JP2011185703A - Method for measuring groundwater flow direction and flow speed, and apparatus for the same - Google Patents

Method for measuring groundwater flow direction and flow speed, and apparatus for the same Download PDF

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JP2011185703A
JP2011185703A JP2010050441A JP2010050441A JP2011185703A JP 2011185703 A JP2011185703 A JP 2011185703A JP 2010050441 A JP2010050441 A JP 2010050441A JP 2010050441 A JP2010050441 A JP 2010050441A JP 2011185703 A JP2011185703 A JP 2011185703A
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groundwater
paper sheet
measuring device
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rod
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JP5471624B2 (en
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Koichi Yamamoto
浩一 山本
Toshio Noda
敏雄 野田
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Yamaguchi University NUC
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simplify the constitution of a measurement apparatus and to eliminate the need for a working power supply of the measurement apparatus, when a flow direction and a flow speed of groundwater are to be measured inside an observation well drilled in the ground. <P>SOLUTION: In a paper sheet P2 with a hole at the center, a plurality of dot patterns d are formed by a water-soluble ink so as to provide an orientation alignment mark, and a printed surface of the P2 is covered with a paper sheet P1, which has the same shape as the P2 and does not have the printed dot pattern. A pair of holding plates are formed with a hole at the center gripped by a water-permeable sponge formed with a hole in the center, and grip both sides. A support rod 4 is penetrated through the hole formed in the entire center, and is integrally held to form a measurement apparatus body 1. The measurement apparatus body is held, in a state where it is attached to a lower end of a rod member, and disposed in the groundwater observation well. The orientation alignment is implemented. The measurement is implemented for a predetermined time. After the predetermined time, the paper sheet is extracted and retrieved. The groundwater flow direction and flow speed are obtained from the length and the direction of a tailing d' which is associated with and generated by the dot pattern d in the P2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、地下水流向流速を測定する方法及びそのための装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for measuring a groundwater flow direction flow velocity and an apparatus therefor.

土地利用、建設工事に関わる地盤、立地条件調査、地盤環境保全等の面から、地盤の透水係数のほかに地下水の流向流速を測定することが求められる。地下水の流向、流速を測定するためには、通常地面に垂直方向の孔を掘削し、流向流速測定装置を孔内に降下させて測定を行う手法が用いられ、単孔式の地下水流測定と称される。このような単孔式の地下水流測定方法として、以下の特許文献に記載されるようなものがある。   From the viewpoint of land use, ground related to construction work, site condition survey, ground environment conservation, etc., it is required to measure the groundwater flow velocity in addition to the soil permeability coefficient. In order to measure the flow direction and flow velocity of groundwater, a method is usually used in which a hole in the direction perpendicular to the ground is excavated and the flow direction flow velocity measuring device is lowered into the hole, and measurement is performed. Called. As such a single-hole type groundwater flow measuring method, there are methods described in the following patent documents.

特許文献1はトレーサ粒子法によるものであり、トレーサ粒子を計測空間内に流入させる手段、浮遊物の三次元位置の検出手段、伝送手段等を含む大がかりな構成を有するものである。特許文献2は地下水内での被撮像物の揺動状態を撮影するものであり、浮子体と傾斜測定体、係止部を含む被撮像物について微妙な調整が必要なことと、撮影装置等を含む構成として大がかりなものになる。   Patent Document 1 is based on the tracer particle method, and has a large-scale configuration including means for causing the tracer particles to flow into the measurement space, means for detecting the three-dimensional position of the suspended matter, transmission means, and the like. Patent Document 2 captures the swinging state of an object to be imaged in groundwater, and requires that fine adjustment is required for the object to be imaged including a floating body, an inclination measuring body, and a locking portion, an imaging device, and the like. As a configuration including

特許文献3に記載される地下水の流向流速測定装置は円柱形プローブ内において円柱形発熱体の周囲に多孔質層を配置し、多孔質層における温度分布を検出する温度検出器を同心円状に配列するという構成のものであり、装置構成はかなり大がかりになる。また、特許文献4に記載されるものは、はボーリング孔内に視差光学系を備えたCCDカメラを用いて地下水流の流向、流速の三次元的な測定を行うものであり、特許文献5に記載されるものも耐圧容器内に収納されたCCDカメラにより得られた画像について画像処理を行い流向、流速を求めるものであって、撮像装置とその支持構造、画像処理装置を含めた構成は大がかりなものになる。   In the groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device described in Patent Document 3, a porous layer is arranged around a cylindrical heating element in a cylindrical probe, and temperature detectors for detecting a temperature distribution in the porous layer are arranged concentrically. The device configuration is considerably large. Moreover, what is described in Patent Document 4 is to perform three-dimensional measurement of the flow direction and flow velocity of groundwater flow using a CCD camera equipped with a parallax optical system in the borehole. What is described is also to obtain the flow direction and flow velocity by performing image processing on an image obtained by a CCD camera housed in a pressure vessel, and the configuration including the imaging device, its support structure, and image processing device is large. It will be something.

また、特許文献1〜5等に見られる地下水流向流速の測定はいずれも、測定装置の動作のために電源を備えることが不可欠であり、例えば、山岳部、遠隔地、発展途上国等で電源を得難い箇所においては、測定装置を動作させて測定を行うことができないものである。   In addition, it is indispensable to provide a power source for the operation of the measuring device in any of the measurements of the groundwater flow direction flow velocity found in Patent Documents 1 to 5, for example, power sources in mountainous areas, remote areas, developing countries, etc. In places where it is difficult to obtain, measurement cannot be performed by operating the measuring device.

特開2007−256026号公報JP 2007-256026 A 特開2005−345180号公報JP-A-2005-345180 特開平11−326359号公報JP 11-326359 A 特開2002−257943号公報JP 2002-257934 A 特開平9−196958号公報JP-A-9-196958

従来の地下水流向流速の測定において、ヒーターやビデオカメラを用いるものでは、これらの装置を駆動、動作させるために電源を必要とし、装置としても高価なものになる。トレーサ方式によるものは、地下水流の動向をかなりの精度で測定することができ、現在多く用いられているが、水流の動きが非常に遅く水が自由に動き得る状態の場合に、トレーサを水中に注入することによっても、水が不安定に移動するため、高精度の地下水流の測定になり難い問題があるとともに、この手法でも電源を必要とするものであった。このような現状から、測定装置として簡易であるとともに安価であり、基本的動作として電源を使用することを必要としない形態で地下水流向流速を測定することが求められていた。   In the conventional measurement of the flow velocity in the direction of groundwater flow, a heater or a video camera requires a power source to drive and operate these devices, which makes the device expensive. The tracer method can measure the trend of groundwater flow with considerable accuracy and is currently widely used.However, when the water flow is very slow and the water can move freely, Injecting water into the water also causes problems that make it difficult to measure groundwater flow with high accuracy because the water moves unstable, and this method also requires a power source. Under such circumstances, it has been demanded to measure the groundwater flow direction flow velocity in a form that is simple and inexpensive as a measuring device and does not require the use of a power source as a basic operation.

本発明は、前述した課題を解決すべくなしたものであり、本発明による地下水流向流速を測定する方法は、水溶性のインクで多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートを両側から透水性スポンジで把持した状態で保持する測定装置本体について方位合わせ及び地下水観測井中への降下を行って地下水観測井中に所定時間保持することと、所定時間経過後に前記測定装置本体から前記ペーパーシートを取り外し回収することと、回収された前記ペーパーシートに印刷されていた点状パターンに付随して生じたテイリングの長さ、向きを求めることと、求められた前記テイリングの長さ、向きから地下水流向流速を求めることと、からなるものである。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and the method of measuring the flow velocity in the direction of groundwater according to the present invention prints in a state in which a large number of dot patterns are distributed and arranged with water-soluble ink. The orientation of the measuring device body that holds the paper sheet of a predetermined shape provided with a mark for use in a state of being gripped by a water-permeable sponge from both sides, and descending into the groundwater observation well, and holding it in the groundwater observation well for a predetermined time; Removing and collecting the paper sheet from the measuring apparatus main body after a predetermined time has elapsed, and determining the length and orientation of tailing generated accompanying the dotted pattern printed on the collected paper sheet; And determining the groundwater flow direction flow velocity from the determined length and direction of the tailing.

前記所定形状のペーパーシートの多数の点状パターンが印刷された面を覆うように同形同大で多数の点状パターンを印刷していない他のペーパーシートを重ねた状態で両側から前記透水性スポンジで把持するようにしてもよい。   The water permeability from both sides in a state where other paper sheets having the same shape and the same size and not printed with a large number of dot-like patterns are stacked so as to cover the surface on which a large number of dot-like patterns of the paper sheet of the predetermined shape are printed. You may make it hold | grip with sponge.

また、本発明による地下水流向流速測定装置は、水溶性のインクで多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートの両面を透水性スポンジで把持したものを一対の保持板で両側から把持しその全体を一体的に保持してなる測定装置本体と、前記測定装置本体を棒状部材の下方の端部側に取り付けて地下水観測井内に配置した状態で前記棒状部材の地表面より上方にある上方の端部側を保持して地表面に設置した台部に固定するとともに前記測定装置本体を取り付けた棒状部材が地下水観測井に対して回動調節可能であって前記測定装置本体の方位合わせを行えるようにした測定装置本体保持固定手段と、を備えてなり、前記測定装置本体を地下水観測井中に所定時間保持した後に前記測定装置本体から取り外し回収されたペーパーシートに印刷されていた点状パターンに付随して生じたテイリングの長さ、向きから地下水流向流速を求めるようにしたものである。   In addition, the groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device according to the present invention prints water-soluble ink in a state in which a large number of dot-like patterns are distributed and arranged on both sides of a paper sheet having a predetermined shape provided with orientation marks using a water-permeable sponge. A measuring device main body in which the gripped object is gripped from both sides with a pair of holding plates and the whole is integrally held, and the measuring device main body is attached to the lower end side of the rod-shaped member and arranged in the groundwater observation well. The rod-shaped member attached to the measuring device main body and rotating with respect to the groundwater observation well while holding the upper end side above the ground surface of the rod-shaped member in a state and fixing it to the pedestal installed on the ground surface A measuring device main body holding and fixing means that can be adjusted and can adjust the orientation of the measuring device main body, and holds the measuring device main body in a groundwater observation well for a predetermined time. After the measuring device main body from the tailing caused in association with a point-like pattern is printed on a paper sheet which is detached recovered length is obtained by the seek the groundwater flow direction the flow rate from the orientation.

前記測定装置本体において、前記多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートと、それを両面から把持する透水性スポンジと、それらを両側から把持する一対の保持板とのそれぞれにわたって中心に同形同大の穴が形成されており、前記ペーパーシート、透水性スポンジ、保持板がそれらに設けられた穴に断面が同形同大の支持棒を貫通させ一体的に保持されるようにしてもよい。   In the measuring apparatus main body, a paper sheet having a predetermined shape which is printed in a state in which a large number of dot patterns are distributed and arranged, and a water-permeable sponge which grips the paper sheet from both sides, and those from both sides. A hole of the same shape and size is formed in the center across each of the pair of holding plates to be gripped, and the paper sheet, the water-permeable sponge, and the holding plate are supported in the same shape and size in the holes provided in them. The rod may be penetrated and held integrally.

前記測定装置本体において、前記所定形状のペーパーシートの点状パターンが印刷された面を覆うように同形同大で点状パターンを印刷していない他のペーパーシートを重ねた状態で両側から前記透水性スポンジで把持しているものとしてもよい。   In the measuring apparatus main body, the paper sheet of the predetermined shape is overlapped with other paper sheets that are not printed with a dot pattern in the same shape and size so as to cover the surface on which the dot pattern is printed. It is good also as what is hold | gripped with the water-permeable sponge.

前記測定装置本体を取り付けた棒状部材の地表面より上方にある上方の端部側を保持し固定する、地下水観測井に対して回動調節可能に設置された台部の上面に方位磁石を付設するとともに方位合わせ用の標識を設け、前記測定装置本体を前記棒状部材の下方の端部側に取り付ける際に前記棒状部材の上端面に設けられた方位合わせ用の標識と前記ペーパーシートに設けられた方位合わせ用マークとの方向を合わせておき、前記棒状部材を保持し固定する台部を地面に垂直な軸中心に回動させてペーパーシートの方位合わせ用マークがN方向を向くように調整できるようにしてもよい。   An orientation magnet is attached to the upper surface of the base that is installed so as to be rotatable and adjustable with respect to the groundwater observation well, which holds and fixes the upper end side above the ground surface of the rod-like member attached with the measuring device main body. In addition, an orientation mark is provided, and the orientation mark provided on the upper end surface of the rod-shaped member and the paper sheet are provided when the measuring device main body is attached to the lower end side of the rod-shaped member. Adjust the direction so that the orientation mark on the paper sheet faces the N direction by aligning the direction with the orientation mark and rotating the base that holds and fixes the rod-shaped member about the axis perpendicular to the ground. You may be able to do it.

本発明による地下水流向流速の測定においては、基本的に水溶性インキ等で所定のパターンを印刷した所定形状のペーパーシートを支持体に挟持した状態で地面に垂直に掘削された地下水観測井内に配置し、地下水流による印刷されたパターン形状の変化を読み取ることにより地下水流向流速を測定するものであり、測定装置の構成としては簡易なものとなり、また、地下水観測井での測定においては電源を必要としないものである。このことから、山岳部、遠隔地、発展途上国等で電源を得難い箇所においても測定が可能になる。   In the measurement of the groundwater flow direction flow velocity according to the present invention, it is basically arranged in a groundwater observation well excavated perpendicularly to the ground in a state where a paper sheet of a predetermined shape printed with a predetermined pattern with water-soluble ink is sandwiched between supports. In addition, it measures the flow velocity in the direction of the groundwater by reading the change in the printed pattern shape due to the groundwater flow, which makes the configuration of the measuring device simple and requires a power source for measurement at the groundwater observation well. And not. This makes it possible to measure in places where it is difficult to obtain power in mountainous areas, remote areas, developing countries, and the like.

(a)は本発明による地下水流向流速を測定する状況を示す図であり、(b)は(a)のうち固定台の上部を斜視図で示した図であり、(c)は台部の部分を下方から見た状態を示す図であり、(d)はガイドを接着し付設した台部を中心軸を通る平面で切断した断面図である。(A) is a figure which shows the condition which measures the groundwater direction direction flow velocity by this invention, (b) is the figure which showed the upper part of the fixed base in (a) in the perspective view, (c) is a figure of a base part. It is a figure which shows the state which looked at the part from the downward direction, (d) is sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the base part which adhere | attached and attached the guide with the plane which passes along a central axis. 測定装置本体の外観を斜視図で示す図である。It is a figure which shows the external appearance of a measuring device main body with a perspective view. 図2のうちペーパーシートとこれを把持するスポンジの関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the paper sheet | seat of FIG. 2, and the sponge holding this. ペーパーシートを上方から見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the paper sheet from the upper part. 測定装置本体の方位合わせについて説明するため固定台の上方から見た状態を示す図であり、(a)は方位を合わせる前、(b)は方位を合わせた後の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state seen from the upper direction of a fixed base in order to demonstrate the orientation alignment of a measuring apparatus main body, (a) is a figure which shows the state after aligning an azimuth | direction, (b). 地下水流向流速の測定操作を行った後のペーパーシートを上方から見た図である。It is the figure which looked at the paper sheet after performing measurement operation of groundwater flow direction flow velocity from the upper part. 流速とテイリングの長さとの関係を求めるために行った室内実験の結果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the result of the laboratory experiment performed in order to obtain | require the relationship between a flow velocity and the length of tailing.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。本発明による地下水流向流速の測定は、基本的には染料インキまたは蛍光物質で所定のパターンを印刷した所定形状のペーパーシートを支持体に挟持した状態で地面に垂直に掘削された地下水観測井内に配置し、地下水流による印刷されたパターン形状の変化を読み取って地下水流向流速を測定するものである。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described. The groundwater flow direction velocity according to the present invention is basically measured in a groundwater observation well drilled perpendicular to the ground in a state where a paper sheet having a predetermined shape printed with a dye ink or a fluorescent material and having a predetermined pattern is sandwiched between supports. It is arranged to measure the flow velocity in the direction of groundwater flow by reading the change in the printed pattern shape due to the groundwater flow.

〔測定装置の構成〕
図1(a)は、本発明による地下水流向流速を測定する状況を示す図であり、図1に示すように、地面Eにおいて地表面に垂直に掘削された地下水観測井内に筒体10が設置されている。地下水観測井の深さは3〜10m程度である。筒体10は硬質プラスティック等により形成された円筒体であり、内径が70mm程度、観測対象深度付近の周面に一様に多数の小孔11が穿設されている。地下水はこの小孔11を通って筒体10内部を通過するように流れる。筒体10は断面が円形であり、長さは測定位置までに達し得るものとし、3〜10m程度である。
[Configuration of measuring device]
FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a situation in which the flow velocity of groundwater flow according to the present invention is measured. As shown in FIG. 1, a cylinder 10 is installed in a groundwater observation well excavated perpendicularly to the ground surface on the ground E. Has been. The depth of the groundwater observation well is about 3-10m. The cylinder 10 is a cylinder formed of a hard plastic or the like, and has an inner diameter of about 70 mm and a large number of small holes 11 that are uniformly formed on the peripheral surface near the observation target depth. The groundwater flows through the small hole 11 so as to pass through the inside of the cylindrical body 10. The cylinder 10 has a circular cross section, and its length can reach the measurement position, and is about 3 to 10 m.

1はペーパーシートを挟持して地下水観測井内に配置された状態にある測定装置本体であり、棒状部材12の先端側に取り付けられたジョイント等の連結部材13により連結され地下水観測井内に降下された位置で不動状態に保持される。固定保持具14は棒状部材12の地表より上側に出た部分において固定保持するものであるが、この固定保持の前に棒状部材12を地面に垂直方向の軸中心に回動調節できるようにするものである。固定保持具14は棒状部材12を挿通させ、高さ位置を調節可能になっており、棒状部材12の高さ位置を調節した上でロック部材14aによりその位置でロックできるようにしてある。固定保持具14は円筒体上部を覆う板状の固定台15に取り付けられている。   Reference numeral 1 denotes a measuring apparatus main body sandwiched between paper sheets and placed in the groundwater observation well, which is connected by a connecting member 13 such as a joint attached to the distal end side of the rod-like member 12 and lowered into the groundwater observation well. Held stationary at the position. The fixed holding tool 14 is fixed and held at a portion of the bar-shaped member 12 that protrudes above the ground surface. Before the fixed holding, the bar-shaped member 12 can be adjusted to rotate around an axis perpendicular to the ground. Is. The fixing holder 14 allows the rod-shaped member 12 to be inserted and the height position thereof can be adjusted, and the height position of the rod-shaped member 12 can be adjusted, and the lock member 14a can be locked at that position. The fixing holder 14 is attached to a plate-like fixing base 15 that covers the upper part of the cylindrical body.

図1(b)は固定台15の上部を斜視図で示したものであり、固定台15の上端面に方位磁石16が取り付けられており、また、矢印による方位合わせ用の標識17が記入等により設けられている。図1(c)は固定台15の部分を下方から見た図であるが,棒状部材12を地面に垂直方向の軸中心に回動調節できるようにするために固定台15の縦及び横の方向の幅は円筒体10の外周よりも大きな幅とする。かつ固定台15の下部に筒体10に対して中心軸を固定するための円盤状のガイド18を固定台15に接着させる。ガイドは多様な径の筒体に整合させることができるように,直径が大きなプラスティック円盤から直径が次第に小さくなるように複数の円盤を重ねて接着してあり、それぞれの円盤の直径が用いる筒体10の内径に一致させることができるようになっている。   FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing the upper part of the fixed base 15, and a compass magnet 16 is attached to the upper end surface of the fixed base 15, and an orientation alignment mark 17 by an arrow is written or the like. Is provided. FIG. 1 (c) is a view of the portion of the fixing base 15 as viewed from below, but the vertical and horizontal directions of the fixing base 15 can be adjusted so that the rod-like member 12 can be adjusted to rotate around the axis perpendicular to the ground. The width in the direction is larger than the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 10. In addition, a disk-shaped guide 18 for fixing the central axis to the cylindrical body 10 is bonded to the fixing base 15 at the lower part of the fixing base 15. The guides can be aligned with cylinders of various diameters, and a plurality of disks are stacked and bonded so that the diameter gradually decreases from a plastic disk with a large diameter. It can be made to coincide with the inner diameter of 10.

図1(c)は3枚の円盤18a〜cを固定台15の下面に順次接着し付設した場合であり、図1(d)はこのガイドを接着し付設した固定台について中心軸を通る平面での断面図で示すものである。
それぞれの円盤の厚みは5mmから1cmであるのが望ましい。固定台15、ガイド18(図1(c),(d)では円盤18a〜c)中心部は棒状部材12が貫通できるように方形にくりぬいておく。
FIG. 1C shows a case where three disks 18a to 18c are sequentially attached to the lower surface of the fixing base 15, and FIG. 1D shows a plane passing through the central axis of the fixing base attached with the guide. It is shown by a sectional view at.
The thickness of each disk is preferably 5 mm to 1 cm. The central part of the fixed base 15 and the guide 18 (discs 18a to 18c in FIGS. 1C and 1D) are hollowed out in a square shape so that the rod-shaped member 12 can penetrate.

図2は測定装置本体の外観を示す図である。図2に示される測定装置本体1は円形のペーパーシートP1及びP2を把持するための構成になっており、上側及び下側の保持板2a、2bは外形がペーパーシートPと同形・同大の円形であり、やはりペーパーシートP1及びP2と同形・同大の上側及び下側の透水性のスポンジ3a,3bの間にペーパーシートP1及びP2を挟み保持するとともに、保持板2a、2b、スポンジ3a,3b、ペーパーシートPの中心部には方形で同形・同大の通孔がそれぞれ形成され、この通孔に支持棒4を貫通させて保持する形態になっている。図3において、上側及び下側のスポンジ3a,3bとその間に挿入保持されるペーパーシートP1及びP2の関係を示してある。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the external appearance of the measuring apparatus main body. The measuring apparatus main body 1 shown in FIG. 2 is configured to hold circular paper sheets P1 and P2, and the upper and lower holding plates 2a and 2b have the same shape and size as the paper sheet P. The paper sheets P1 and P2 are sandwiched and held between upper and lower water-permeable sponges 3a and 3b that are circular and have the same shape and size as the paper sheets P1 and P2, and the holding plates 2a and 2b and the sponge 3a. , 3b, and through-holes of the same shape and the same size are formed in the center of the paper sheet P, and the support bar 4 is passed through and held in the through-holes. In FIG. 3, the relationship between the upper and lower sponges 3a and 3b and the paper sheets P1 and P2 inserted and held therebetween is shown.

支持棒4の外形寸法は保持板2a、2b、スポンジ3a,3b、ペーパーシートP1、P2の中心部における方形の通孔に挿通可能で、かつ挿通した時に実質的に隙間が生じない状態になるものとする。すなわち、横方向からの地下水流の作用を受けてもペーパーシートP1、P2と、これを挟持するスポンジ3a,3bが水平方向に移動しないように保持されるものとする。支持棒4はその上方及び下方の端部が保持板2a,2bから突出する長さとする。   The external dimensions of the support bar 4 can be inserted into a rectangular through hole at the center of the holding plates 2a and 2b, sponges 3a and 3b, and the paper sheets P1 and P2, and when inserted, there is substantially no gap. Shall. That is, it is assumed that the paper sheets P1 and P2 and the sponges 3a and 3b sandwiching the paper sheets P1 and P2 are held so as not to move in the horizontal direction even when subjected to the action of the groundwater flow from the lateral direction. The support bar 4 has a length at which the upper and lower ends protrude from the holding plates 2a and 2b.

図2のように保持板2a、2b、スポンジ3a,3b、ペーパーシートP1及びP2を配置し、中心部の通孔の位置を合わせた上で、支持棒4を挿入し、図示しない固定手段により、上側及び下側の保持板2a,2bを支持棒4に固定する。この固定手段としては、支持棒4を周回するゴム輪を保持板2a、2bの上下にそれぞれ取り付ける形態、あるいは保持板2aの直上側及び保持板2bの直下側の位置において支持棒4に横方向に貫通する細孔を形成しておき、それらの細孔にピンを挿通して固定するというような形態とし、あるいは他の適当な形態としてもよい。   As shown in FIG. 2, holding plates 2a and 2b, sponges 3a and 3b, and paper sheets P1 and P2 are arranged, and after the through hole in the center is aligned, the support rod 4 is inserted and fixed by means not shown. The upper and lower holding plates 2 a and 2 b are fixed to the support bar 4. As the fixing means, rubber rings that circulate around the support bar 4 are respectively attached to the upper and lower sides of the holding plates 2a and 2b, or in the lateral direction to the support bar 4 at positions immediately above the holding plate 2a and directly below the holding plate 2b. It is good also as a form which forms the fine hole penetrated in this, and inserts and fixes a pin to these fine holes, or another suitable form.

また、下側の保持板2bを支持棒4に接着剤等により一体的に固定しておき、下側のスポンジ3b、ペーパーシートP、上側のスポンジ3a、上側の保持板2aの順で重なるように支持棒4に通していき、その上で固定手段により上側の保持板2aを固定するようにしてもよい。いずれの場合にも、スポンジ3a,3bは屈撓性を有するものであり、スポンジ3a,3bの間にペーパーシートP1及びP2を挟んだ自然の状態の間隔より狭めるように、すなわちスポンジ3a,3bを軽く圧縮した状態、すなわちペーパーシートPを軽く押さえつける状態になるように、上側及び下側の保持板2a,2bの間隔を設定して固定するのが好ましい。それにより、ペーパーシートP1及びP2が上下に浮動せず測定装置本体1に対して確実に固定された位置関係になって保持されるようになる。   The lower holding plate 2b is integrally fixed to the support rod 4 with an adhesive or the like so that the lower sponge 3b, the paper sheet P, the upper sponge 3a, and the upper holding plate 2a overlap in this order. The upper holding plate 2a may be fixed to the support rod 4 by a fixing means. In any case, the sponges 3a and 3b are flexible, and are narrower than the natural interval in which the paper sheets P1 and P2 are sandwiched between the sponges 3a and 3b, that is, the sponges 3a and 3b. It is preferable that the upper and lower holding plates 2a and 2b are set and fixed so as to be lightly compressed, that is, in a state where the paper sheet P is lightly pressed. As a result, the paper sheets P1 and P2 do not float up and down, but are held in a positional relationship that is securely fixed to the measurement apparatus main body 1.

上側及び下側の保持板2a,2b、支持棒4の材質としては、塩化ビニル樹脂のような硬質プラスティック等が用いられる。スポンジ3a,3bはメラミン・フォーム等の透水性のスポンジを用いるのがよい。   As materials for the upper and lower holding plates 2a and 2b and the support bar 4, hard plastics such as vinyl chloride resin are used. The sponges 3a and 3b are preferably water-permeable sponges such as melamine foam.

図4はペーパーシートP1及びP2を上方から見た図である。ペーパーシートP1及びP2は典型的には円形形状であり、材質としては画用紙のように適度の厚さ(400〜500μm程度)、緻密さ、腰の強さを有し、インクでの印刷の乗りのよいものが適している。中心部に支持棒4の外形に適合する方形の穴が形成され、また、P2については中心から周辺までの中間程度の位置の円周上に均一の間隔で多数の点状パターンdを印刷する。印刷手法としては水溶性の黒インクによるインクジェットプリンタを用いて行うのがよい。また、ペーパーシート周辺部の一点においてマークMを予め付設しておく。このマークMは計測装置の設定の際に方向を合わせておくためのものである。   FIG. 4 is a view of the paper sheets P1 and P2 as viewed from above. The paper sheets P1 and P2 are typically circular in shape, and are made of materials that have an appropriate thickness (about 400 to 500 μm), denseness, and waist strength, similar to drawing paper. Good ones are suitable. A square hole conforming to the outer shape of the support bar 4 is formed at the center, and a large number of dot patterns d are printed at a uniform interval on the circumference of the intermediate position from the center to the periphery for P2. . As a printing method, an ink jet printer using water-soluble black ink is preferably used. In addition, a mark M is attached in advance at one point around the paper sheet. This mark M is for adjusting the direction when setting the measuring device.

ペーパーシートP1及びP2の代表的な寸法は直径が69mm程度のものであり、支持棒4の外形と一致する中心の方形の穴の一辺が19mm程度であるのがよい。これらは代表的な価であるが、適宜他の寸法を採用してもよい。また、ペーパーシートP1、P2の外形は円形としたが、多角形等他の形状とすることもできる。その場合にも点状パターンdは測定の面から円周上に印刷することになる。さらに、スポンジ3a,3b、上側及び下側の保持板2a,2bの外形もペーパーシートP1、P2の外形に同形、同大の形状とする。   The typical dimensions of the paper sheets P1 and P2 are those having a diameter of about 69 mm, and one side of a central square hole that coincides with the outer shape of the support bar 4 is preferably about 19 mm. These are representative values, but other dimensions may be adopted as appropriate. In addition, although the outer shape of the paper sheets P1 and P2 is circular, other shapes such as polygons may be used. Even in that case, the dot pattern d is printed on the circumference from the measurement surface. Further, the outer shapes of the sponges 3a and 3b and the upper and lower holding plates 2a and 2b are also the same shape and the same size as the outer shapes of the paper sheets P1 and P2.

〔測定の準備〕
本発明による地下水流流向流速の測定装置は前述のように構成されるものであり、次に測定装置を用いた地下水流向流速の測定のための準備について説明する。まず、ペーパーシートP1、P2として、同質、同形のものを必要枚数形成し、P2については黒インクで同一径の円周上に同数の等間隔に配置印刷された点状パターンをインクジェットプリンタにより施しておく。
[Preparation for measurement]
The groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring apparatus according to the present invention is configured as described above. Next, preparation for measuring the groundwater flow direction flow velocity using the measurement apparatus will be described. First, the required number of paper sheets P1 and P2 having the same quality and the same shape are formed, and for P2, a dot pattern is printed with black ink and arranged at equal intervals on the circumference of the same diameter by an inkjet printer. Keep it.

各1枚のペーパーシートP1とP2を、P2の印刷面がP1で覆われるようにして、図3に示されるようにスポンジ3a,3bの間に挟んだものを上側及び下側の保持板2a,2bの間に保持し支持棒4に支持固定された状態で図2に示す測定装置本体となる。この時前述したように、スポンジ3a,3bが軽く圧縮されてペーパーシートP1、P2が保持されるようにするのが好ましい。また、ペーパーシートP2を測定装置本体に取り付けるに際し、ペーパーシートP2に設けられた方位合わせ用マークMの位置を確認できるように、例えば上側の保持板の周辺の位置に同様のマーク(図示せず)を付設しておき、あるいは、スポンジ3a,3bの周面に上下方向にサインペンで引いた線を付設しておき、これらのマークあるいは線等にペーパーシートP2におけるマークMの位置を合わせた上で測定装置本体として取り付けるというような形態とするのがよい。   Each of the paper sheets P1 and P2 is sandwiched between the sponges 3a and 3b so that the printing surface of P2 is covered with P1, and the upper and lower holding plates 2a as shown in FIG. , 2b and being supported and fixed to the support rod 4, the measurement apparatus main body shown in FIG. 2 is obtained. At this time, as described above, it is preferable that the sponges 3a and 3b are lightly compressed to hold the paper sheets P1 and P2. Further, when the paper sheet P2 is attached to the measuring apparatus main body, for example, a similar mark (not shown) is provided at a position around the upper holding plate so that the position of the orientation alignment mark M provided on the paper sheet P2 can be confirmed. ) Or a line drawn with a sine pen in the vertical direction on the peripheral surfaces of the sponges 3a and 3b, and the mark M on the paper sheet P2 is aligned with these marks or lines. It is preferable to use a configuration in which it is attached as a measuring device main body.

このようにした測定装置本体の上側に突出した支持棒4の部分を棒状部材12の先端側に取り付けられた連結部材13で連結する。その際に測定装置本体において外方から確認するために設けた方位合わせのための目印(前述の上側の保持板2aにおけるマーク、スポンジ3a,3bの側方の線等)と、固定台15の上面における矢印等の標識17との位置(方向)が合うことを確認する。   The portion of the support bar 4 protruding above the measuring apparatus main body is connected by a connecting member 13 attached to the distal end side of the bar-shaped member 12. At that time, a mark for orientation adjustment provided for confirmation from the outside in the measuring apparatus main body (mark on the above-mentioned upper holding plate 2a, side lines of the sponges 3a, 3b, etc.) and the fixing base 15 It is confirmed that the position (direction) with the mark 17 such as an arrow on the upper surface matches.

この位置合わせに関して、測定装置本体1に予め方向確認のマーク等を設けたものでは、棒状部材12の先端における連結部材13で測定装置本体1を把持した段階で位置合わせがなされない場合に、棒状部材12と測定装置本体1とが相互に回動調節可能であるようにしておく必要がある。これは、例えば連結部材13を棒状部材12に回動調節可能な形で取り付けておくことによりなされる。   With respect to this alignment, when the measuring device body 1 is previously provided with a direction confirmation mark or the like, if the positioning is not performed when the measuring device body 1 is gripped by the connecting member 13 at the tip of the rod-shaped member 12, It is necessary that the member 12 and the measurement apparatus main body 1 can be rotated and adjusted with respect to each other. This is done, for example, by attaching the connecting member 13 to the rod-like member 12 so as to be adjustable.

このような調節手段を備えていない場合には、前述の測定装置本体1においては予め方向確認のマーク等を付さずにおき、棒状部材12の先端における連結部材13で測定装置本体1を連結した状態で、固定台15の上面における標識17と方向が合うように測定装置本体1の上側の保持板2a等に方向合わせ用のマーク等を付設する。その後に、測定装置本体1を一旦取り外し、この保持板2a等に付設されたマーク等にペーパーシートP2のマークMを合わせるようにして測定装置本体1の部分を構成した上で、棒状部材12の先端の連結部材13により連結する。この測定装置本体1に付されたマーク等と固定台15の上面における標識17とが合致するように方向を合わせる作業は、測定装置本体を地面に掘削された地下水観測井内に設置された筒体10内に挿入降下させる前に行う。   If such an adjusting means is not provided, the measuring device main body 1 is not provided with a direction confirmation mark or the like in advance, and the measuring device main body 1 is connected by the connecting member 13 at the tip of the rod-shaped member 12. In this state, a direction alignment mark or the like is attached to the holding plate 2a or the like on the upper side of the measurement apparatus main body 1 so that the direction is aligned with the mark 17 on the upper surface of the fixed base 15. Thereafter, the measuring device main body 1 is once removed, and the portion of the measuring device main body 1 is configured so that the mark M of the paper sheet P2 is aligned with the mark attached to the holding plate 2a or the like. It connects by the connection member 13 of the front-end | tip. The operation of adjusting the direction so that the mark or the like attached to the measuring apparatus main body 1 and the mark 17 on the upper surface of the fixed base 15 coincide with each other is performed by a cylindrical body installed in the groundwater observation well excavated on the ground. This is done before inserting and lowering into the 10.

図5は測定装置本体の方位合わせについて説明するため固定台の上方から見た状態を示す図であり、(a)は方位を合わせる前、(b)は方位を合わせた後の状態を示している。測定装置本体1に付されたマーク等と固定台15の上面における標識17とが合致するように方向を合わせた上で、棒状部材12をロック部材14aによりロックして挿入前の位置に保つ。この時、(a)に示すように、一般的には標識17と方位磁石のNとは合致していない。固定台15の上面における標識17と方位磁石のNとを合わせるように固定台15を地面に垂直な軸中心に回動させ、(b)のように合致したところで固定保持具14のロック部材14aを解放し、図1のように測定装置本体1を地面に掘削された地下水観測井内に設置された筒体10内の測定目標位置まで降下させる。棒状部材をその位置に保った上で、14aをロックする。これで地下水流向流速の測定の準備がなされたことになる。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state viewed from above the fixed base in order to explain the orientation adjustment of the measuring apparatus main body. (A) shows a state before the orientation is adjusted, and (b) shows a state after the orientation is adjusted. Yes. After aligning the direction such that the mark or the like attached to the measuring apparatus main body 1 and the mark 17 on the upper surface of the fixing base 15 coincide with each other, the rod-shaped member 12 is locked by the lock member 14a and kept at the position before insertion. At this time, as shown to (a), generally the label | marker 17 and N of a compass are not in agreement. The fixing table 15 is rotated about the axis perpendicular to the ground so that the mark 17 on the upper surface of the fixing table 15 and the azimuth magnet N are aligned, and when they are aligned as shown in (b), the locking member 14a of the fixing holder 14 is obtained. As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring apparatus main body 1 is lowered to the measurement target position in the cylinder 10 installed in the groundwater observation well excavated on the ground. The rod-shaped member is kept in that position, and 14a is locked. This prepares for the measurement of the groundwater flow direction flow velocity.

〔地下水流向流速の測定〕
測定装置本体1にペーパーシートP1、P2を取り付け方位合わせを行って図1のように設置した時点で測定が開始される。測定装置本体1の部分が地下水流を受け、ペーパーシートP1、P2は透水性のスポンジ2a,2bに保持された状態で地下水流の作用を受ける。ペーパーシートP1及びP2を地下水流中に置く時間を所定に設定しておき、各ペーパーシートP1及びP2について所定の時間が経過した後に、測定装置本体の固定を解除し、ペーパーシートP2を取り外し、放置して乾燥させる。
[Measurement of groundwater flow velocity]
Measurement is started when the paper sheets P1 and P2 are attached to the measuring apparatus main body 1 and are aligned as shown in FIG. The measurement apparatus main body 1 receives the groundwater flow, and the paper sheets P1 and P2 are subjected to the action of the groundwater flow while being held by the water-permeable sponges 2a and 2b. The time for placing the paper sheets P1 and P2 in the groundwater flow is set to a predetermined value, and after the predetermined time has elapsed for each paper sheet P1 and P2, the fixing of the measuring device main body is released, the paper sheet P2 is removed, Leave to dry.

乾燥後にペーパーシートP2は一般的に図6のようになる。ペーパーシートPに印刷により付与されていた各点状パターンdは図6のようにインクのテイリングd′が形成されている。このテイリングd′の方向、長さは概略一様な傾向を有し、地下水流の方向、速度に対応したものになると考えられる。そこで、地下水流に浸した後に乾燥して得られたペーパーシートPについてテイリングd′の方向、長さから地下水流の流向、流速を特定する。具体的には、ペーパーシートPの乾燥後にこれをスキャンし画像データとしてコンピュータに取り込み、画像解析により下流側の最も長いテイリングについて長さを特定するというような手法を用いるのがよい。   After drying, the paper sheet P2 is generally as shown in FIG. Each dot pattern d applied to the paper sheet P by printing has an ink tailing d 'as shown in FIG. The direction and length of the tailing d ′ have a generally uniform tendency and are considered to correspond to the direction and speed of the groundwater flow. Therefore, the flow direction and flow velocity of the groundwater flow are specified from the direction and length of the tailing d 'for the paper sheet P obtained by drying after being immersed in the groundwater flow. Specifically, it is preferable to use a method of scanning the paper sheet P after it has been dried, taking it into a computer as image data, and specifying the length of the longest tailing on the downstream side by image analysis.

測定装置本体から取り外したペーパーシートP2についての画像データを取得するに際し、デジタルカメラを用いて行うようにしてもよい。この場合にはペーパーシートP2を十分に乾燥させることは必ずしも必要ではなく、湿った状態でも可能である。また、流向、流速の測定に際し、1つの地下水観測井について、1つの深さ位置で同じ条件の複数のペーパーシートP1及びP2を交換し複数回の測定を行い、それらの結果を集計して、平均をとり流向、流速を求めるようにするのがよい。   When acquiring the image data about the paper sheet P2 removed from the measuring apparatus main body, it may be performed using a digital camera. In this case, it is not always necessary to sufficiently dry the paper sheet P2, and the paper sheet P2 can be wet. In addition, when measuring the flow direction and flow velocity, for a single groundwater observation well, a plurality of paper sheets P1 and P2 of the same condition are exchanged at one depth position, a plurality of measurements are performed, and the results are aggregated. It is better to take the average and obtain the flow direction and flow velocity.

図7は流速とテイリングの長さとの関係を求めるために行った室内実験の結果を示す図である。ペーパーシートは画用紙にインクジェットプリンタPixus950i(キヤノン株式会社製)を用いて印刷したものを用いている。図7において、縦軸は軌跡長(テイリング長さ)を測定時間で除した値としており、横軸のダルシー速度との関係を示す実測値の分布から、これらの量の間に検定直線で表される対応関係が見られる。検定直線の決定係数は0.9396であり、高いものとなっている。また、図でy切片は無流速状態での拡散速度を示している。   FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of a laboratory experiment conducted to determine the relationship between the flow velocity and the tailing length. The paper sheet used is a paper sheet printed using an inkjet printer Pixus 950i (manufactured by Canon Inc.). In FIG. 7, the vertical axis is a value obtained by dividing the trajectory length (tailing length) by the measurement time. From the distribution of measured values indicating the relationship with the Darcy velocity on the horizontal axis, a test straight line is shown between these quantities. Corresponding relationships are seen. The coefficient of determination of the test line is 0.9396, which is high. In the figure, the y-intercept indicates the diffusion rate in the no-flow state.

前述した地下水流向流速測定装置の測定装置本体においては、図2に示すように、P1とP2からなる1対のペーパーシートのセットPを1対のスポンジ3a,3bで挟持する形態について示したが、例えば同等の形状の3つのスポンジ3a,3b,3cを用い、スポンジ3a,3bの間に2枚1対のペーパーシートのセットを挟持し、スポンジ3bと3cとの間に別の2枚1対のペーパーシートのセットを挟持したものを保持板2a,2b及び支持棒4で一体的に保持する形態としてもよい。このような形態では2枚のペーパーシートを用いて、一度に2回分の測定を行うことができる。
以上においては、多数の点状パターンを印刷したペーパーシートと印刷していないペーパーシートとの2枚1対をセットとして用いる場合について説明したが、ペーパーシートを挟持する透水性スポンジの表面の材質を適切化したものを用いることにより点状パターンを印刷した1枚のペーパーシートを透水性スポンジで挟持する形態として流向流速の測定を行うようにしてもよい。
In the above-described measuring device main body of the groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device, as shown in FIG. 2, a configuration in which a pair P of paper sheets P1 and P2 is sandwiched between a pair of sponges 3a and 3b is shown. For example, three sponges 3a, 3b, 3c having the same shape are used, a pair of two paper sheets is sandwiched between the sponges 3a, 3b, and another two sheets 1 between the sponges 3b, 3c 1 It is good also as a form hold | maintained integrally by holding | maintenance board 2a, 2b and the support bar 4 which pinched the pair of paper sheet set. In such a form, two paper sheets can be used to perform measurement twice.
In the above description, the case where two pairs of paper sheets on which a large number of dot patterns are printed and paper sheets on which printing is not performed is used as a set. The flow direction flow velocity may be measured as a form in which a sheet of paper printed with a dot pattern is sandwiched between water-permeable sponges by using an appropriate one.

また、前述した地下水流向流速測定装置の測定装置本体は、多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートと、それを両面から把持する透水性スポンジと、それらを両側から把持する一対の保持板とのそれぞれにわたって中心に同形同大の穴が形成されており、前記ペーパーシート、透水性スポンジ、保持板がそれらに設けられた穴に断面が同形同大の支持棒を貫通させ一体的に保持される形態のものについて示したが、同形同大のペーパーシート、透水性スポンジ、保持板を一体的に保持し棒状部材下部に取り付けるものであれば、他の形態とすることができ、例えば、同形同大のペーパーシート、透水性スポンジ、保持板のそれぞれの中心部に穴を設けずに、これらを全体的に密接して包囲するかご状部材に収納し、棒状部材の下部に取り付けるような形態としてもよい。   In addition, the measurement device main body of the above-described groundwater flow direction flow velocity measurement device has a paper sheet having a predetermined shape on which a plurality of dot patterns are distributed and arranged, and provided with orientation marks, and water permeability that holds the paper sheet from both sides. A hole of the same shape and size is formed in the center over each of the porous sponge and a pair of holding plates that hold them from both sides, and the paper sheet, the water-permeable sponge, and the holding plate are formed in the holes provided in them. Although the cross section of the same shape and the same size of the support rod is shown as being held integrally, the same shape and size paper sheet, water permeable sponge, holding plate are integrally held at the bottom of the rod-shaped member As long as it is attached, it can be in other forms, for example, without forming a hole in the center of each of the same shape and same size paper sheet, water permeable sponge, and holding plate. Body to closely accommodated in a basket-shaped member surrounding, it may form such as attached to the lower portion of the rod.

測定装置本体について方位合わせを行うに際して、測定装置本体1を地下水観測井中に降下させる前に方位合わせを行い、その後に測定装置本体1を地下水観測井内の測定目標位置まで降下させるという形態について説明したが、本発明においては、測定装置本体1が方位合わせのために地下水観測井に対して回動調節可能になっていればよいのであり、他の形態も可能である。   When the orientation of the measuring device main body is adjusted, the orientation is adjusted before the measuring device main body 1 is lowered into the groundwater observation well, and then the measuring device main body 1 is lowered to the measurement target position in the groundwater observation well. However, in the present invention, it is only necessary that the measuring apparatus main body 1 can be pivotally adjusted with respect to the groundwater observation well for orientation, and other forms are possible.

例えば、棒状部材12を地下水観測井に対して回動調節できるようにするために、測定装置本体1を取り付けた棒状部材12を保持する固定保持具14として、棒状部材12を挿通させる孔を形成した内側部材の外周面を円柱形状とし、これを外側部材の円柱形状の孔内で回動可能にするという二重構造にするというような構成とする。それにより、測定装置本体を取り付けた棒状部材12は地下水観測井に固定して設置された固定台に対して回動調節可能になる。この構成の場合に、方位合わせは測定装置本体を地下水観測井内に降下させた後に行うことになる。   For example, in order to be able to adjust the rotation of the rod-shaped member 12 with respect to the groundwater observation well, a hole through which the rod-shaped member 12 is inserted is formed as the fixed holder 14 that holds the rod-shaped member 12 to which the measuring apparatus main body 1 is attached. The outer peripheral surface of the inner member is formed into a columnar shape, and this is configured to have a double structure in which the inner member can be rotated within the columnar hole of the outer member. Thereby, the rod-shaped member 12 to which the measuring apparatus main body is attached can be adjusted to rotate with respect to a fixed base that is fixedly installed in the groundwater observation well. In the case of this configuration, the alignment is performed after the measuring device main body is lowered into the groundwater observation well.

本発明による地下水流向流速の測定では、測定装置の構成が簡易であり、経費を節減することができるとともに、測定時の測定装置の動作にために電源を必要としないので、電源を得難い箇所においても測定を行うことができるものである。   In the measurement of the flow velocity of the groundwater flow according to the present invention, the configuration of the measuring device is simple, the cost can be reduced, and no power source is required for the operation of the measuring device at the time of measurement. Can also be measured.

1 測定装置本体
2a,2b 保持板
3a,3b スポンジ
4 支持棒
10 筒体
11 小孔
12 棒状部材
13 連結部材
14 固定保持具
14a ロック部材
15 固定台
16 方位磁石
17 標識
18(a〜c)ガイド
E 地面
M 方位合わせ用マーク
P1 ペーパーシート(白紙)
P2 ペーパーシート(印刷)
P P1とP2からなるペーパーシートのセット
d 点状パターン
d′ インクのテイリング
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Measuring apparatus main body 2a, 2b Holding | maintenance board 3a, 3b Sponge 4 Supporting rod 10 Cylindrical body 11 Small hole 12 Rod-shaped member 13 Connecting member 14 Fixed holding tool 14a Locking member 15 Fixing base 16 Directional magnet 17 Marking 18 (ac) guide E Ground M Orientation mark P1 Paper sheet (white paper)
P2 paper sheet (printing)
P Set of paper sheets consisting of P1 and P2 d Point pattern d 'Ink tailing

Claims (6)

水溶性のインクで多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートを両側から透水性スポンジで把持した状態で保持する測定装置本体について方位合わせ及び地下水観測井中への降下を行って地下水観測井中に所定時間保持することと、
所定時間経過後に前記測定装置本体から前記ペーパーシートを取り外し回収することと、
回収された前記ペーパーシートに印刷されていた点状パターンに付随して生じたテイリングの長さ、向きを求めることと、
求められた前記テイリングの長さ、向きから地下水流向流速を求めることと、
からなることを特徴とする地下水流向流速を測定する方法。
Orientation of the main body of the measuring device that prints in a state in which a large number of dot patterns are distributed and arranged with water-soluble ink and holds a paper sheet of a predetermined shape provided with orientation marks from both sides with a water-permeable sponge And descent into the groundwater observation well and hold it in the groundwater observation well for a predetermined time,
Removing and collecting the paper sheet from the measuring device body after a predetermined time has elapsed;
Determining the length and orientation of the tailing that accompanies the dot pattern printed on the collected paper sheet;
Obtaining the groundwater flow direction flow velocity from the length and direction of the obtained tailing;
A method for measuring the direction velocity of groundwater flow characterized by comprising:
前記所定形状のペーパーシートの多数の点状パターンが印刷された面を覆うように同形同大で多数の点状パターンを印刷していない他のペーパーシートを重ねた状態で両側から前記透水性スポンジで把持するようにしたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の地下水流向流速を測定する方法。   The water permeability from both sides in a state where other paper sheets having the same shape and the same size and not printed with a large number of dot-like patterns are stacked so as to cover the surface on which a large number of dot-like patterns of the paper sheet of the predetermined shape are printed. 2. The method for measuring the flow velocity in the direction of groundwater flow according to claim 1, wherein the method is configured to grip with a sponge. 水溶性のインクで多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートの両面を透水性スポンジで把持したものを一対の保持板で両側から把持しその全体を一体的に保持してなる測定装置本体と、
前記測定装置本体を棒状部材の下方の端部側に取り付けて地下水観測井内に配置した状態で前記棒状部材の地表面より上方にある上方の端部側を保持して地表面に設置した台部に固定するとともに前記測定装置本体を取り付けた棒状部材が地下水観測井に対して回動調節可能であって前記測定装置本体の方位合わせを行えるようにした測定装置本体保持固定手段と、
を備えてなり、前記測定装置本体を地下水観測井中に所定時間保持した後に前記測定装置本体から取り外し回収されたペーパーシートに印刷されていた点状パターンに付随して生じたテイリングの長さ、向きから地下水流向流速を求めるようにしたことを特徴とする地下水流向流速測定装置。
A paper sheet with a predetermined shape that is printed with water-soluble ink in a distributed pattern, and is gripped on both sides with a water-permeable sponge. And a measuring device main body integrally holding the whole,
A base that is installed on the ground surface while holding the upper end side above the ground surface of the rod-shaped member in a state where the measuring device main body is attached to the lower end side of the rod-shaped member and disposed in the groundwater observation well. A measuring apparatus body holding and fixing means that can be adjusted to rotate with respect to the groundwater observation well and the rod-like member to which the measuring apparatus body is attached is capable of adjusting the orientation of the measuring apparatus body,
The length and direction of tailing that accompanies the dotted pattern printed on the paper sheet that was removed from the main body of the measuring apparatus after being retained for a predetermined time in the groundwater observation well. A groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device characterized in that the groundwater flow direction flow velocity is obtained from the groundwater flow direction.
前記測定装置本体において、前記多数の点状パターンを分布配置した状態に印刷するとともに方位合わせ用マークを設けた所定形状のペーパーシートと、それを両面から把持する透水性スポンジと、それらを両側から把持する一対の保持板とのそれぞれにわたって中心に同形同大の穴が形成されており、前記ペーパーシート、透水性スポンジ、保持板がそれらに設けられた穴に断面が同形同大の支持棒を貫通させ一体的に保持されるものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の地下水流向流速測定装置。   In the measuring apparatus main body, a paper sheet having a predetermined shape which is printed in a state in which a large number of dot patterns are distributed and arranged, and a water-permeable sponge which grips the paper sheet from both sides, and those from both sides. A hole of the same shape and size is formed in the center across each of the pair of holding plates to be gripped, and the paper sheet, the water-permeable sponge, and the holding plate are supported in the same shape and size in the holes provided in them. The groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the rod penetrates the rod and is integrally held. 前記測定装置本体において、前記所定形状のペーパーシートの点状パターンが印刷された面を覆うように同形同大で点状パターンを印刷していない他のペーパーシートを重ねた状態で両側から前記透水性スポンジで把持していることを特徴とする請求項3または4のいずれか1項に記載の地下水流向流速測定装置。   In the measuring apparatus main body, the paper sheet of the predetermined shape is overlapped with other paper sheets that are not printed with a dot pattern in the same shape and size so as to cover the surface on which the dot pattern is printed. The groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device is held by a water-permeable sponge. 前記測定装置本体を取り付けた棒状部材の地表面より上方にある上方の端部側を保持し固定する、地下水観測井に対して回動調節可能に設置された台部の上面に方位磁石を付設するとともに方位合わせ用の標識を設け、前記測定装置本体を前記棒状部材の下方の端部側に取り付ける際に前記棒状部材の上端面に設けられた方位合わせ用の標識と前記ペーパーシートに設けられた方位合わせ用マークとの方向を合わせておき、前記棒状部材を保持し固定する台部を地面に垂直な軸中心に回動させてペーパーシートの方位合わせ用マークがN方向を向くように調整できるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項3〜5のいずれか1項に記載の地下水流向流速測定装置。

An orientation magnet is attached to the upper surface of the base that is installed so as to be rotatable and adjustable with respect to the groundwater observation well, which holds and fixes the upper end side above the ground surface of the rod-like member attached with the measuring device main body. In addition, an orientation mark is provided, and the orientation mark provided on the upper end surface of the rod-shaped member and the paper sheet are provided when the measuring device main body is attached to the lower end side of the rod-shaped member. Adjust the direction so that the orientation mark on the paper sheet faces the N direction by aligning the direction with the orientation mark and rotating the base that holds and fixes the rod-shaped member about the axis perpendicular to the ground. The groundwater flow direction flow velocity measuring device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the device is capable of being made.

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