JP2011168806A - Metal nanoparticle and method for producing the same - Google Patents
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- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical group CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical compound [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- FQRNHGHJKMFHQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].[O-][N+](=O)N[N+]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Pt].[O-][N+](=O)N[N+]([O-])=O FQRNHGHJKMFHQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SNPHNDVOPWUNON-UHFFFAOYSA-J platinum(4+);tetrabromide Chemical compound [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+4] SNPHNDVOPWUNON-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は金属ナノ粒子とその製造方法に関し、さらに具体的には、分枝状構造を有する金属ナノ粒子とその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to metal nanoparticles and a method for producing the same, and more specifically to metal nanoparticles having a branched structure and a method for producing the same.
近年粒子サイズが１００ｎｍ以下の金属ナノ粒子が、同種のバルク金属が有する物性とは異なる物性を有したり、体積に比してきわめて大きな表面積を有していたりするなど、その有するナノ粒子特有の特徴の活用に大きな期待が集まり、触媒を始め、工業分野における利用可能性が期待され、多くの改善が提案されている。 In recent years, metal nanoparticles with a particle size of 100 nm or less have physical properties different from those of the same kind of bulk metal, or have a very large surface area relative to the volume. There are great expectations for the use of features, and the possibility of use in the industrial field including catalysts is expected, and many improvements have been proposed.
たとえば、白金などの貴金属を利用する活用分野では体積に対する表面積の大きさに注目され、触媒への利用が進められている。 For example, in the field of utilization using noble metals such as platinum, attention is focused on the size of the surface area relative to the volume, and the utilization for catalysts is being promoted.
貴金属のナノ粒子を工業利用する場合、その性能の高さに期待が集まると同時に、コストが高いことが問題になる。例えば白金を使用していた触媒のための物質として白金を代替する物質の発明を試みたり、白金の使用量を減らすなど、コスト低減が期待されている。 In the case of industrial use of noble metal nanoparticles, high performance is expected and at the same time high cost becomes a problem. For example, attempts are being made to invent a substance that substitutes platinum as a substance for a catalyst that uses platinum, and reductions in cost are expected, such as reducing the amount of platinum used.
このために、金属ナノ粒子をネット状に形成しようとしたが粒子サイズと形状の制御が困難なため実用レベルのナノ粒子が得られなかったり、金属ナノ粒子を担持する単体に金属ナノ粒子の骨格を形成して金属ナノ粒子を形成しようとしたがやはり粒子サイズと形状の制御ができずに実用レベルの金属ナノ粒子が得られないという事情がある。 For this reason, we tried to form metal nanoparticles in the form of nets, but it was difficult to control the size and shape of the particles, so we could not obtain practical level nanoparticles, or the skeleton of metal nanoparticles on a single body carrying metal nanoparticles Attempts were made to form metal nanoparticles, but the size and shape of the particles could not be controlled, and metal nanoparticles of a practical level could not be obtained.
本発明は係る事情に鑑みてなされたもので、本発明の目的は、金属ナノ粒子の表面積がその体積に比してきわめて大きく、触媒作用などその使用目的におけるナノ粒子としての作用効果が大きく、コロイド状態での粒子サイズと形状を安定に制御でき、材料費も含めた製造コストの安い金属ナノ粒子を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances concerned, the purpose of the present invention is that the surface area of the metal nanoparticles is extremely large compared to its volume, and the action and effects as nanoparticles for its intended use, such as catalytic action, The object is to provide metal nanoparticles that can stably control the particle size and shape in a colloidal state and are low in production cost including material costs.
課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、金属ナノ粒子を分枝状の形状に作製したことにあり、本発明の例としての第１の発明（以下、発明１という）は、分枝状に形成されている金属ナノ粒子において、前記分枝を構成する複数の枝の部分が粒子サイズが１００ｎｍ以下の金属ナノ粒子の形状（以下、要素ナノ粒子という）あるいはそれを複数個接続した状態に形成されている形状であるとともに、複数の前記枝を構成する前記要素ナノ粒子が、透過型電子顕微鏡（以下、ＴＥＭという）によって撮影される写真（以下、ＴＥＭ写真という）において前記枝の長さ方向の寸法をＬとし、最大寸法をＬｍとし、前記長さ方向に直交する方向の寸法をＤとし、その最大寸法をＤｍとし、他の要素ナノ粒子と接続状態にある部分の寸法ＤをＤｃとするとき、ＤｃはＬｍより小さく、ＤｃはＤｍより小さく、複数の枝の少なくとも先端部分にある前記要素ナノ粒子がＴＥＭ写真において互いに平行な干渉縞を示す結晶構造を有していることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 The present invention made to solve the problem lies in that metal nanoparticles are produced in a branched shape, and the first invention (hereinafter referred to as Invention 1) as an example of the present invention is branched. In the metal nanoparticles formed on the metal nanoparticles, the plurality of branches constituting the branches are in the shape of metal nanoparticles having a particle size of 100 nm or less (hereinafter referred to as element nanoparticles) or in a state where a plurality of them are connected. The length of the branch in a photograph (hereinafter referred to as a TEM photograph) in which the element nanoparticles constituting the plurality of branches are photographed by a transmission electron microscope (hereinafter referred to as a TEM photograph). The dimension in the direction is L, the maximum dimension is Lm, the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the length direction is D, the maximum dimension is Dm, and the dimension D of the portion connected to other element nanoparticles is Dc. When Dc is smaller than Lm, Dc is smaller than Dm, and the element nanoparticles at least at the tips of a plurality of branches have a crystal structure showing interference fringes parallel to each other in a TEM photograph. Metal nanoparticles.
発明１を展開してなされた第２の発明（以下、発明２という）は、発明１に記載の金属ナノ粒子において、前記ＤｍがＬｍよりも小さいことを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 A second invention (hereinafter referred to as Invention 2) made by developing Invention 1 is a metal nanoparticle according to Invention 1, wherein Dm is smaller than Lm.
発明１または２を展開してなされた第３の発明（以下、発明３という）は、発明１に記載の金属ナノ粒子において、前記要素金属の少なくとも一部が分散剤に覆われていることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 A third invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 3) made by developing invention 1 or 2 is that in the metal nanoparticles according to invention 1, at least a part of the element metal is covered with a dispersant. It is a featured metal nanoparticle.
発明３を展開してなされた第４の発明（以下、発明４という）は、発明２に記載の金属ナノ粒子において、前記分散剤がメトキシポリ（オキシエチレン／オキシプロピレン）−２−プロピルアミンＣＨ３０（ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）ａ［ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）］ｂＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）ＮＨ２においてａ＝１８．６，ｂ＝１．６の分散剤であることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 A fourth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 4) made by developing invention 3 is the metal nanoparticle according to invention 2, wherein the dispersant is methoxypoly (oxyethylene / oxypropylene) -2-propylamine CH30 ( OCH2CH2) a [OCH2CH (CH3)] b A metal nanoparticle characterized by being a dispersant of a = 18.6 and b = 1.6 in OCH2CH (CH3) NH2.
発明１〜４を展開してなされた第５の発明（以下、発明５という）は、発明１〜４に記載の金属ナノ粒子において、前記金属が白金であることを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 A fifth invention (hereinafter referred to as invention 5) made by developing inventions 1 to 4 is a metal nanoparticle according to inventions 1 to 4, wherein the metal is platinum. is there.
発明１〜５を展開してなされた第６の発明（以下、発明６という）は、発明１〜５に記載の金属ナノ粒子において、前記金属ナノ粒子は湿式還元法によって形成される過程において、金属ナノ粒子を成長させる反応液から金属ナノ粒子が前記要素ナノ粒子の状態に成長したもの同士が複数個接続して粒子全体が分枝状の構造を有するように構成されたことを特徴とする金属ナノ粒子である。 A sixth invention made by developing the inventions 1 to 5 (hereinafter referred to as invention 6) is the metal nanoparticles according to inventions 1 to 5, wherein the metal nanoparticles are formed by a wet reduction method. A plurality of metal nanoparticles grown from the reaction solution for growing metal nanoparticles in the state of the element nanoparticles are connected to each other, and the entire particle has a branched structure. Metal nanoparticles.
課題を解決するためになされた本発明の例としての第７の発明は、前記発明１〜６に記載の金属ナノ粒子を作製する製造工程において、分散剤として、ブロックコポリマーの一級アミンのメトキシポリ（オキシエチレン／オキシプロピレン）−２−プロピルアミンＣＨ３Ｏ（ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）ａ［ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）］ｂＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）ＮＨ２（ここに、ａ＝１８．６，ｂ＝１．６）を用いることを特徴とする分枝状の構造を有する金属ナノ粒子の製造方法である。 A seventh invention as an example of the present invention, which has been made to solve the problem, is a methoxypoly (1) block copolymer primary amine as a dispersant in the production process for producing the metal nanoparticles according to the first to sixth inventions. Oxyethylene / oxypropylene) -2-propylamine CH3O (OCH2CH2) a [OCH2CH (CH3)] bOCH2CH (CH3) NH2 (where a = 18.6, b = 1.6) This is a method for producing metal nanoparticles having a branched structure.
本発明の金属ナノ粒子は、構成の基本要素ともいえる要素ナノ粒子が複数個接続した状態の枝が多数集まって多枝状になっている形状をしており、従ってその体積に対する表面積がきわめて大きく、たとえば本発明による白金ナノ粒子を電池の電極に触媒として用いた場合、枝構造になっているためナノ粒子内部まで電解液が入り込むことができ、同じ外形を有する従来のナノ粒子に比較して白金の量がきわめて少ないのに加えて電解液と接する白金の表面積は従来の白金ナノ粒子に比してきわめて大きいため、同じ外形寸法の従来の白金ナノ粒子に比べてきわめて大きな触媒作用を発揮することができる上に、白金の量が少なく材料コストが大幅に低減され、形状寸法の制御も確実にでき、製造歩留まりも高く、材料費を含めた製造コストを大幅に低減することができるという大きな効果を奏するものである。 The metal nanoparticles of the present invention have a multi-branched shape in which a plurality of branches in a state where a plurality of element nanoparticles, which can be said to be basic elements of construction, are gathered, and therefore the surface area with respect to the volume is extremely large. For example, when the platinum nanoparticle according to the present invention is used as a catalyst for a battery electrode, the electrolyte solution can enter the inside of the nanoparticle because it has a branch structure, compared with the conventional nanoparticle having the same external shape. In addition to the very small amount of platinum, the surface area of platinum in contact with the electrolyte is much larger than that of conventional platinum nanoparticles, so it has a much larger catalytic effect than conventional platinum nanoparticles with the same external dimensions. In addition, the amount of platinum is small and the material cost is greatly reduced, the shape and dimension can be controlled reliably, the manufacturing yield is high, and the manufacturing cost including the material cost is included. It is intended to achieve the great advantage of being able to greatly reduce.
以下、本発明の実施の形態例として、本発明を白金ナノ粒子に適用した実施例を説明する。 Hereinafter, examples in which the present invention is applied to platinum nanoparticles will be described as embodiments of the present invention.
好ましい例として、白金原料としての前駆体としてジニトロアミン白金溶液を用いた。分散剤として、ブロックコポリマーの一級アミンのメトキシポリ（オキシエチレン／オキシプロピレン）−２−プロピルアミンＣＨ３Ｏ（ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ２）ａ［ＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）］ｂＯＣＨ２ＣＨ（ＣＨ３）ＮＨ２（ここに、ａ＝１８．６，ｂ＝１．６）（たとえば、製品名：ハンツマン社製ジェファーミン（登録商標）Ｍ−１０００）（以下、Ｍ−１０００という）を用い、溶媒兼還元剤としてエチレングリコール（以下、ＥＧという）とポリエチレングリコール（以下、ＰＥＧという）を１対１に混合したものを用い、加熱環境下におけるアルコール還元を行って本発明の白金ナノ粒子を作製することができる。。 As a preferred example, a dinitroamine platinum solution was used as a precursor as a platinum raw material. As a dispersant, the primary amine methoxypoly (oxyethylene / oxypropylene) -2-propylamine CH3O (OCH2CH2) a [OCH2CH (CH3)] bOCH2CH (CH3) NH2 (where a = 18.6, b = 1.6) (for example, product name: Jeffamine (registered trademark) M-1000 manufactured by Huntsman) (hereinafter referred to as M-1000), ethylene glycol (hereinafter referred to as EG) and polyethylene as a solvent and reducing agent The platinum nanoparticles of the present invention can be produced by reducing alcohol in a heating environment using a mixture of glycol (hereinafter referred to as PEG) in a one-to-one relationship. .
具体的例として、まず、溶媒兼分散媒としてＥＧ２００ｇと分子量が４００のＰＥＧ１８０ｇとＥＧで濃度５０％にしておいたＭ−１０００混合液４０ｇとを混合した混合液（以下、混合液１という）を１５０°Ｃに加熱しておき、この加熱した混合液１にこれとは別に混合して調製しておいた前記前駆体（白金１ｇ含有）とＭ−１０００と１対１ＥＧ／ＰＥＧ混合液との混合液（以下、混合液２という）を少しずつ滴下して還元反応を進める。 As a specific example, first, a mixed solution (hereinafter referred to as a mixed solution 1) in which 200 g of EG as a solvent and dispersion medium, 180 g of PEG having a molecular weight of 400, and 40 g of an M-1000 mixed solution having a concentration of 50% by EG is mixed. The precursor (containing 1 g of platinum) prepared separately by mixing with the heated mixture 1 before being heated to 150 ° C., M-1000, and a 1: 1 EG / PEG mixture. A mixed solution (hereinafter, referred to as “mixed solution 2”) is dropped little by little to advance the reduction reaction.
前記混合液１に混合液２を滴下する好適な速度は、１５０°Ｃの前記混合液１に攪拌しながら前記混合液２を毎分３２０μＬの速度で約９時間滴下し、その後これに、８０ｇのＰＥＧと８０ｇのＥＧと４０ｇの５０％Ｍ−１０００（ＥＧで５０％濃度にしてあるもの）の混合液を毎分３００μＬの速度で滴下して還元反応を進め、約１０時間で前記白金１ｇの還元反応を行わせた。 A suitable speed at which the mixed liquid 2 is dropped into the mixed liquid 1 is dripped into the mixed liquid 1 at 150 ° C. with stirring at a rate of 320 μL per minute for about 9 hours, and then 80 g PEG, 80 g of EG and 40 g of 50% M-1000 (EG 50% concentration) was added dropwise at a rate of 300 μL / min to proceed the reduction reaction. The reduction reaction was carried out.
その結果、図１に示す分枝状白金ナノ粒子を作製することができた。図１、図２は前記実施例によって作製した本発明の金属ナノ粒子の実施の形態例としての白金ナノ粒子のＴＥＭ写真で、図中に５ｎｍを示す線分が記載されている。 As a result, the branched platinum nanoparticles shown in FIG. 1 could be produced. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are TEM photographs of platinum nanoparticles as an embodiment of the metal nanoparticles of the present invention produced according to the above-mentioned examples, and a line segment showing 5 nm is shown in the figures.
図１において、図の中心部分を含んで主要部分の白金ナノ粒子は、図では明確に現れていないが中心部近傍にある核部の周囲に枝状に見える周辺部構成要素（枝部）が複数本ついている構造に形成されている。各枝部は、回転楕円体の如き要素ナノ粒子が１つもしくは複数個連なった状態になって前記核部に連なった状態になり、本発明の分枝状白金ナノ粒子を形成している。 In FIG. 1, the main part of the platinum nanoparticles including the central part of the figure is not clearly shown in the figure, but peripheral components (branches) that appear as branches around the core part in the vicinity of the central part. It is formed in a structure with multiple lines. Each branch part is in a state where one or a plurality of element nanoparticles such as spheroids are connected and connected to the core part to form the branched platinum nanoparticles of the present invention.
図２で符号１は白金ナノ粒子、２〜４は要素ナノ粒子、５は核部がある位置を説明する符号、６は本発明の白金ナノ粒子に成長していない単独ナノ粒子である。要素ナノ粒子２〜４には、写真で見えにくいが、図１に見られるような、結晶性を示す同一方向に揃った干渉縞が現れている。 In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 is a platinum nanoparticle, 2 to 4 are element nanoparticles, 5 is a reference numeral for explaining the position where the core is located, and 6 is a single nanoparticle that is not grown on the platinum nanoparticle of the present invention. In the element nanoparticles 2 to 4, interference fringes aligned in the same direction showing crystallinity as seen in FIG.
図２の白金ナノ粒子１は、多くの要素ナノ粒子が符号５で示した部分の近傍にある核部を中心に枝状に集まってひとまとまりの白金ナノ粒子を形成している。このような形態の白金ナノ粒子は、その体積に比較して表面積がきわめて大きくなっている。しかも、２５０°Ｃの高温下でも凝集せずに安定に存在することができる。 In the platinum nanoparticle 1 of FIG. 2, many element nanoparticles are gathered in a branch shape around a core portion in the vicinity of a portion indicated by reference numeral 5 to form a group of platinum nanoparticles. Such a form of platinum nanoparticles has a very large surface area compared to its volume. Moreover, it can exist stably without agglomeration even at a high temperature of 250 ° C.
図１，図２の白金ナノ粒子は、超音波をかけていない状態で反応させたが、要素ナノ粒子の寸法と形状は超音波の周波数、パワーなどによっても異なり、反応条件によって変えることができる。 The platinum nanoparticles shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 were reacted without applying ultrasonic waves, but the size and shape of the element nanoparticles differed depending on the frequency and power of the ultrasonic waves and could be changed depending on the reaction conditions. .
以上、白金原料としての前駆体としてジニトロアミン白金を用いたが、白金原料としての前駆体としては、このほかに、ヘキサヘドロキソ白金、ヘキサクロロ白金酸塩、テトラクロロ白金酸塩、テトラブロモ白金酸塩、テトラアンミン白金酸塩、ヘキサアンミン白金水酸塩、ビスオキサラト白金酸塩などがある。 As described above, dinitroamine platinum was used as a precursor as a platinum raw material. In addition to this, as a precursor as a platinum raw material, hexahedroxoplatinum, hexachloroplatinate, tetrachloroplatinate, tetrabromoplatinate , Tetraammineplatinate, hexaammineplatinum hydrate, and bisoxalatoplatinate.
本発明は白金に限定されず、他の金属ナノ粒子に適用することができるものである。 The present invention is not limited to platinum, but can be applied to other metal nanoparticles.
本発明は、自動車、電池、エレクトロニクス、バイオテクノロジー、機能性材料などの各業界等広い分野の工業的発展に大きく寄与するという多大な効果を奏するものである。 The present invention has a great effect that it greatly contributes to industrial development in a wide range of industries such as automobiles, batteries, electronics, biotechnology, functional materials and the like.
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