圧縮機運転手段
28 除霜運転時膨張弁開度可変手段
29 除霜運転時室外送風機運転手段
30 除霜運転時四方弁切換手段
31 室外気温度検出手段
32 冷媒加熱器制御手段
33 冷媒加熱用二方弁開閉手段
34 除霜用二方弁開閉手段
35 室外熱交換器温度検出手段
23 Degassing control means 24 Defrosting control means 25 Defrosting start determining
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Cited By (6)
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WO2015043097A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-02 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner system and defrosting control method therefor |
JP2017194201A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Air conditioner |
US20180156178A1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Stop-start vehicle system and method |
CN110410903A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-05 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Four-pipe system air conditioner cold-heat waterpipe shares connection structure |
CN110513930A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-29 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Net for air-source heat pump units frequency-changeable compressor adding and subtracting load control method |
CN112728721A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioner, composite defrosting control method and device thereof, and storage medium |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015043097A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2015-04-02 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner system and defrosting control method therefor |
JP2017194201A (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | 日立ジョンソンコントロールズ空調株式会社 | Air conditioner |
US20180156178A1 (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Stop-start vehicle system and method |
CN110410903A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-11-05 | 中国五冶集团有限公司 | Four-pipe system air conditioner cold-heat waterpipe shares connection structure |
CN110513930A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-29 | 四川长虹空调有限公司 | Net for air-source heat pump units frequency-changeable compressor adding and subtracting load control method |
CN112728721A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioner, composite defrosting control method and device thereof, and storage medium |
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