JP2011193858A - γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-CONTAINING FEED, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR RAISING LIVESTOCK USING THE FEED - Google Patents
γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-CONTAINING FEED, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR RAISING LIVESTOCK USING THE FEED Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、γ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料とその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた家畜の飼育方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a feed containing γ-aminobutyric acid, a method for producing the feed, and a method for raising livestock using the feed.
子豚はストレスに弱く、非常に高い確率で消化器官感染症に罹患し、死亡する。子豚の死亡率は、養豚業において採算を決定する重要な因子の一つである。特に豚舎の環境が悪いと、子豚の死亡率はしばしば１０％もの高率に達する。 Piglets are vulnerable to stress and have a very high probability of suffering from gastrointestinal infections and dying. Piglet mortality is an important factor in the profitability of the pig industry. Especially in poor pig housing, piglet mortality is often as high as 10%.
子豚の感染症防止のために、抗生物質を使用することが提案されており（特許文献１参照）、実際上も通常は抗生物質入りの餌が与えられている。
しかしながら、抗生物質は高価なだけでなく、子豚の腸内細菌層を破壊するので、本来望ましくない物質である。
さらに、２００６年からＥＵ圏では、離乳子豚に抗生物質を投与することが禁止された。この措置をうけ、将来的には日本でも抗生物質投与が制限される可能性がある。
In order to prevent infection of piglets, it has been proposed to use antibiotics (see Patent Document 1), and in practice, food containing antibiotics is usually given.
However, antibiotics are inherently undesirable because they are not only expensive, but also destroy the intestinal bacterial layer of piglets.
Furthermore, since 2006, it has been prohibited to administer antibiotics to weaned piglets in the EU. With this measure, antibiotics may be restricted in Japan in the future.
また、肥育豚も神経質な生き物であり、過密な豚舎環境などが原因でストレスが高じると仲間の尾を囓るなどの問題行動を起こすことが知られている。尾囓りが発生すると、被害豚は感染症によりしばしば死亡する。 Also, fattening pigs are also nervous creatures and are known to cause problematic behavior such as scolding their peers when stress increases due to an overcrowded piggery environment. When tailing occurs, the affected pigs often die from infection.
従って、抗生物質の投与という方法でなく、子豚や肥育豚などのストレスを抑制し、ひいては感染症を防止することが望まれている。 Therefore, it is desired not to administer antibiotics, but to suppress stresses such as piglets and fattening pigs, thereby preventing infectious diseases.
ところで、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）は抑制系の神経伝達物質で、経口投与によって哺乳動物の血圧抑制に寄与することが知られているアミノ酸である。高齢者を対象にギャバを蓄積させた米胚芽を与えた実験では、精神的に落ち着き、不眠が解消したなどのストレス低減効果が確認されている。
また、離乳子豚に、γ-アミノ酪酸を20mg/kg/day経口投与すると闘争が減少し、外傷が減少する部位が見られたとの報告がある（非特許文献１参照）。
By the way, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and is an amino acid known to contribute to suppression of blood pressure in mammals by oral administration. In an experiment in which rice germs with accumulated GABA were given to elderly people, stress reduction effects such as mental calmness and insomnia were confirmed.
In addition, it has been reported that when γ-aminobutyric acid is orally administered to weaned piglets at a dose of 20 mg / kg / day, struggles are reduced and trauma is reduced (see Non-Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、上記技術は試薬などのγ-アミノ酪酸を用いたものに過ぎず、コストの点からみても、実際上、飼料としての利用には適さないものであった。 However, the above technique is merely a technique using γ-aminobutyric acid such as a reagent, and from the viewpoint of cost, it is practically unsuitable for use as a feed.
なお、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を富化した食品素材の製法としては、イネ科穀物内に存在する植物酵素を利用した方法が知られている（特許文献２参照）。
しかしながら、植物酵素を用いる場合、酵素が熱に不安定であるため、原材料の履歴によっては、望むだけの濃度までγ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を増大させることができなかった。
In addition, as a method for producing a food material enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a method using a plant enzyme present in gramineous grains is known (see Patent Document 2).
However, when a plant enzyme is used, the enzyme is unstable to heat, and depending on the history of raw materials, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) cannot be increased to a desired concentration.
また、スピルリナを乳酸発酵させて、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を高含有させたとの報告もある（非特許文献２参照）。
しかしながら、この場合、グルタミン酸を１％添加した培地を用いたときにγ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を１００ｍｇ／１００ｍｌを超えて高含有させているのであって、グルタミン酸を添加しないときには、１〜４４ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ程度にとどまっている。グルタミン酸は高価な食品添加物であり、飼料としての利用には適さないものであることから、グルタミン酸を使用することなく、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を高含有させた（例えば、１００ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ以上と高含有させた）飼料が求められている。
There is also a report that Spirulina was lactic acid fermented to contain a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) (see Non-Patent Document 2).
However, in this case, when a medium supplemented with 1% glutamic acid is used, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; GABA) is contained in a high amount exceeding 100 mg / 100 ml. When no glutamic acid is added, Only 44 mg / 100 ml. Since glutamic acid is an expensive food additive and is not suitable for use as a feed, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is highly contained (eg, 100 mg / g) without using glutamic acid. There is a need for feed that is highly contained (100 ml or more).
本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解消し、抗生物質の投与という方法でなく、しかもグルタミン酸を添加することなく、γ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料を作成する技術を提供することを目的とするものである。
γ-アミノ酪酸はストレスを抑制する効果があることから、γ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料を家畜に給与することにより、安全に家畜、特に子豚や肥育豚のストレスを抑制し、ひいては感染症を防止することができるものと期待される。
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to provide a technique for producing a feed containing a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid without adding antibiotics and without adding antibiotics. To do.
Since γ-aminobutyric acid has the effect of suppressing stress, feeding livestock with a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid safely suppresses stress in livestock, especially piglets and fattening pigs, and infectious It is expected that the disease can be prevented.
本発明者らは、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、イネ科穀物と特定の乳酸菌を用い、まずイネ科穀物の種子を粉砕し、次いでその水分率を２０〜４０％に調整した後、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵させることにより、ストレス抑制物質であるγ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料が得られることを見出し、この知見に基づいて、本発明を完成したものである。 As a result of intensive research, the inventors of the present invention used a gramineous grain and a specific lactic acid bacterium, first pulverized gramineous grain seeds, and then adjusted the moisture content to 20 to 40%, and further to this. We found that a feed containing a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid, a stress-inhibiting substance, can be obtained by inoculating and fermenting the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931). Based on this, the present invention has been completed.
即ち、本発明は次のとおりのものである。
（１）；イネ科穀物の種子を粉砕したものに水を加えてその水分率を２０％を超え、４０％以下に調整し、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵させて得られる、γ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料に関する。
（２）；イネ科穀物の種子が玄米である、前記（１）に記載のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料に関する。
（３）；脱気密封状態で発酵させる、前記（１）又は（２）に記載のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料に関する。
（４）；イネ科穀物の種子を粉砕し、次いで水を加えてその水分率を２０％を超え、４０％以下に調整した後、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵させることを特徴とする、γ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料の製造方法に関する。
（５）；イネ科穀物の種子が玄米である、前記（４）に記載のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料の製造方法に関する。
（６）；脱気密封状態で発酵させる、前記（４）又は（５）に記載のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料の製造方法に関する。
（７）；前記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料を用いて家畜を飼育することを特徴とする、家畜の飼育方法に関する。
（８）；家畜が豚である、前記（７）に記載の飼育方法に関する。
That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1): Water is added to the pulverized gramineous seed to adjust the water content to more than 20% and less than 40%, and to this, the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM) The present invention relates to a γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed obtained by inoculating and fermenting P-18931).
(2): The γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed according to (1), wherein the gramineous grain seed is brown rice.
(3): The γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed according to (1) or (2), wherein fermentation is performed in a degassed and sealed state.
(4): After grinding the seeds of Gramineae grains and then adding water to adjust the water content to over 20% and below 40%, the lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain ( The present invention relates to a method for producing a feed containing γ-aminobutyric acid, which is inoculated with FERM P-18931) and fermented.
(5): The method for producing a γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed according to (4) above, wherein the gramineous grain seed is brown rice.
(6): The method for producing a γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed according to (4) or (5), wherein fermentation is performed in a degassed and sealed state.
(7): A method for raising livestock, comprising raising livestock using the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed according to any one of (1) to (3).
(8) The method according to (7), wherein the livestock is a pig.
本発明によれば、グルタミン酸を添加することなく、γ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料を作成する技術が提供される。
本発明によれば、グルタミン酸を添加することなく、γ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料が得られることから、これを家畜に給与することにより、多量に蓄積するギャバによって、家畜、特に豚（子豚や肥育豚など）のストレスを低減させることができる。しかも、乳酸菌の効果で整腸作用も期待される。
さらに、本発明により得られるγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、乳酸発酵されていることから、家畜、特に豚（子豚や肥育豚など）にとって、飼料に対する嗜好性が向上したものとなっている。
また、本発明により得られるγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、安全性の点でも問題がない。
According to the present invention, there is provided a technique for producing a feed containing a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid without adding glutamic acid.
According to the present invention, a feed containing a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid can be obtained without adding glutamic acid. The stress of pigs and fattening pigs) can be reduced. In addition, the effect of adjusting the intestine is expected due to the effect of lactic acid bacteria.
Furthermore, since the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed obtained by the present invention is lactic acid fermented, it has improved palatability for feed for livestock, particularly pigs (eg, piglets and fattening pigs).
Moreover, the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed obtained by the present invention has no problem in terms of safety.
本発明のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、イネ科穀物の種子を粉砕し、次いで水を加えてその水分率を２０〜４０％に調整し、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵させて得られるものである。 The γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed of the present invention is prepared by pulverizing the seeds of gramineous grains and then adding water to adjust the water content to 20 to 40%. Further, the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 A strain (FERM P-18931) is inoculated and fermented.
ここでイネ科穀物としては、イネの他、コムギ、オオムギ、ライムギ、エンバク、ヒエ、アワ、トウモロコシ、モロコシなどの麦類が挙げられ、とりわけイネが好適である。イネ科穀物としては、本発明が飼料に関するものであることから、飼料用のもの（例えば、飼料用イネ）を用いるのが通常であるが、必ずしもこれに限定されるものではない。
なお、イネ科穀物は、イモ類や豆類より、タンパク質中のギャバの原料になるグルタミン酸含量割合が高いことに加えて、ギャバの吸収を阻害するペクチンが含まれておらず、吸収阻害効果がないという利点がある。
Here, examples of the gramineous grain include wheat, wheat, barley, rye, oat, millet, millet, maize, sorghum and the like, with rice being particularly preferred. As the gramineous grain, since the present invention relates to feed, it is usually used for feed (for example, rice for feed), but is not necessarily limited thereto.
Gramineous grains have a higher content of glutamic acid as a raw material for GABA in proteins than potatoes and beans, and do not contain pectin, which inhibits GABA absorption, and have no absorption inhibitory effect. There is an advantage.
イネ科穀物は、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）の前駆物質のグルタミン酸を多く含んでおり、本発明では、イネ科穀物を原料とすることによって、高ギャバ飼料調製に必要とされているグルタミン酸の添加を不要にしたものである。
なお、例えば、玄米やダイズ種子などの植物中に存在する酵素を利用してギャバを蓄積させようとすると、植物酵素は熱に弱く不安定であるので、材料の履歴によっては、しばしば必要とする濃度に達しないことがある。この方法での玄米中のギャバ蓄積量は、通常、２５ｍｇ／１００ｇ（乾物重）程度が限界であった。また、乳酸菌を増殖させるために、原料に水分を大量に加えると、飼料の重量が増大して、豚舎で扱いにくいという問題があった。
Gramineous grains contain a large amount of glutamic acid, a precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present invention, glutamic acid is required for the preparation of high gabba feed by using gramineous grains as a raw material. Is unnecessary.
In addition, for example, when trying to accumulate GABA using enzymes present in plants such as brown rice and soybean seeds, plant enzymes are weak to heat and unstable, so depending on the history of the material, it is often necessary Concentration may not be reached. The amount of GABA accumulation in brown rice by this method is usually limited to about 25 mg / 100 g (dry matter weight). In addition, when a large amount of water is added to the raw material for growing lactic acid bacteria, there is a problem that the weight of the feed increases and it is difficult to handle in the pig house.
本発明では、数ある乳酸菌の中でも、水分含量が低い穀物粉の中でもよく増殖し、しかも高濃度でギャバを蓄積する能力がある乳酸菌である、ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を用いることによって、高ギャバ含有飼料の安定生産に成功したものである。ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株にこのような能力があることは、本発明者らによって初めて解明されたものである。 In the present invention, Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P), which is a lactic acid bacterium that grows well in cereal flour with a low water content among many lactic acid bacteria and has the ability to accumulate GABA at a high concentration. -18931) has succeeded in stable production of high-yield feed. The ability of the Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain to have such ability was first elucidated by the present inventors.
まず、このイネ科穀物の種子、そのうちコメの場合を例にとると、例えば玄米を粉砕する。一般に、イネ科穀物の種子の胚芽部分と、穀粒表層部分（例えば、糠や麩など）に、γ-アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）の前駆物質のグルタミン酸が高濃度に含まれていることから、少なくともこの部分が含まれるようにする。
粉砕は、例えば遠心式粉砕器などを用いて行うことができる。
粉砕の程度は、特に限定されないが、通常、直径が１mm〜５mm程度となるように粉砕すればよい。
First, for example, the rice of this Gramineae grain, of which rice is used, for example, brown rice is crushed. Generally, glutamic acid, which is a precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is contained in a high concentration in the germ part of the grain seed and the surface part of the grain (for example, cocoons and cocoons). At least this part should be included.
The pulverization can be performed using, for example, a centrifugal pulverizer.
Although the degree of pulverization is not particularly limited, the pulverization is usually performed so that the diameter is about 1 mm to 5 mm.
次いで、上記のようにイネ科穀物の種子を粉砕したものに水を加えて、その水分率を２０％を超え、４０％以下に、好ましくは２５〜３５％、特に好ましくは３０％前後に調整する。ここで、水分率が４０％を超えたものであると、最終的に得られる飼料の重量が増大して、取り扱いにくくなってしまう。一方、水分率が２０％以下であると、飼料中のγ−アミノ酪酸の含有量が少なくなってしまうため、好ましくない。 Next, water is added to the grinded gramineous seeds as described above, and the water content is adjusted to more than 20%, 40% or less, preferably 25 to 35%, particularly preferably around 30%. To do. Here, if the moisture content exceeds 40%, the weight of the finally obtained feed increases and it becomes difficult to handle. On the other hand, a moisture content of 20% or less is not preferable because the content of γ-aminobutyric acid in the feed is reduced.
さらに、これに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株を接種する。
この乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株は、独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センターに平成１４年７月９日に寄託されており、その受託番号は、ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１である。
乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）は、乳酸発酵能が高い乳酸菌として知られたものであるが、γ−アミノ酪酸生産能力があることは、これまで知られていない。
本発明者は、この乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）が、水分含量が低い穀物粉の中でもよく増殖し、しかも高濃度でγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）を蓄積する能力があることを突き止め、これを用いて高ギャバ飼料の安定生産に成功したものである。
Furthermore, this is inoculated with lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis strain RO50.
This Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain was deposited on July 9, 2002 at the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, and its deposit number is FERM P-18931 is there.
The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931) is known as a lactic acid bacterium having a high lactic acid fermentation ability, but it has been known that it has the ability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid. Absent.
The present inventor has found that the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931) grows well in cereal flour having a low water content, and also has a high concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It has been found that it has the ability to accumulate sucrose, and has succeeded in stable production of high gabba feed using this.
上記乳酸菌の接種は、通常、粉砕されたイネ科穀物の種子（水分率１５％換算）１ｋｇに対して、対数増殖期（菌数105〜108/ml）の培養液０．１〜１．０ｍｌ程度で充分であるが、これに限定されるものではない。 Inoculation with the lactic acid bacteria is usually performed in a logarithmic growth phase (bacterial number 10 5 to 10 8 / ml) of a culture solution 0.1 to 1 per 1 kg of crushed gramineous grain seeds (converted to a moisture content of 15%) Although about 0.0 ml is sufficient, it is not limited to this.
乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種後、発酵させる。
発酵させるにあたっては、脱気密封状態で発酵させることが好ましい。
具体的には、例えばポリエチレン袋などの酸素不透過性の容器に入れ、これを脱気して真空密封することが好ましい。
このように脱気密封状態で発酵させることにより、腐敗させることなく、高ギャバ飼料を得ることができる。
Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931) is inoculated and fermented.
In fermenting, it is preferable to ferment in a degassed and sealed state.
Specifically, it is preferable to put in an oxygen-impermeable container such as a polyethylene bag, and deaerate and vacuum-seal it.
Thus, by fermenting in a degassed and sealed state, a high gabba feed can be obtained without being spoiled.
このようにイネ科穀物の種子を粉砕したものに水を加えてその水分率を２０％を超え、４０％以下に調整し、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵（好ましくは脱気密封状態で発酵）させてなるものが、目的とするγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料である。
即ち、目的とするγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、イネ科穀物の種子を粉砕し、次いで水を加えてその水分率を２０％を超え、４０％以下に調整した後、さらにこれに乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を接種し、発酵させることにより得られる。
乳酸菌は嫌気発酵であるので、発酵過程でカロリーはほとんど消費せず、例えば発酵終了後の玄米の栄養成分は原料とほとんど違いがない。玄米は、飼料中のコーンとほぼ全量まで置き換え可能であることが確認されていることから、このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、家畜や家禽などの飼料として充分な栄養素を含んでいる。
このγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料には、必要に応じて、市販の飼料を混合することもできる。
さらには、このγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料を、市販の飼料に添加する、飼料添加剤の形で用いることも可能である。例えば、子豚の飼料中に所定量添加することにより、子豚のストレスを低減させることができる。
In this way, water is added to the pulverized gramineous seeds to adjust the water content to over 20% and below 40%, and to this, the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P -18931) is inoculated and fermented (preferably fermented in a degassed and sealed state) is the target γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed.
That is, the target γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed is obtained by pulverizing the seeds of gramineous grains and then adding water to adjust the water content to more than 20% and 40% or less. -It is obtained by inoculating Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931) and fermenting it.
Since lactic acid bacteria are anaerobic fermentation, almost no calories are consumed during the fermentation process. For example, the nutrient components of brown rice after the fermentation are almost the same as the raw materials. Since it has been confirmed that brown rice can be replaced by almost the whole amount of corn in the feed, the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed obtained in this way has sufficient nutrients for feed such as livestock and poultry. Contains.
A commercially available feed can be mixed with the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed as necessary.
Furthermore, this γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed can be used in the form of a feed additive that is added to a commercially available feed. For example, the stress of the piglet can be reduced by adding a predetermined amount to the feed of the piglet.
発酵条件としては、温度１５〜４５℃にて、１０〜６０日間、好ましくは温度２５〜３５℃にて、１５〜３０日間発酵させる。 As fermentation conditions, it is fermented at a temperature of 15 to 45 ° C. for 10 to 60 days, preferably at a temperature of 25 to 35 ° C. for 15 to 30 days.
このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、γ−アミノ酪酸を１００ｍｇ／１００ｇ（乾物重＝ＤＷ）程度以上と高含量蓄積したものである。
本発明によれば、グルタミン酸を添加することなく、このようにγ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含む飼料を作成することができるが、より一層γ-アミノ酪酸を高含量含むようにするため、必要に応じて、培地にグルタミン酸を添加することもできる。
なお、γ−アミノ酪酸含量の測定は、次のようにして行うことができる。
即ち、飼料１．０ｇ（含水）を８％(ｗ／ｖ)トリクロロ酢酸水溶液５．０ｍｌで抽出、アミノ酸アナライザー（L-8500、日立製）で生体液プログラムを用いて定量することができる。
The γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed thus obtained is a high-accumulated accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid of about 100 mg / 100 g (dry weight = DW) or more.
According to the present invention, a feed containing a high content of γ-aminobutyric acid can be prepared in this way without adding glutamic acid. Accordingly, glutamic acid can be added to the medium.
The measurement of γ-aminobutyric acid content can be performed as follows.
That is, 1.0 g of feed (containing water) can be extracted with 5.0 ml of 8% (w / v) trichloroacetic acid aqueous solution and quantified using an amino acid analyzer (L-8500, manufactured by Hitachi) using a biological fluid program.
このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、これを家畜に給与することにより、乳酸菌の効果で整腸作用が期待されるだけでなく、多量に蓄積するギャバによって、家畜、特に豚（子豚や肥育豚など）のストレスを低減させる。
また、このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、乳酸発酵されていることから、家畜、特に豚（子豚や肥育豚など）にとって、飼料に対する嗜好性が向上したものとなっている。このような乳酸発酵による嗜好性の向上効果は、本発明により初めて確認されたものである。
従って、本発明のγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料は、豚、牛、羊、山羊、馬、鶏などの家畜、特に豚（とりわけ子豚や肥育豚など）の飼育に有効に利用される。
The feed containing γ-aminobutyric acid thus obtained is not only expected to have an intestinal regulating action due to the effect of lactic acid bacteria by feeding it to livestock, but also due to the accumulation of a large amount, Reduce stress in piglets and fattening pigs.
In addition, since the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed thus obtained is lactic acid fermented, it has improved palatability for feed for livestock, particularly pigs (eg, piglets and fattening pigs). Yes. Such an effect of improving palatability by lactic acid fermentation has been confirmed for the first time by the present invention.
Therefore, the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed of the present invention is effectively used for breeding livestock such as pigs, cows, sheep, goats, horses and chickens, particularly pigs (particularly piglets and fattening pigs).
本発明は、このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料を用いて家畜を飼育することを特徴とする、家畜の飼育方法をも提供するものである。
家畜の飼育方法としては、このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料を用いること以外は、それぞれの家畜にとって通常行われている飼育方法に従って行えばよい。
また、特に子豚の群編成のようなストレスのかかる条件の前には、このようにして得られたγ−アミノ酪酸含有飼料を予め給与しておくことが望ましい。
The present invention also provides a domestic animal breeding method characterized by breeding livestock using the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed thus obtained.
As a domestic animal breeding method, except for using the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed thus obtained, it may be carried out in accordance with a breeding method usually performed for each domestic animal.
Moreover, it is desirable to feed the γ-aminobutyric acid-containing feed thus obtained in advance before a stressful condition such as group formation of piglets.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を説明するが、本発明の範囲はこれらにより限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these.
＜実施例１；各種乳酸菌を使用した飼料の調製＞
各種乳酸菌を用い、以下に示すようにして、４種の飼料（本発明区、比較対照区１、比較対照区２、比較対照区３）を調製し、所定期間保存後のγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）含量を測定した。結果を表１及び図１に示す。
<Example 1; Preparation of feed using various lactic acid bacteria>
Using various lactic acid bacteria, as shown below, four types of feed (invention group,
なお、本発明区では、乳酸菌としては、ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を用いた。
次に、比較対照区１では、乳酸菌を使用しなかった。
また、比較対照区２では、乳酸菌としては、ペディオコッカス・アシィディラクティシィ（Pediococcus acidilactici）ＣＡ２５株を用いた。
さらに、比較対照区３では、乳酸菌としては、エンテロコッカス・フェシウム（Enterococcus faecium）It６２株を用いた。
In the present invention group, Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931) was used as the lactic acid bacterium.
Next, in
In Comparative Control Group 2, Pediococcus acidilactici CA25 strain was used as the lactic acid bacterium.
Further, in Comparative Control Group 3, Enterococcus faecium It62 strain was used as the lactic acid bacterium.
１）茨城県つくばみらい市で栽培したモミロマン（飼料用米品種）玄米を、１．５ｍｍメッシュのふるいをつけた遠心式粉砕器（puluerisette 14、FRITSCH社）で粉砕して、米粉を得た。
２）一方、乳酸菌を、ＧＡＭ寒天培地（日水製薬株式会社製）の平板に広げ、３０℃で２４〜４８時間培養した。得られたコロニーを、変法ＧＡＭブイヨン（日水製薬株式会社製）液体培地に移し、３０℃で２４〜４８時間静置培養して、乳酸菌培養液を得た。
３）前記１）で得られた米粉を水分率３０％に調湿後、この米粉１ｋｇ（水分率１５％換算）に対して、前記２）で得られた乳酸菌培養液（対数増殖期（菌数105〜108/ml）の培養液）を１．０ｍｌ加え、混合した。これを０．１ｍｍ厚のポリエチレン袋に入れ、真空密封し、飼料とした。その後、３０℃の恒温機に所定期間保存した。
４）所定期間保存（１、３、５、１０、１７、２４、３２日間保存）後のγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）含量を測定した。
なお、ＧＡＢＡ含量は、次のようにして測定した。
飼料１．０ｇ（含水）を８％(ｗ／ｖ)トリクロロ酢酸水溶液５．０ｍｌで抽出、アミノ酸アナライザー（L-8500、日立製）で生体液プログラムを用いて定量した。
1) Rice flour was obtained by crushing brown rice (forage rice variety) brown rice cultivated in Tsukuba Mirai City, Ibaraki Prefecture with a centrifugal grinder (
2) On the other hand, lactic acid bacteria were spread on a flat plate of GAM agar medium (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and cultured at 30 ° C. for 24 to 48 hours. The obtained colonies were transferred to a modified GAM bouillon (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) liquid medium and left to stand for 24 to 48 hours at 30 ° C. to obtain a lactic acid bacteria culture solution.
3) After conditioning the rice flour obtained in 1) above to a moisture content of 30%, 1 kg of this rice flour (converted to a moisture content of 15%) was used for the lactic acid bacteria culture solution (logarithmic growth phase (fungus) 1.0 ml of the culture solution of several 10 5 to 10 8 / ml) was added and mixed. This was put into a polyethylene bag having a thickness of 0.1 mm, vacuum-sealed, and used as feed. Then, it preserve | saved for the predetermined period in a 30 degreeC thermostat.
4) The content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after storage for a predetermined period (storage for 1, 3, 5, 10, 17, 24, 32 days) was measured.
The GABA content was measured as follows.
1.0 g of feed (containing water) was extracted with 5.0 ml of an 8% (w / v) aqueous trichloroacetic acid solution, and quantified with an amino acid analyzer (L-8500, manufactured by Hitachi) using a biological fluid program.
表１及び図１からは、次のことが明らかである。
即ち、実施例１によれば、乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を用いることによって、比較例１〜３に比し、ＧＡＢＡ含量を著しく増強させることができることが分かる。
From Table 1 and FIG. 1, the following is clear.
That is, according to Example 1, GABA content can be remarkably enhanced as compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3 by using lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931). I understand.
＜実施例２；米粉の水分率＞
実施例１（本発明区）において、米粉の水分率を２０％、３０％、４０％としたこと以外は、実施例１（本発明区）と同様にして飼料を調製し、所定期間保存後のγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）含量を測定した。結果を図２に示す。
なお、米粉の水分率は、１０５℃で２４時間乾燥後、重量測定によって求めた。
<Example 2; moisture content of rice flour>
In Example 1 (Invention), the feed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (Invention) except that the moisture content of rice flour was 20%, 30%, and 40%. The content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured. The results are shown in FIG.
The moisture content of the rice flour was determined by weight measurement after drying at 105 ° C. for 24 hours.
図２によれば、米粉の水分率は４０％のものと３０％のものとで、所定期間保存後のγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）含量について特に差異は認められず、保存日数が１１日を超えてからは、いずれも１００ｍｇ／１００ｇ・乾燥重を超える高い数値を示していた。
従って、米粉の水分率は、４０％以下、特に３０％でも充分であることが分かった。
According to FIG. 2, the moisture content of rice flour is 40% and 30%, and no particular difference is observed in the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after storage for a predetermined period, and the storage days are 11 After exceeding the day, all showed high numerical values exceeding 100 mg / 100 g · dry weight.
Therefore, it was found that the moisture content of rice flour is 40% or less, particularly 30% is sufficient.
＜実施例３；各種乳酸菌を使用した飼料のｐＨの変動＞
実施例１において調製された４種の飼料（本発明区、比較対照区１、比較対照区２、比較対照区３）について、ｐＨの変化を調べた。結果を図３に示す。
なお、ｐＨは、次のようにして測定した。
調製された飼料１５ｇ（水分率０％換算）に対して、蒸留水１４０ｍｌを加え、４℃で一夜保管後、ポリエチレン袋に入れミキサー（BAGMIXER 400、interscience社製）で６０秒撹拌、濾紙（No.6、ADVANTEC製）で濾過、濾液のｐＨを測定した。
<Example 3; Variation in pH of feed using various lactic acid bacteria>
Changes in pH were examined for the four types of feeds prepared in Example 1 (invention group,
The pH was measured as follows.
To 15 g of the prepared feed (converted to 0% moisture content), add 140 ml of distilled water, store overnight at 4 ° C., place in a polyethylene bag, stir for 60 seconds with a mixer (BAGMIXER 400, manufactured by interscience), filter paper (No .6, manufactured by ADVANTEC), and the pH of the filtrate was measured.
図３からは、次のことが明らかである。
即ち、乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）ＲＯ５０株（ＦＥＲＭ Ｐ−１８９３１）を用いた本発明区によれば、乳酸菌ペディオコッカス・アシィディラクティシィ（Pediococcus acidilactici）ＣＡ２５株を用いた比較対照区２や、乳酸菌としてエンテロコッカス・フェシウム（Enterococcus faecium）It６２株を用いた比較対照区３のように、保管中にｐＨが４前後まで低下することがなく、特に保管日数が２４日を超えたときには、乳酸菌なしの比較対照区１と同程度のｐＨ４．８前後を維持していることが分かる。
From FIG. 3, the following is clear.
That is, according to the present invention using the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis RO50 strain (FERM P-18931), the comparative control using the lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici CA25 strain The pH does not drop to around 4 during storage, as in Section 2 and Comparative Control 3 using Enterococcus faecium It62 strain as lactic acid bacteria, especially when the storage days exceed 24 days It can be seen that the pH of about 4.8 is maintained at the same level as the
＜実施例４；米粉の水分率とｐＨの変動＞
実施例１（本発明区）において、米粉の水分率を２０％、３０％、４０％としたこと以外は、実施例１（本発明区）と同様にして飼料を調製し、ｐＨの変化を調べた。結果を図４に示す。
なお、ｐＨは、実施例３に示した方法によって測定した。
<Example 4: Moisture content and pH change of rice flour>
In Example 1 (invention zone), except that the moisture content of rice flour was 20%, 30%, and 40%, a feed was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 (invention zone), and the change in pH was adjusted. Examined. The results are shown in FIG.
The pH was measured by the method shown in Example 3.
図４からは、米粉の水分率が２０％のものを用いた場合に最もｐＨが高いことが分かるが、米粉の水分率が３０％と４０％とでは特に差異は認められなかった。 From FIG. 4, it can be seen that the pH is highest when the moisture content of rice flour is 20%, but no particular difference was observed between the moisture content of rice flour of 30% and 40%.
＜実施例５；子豚嗜好性について＞
離乳後一週間、市販子豚用飼料を与えて固形飼料になれさせた大ヨークシャー種の子豚に、実施例１で調製された本発明区の飼料を自由採食させて嗜好性を調べたところ、喜んで食べるのが目視にて確認された。子豚は、食べないときは、全く口をつけないことがあることはよく知られたことである。
<Example 5: Piglet preference>
One week after weaning, the feed of the present invention prepared in Example 1 was freely fed to a large Yorkshire piglet fed a commercial piglet feed and allowed to become a solid feed, and the palatability was examined. However, it was confirmed visually that he was glad to eat. It is well known that piglets sometimes don't speak at all when they don't eat.
＜参考例；各種乳酸菌を使用した飼料の調製とＧＡＢＡ含量等の測定＞
実施例１において、表２に示す各種乳酸菌を用いて飼料を製造し、室温にて１週間、脱気保管したこと以外は、実施例１と同様にしてγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）含量を測定した。合わせて、遊離アミノ酸の量とｐＨを測定した。結果を表２に示す。
<Reference Example: Preparation of feed using various lactic acid bacteria and measurement of GABA content, etc.>
In Example 1, a feed was produced using various lactic acid bacteria shown in Table 2, and the content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was the same as in Example 1 except that the feed was produced and stored at room temperature for one week. Was measured. Together, the amount of free amino acid and pH were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
表２によれば、以下のことが分かる。
即ち、本例では、発酵に要した時間は一週間、温度も室温であったので、全体にγ−アミノ酪酸（ＧＡＢＡ；ギャバ）の蓄積量は低いように見れるかもしれないが、ＲＯ５０株を用いた本発明区によれば、他の乳酸菌を用いたものに比べて、顕著にギャバが蓄積されていることが分かる。
この実験条件の時、「無」とした乳酸菌無添加区において、ＲＯ５０株以外の乳酸菌を添加した区より多くのギャバが蓄積しているのは、一部の乳酸菌を除き、ほとんどの乳酸菌は、植物が自然に作るギャバをむしろ分解する方角に代謝を進めるためである。
つまり、本発明によれば、ＲＯ５０株が、乳酸菌ラクトコッカス・ラクティス（Lactococcus lactis）の中でもギャバを多く蓄積する傾向のある乳酸菌であるというだけでなく、イネ科植物に作用させることによって、ギャバを高濃度で蓄積できることが明らかとなった。
According to Table 2, the following can be understood.
That is, in this example, since the time required for fermentation was one week and the temperature was also room temperature, the accumulated amount of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) may seem to be low as a whole. According to the present invention section used, it can be seen that the GABA is remarkably accumulated as compared with those using other lactic acid bacteria.
Under these experimental conditions, in the lactic acid bacteria non-added group, which was “no”, more GABA was accumulated than the group to which lactic acid bacteria other than the RO50 strain were added, except for some lactic acid bacteria, This is to promote metabolism in the direction of breaking down the GABA naturally produced by plants.
That is, according to the present invention, the RO50 strain is not only a lactic acid bacterium that tends to accumulate a large amount of lactic acid bacteria among the lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis. It became clear that it could accumulate at high concentration.
本発明は、畜産業界において、特に養豚産業において広く利用することが期待される。
また、既に子豚での給与実験（２０日〜４０日）を５回以上行い、安全であることを確認しているが、将来的には人間の食品としても応用が可能であると期待される。
The present invention is expected to be widely used in the livestock industry, particularly in the pig farming industry.
In addition, feeding experiments with piglets (20-40 days) have already been conducted five times or more, and it has been confirmed that it is safe, but in the future it is expected to be applicable as a human food. The
Claims (8)
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| JP2010067464A JP2011193858A (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2010-03-24 | γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-CONTAINING FEED, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR RAISING LIVESTOCK USING THE FEED |
| PCT/JP2010/071446 WO2011118088A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2010-12-01 | Feed containing γ-aminobutyric acid, process for production of same, and method for farming of livestock animals using same |
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| JP2010067464A JP2011193858A (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2010-03-24 | γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-CONTAINING FEED, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR RAISING LIVESTOCK USING THE FEED |
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| JP2016101119A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | ヤンマー株式会社 | Feed production method |
| JP6272536B1 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2018-01-31 | 日設工業株式会社 | Feed additives for old livestock and feed for old livestock |
| JP2019118303A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-22 | 雪印種苗株式会社 | Lactobacillus preparation for silage preparation |
| JP7403096B2 (en) | 2020-02-06 | 2023-12-22 | 宮崎県 | Method for producing feed containing high GABA and ornithine content |
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| CN103320351B (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2014-12-17 | 沈阳药科大学 | Lactococcus garvieae and biological feed-additive prepared therefrom |
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