CN113739844A - Dilution method based underground water layering monitoring device and monitoring method - Google Patents
Dilution method based underground water layering monitoring device and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 251
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-chloro-1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound C=12C(C)OC(C)(C)C2=CC=CC=1NC(=O)C=1C(C)=NN(C)C=1Cl NRTLIYOWLVMQBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dilution method-based underground water layering monitoring device and a monitoring method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) determining the position and the number of the water-containing layers; 2) determining a length of each conduit; 3) assembling the device; 4) pumping out air from the device and sinking the device into the borehole; 5) pumping water into the layered water-isolating bag and extruding the layered water-isolating bag with the inner wall of the drilled hole; 6) after the numerical value of the digital pressure gauge is stable, the water pump is closed; 7) the sensors measure parameters of underground water of each layer in the three groups of drill holes as initial values; 8) starting a source-throwing water pump, and throwing a fixed amount of tracer solution; 9) recording data output by a sensor after the tracer solution is put in real time and analyzing the data; 10) and after the conductivity of the underground water recovers the initial value, repeating the steps 8) -9) for three times, and carrying out average value treatment on the three groups of flow velocity values and the flow direction values. The invention can effectively avoid the interference of the vertical flow of the underground water to the measurement precision, effectively avoid the problem of the eccentricity of the source projector, and also can carry out multi-layer monitoring on the seepage of different positions of the aquifer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground water monitoring, in particular to a dilution method-based underground water layered monitoring device and a monitoring method.
Background
China is a country with relatively poor underground water, particularly along with the development and the improvement of the industrialization degree of the society of China, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is increasingly prominent, the underground water is excessively mined in a large number of violations, and great pressure is brought to the healthy development of an underground water system. The flow velocity and the flow direction of the underground water are used as important parameters of an aquifer seepage field, and reliable parameter basis can be provided for the aspects of development and utilization of the underground water, underground water environment problems, engineering construction and the like. Therefore, the method has important significance for detecting the flow speed and the flow direction of the groundwater. Underground water is buried under the surface of the earth, and it is difficult to directly measure the flow velocity and direction of the underground water. The dilution method is used as one of artificial tracing, and compared with an electric method or an electromagnetic method, the dilution method is most direct in measuring groundwater seepage, and the obtained data is most direct and accurate.
Groundwater monitoring is one of the most fundamental works for groundwater environment protection and is an important data source for groundwater resource evaluation. The prior underground water monitoring index focuses on monitoring the quality of underground water in addition to the original index. The traditional single-tube multilayer monitoring well cannot carry out layering long-term monitoring and sampling because layering is not carried out in the tube, and the waste of exploration resources can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dilution method-based underground water layering monitoring device and a monitoring method, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the underground water layered monitoring device based on the dilution method comprises a source throwing system, a layered water-resisting system, a collecting system, a control system and a counterweight hammer.
The control system comprises a ground surface source throwing pipe, a ground surface water guide pipe, a source throwing water tank and a water injection water tank.
The source water tank and the water injection water tank are both arranged on the ground surface, a source water pump is arranged in the source water tank and is connected with a source shunt joint outside the source water tank through a guide pipe, and a digital pressure gauge is arranged on the guide pipe between the source water pump and the source shunt joint.
The source-throwing flow-dividing joint is connected with M earth surface source-throwing pipes, each earth surface source-throwing pipe is provided with an intelligent flowmeter and a valve, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.
The pressure water pump is arranged in the water injection water tank, a ground surface water guide pipe extends into the water injection water tank and is connected with the pressure water pump, and a digital pressure gauge, a valve and a flowmeter are arranged on the ground surface water guide pipe. And the other surface water guide pipe is connected with a vacuum pump, and a valve is arranged on the surface water guide pipe. And the two surface water guide pipes are connected by adopting a Y-shaped tee joint.
The layered water-resisting system comprises M layered water-resisting devices and N adapters, wherein M-N is equal to 1.
The layering water-stop comprises a layering water-stop bag, a limber hole, a water guide pipe and a conduit, wherein the conduit is vertically arranged in the drill hole, the water guide pipe is inserted into the conduit and has a gap S with the inner wall of the conduit, the layering water-stop bag is sleeved at the middle section of the conduit, and the upper end and the lower end of the layering water-stop bag are hermetically connected with the outer wall of the conduit.
And the water guide pipe and the wire guide pipe are positioned on the pipe wall on the inner side of the layered water-proof bag and are provided with water through holes, and the side walls around the water through holes separate the gaps S from the water through holes. And the aqueducts and the conduit pipes of two adjacent layered water separators are connected through an adapter.
The device comprises a plurality of layered water-proof bags, a plurality of layered water-proof bags are arranged on the layered water-proof bags, a source projecting system is arranged on a conduit at the upper end of each layered water-proof bag, each source projecting system comprises an annular source projector and an underground source projecting pipe, each annular source projector is of an annular tubular structure sleeved on the conduit, a plurality of source projecting holes are formed in each annular source projector, and the source projecting holes are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of each annular source projector.
One end of the underground source throwing pipe is connected with the annular source throwing device, the other end of the underground source throwing pipe penetrates through the wire guide pipe and extends into the gap S, the underground source throwing pipe of the uppermost source throwing system is connected with the corresponding ground surface source throwing pipe, and the rest underground source throwing pipes penetrate through the adapter and are connected with the corresponding ground surface source throwing pipes.
Every the top that the layering separates the water pocket all is provided with collection system, collection system including evenly arranging a plurality of sensors around the conduit, every sensor cable conductor passes the conduit and stretches into clearance S, and the sensor cable conductor of the collection system of top is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth 'S surface, and the sensor cable conductor of all the other collection systems passes the adapter and is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth' S surface, and a plurality of sensors of every collection system are fixed at the top that corresponds the layering and separate the water pocket.
The water guide pipe at the uppermost end is connected with the Y-shaped tee joint, and the wire guide pipe at the lowermost end is connected with the counterweight hammer.
During monitoring, the vacuum pump is adopted to pump out air in the monitoring device, the layered water-proof bags shrink, the counterweight hammer driving device sinks into the drilled hole, the pressure water pump discharges water to each layered water-proof bag, the layered water-proof bags expand and are extruded with the inner wall of the drilled hole, a fixed amount of tracer solution is thrown into underground water of each layer through the source throwing system, and the acquisition system measures the initial value and the variation value of the parameters of the underground water of each layer of the drilled hole and analyzes and processes the data.
Further, the adapter is the cylinder structure of vertical setting, and the upper and lower extreme of adapter all is provided with the ring channel that supplies the conduit embedding, and the adapter is provided with the aqueduct connecting hole that supplies the aqueduct embedding, and the aqueduct connecting hole runs through the upper and lower end of adapter and coaxial with the adapter.
Be provided with M cable grooves and M source-throwing tank on the adapter, cable groove and source-throwing tank all run through the last lower extreme of adapter and all are located between aqueduct connecting hole and the ring channel.
The wire conduit and the aqueduct above the adapter are respectively embedded into the annular groove at the upper end of the adapter and the upper end of the aqueduct connecting hole, and the wire conduit and the aqueduct below the adapter are respectively embedded into the annular groove at the lower end of the adapter and the lower end of the aqueduct connecting hole.
And the underground source projecting pipe positioned in the gap S penetrates through the source projecting groove and is connected with the corresponding ground surface source projecting pipe, and the sensor cable penetrates through the cable groove and is connected with a monitoring instrument on the ground surface.
Further, the groundwater parameters measured by the acquisition system include salinity, conductivity and temperature.
Further, the tracer solution is a sodium chloride solution.
Furthermore, the conduit is in threaded connection with the counterweight hammer.
The underground water layered monitoring method based on the dilution method is based on the device and comprises the following steps:
1) according to geological survey data, determining spatial information of a relative impervious layer, determining the position and the number of the detected aquifer by combining the thickness of the aquifer and the actual survey requirement, and further determining the value of M.
2) And determining the length of the conduit in each layered water-stop device according to the position of the relative impervious layer, so as to ensure that each subsequent layered water-stop bag can be accurately arranged in the area of the relative impervious layer.
3) Adopt N the adapter links together M layering water-stop devices and forms the layering water-stop system, and the bottom and the counter weight hammer of layering water-stop system are connected, and the aqueduct and the Y type tee junction on top are connected with the earth's surface source pipe that throws that corresponds with the upper end of each underground source pipe.
4) And opening a valve on the surface water guide pipe connected with the vacuum pump, closing other valves, opening the vacuum pump, pumping air in the device, enabling each layered water-proof bag to contract, and sinking the device into the drilled hole by using the self weight of the counterweight hammer.
5) And closing the valves on the surface water guide pipe connected with the vacuum pump, opening other valves, starting the pressure water pump, pumping water in the water injection water tank into each layered water-insulation bag, and expanding the layered water-insulation bags along the horizontal direction and extruding the layered water-insulation bags with the inner wall of the drill hole.
6) And observing the numerical value of a digital pressure gauge on the surface water guide pipe, and closing the pressure water pump after the numerical value is stable.
7) And starting a plurality of sensors of the acquisition system, measuring the salinity, the conductivity and the temperature of underground water of each layer in the three groups of drill holes, and carrying out mean value processing on recorded data to serve as initial values.
8) And setting a fixed value of the output flow of each intelligent flowmeter, starting a source-throwing water pump, throwing tracer solution, and closing the source-throwing water pump after the flow of the intelligent flowmeter reaches the set fixed value.
9) And recording data output by the sensor after the tracer solution is put in real time and analyzing the data.
10) And after the conductivity of the underground water recovers the initial value, repeating the steps 8) -9) for three times, and carrying out average value treatment on the three groups of flow velocity values and the flow direction values.
Further, the groundwater permeation flow rate is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: r is1Is the borehole radius. r is0Is the outer diameter of the water conduit. And alpha is a flow field distortion correction coefficient caused by drilling in the aquifer, and 2 is taken. t is the measurement time. N is a radical of0And N is t-0 and the tracer concentration at time t, respectively.
Further, said N0And N is the average value of the tracer concentration of a plurality of sensors in the same layer at the time t-0 and t respectively.
Further, the flow direction of the underground water is judged by using a vector superposition method, the difference value of the conductivity detected by each sensor is used as the vector magnitude, the direction from the conduit to each sensor is used as the vector direction, the vector corresponding to the underground water and each sensor is determined, and the direction obtained after the vectors are superposed is the flow direction of the underground water in one layer.
The method has the advantages that the method can effectively avoid the interference of the vertical flow of the underground water on the measurement precision, effectively avoid the problem of eccentricity of the source throwing device, carry out multi-layer monitoring on the seepage of different positions of the aquifer, realize the layered monitoring of the underground water, improve the accuracy of the seepage field parameters of the underground aquifer, avoid the sampling of mixed water samples and further more accurately acquire the hydrogeological information of the underground water.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a layered water barrier;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the layered water conductor;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a water passage hole;
figure 7 is a schematic view of an adapter;
figure 8 is a top view of the adapter;
FIG. 9 is a sensor profile;
FIG. 10 is a front view of the annular applicator;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a source controller connection;
fig. 12 is a schematic view showing the connection between the suction pressure controller and the water pressure controller.
In the figure: the system comprises a source throwing system 1, a source throwing hole 101, an annular source throwing device 102, an underground source throwing pipe 103, a layered water-stopping system 2, a layered water-stopping device 201, a layered water-stopping bag 2011, a water through hole 2013, a water guide pipe 2014, a wire guide pipe 2015, an adapter 202, a cable groove 2021, a source throwing groove 2022, a water guide pipe connecting hole 2023, an annular groove 2024, a collecting system 3, a control system 4, a ground surface source throwing pipe 401, a ground surface water guide pipe 402, a source throwing flow dividing joint 403, a Y-shaped tee 404, an intelligent flow meter 406, a digital pressure gauge 407, a valve 408, a flow meter 409, a vacuum pump 410, a source throwing water tank 413, a water filling water tank 414, a counterweight hammer 5 and a drill hole 6.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but it should not be construed that the scope of the above-described subject matter is limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1 or 2, the embodiment discloses a dilution-based groundwater layered monitoring device, which comprises a source throwing system 1, a layered water isolating system 2, an acquisition system 3, a control system 4 and a counterweight hammer 5.
The control system 4 includes a surface source pipe 401, a surface water conduit 402, a source water tank 413 and a water filling tank 414.
Referring to fig. 3, the source water tank 413 and the water injection tank 414 are both arranged on the ground surface, a source water pump is arranged inside the source water tank 413, the source water pump is connected with a source tap 403 outside the source water tank 413 through a conduit, and a digital pressure gauge 407 is arranged on the conduit between the source water pump and the source tap 403. The source water tank 413 is filled with a tracer, and the tracer is a sodium chloride solution, so that temperature convection caused by temperature difference is eliminated. The source-throwing flow-dividing joint 403 is provided with a water inlet and M water outlets, and after tracer solution enters the cavity of the source-throwing flow-dividing joint 403 through the water inlet, the cavity can divide the solution equally, so that the water outlet flow of each water outlet is equal.
The source throwing flow dividing joint 403 is connected with M surface source throwing pipes 401, each surface source throwing pipe 401 is provided with an intelligent flow meter 406 and a valve 408, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the surface source throwing pipes 401, the intelligent flow meters 406, the valves 408, the source throwing flow dividing joint 403, a digital pressure gauge 407 and a source throwing water pump are connected to form a source throwing controller, and the source throwing controller is schematically connected with the source throwing water pump in fig. 11. The intelligent flow meter 406 can set a fixed value for the output flow rate, and when the flow rate reaches the set fixed value, the flow rate is not output any more, and the intelligent flow meter 403 is used for recording and controlling the flow rate of the tracer solution in the underground water injected into the borehole 6.
The pressure water pump is arranged in the water filling water tank 414, an earth surface water guide pipe 402 extends into the water filling water tank 414 and is connected with the pressure water pump, and a digital pressure gauge 407, a valve 408 and a flowmeter 409 are arranged on the earth surface water guide pipe 402. The other surface conduit 402 is connected to a vacuum pump 410, and a valve 408 is disposed on the surface conduit 402. The two surface conduits 402 are connected by a Y-tee 404. The flow meter 409 is used to record the flow of water injected into the stratified water-barrier system 2.
Referring to fig. 12, the surface water conduit 402, the vacuum pump 410 and the valve 408 are connected to form a suction pressure controller, and the pressure water pump, the surface water conduit 402, the digital pressure gauge 407, the valve 408 and the flowmeter 409 are connected to form a water pressure controller.
The layered water-stop system 2 includes M layered water-stops 201 and N adapters 202, where M-N is 1.
Referring to fig. 4 or 5, the layering water barrier 201 includes layering water barrier bag 2011, limbers 2013, aqueduct 2014 and conduit 2015, the vertical setting of conduit 2015 is in drilling 6, there is clearance S in the inner wall that conduit 2014 inserted conduit 2015 and with conduit 2015 for aqueduct 2014, layering water barrier bag 2011 cover is established in the middle section of conduit 2015, the upper and lower end that the layering water barrier bag 2011 all is connected with the outer wall seal of conduit 2015. The layered water-stop bladder 2011 is made of waterproof flexible material, can adapt to the shape inside the drilled hole 6 strongly, and is attached to the inner wall more tightly.
Referring to fig. 6, the water guiding tube 2014 and the wire guiding tube 2015 are arranged on the inner side of the layered water-stop bag 2011, and the water passing holes 2013 are formed in the tube wall, and the gap S and the water passing holes 2013 are separated by the side walls around the water passing holes 2013, so that water is prevented from entering the gap S. The water conduit 2014 and the wire conduit 2015 of two adjacent layered risers 201 are connected through the adapter 202.
Referring to fig. 7, the adapter 202 is a vertically arranged cylindrical structure, the upper and lower ends of the adapter 202 are both provided with annular grooves 2024 for inserting a conduit 2015, the adapter 202 is provided with conduit connection holes 2023 for inserting the conduit 2014, and the conduit connection holes 2023 penetrate through the upper and lower ends of the adapter 202 and are coaxial with the adapter 202.
The adapter 202 is provided with M cable grooves 2021 and M source throwing grooves 2022, and the cable grooves 2021 and the source throwing grooves 2022 penetrate through the upper end and the lower end of the adapter 202 and are located between the water guide pipe connecting hole 2023 and the annular groove 2024.
The conduit 2015 and the conduit 2014 above the adapter 202 are respectively embedded into the annular groove 2024 at the upper end of the adapter 202 and the upper end of the conduit connecting hole 2023, and the conduit 2015 and the conduit 2014 below the adapter 202 are respectively embedded into the annular groove 2024 at the lower end of the adapter 202 and the lower end of the conduit connecting hole 2023.
A source projecting system 1 is arranged on a conduit 2015 at the upper end of each layered water-insulating bag 2011, referring to fig. 10, the source projecting system 1 comprises an annular source projecting device 102 and an underground source projecting pipe 103, the annular source projecting device 102 is of an annular tubular structure sleeved on the conduit 2015, a plurality of source projecting holes 101 are formed in the annular source projecting device 102, and the source projecting holes 101 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular source projecting device 102.
One end of the underground source throwing pipe 103 is connected to the annular source throwing device 102, the other end of the underground source throwing pipe passes through the wire conduit 2015 and extends into the gap S, the underground source throwing pipe 103 of the uppermost source throwing system 1 is connected with the corresponding ground surface source throwing pipe 401, and the other underground source throwing pipes 103 pass through the source throwing groove 2022 and are connected with the corresponding ground surface source throwing pipe 401.
Every the top of layering water proof bag 2011 all is provided with collection system 3, see fig. 9, collection system 3 includes evenly arranging 8 sensors around conduit 2015, every sensor cable conductor passes conduit 2015 and stretches into clearance S, the sensor cable conductor of the collection system 3 of the top is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth ' S surface, all the other collection system 3 ' S sensor cable conductor passes cable groove 2021 and is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth ' S surface, 8 sensors of every collection system 3 are fixed at the top that corresponds layering water proof bag 2011, inflation after layering water proof bag 2011 water injection, the scattering that can drive the sensor of opening of its top surface.
The water conduit 2014 at the uppermost end is connected with the Y-shaped tee 404, and the wire conduit 2015 at the lowermost end is connected with the counterweight hammer 5 by threads.
During monitoring, adopt vacuum pump 410 takes out the inside air of monitoring devices, layering water proof bag 2011 contracts, counter weight hammer 5 drive arrangement sinks into drilling 6, pressure water pump is to each layering water proof bag 2011 drainage, layering water proof bag 2011 inflation and with the extrusion of 6 inner walls of drilling, thereby separate into the multilayer to the groundwater in the drilling 6, vertical flow has been avoided to the interference of measurement, make the conduit 2015 between two adjacent layering water proof bags 2011 can be automatic to right, conduit 2015 axis and the coincidence of the axis of drilling 6, and cyclic annular source throwing ware 102 is fixed again on conduit 2015, make cyclic annular source throwing ware 102 automatic positioning at drilling 6 centers, the effectual cyclic annular source throwing ware 102 of having avoided takes place eccentric problem. And (3) putting a fixed amount of tracer solution into each layer of underground water through the source throwing system 1, measuring the initial value and the change value of each layer of underground water parameter of the drill hole 6 by the acquisition system 3, and analyzing and processing the data. Among the groundwater parameters are salinity, conductivity and temperature of the groundwater.
The numerical value of the digital pressure gauge 407 is used for judging the putting rate of the tracer, the water pressure numerical value in the layered water isolating system 2 can be monitored in real time, and the expansion degree of the layered water isolating bag 2011 is judged, so that the water isolating effect is evaluated. In addition, the source throwing system 1 can not only throw tracer solution into the borehole 6, but also pump the groundwater of each layer in the borehole 6 to the earth surface, and further acquire a large amount of hydrogeological information such as ion concentration, mineralization degree and the like of the groundwater.
It is noted that the device according to the present example is suitable for use in boreholes 6 having a diameter of 10cm to 30cm, the conduit 2015 having a maximum diameter of not more than 20% of the diameter of the bore.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a dilution method-based underground water layered monitoring method, and the device based on the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
1) according to geological survey data, determining spatial information of a relative impervious layer, determining the position and the number of the detected aquifer by combining the thickness of the aquifer and the actual survey requirement, and further determining the value of M.
2) According to the position of the relative impermeable layer, the length of the conduit 2015 in each layered riser 201 is determined, so that each subsequent layered riser bladder 2011 can be accurately installed in the area of the relative impermeable layer.
3) Adopt N adapter 202 links M layering water-stop conductor 201 together and forms layering water-stop system 2, and the bottom and the counterweight hammer 5 of layering water-stop system 2 are connected, throws the upper end of source pipe 103 and is connected with the earth's surface that corresponds and throws source pipe 401, and the aqueduct 2014 and the Y type tee joint 404 on top are connected.
4) And opening a valve 408 on the ground surface water guide pipe 402 connected with the vacuum pump 410, closing other valves 408, starting the vacuum pump 410, pumping air in the device, contracting each layered water-insulating bag 2011, and sinking the device into the borehole 6 by using the self weight of the counterweight hammer.
5) The valves 408 on the surface water guide pipe 402 connected with the vacuum pump 410 are closed, other valves 408 are opened, the pressure water pump is started, the water in the water injection water tank 414 is pumped into each layered water-stop bag 2011, and the layered water-stop bags 2011 expand along the horizontal direction and are extruded with the inner wall of the borehole 6.
6) And (4) observing the value of a digital pressure gauge 407 on the surface water guide pipe 402, and closing the pressure water pump after the value is stable.
7) And starting a plurality of sensors of the acquisition system 3, measuring the salinity, the conductivity and the temperature of each layer of underground water in the three groups of drill holes 6, and carrying out average processing on the recorded data to serve as initial values.
8) And setting a fixed value of the output flow of each intelligent flowmeter 406, starting a source-throwing water pump, throwing tracer solution, and closing the source-throwing water pump after the flow of the intelligent flowmeter 406 reaches the set fixed value.
9) And recording data output by the sensor after the tracer solution is put in real time and analyzing the data.
10) After the conductivity of the underground water recovers the initial value, repeating the steps 8) -9) for three times, carrying out average value treatment on the three groups of flow velocity values and flow direction values, uniformly marking a water column in the drill hole by using a tracer solution, along with the flow of the underground water, replenishing the tracer in the drill hole into 'fresh water' in the drill hole to reduce the concentration, wherein the uniformly distributed tracer concentration is gradually unevenly distributed, the radioactive tracer put into the drill hole is carried out of an aquifer outside the hole by the underground water at a certain diffusion angle mainly along the water flow direction, and the direction with the fastest reduction rate of the tracer concentration corresponds to the flow direction of the underground water; the rate of decrease of the tracer concentration is related to the groundwater permeation flow rate, the change of the tracer concentration is measured, and the permeation flow rate can be calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula: r is1Is the borehole radius, r0Is the outer diameter of the water conduit 2014, alpha is the flow field distortion correction coefficient of the drill 6 in the aquifer, 2 is taken, t is the measurement time, N is the measurement time0And N is the average value of the tracer concentration of a plurality of sensors in the same layer at the time t-0 and t respectively.
And judging the flow direction of the underground water by using a vector superposition method, determining the vector corresponding to the underground water and each sensor by using the difference value between the conductivity detected by each sensor and the initial value as the vector magnitude and the direction from the conduit 2015 to each sensor as the vector direction, wherein the direction obtained by superposing the vectors is the flow direction of the underground water in one layer.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1 or 2, the embodiment discloses a dilution-based groundwater layered monitoring device, which comprises a source throwing system 1, a layered water isolating system 2, an acquisition system 3, a control system 4 and a counterweight hammer 5.
The control system 4 includes a surface source pipe 401, a surface water conduit 402, a source water tank 413 and a water filling tank 414.
Referring to fig. 3, the source water tank 413 and the water injection tank 414 are both arranged on the ground surface, a source water pump is arranged inside the source water tank 413, the source water pump is connected with a source tap 403 outside the source water tank 413 through a conduit, and a digital pressure gauge 407 is arranged on the conduit between the source water pump and the source tap 403.
The source throwing flow dividing joint 403 is connected with M surface source throwing pipes 401, each surface source throwing pipe 401 is provided with an intelligent flow meter 406 and a valve 408, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, the surface source throwing pipes 401, the intelligent flow meters 406, the valves 408, the source throwing flow dividing joint 403, a digital pressure gauge 407 and a source throwing water pump are connected to form a source throwing controller, and the source throwing controller is schematically connected with the source throwing water pump in fig. 11.
The pressure water pump is arranged in the water filling water tank 414, an earth surface water guide pipe 402 extends into the water filling water tank 414 and is connected with the pressure water pump, and a digital pressure gauge 407, a valve 408 and a flowmeter 409 are arranged on the earth surface water guide pipe 402. The other surface conduit 402 is connected to a vacuum pump 410, and a valve 408 is disposed on the surface conduit 402. The two surface conduits 402 are connected by a Y-tee 404.
Referring to fig. 12, the surface water conduit 402, the vacuum pump 410 and the valve 408 are connected to form a suction pressure controller, and the pressure water pump, the surface water conduit 402, the digital pressure gauge 407, the valve 408 and the flowmeter 409 are connected to form a water pressure controller.
The layered water-stop system 2 includes M layered water-stops 201 and N adapters 202, where M-N is 1.
Referring to fig. 4 or 5, the layering water barrier 201 includes layering water barrier bag 2011, limbers 2013, aqueduct 2014 and conduit 2015, the vertical setting of conduit 2015 is in drilling 6, there is clearance S in the inner wall that conduit 2014 inserted conduit 2015 and with conduit 2015 for aqueduct 2014, layering water barrier bag 2011 cover is established in the middle section of conduit 2015, the upper and lower end that the layering water barrier bag 2011 all is connected with the outer wall seal of conduit 2015.
Referring to fig. 6, the water guiding tube 2014 and the wire guiding tube 2015 are arranged on the inner side of the layered water-stop bag 2011, and a water passing hole 2013 is formed in the tube wall, and the gap S is separated from the water passing hole 2013 by the side wall around the water passing hole 2013. The water conduit 2014 and the wire conduit 2015 of two adjacent layered risers 201 are connected through the adapter 202.
A source projecting system 1 is arranged on a conduit 2015 at the upper end of each layered water-insulating bag 2011, referring to fig. 10, the source projecting system 1 comprises an annular source projecting device 102 and an underground source projecting pipe 103, the annular source projecting device 102 is of an annular tubular structure sleeved on the conduit 2015, a plurality of source projecting holes 101 are formed in the annular source projecting device 102, and the source projecting holes 101 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular source projecting device 102.
One end of the underground source casting pipe 103 is connected to the annular source casting device 102, the other end of the underground source casting pipe passes through the wire conduit 2015 and extends into the gap S, the underground source casting pipe 103 of the uppermost source casting system 1 is connected with the corresponding ground surface source casting pipe 401, and the rest underground source casting pipes 103 pass through the adapter 202 and are connected with the corresponding ground surface source casting pipes 401.
Every the top of layering water proof bag 2011 all is provided with collection system 3, see fig. 9, collection system 3 includes evenly arranging a plurality of sensors around conduit 2015, every sensor cable conductor passes conduit 2015 and stretches into clearance S, the sensor cable conductor of the collection system 3 of top is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth ' S surface, all the other collection system 3 ' S sensor cable conductor passes adapter 202 and is connected with the monitoring instrument on earth ' S surface, the top at corresponding layering water proof bag 2011 is fixed to a plurality of sensors of every collection system 3, inflation after the layering water proof bag 2011 water injection, opening of its top surface can drive the scattering of sensor.
The uppermost water conduit 2014 is connected with the Y-shaped tee 404, and the lowermost conduit 2015 is connected with the counterweight hammer 5.
During monitoring, the vacuum pump 410 is adopted to pump out air inside the monitoring device, the layered water-proof bags 2011 shrink, the counterweight hammer 5 drives the device to sink into the drill hole 6, the pressure water pump drains water to the layered water-proof bags 2011, the layered water-proof bags 2011 expand and extrude with the inner wall of the drill hole 6, a fixed amount of tracer solution is thrown into underground water of each layer through the source throwing system 1, and the acquisition system 3 measures the initial value and the change value of each layer of underground water parameter of the drill hole 6 and analyzes and processes data.
Example 4:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as embodiment 3, further, refer to fig. 7 or 8, the adapter 202 is a vertically arranged cylinder structure, the upper and lower ends of the adapter 202 are both provided with an annular groove 2024 for the insertion of a conduit 2015, the adapter 202 is provided with a conduit connecting hole 2023 for the insertion of a conduit 2014, and the conduit connecting hole 2023 runs through the upper and lower ends of the adapter 202 and is coaxial with the adapter 202.
The adapter 202 is provided with M cable grooves 2021 and M source throwing grooves 2022, and the cable grooves 2021 and the source throwing grooves 2022 penetrate through the upper end and the lower end of the adapter 202 and are located between the water guide pipe connecting hole 2023 and the annular groove 2024.
The conduit 2015 and the conduit 2014 above the adapter 202 are respectively embedded into the annular groove 2024 at the upper end of the adapter 202 and the upper end of the conduit connecting hole 2023, and the conduit 2015 and the conduit 2014 below the adapter 202 are respectively embedded into the annular groove 2024 at the lower end of the adapter 202 and the lower end of the conduit connecting hole 2023.
The underground source pipe 103 in the gap S passes through the source groove 2022 and is connected with the corresponding surface source pipe 401, and the sensor cable passes through the cable groove 2021 and is connected with the monitoring instrument at the surface.
Example 5:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and further, the groundwater parameters measured by the acquisition system 3 include salinity, conductivity and temperature.
Example 6:
the main structure of this example is the same as example 3, and further, the tracer solution is a sodium chloride solution.
Example 7:
the main structure of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 3, and further, the conduit 2015 is connected with the counterweight hammer 5 by screw threads.
Claims (9)
1. Groundwater layering monitoring devices based on dilution method, its characterized in that: the system comprises a source throwing system (1), a layered water-resisting system (2), an acquisition system (3), a control system (4) and a counterweight hammer (5);
the control system (4) comprises a ground surface source throwing pipe (401), a ground surface water guide pipe (402), a source throwing water tank (413) and a water filling water tank (414);
the source water tank (413) and the water injection water tank (414) are both arranged on the ground surface, a source water pump is arranged in the source water tank (413), the source water pump is connected with a source shunt joint (403) outside the source water tank (413) through a guide pipe, and a digital pressure gauge (407) is arranged on the guide pipe between the source water pump and the source shunt joint (403);
the source throwing flow splitting joint (403) is connected with M surface source throwing pipes (401), each surface source throwing pipe (401) is provided with an intelligent flowmeter (406) and a valve (408), and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2;
a pressure water pump is arranged in the water injection water tank (414), an earth surface water guide pipe (402) extends into the water injection water tank (414) and is connected with the pressure water pump, and a digital pressure gauge (407), a valve (408) and a flowmeter (409) are arranged on the earth surface water guide pipe (402); the other surface water guide pipe (402) is connected with a vacuum pump (410), and a valve (408) is arranged on the surface water guide pipe (402); the two surface water guide pipes (402) are connected by adopting a Y-shaped tee joint (404);
the layered water-resisting system (2) comprises M layered water-resisting devices (201) and N adapters (202), wherein M-N is 1;
the layered water-resisting device (201) comprises a layered water-resisting bag (2011), a water through hole (2013), a water guide pipe (2014) and a conduit (2015), the conduit (2015) is vertically arranged in a drilled hole (6), the water guide pipe (2014) is inserted into the conduit (2015) and has a gap S with the inner wall of the conduit (2015), the layered water-resisting bag (2011) is sleeved at the middle section of the conduit (2015), and the upper end and the lower end of the layered water-resisting bag (2011) are hermetically connected with the outer wall of the conduit (2015);
the water guide pipe (2014) and the wire guide pipe (2015) are positioned on the pipe wall on the inner side of the layered water-insulation bag (2011) and are provided with water through holes (2013), and the side walls around the water through holes (2013) separate a gap S from the water through holes (2013); the water guide pipes (2014) and the wire guide pipes (2015) of two adjacent layered risers (201) are connected through a joint (202);
a source throwing system (1) is arranged on a conduit (2015) at the upper end of each layered water-insulating bag (2011), the source throwing system (1) comprises an annular source throwing device (102) and an underground source throwing tube (103), the annular source throwing device (102) is of an annular tubular structure sleeved on the conduit (2015), a plurality of source throwing holes (101) are formed in the annular source throwing device (102), and the source throwing holes (101) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular source throwing device (102);
one end of the underground source casting pipe (103) is connected into the annular source casting device (102), the other end of the underground source casting pipe penetrates through the wire guide pipe (2015) and extends into the gap S, the underground source casting pipe (103) of the uppermost source casting system (1) is connected with the corresponding ground surface source casting pipe (401), and the rest underground source casting pipes (103) penetrate through the adapter (202) and are connected with the corresponding ground surface source casting pipes (401);
each acquisition system (3) is arranged above each layered water-insulating bag (2011), each acquisition system (3) comprises a plurality of sensors uniformly arranged around a conduit (2015), each sensor cable penetrates through the conduit (2015) and extends into the gap S, the sensor cable of the uppermost acquisition system (3) is connected with a monitoring instrument on the earth surface, the sensor cables of the rest acquisition systems (3) penetrate through an adapter (202) and are connected with the monitoring instrument on the earth surface, and the sensors of each acquisition system (3) are fixed at the top of the corresponding layered water-insulating bag (2011);
the water guide pipe (2014) at the uppermost end is connected with the Y-shaped tee joint (404), and the wire guide pipe (2015) at the lowermost end is connected with the counterweight hammer (5);
during monitoring, the vacuum pump (410) is adopted to pump out air inside the monitoring device, the layered water-isolating bags (2011) are contracted, the counterweight hammer (5) drives the device to sink into the drill hole (6), the pressure water pump discharges water to the layered water-isolating bags (2011), the layered water-isolating bags (2011) are expanded and extruded with the inner wall of the drill hole (6), a fixed amount of tracer solution is thrown into underground water of each layer through the source throwing system (1), and the acquisition system (3) measures the initial value and the change value of each layer of underground water parameters of the drill hole (6) and analyzes and processes data.
2. A dilution method based groundwater stratification monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the adapter (202) is of a vertically arranged cylindrical structure, annular grooves (2024) for embedding the wire conduit (2015) are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the adapter (202), a water guide pipe connecting hole (2023) for embedding the water guide pipe (2014) is formed in the adapter (202), and the water guide pipe connecting hole (2023) penetrates through the upper end and the lower end of the adapter (202) and is coaxial with the adapter (202);
the adapter (202) is provided with M cable grooves (2021) and M source throwing grooves (2022), and the cable grooves (2021) and the source throwing grooves (2022) penetrate through the upper end and the lower end of the adapter (202) and are located between the aqueduct connecting holes (2023) and the annular grooves (2024);
the wire conduit (2015) and the water conduit (2014) above the adapter (202) are respectively embedded into the annular groove (2024) at the upper end of the adapter (202) and the upper end of the water conduit connecting hole (2023), and the wire conduit (2015) and the water conduit (2014) below the adapter (202) are respectively embedded into the annular groove (2024) at the lower end of the adapter (202) and the lower end of the water conduit connecting hole (2023);
an underground source throwing pipe (103) positioned in the gap S passes through the source throwing groove (2022) and is connected with a corresponding earth surface source throwing pipe (401), and a sensor cable passes through the cable groove (2021) and is connected with a monitoring instrument at the earth surface.
3. A dilution-based groundwater stratification monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the parameters of the underground water measured by the acquisition system (3) comprise salinity, conductivity and temperature.
4. A dilution-based groundwater stratification monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the tracer solution is a sodium chloride solution.
5. A dilution method based groundwater stratification monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the wire conduit (2015) is in threaded connection with the counterweight hammer (5).
6. A groundwater stratification monitoring method based on a dilution method, based on the device of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) determining the position and the number of the detected aquifers according to geological survey data, and further determining the value of M;
2) determining a length of a conduit (2015) in each of the layered risers (201);
3) m layered water separators (201) are connected together by adopting N adapters (202) to form a layered water separation system (2), the bottom end of the layered water separation system (2) is connected with a counterweight hammer (5), the upper end of each underground source throwing pipe (103) is connected with a corresponding earth surface source throwing pipe (401), and a water guide pipe (2014) at the top end is connected with a Y-shaped tee joint (404);
4) opening a valve (408) on a ground surface water guide pipe (402) connected with the vacuum pump (410), closing other valves (408), starting the vacuum pump (410), pumping out air in the device, enabling each layered water-insulating bag (2011) to contract, and sinking the device into a drill hole (6) by using the self weight of a counterweight hammer;
5) closing valves (408) on the surface water guide pipe (402) connected with the vacuum pump (410), opening other valves (408), starting a pressure water pump, pumping water in the water injection water tank (414) into each layered water-insulation bag (2011), and expanding the layered water-insulation bags (2011) along the horizontal direction and extruding the layered water-insulation bags with the inner wall of the drill hole (6);
6) observing the numerical value of a digital pressure gauge (407) on the surface water guide pipe (402), and closing the pressure water pump after the numerical value is stable;
7) starting a plurality of sensors of the acquisition system (3), measuring the salinity, the conductivity and the temperature of underground water of each layer in the three groups of drill holes (6), and carrying out average processing on recorded data to serve as initial values;
8) setting a fixed value of the output flow of each intelligent flowmeter (406), starting a source-throwing water pump, throwing tracer solution, and closing the source-throwing water pump when the flow of the intelligent flowmeter (406) reaches the set fixed value;
9) recording data output by the sensor after the tracer solution is put in real time and analyzing the data;
10) and after the conductivity of the underground water recovers the initial value, repeating the steps 8) -9) for three times, and carrying out average value treatment on the three groups of flow velocity values and the flow direction values.
7. A dilution-based groundwater stratification monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein: the groundwater permeation flow rate is calculated using the following formula:
in the formula: r is1Is the borehole radius; r is0Is the outer diameter of the water conduit (2014); alpha is a flow field distortion correction coefficient caused by the drill hole (6) in the aquifer, and 2 is taken; t is the measurement time; n is a radical of0And N is each t ═Tracer concentrations at time 0 and t.
8. A dilution-based groundwater stratification monitoring method according to claim 7, wherein: said N is0And N is the average value of the tracer concentration of a plurality of sensors in the same layer at the time t-0 and t respectively.
9. A dilution-based groundwater stratification monitoring method according to claim 6, wherein: and judging the flow direction of the underground water by using a vector superposition method, determining the vector corresponding to the underground water and each sensor by using the difference value of the conductivity detected by each sensor as the vector magnitude and the direction from the conduit (2015) to each sensor as the vector direction, wherein the direction obtained by superposing the vectors is the flow direction of the underground water in one layer.
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