JP2011167746A - Beam-welded member and differential gear equipped with the same - Google Patents
Beam-welded member and differential gear equipped with the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、例えば自動車の差動装置等の機械装置における２つの構成部材同士を接合するビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置に関する。特に、部材とこの部材を内径部から支持する部材とが互いにビーム溶接されて構成されるビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a beam welding member that joins two constituent members in a mechanical device such as a differential device of an automobile, and a differential device including the beam welding member. In particular, the present invention relates to a beam welding member configured by beam welding a member and a member supporting the member from an inner diameter portion to each other, and a differential device including the beam welding member.
自動車等の車両の駆動出力側には、変速装置を介して伝達される動力を、車両の旋回時等の必要時に左右の車輪にそれぞれ対応する左右のドライブシャフトを介して動力を伝達する差動装置が設けられている。この差動装置は、動力が伝達される鋼製のデフリングギヤと、このデフリングギヤを内径部から支持してデフリングギヤと一体に回転する鋳鉄製のデフケースとを備える。 A differential that transmits the power transmitted through the transmission to the drive output side of a vehicle such as an automobile via the left and right drive shafts corresponding to the left and right wheels when the vehicle is turning, for example. A device is provided. The differential device includes a steel diff ring gear to which power is transmitted, and a cast iron diff case that supports the diff ring gear from an inner diameter portion and rotates integrally with the diff ring gear.
従来から、上記両者を、高張力ボルト等により結合することに代えて、高エネルギビームにより溶接結合するビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置が提案されている(特許文献１参照)。 Conventionally, a beam welding member that welds and joins both of the above by using a high-energy beam instead of using a high-tensile bolt or the like, and a differential device including the same have been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
これは、鋳造部品であるデフケースと肌焼き鋼から成るデフリングギヤとを溶接により結合する方法である。そして、先ず、加工の完了した両方の部品において、溶接準備のために溶接すべき面を少なくとも部分的に除去して、両者間に狭いＵ字状溝、Ｙ字状溝又はＶ字状溝からなる開先が形成されるようにする。次に、両方の部品を互いに継ぎ合わして、オーステナイト系のフィラーワイヤを補給しながら高エネルギビームにより溶接するようにしている。 This is a method of joining a differential case, which is a cast part, and a differential ring gear made of case-hardened steel by welding. First, in both parts that have been processed, the surface to be welded is at least partially removed for preparation for welding, and a narrow U-shaped groove, Y-shaped groove or V-shaped groove is interposed between the two. A groove is formed. Next, both parts are joined together and welded with a high energy beam while replenishing the austenitic filler wire.
上記従来例では、デフケースとデフリングギヤとの開先部を貫通溶接するために、開先の奥側(ビーム先端側)のデフケースとデフリングギヤとが接触した部分に、両者の表面を窪ませて形成した空間を設けている。しかしながら、この空間は、一方ではデフケースとデフリングギヤの開先により閉じられ、他方ではデフケースとデフリングギヤとが互いに中心軸を合わせるために圧入または焼き嵌めで嵌合して閉じられ、密閉された空間となっている。このため、レーザや電子ビーム等の高エネルギビームを開先部に照射して溶接した場合に、溶接時の熱で空間内部の空気が膨張し、膨張した気体は高エネルギビームにより溶融した溶接金属を開先部内へ押出すよう作用する。この結果、溶接金属の内周側が抉られた窪んだ状態となり、所謂アンダーフィルという、溶接欠陥を生じる。また、溶接の終盤では空間内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して、溶接金属に気孔の発生や溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じるという、溶接欠陥を発生する場合があった。 In the above conventional example, in order to weld through the groove portion between the differential case and the differential ring gear, the surface of the differential case and the differential ring gear on the back side (beam tip side) of the groove is recessed. A formed space is provided. However, this space is closed on the one hand by the groove of the diff case and the diff ring gear, and on the other hand, the diff case and the diff ring gear are closed by press fitting or shrink fitting in order to align the central axes of each other. It has become. For this reason, when welding is performed by irradiating a groove with a high energy beam such as a laser or an electron beam, the air inside the space expands due to heat during welding, and the expanded gas is a weld metal melted by the high energy beam. Acts to extrude into the groove. As a result, the inner peripheral side of the weld metal is indented and depressed, resulting in a so-called underfill welding defect. Also, at the end of welding, the gas inside the space pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and blows out, which may cause welding defects such as pores in the weld metal and irregular beads on the surface side of the weld bead. It was.
そこで本発明は、上記問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、溶接欠陥を防止するに好適なビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a beam welding member suitable for preventing welding defects and a differential device including the same.
本発明は、第１部材は第２部材の外周に内周部を嵌合させて支持され、第１部材と第２部材とが互いに当接する環状の面の一方側において外部空間に臨む端部に形成した溶接用開先部に、フィラーワイヤを供給しつつ溶接用開先部を貫通させて、前記溶接用開先部より奥側の第１，２部材間に設けた貫通空間に達する高エネルギビームによる貫通溶接により接合されたビーム溶接部材である。そして、前記第１，２部材の貫通溶接のための貫通空間が、第１部材若しくは第２部材に設けた連通孔を介して外部空間と連通されている。 In the present invention, the first member is supported by fitting the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the second member, and the end facing the external space on one side of the annular surface where the first member and the second member abut each other The welding groove portion formed on the welding groove portion is penetrated through the welding groove portion while supplying the filler wire, and reaches a penetration space provided between the first and second members on the back side from the welding groove portion. It is a beam welding member joined by penetration welding with an energy beam. And the penetration space for penetration welding of said 1st, 2nd member is connected with external space via the communicating hole provided in the 1st member or the 2nd member.
したがって、本発明では、第１，２部材の溶接用開先部の奥側に形成される貫通溶接のための貫通空間が、第１部材若しくは第２部材に設けた連通孔を介して外部空間と連通されている。このため、ビーム溶接時に貫通空間内の気体が膨張しても外部空間へ連通孔を介して排出されて内圧が上昇することがなく、内圧上昇に伴う溶接金属の内周側が抉られた窪んだ状態となる、所謂アンダーフィルという、溶接欠陥を防止できる。また、溶接の終盤では空間内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して、溶接金属に気孔の発生や溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じるという、溶接欠陥の発生も防止できる。 Therefore, in the present invention, the penetration space for penetration welding formed on the back side of the welding groove portion of the first and second members is an external space via the communication hole provided in the first member or the second member. Communicated with. For this reason, even if the gas in the through space expands during beam welding, the internal pressure does not increase by being discharged to the external space through the communication hole, and the inner peripheral side of the weld metal is raised by the increase in the internal pressure. It is possible to prevent welding defects such as so-called underfill. Further, in the final stage of welding, the gas in the space pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and blows out, so that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects such as generation of pores in the weld metal and irregular beads on the surface side of the weld bead.
以下、本発明のビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置を各実施形態に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, a beam welding member of the present invention and a differential equipped with the same will be described based on each embodiment.
（第１実施形態）
図１〜図７は、本発明を適用したビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置の第１実施形態を示し、図１は適用しようとする差動装置の概略断面図を示し、図２〜図７は第１〜６実施例を夫々示す図である。
(First embodiment)
1 to 7 show a first embodiment of a beam welding member to which the present invention is applied and a differential device provided with the same, FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the differential device to be applied, and FIG. FIG. 7 shows the first to sixth embodiments.
図１において、ビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１は、エンジン等からの動力が伝達される第１部材としての鋼製のデフリングギヤ２と、このデフリングギヤ２を支持してデフリングギヤ２と一体に回転する鋳鉄製のデフケース３とを備えている。デフケース３は、図示しないが、ハウジングに回転可能に支持されている。そして、ベベルギヤからなる一対のピニオンメイトギヤとこのピニオンメイトギヤと噛合いするベベルギヤからなる左右のサイドギヤとからなるディファレンシャルギヤユニットを内蔵している。 In FIG. 1, a beam welding member and a differential device 1 having the beam welding member include a steel diff ring gear 2 as a first member to which power from an engine or the like is transmitted, and a diff ring gear 2 that supports the diff ring gear 2. 2 and a differential case 3 made of cast iron that rotates integrally with the base plate 2. Although not shown, the differential case 3 is rotatably supported by the housing. A differential gear unit comprising a pair of pinion mate gears made of bevel gears and left and right side gears made of bevel gears meshing with the pinion mate gears is incorporated.
そして、変速機等から出力がデフリングギヤ２に伝達されると、このデフリングギヤ２が回転するので、デフケース３も回転する。このデフケース３の回転により、デフケース３内に内蔵されているディファレンシャルギヤユニットのピニオンメイトギヤもデフケース３と一体に回転する。すると、ピニオンメイトギヤに噛合いする左右のサイドギヤが回転する。これにより、図示しない左右のドライブシャフトが回転し、これらのドライブシャフトに連結された左右の車輪（不図示）が回転する。この構成の差動装置１は、一般的に使用されている通常のものであり、車両左右の駆動車輪間に配置されるものの他、車両前後のファイナルドライブ装置間に配置されるセンタデファレンシャル装置にも適用されている。 When the output is transmitted from the transmission or the like to the differential ring gear 2, the differential ring 3 rotates, so that the differential case 3 also rotates. Due to the rotation of the differential case 3, the pinion mate gear of the differential gear unit built in the differential case 3 also rotates integrally with the differential case 3. Then, the left and right side gears that mesh with the pinion mate gear rotate. As a result, left and right drive shafts (not shown) rotate, and left and right wheels (not shown) connected to these drive shafts rotate. The differential device 1 having this configuration is a normal one that is generally used. In addition to the one that is disposed between the left and right drive wheels of the vehicle, the differential device 1 is a center differential device that is disposed between the front and rear final drive devices. Has also been applied.
前記差動装置１におけるデフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合は、デフリングギヤ２が繰り返し荷重および衝撃荷重を受けることから、高い接合強度（耐疲労強度、耐衝撃強度）が求められる。しかし、デフリングギヤ２を構成する表面焼入された鋼材とデフケース３を構成する鋳鉄若しくは鋳鋼との高強度接合が困難である。このため、一般的には、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との高強度接合として、所定数のボルトによるボルト接合が使用されている。 The differential gear 1 and the differential case 3 in the differential device 1 are required to have high joint strength (fatigue resistance and impact resistance) because the differential ring gear 2 receives repeated loads and impact loads. However, high-strength joining between the surface-hardened steel material constituting the differential ring gear 2 and the cast iron or cast steel constituting the differential case 3 is difficult. For this reason, generally, as a high-strength joint between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3, a bolt joint using a predetermined number of bolts is used.
しかし、差動装置１におけるデフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合として、ボルト接合を用いたのでは、差動装置１として８〜１２本くらいのボルトが使用される。このため、部品点数が多くコスト高となるばかりでなく、重量が重いものとなっている。特に、これらのボルトには荷重が繰り返しかかることから、その部品機能として耐疲労強度および耐衝撃強度等の高強度が求められるため、更に一層コスト高を招いてしまう。また、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３とを手作業でボルト仮付けを行った後、ボルト締め付け機でボルトを締めつけているため、作業工数が多くかかっている。更に、ボルトが他の部材との干渉を防止するために、ケースの狭い空間内にこれらのボルトの占有スペースが必要となっている。 However, when bolt connection is used as the connection between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 in the differential device 1, about 8 to 12 bolts are used as the differential device 1. For this reason, not only the number of parts is increased and the cost is increased, but also the weight is heavy. In particular, since these bolts are repeatedly loaded, high strength such as fatigue resistance and impact resistance is required as a function of the parts, which further increases the cost. Further, since the bolts are manually attached to the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 and then tightened with a bolt tightening machine, a large number of work steps are required. Furthermore, in order to prevent the bolts from interfering with other members, a space occupied by these bolts is required in a narrow space of the case.
そこで、本実施形態においては、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合にボルト接合を用いずに、高接合強度を得つつ、作業工数および部品点数をともに削減できるビーム溶接部材を提供するものである。更に本実施形態では、高接合強度を得つつ、占有スペースを低減して他の部材との干渉を防止して確実に動力を伝達することのできる差動装置１を提供するものである。 Therefore, in this embodiment, a beam welding member is provided that can reduce both the number of work steps and the number of parts while obtaining high joint strength without using bolt joint for joining the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3. . Furthermore, the present embodiment provides a differential device 1 capable of reliably transmitting power while reducing the occupied space and preventing interference with other members while obtaining high joint strength.
このために、前記デフケース３は、外周に前記デフリングギヤ２の内周面を嵌め合い支持する円筒面１１を、機械加工により形成する。また、この円筒面１１の端部において外周側に突出させてフランジ部１２を備える。このフランジ部１２の前記円筒面１１側の側面は、前記デフリングギヤ２を軸方向に位置決めをすると共にデフリングギヤ２に対して溶接すべき接合部１３を構成するよう機械加工している。 For this purpose, the differential case 3 is formed by machining a cylindrical surface 11 that fits and supports the inner peripheral surface of the differential ring gear 2 on the outer periphery. Further, a flange portion 12 is provided so as to protrude to the outer peripheral side at the end portion of the cylindrical surface 11. The side surface of the flange portion 12 on the cylindrical surface 11 side is machined so as to position the differential ring gear 2 in the axial direction and to form a joint portion 13 to be welded to the differential ring gear 2.
前記デフリングギヤ２は、リング状の鋼材により形成され、鋼材の一方の側面に形成されたテーパ状の(傘)歯車部２０を備える。前記歯車部２０は、車両の平面図より見て、デフケース３の軸心に対して直交する方向の軸（プロペラシャフト）から入力を受ける場合には、上記したように傘歯車となる。また、前記歯車部２０は、デフケース３の軸心に対して並行する方向の軸から入力を受ける場合には、デフリングギヤ２に設ける歯車部２０は平歯車が使用される。また、機械加工により、この歯車部２０の内周側に形成されてデフケース３の外周の円筒面１１に圧入嵌合する内周面２１と、歯車部２０の背面側に形成された接合部２３と、を有する。前記接合部２３は、デフケース３に設けたフランジ部１２に軸方向から当接して軸方向の位置決めすると共にそのフランジ部１２の接合部１３にビーム溶接される。本実施形態におけるデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２との結合面は、デフケース３の円筒面１１とデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１との圧入嵌合部と、デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２の接合部１３，２３同士のビーム溶接部と、よりなるＬ字状断面をなす。 The differential ring gear 2 is formed of a ring-shaped steel material and includes a tapered (bevel) gear portion 20 formed on one side surface of the steel material. The gear portion 20 becomes a bevel gear as described above when receiving an input from an axis (propeller shaft) in a direction orthogonal to the axial center of the differential case 3 as seen from a plan view of the vehicle. Further, when the gear portion 20 receives an input from an axis parallel to the axis of the differential case 3, a spur gear is used as the gear portion 20 provided in the differential ring gear 2. Further, by machining, an inner peripheral surface 21 formed on the inner peripheral side of the gear portion 20 and press-fitted into the cylindrical surface 11 on the outer periphery of the differential case 3, and a joint portion 23 formed on the back side of the gear portion 20. And having. The joint 23 abuts on the flange 12 provided on the differential case 3 in the axial direction and is positioned in the axial direction, and is beam-welded to the joint 13 of the flange 12. In the present embodiment, the coupling surface between the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 includes a press-fitting fitting portion between the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2, a joint portion 13 between the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, It has an L-shaped cross section composed of 23 beam welds.
図２は、本実施形態に係る第１実施例のビーム溶接部材の一例が適用された差動装置１におけるデフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合部１３，２３を模式的に示す。即ち、デフケース３の円筒面１１にデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１を圧入嵌合させ、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合部１３，２３同士を接触させてビーム溶接した状態を示す図である。 FIG. 2 schematically shows the joint portions 13 and 23 of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 in the differential gear 1 to which an example of the beam welding member of the first example according to the present embodiment is applied. In other words, the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 is press-fitted into the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3, and the joints 13 and 23 of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are brought into contact with each other to perform beam welding. .
図２に示すように、デフリングギヤ２およびデフケース３の接合部１３，２３は、機械加工により、夫々外周側に形成された開先部１４，２４を備える。また、開先部１４，２４よりも内周側において開先部１４，２４より軸方向に夫々後退させた端面により形成された空間形成部１５，２５を備える。 As shown in FIG. 2, the joint portions 13 and 23 of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 include groove portions 14 and 24 formed on the outer peripheral side by machining. In addition, space forming portions 15 and 25 are provided which are formed by end surfaces which are retreated in the axial direction from the groove portions 14 and 24 on the inner peripheral side of the groove portions 14 and 24, respectively.
前記ビーム溶接のための開先部１４，２４は、内周側において互いに当接される当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａと、この当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａの外周側においてテーパ状に切欠き形成したテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂと、を備える。 The groove portions 14 and 24 for beam welding are contact portions 14A and 24A that are in contact with each other on the inner peripheral side, and a taper that is formed by notching in a tapered shape on the outer peripheral side of the contact portions 14A and 24A. Sections 14B and 24B.
また、前記夫々の空間形成部１５，２５を構成する側面の内周側は、夫々隅Ｒおよび面取りを介して、デフケース３の円筒面１１及びデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に連なっている。また、空間形成部１５，２５を構成する側面の外周側は、夫々隅Ｒを介して、夫々前記開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａの内周端に連なるよう構成している。 Further, the inner peripheral sides of the side surfaces constituting the space forming portions 15 and 25 are connected to the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 through corners R and chamfers, respectively. Further, the outer peripheral sides of the side surfaces constituting the space forming portions 15 and 25 are configured to be connected to the inner peripheral ends of the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 through the corners R, respectively. .
従って、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合部１３，２３は、両者を接触させたビーム溶接前の状態では、開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士が接触される。そして、開先部１４，２４のテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂ同士は、内周に向けて狭まり、外周に向けて拡がるビーム溶接のための開先を形成する。また、内周側の空間形成部１５，２５は、溶接ビームを互いの開先部１４，２４を貫通させて受入れて、貫通溶接とするための貫通空間Ａを形成する。この貫通空間Ａは、開先部１４，２４の内周端からデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２との嵌合部分１１，２１までの範囲において、互いに接触することなく軸方向に離間している。 Therefore, the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 are brought into contact with each other in the joint portions 13 and 23 between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 in a state before beam welding in which both are in contact with each other. The tapered portions 14B and 24B of the groove portions 14 and 24 form a groove for beam welding that narrows toward the inner periphery and expands toward the outer periphery. The space forming portions 15 and 25 on the inner peripheral side receive the welding beam through the mutual groove portions 14 and 24 to form a through space A for through welding. The through space A is spaced apart in the axial direction without contacting each other in the range from the inner peripheral ends of the groove portions 14 and 24 to the fitting portions 11 and 21 between the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2.
また、デフケース３には、前記貫通空間Ａに外端が開口し内端がデフケース３内面に開口して半径方向に貫通する連通孔４０を備える。この連通孔４０は、例えば、φ３．０の孔で形成され、デフリングギヤ２のデフケース３への組立時にビーム溶接のための貫通空間Ａと外部空間とを連通させる。前記連通孔４０は、１本で形成しても複数本で形成してもよく、また、配置する円周方向位置はいずれの円周方向位置でもよい。 Further, the differential case 3 is provided with a communication hole 40 having an outer end opened in the through space A and an inner end opened on the inner surface of the differential case 3 so as to penetrate in the radial direction. The communication hole 40 is formed with, for example, a hole of φ3.0, and communicates the through space A for beam welding with the external space when the differential ring gear 2 is assembled to the differential case 3. The communication hole 40 may be formed by one or a plurality, and the circumferential position to be arranged may be any circumferential position.
前記デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との開先部１４，２４同士を接触させて、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供給しながら、レーザビーム若しくは電子ビーム等の高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する。このビーム溶接は、順次デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させて、開先の全周に渡って実施する。フィラーワイヤとデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先とが高エネルギビームにより溶融されて開先部１４，２４に溶接金属３０が形成され、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが開先部１４，２４で溶接される。同時に、溶接金属３０の軸方向両側のデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の母材部位に、夫々熱影響層３１が生じる。 While the groove portions 14 and 24 of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are brought into contact with each other and a filler wire is supplied to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, irradiation with a high energy beam such as a laser beam or an electron beam is performed. And beam welding. This beam welding is performed over the entire circumference of the groove by sequentially rotating the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 around the axis. The filler wire, the differential case 3 and the groove of the differential ring gear 2 are melted by a high energy beam to form a weld metal 30 in the groove portions 14 and 24, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are formed at the groove portions 14 and 24. Welded. At the same time, heat-affected layers 31 are generated in the base material portions of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 on both sides of the weld metal 30 in the axial direction.
そして、半径方向内周側に位置する貫通空間Ａは連通孔４０を介して外部空間に連通しているため、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、半径方向内周側に位置する貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張する。膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通孔４０を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 Since the through space A located on the radially inner peripheral side communicates with the external space via the communication hole 40, the through space A located on the radially inner peripheral side by irradiation with a high energy beam and welding heat. The air inside expands. The expanded gas flows out through the communication hole 40. Further, in the cooling process after welding, the outside air is introduced from the external space through the communication hole 40 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
図１１は、開先部１４，２４の内周に設ける貫通溶接のための貫通空間Ａを、開先の内周端に連ねて部分的に設けた閉空間に形成した比較例のビーム溶接後の状態を示している。即ち、貫通空間Ａは、半径方向外周側において開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士の接触により閉じられている。また、半径方向内周側においてデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２との端面同士の接触及びデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２との嵌合部分１１，２１の嵌り合いにより閉じられている。言い換えれば、貫通空間Ａは外部空間から遮断された閉空間となっている。 FIG. 11 shows a comparative example in which a penetration space A for penetration welding provided on the inner circumference of the groove portions 14 and 24 is formed in a closed space partially provided continuously to the inner circumference end of the groove. Shows the state. That is, the penetration space A is closed by contact between the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction. Further, the inner circumferential side is closed by contact between the end faces of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 and the fitting portions 11 and 21 between the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2. In other words, the through space A is a closed space that is blocked from the external space.
このため、比較例においては、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張するが、膨張した気体は高エネルギビームにより溶融した溶接金属３０を外周側に押出すよう作用する。この作用は、図１１に示すように、溶接金属３０の内周側が抉られた状態(図中のＢ参照)の、所謂アンダーフィルという、溶接欠陥を生じる。また、溶接の終盤では貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じるという、溶接欠陥を発生する。 For this reason, in the comparative example, the air in the through space A expands due to the irradiation of the high energy beam and the welding heat, but the expanded gas acts to push the weld metal 30 melted by the high energy beam to the outer peripheral side. To do. As shown in FIG. 11, this action causes a welding defect called so-called underfill in a state where the inner peripheral side of the weld metal 30 is beaten (see B in the figure). Further, in the final stage of welding, the gas inside the through space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and blows out to generate a welding defect in which an irregular bead is generated on the surface side of the weld bead.
これに対して、本実施例においては、上記したように、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 On the other hand, in the present embodiment, as described above, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. . For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
また、溶接後の溶接金属３０が冷えて固まる際には、溶接金属３０の体積が収縮し、周囲の母材（デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２）との間にある熱影響層３１付近に引張応力が発生する。しかし、本実施例においては、貫通空間Ａが、その内周側においてデフケース３の円筒面１１及びデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に拡大されている。このため、溶接金属３０の凝固収縮時に撓める部分の長さは、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが嵌合している部分１１，２１から開先部１４，２４外周までの長さＬＡとなる。また、デフケース３のフランジ部１２の撓める角度をδとすると、溶接金属３０の周辺の母材の変位量の期待値は積［ＬＡ＊δ］と見なせる。 Further, when the weld metal 30 after welding cools and hardens, the volume of the weld metal 30 shrinks, and a tensile stress is generated in the vicinity of the heat-affected layer 31 between the surrounding base material (the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2). Occurs. However, in the present embodiment, the through space A is expanded on the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 on the inner peripheral side thereof. For this reason, the length of the portion of the weld metal 30 that is bent during solidification shrinkage is the length LA from the portions 11 and 21 where the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are fitted to the outer periphery of the groove portions 14 and 24. Become. Further, assuming that the bending angle of the flange portion 12 of the differential case 3 is δ, the expected value of the displacement amount of the base material around the weld metal 30 can be regarded as the product [LA * δ].
一方、比較例においては、溶接金属３０の凝固収縮時に撓める部分の長さは、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の軸方向端面同士の接触部の外周部分から開先部１４，２４外周までの長さＬＢとなる。また、デフケース３のフランジ部１２の撓める角度をδとすると、溶接金属３０の周辺の母材の変位量の期待値は積［ＬＢ＊δ］と見なせる。このため、比較例においては、溶融した母材及びフィラーワイヤよりなる溶接金属３０の凝固収縮に対応して発生する剥離方向の応力が緩和されず、比較的柔軟性の低い鋳鉄部品側の熱影響層３１において剥離等の溶接割れＣが生じるものと推定される。 On the other hand, in the comparative example, the length of the portion of the weld metal 30 that bends during solidification shrinkage is from the outer peripheral portion of the contact portion between the axial end surfaces of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 to the outer periphery of the groove portions 14 and 24. Length LB. Further, assuming that the bending angle of the flange portion 12 of the differential case 3 is δ, the expected value of the displacement amount of the base material around the weld metal 30 can be regarded as the product [LB * δ]. For this reason, in the comparative example, the stress in the peeling direction generated in response to the solidification shrinkage of the weld metal 30 made of the molten base material and filler wire is not relaxed, and the heat effect on the cast iron part side having relatively low flexibility It is presumed that weld cracks C such as peeling occur in the layer 31.
これに対して、本実施例においては、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが嵌合している部分１１，２１から開先部１４，２４外周までの長さＬＡは、比較例の長さＬＢよりも長くなる。従って、本実施形態の溶接金属３０の周辺の母材の変位量の期待値である積［ＬＡ*δ］は、比較例の溶接金属３０の周辺の母材の変位量の期待値である積［ＬＢ＊δ］よりも大きくなる。このため、比較例に比べて本実施例の方が、溶接金属３０の周辺の母材の変位量の期待値は大きく、つまり、撓みやすいことになる。また、デフケース３の内周側の側面が軸方向に後退されていることによっても、撓みやすいことになる。 On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the length LA from the portions 11 and 21 where the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are fitted to the outer periphery of the groove portions 14 and 24 is longer than the length LB of the comparative example. Also gets longer. Therefore, the product [LA * δ] that is the expected value of the displacement of the base metal around the weld metal 30 of the present embodiment is the product that is the expected value of the displacement of the base metal around the weld metal 30 of the comparative example. It becomes larger than [LB * δ]. For this reason, the expected value of the amount of displacement of the base material around the weld metal 30 is greater in the present embodiment than in the comparative example, that is, it is easier to bend. Moreover, it is easy to bend also when the side surface of the inner peripheral side of the differential case 3 is retracted in the axial direction.
ここで、凝固収縮の体積変化が、比較例と本実施形態とで同じと仮定すると、溶接金属３０の周辺の母材が大きく撓める本実施例の方が、発生する引張応力が低くなる。従って、溶融した母材及びフィラーワイヤよりなる溶接金属３０の凝固収縮に対応して発生する剥離方向の応力が緩和され、比較的柔軟性の低い鋳鉄部品側の熱影響層においても、剥離等の溶接割れを生じないものとできる。 Here, assuming that the volume change of solidification shrinkage is the same in the comparative example and this embodiment, the tensile stress generated is lower in this example in which the base metal around the weld metal 30 is greatly bent. . Therefore, the stress in the peeling direction generated in response to the solidification shrinkage of the weld metal 30 made of the molten base material and filler wire is relieved, and even in the heat-affected layer on the cast iron part side having relatively low flexibility, such as peeling It can be assumed that no weld cracking occurs.
図３に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第２実施例においては、デフケース３の円筒面１１に嵌合するデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に、軸方向に連通溝４１を形成する。この連通溝４１は、例えば、直線状に半径Ｒ１．０の溝で形成され、デフケース３への組立時にビーム溶接のための貫通空間Ａと外部空間とを連通させる連通孔４０を構成する。前記連通溝４１は、１本で形成しても複数本で形成してもよく、また、配置する円周方向位置はいずれの円周方向位置でもよい。また、デフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に設けるのでなく、デフケース３の円筒面１１に設けるものであってもよい。 In the second embodiment of the beam welding member shown in FIG. 3 and the differential 1 having the same, a communication groove 41 in the axial direction is formed on the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 fitted to the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3. Form. The communication groove 41 is formed, for example, as a straight groove having a radius R1.0, and constitutes a communication hole 40 that communicates the through space A for beam welding with the external space when the differential case 3 is assembled. The communication groove 41 may be formed by one or a plurality, and the circumferential position to be arranged may be any circumferential position. Further, instead of being provided on the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2, it may be provided on the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3.
また、図４に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第３実施例のように、デフリングギヤ２の内周面２１とデフケース３の円筒面１１との両者に夫々軸方向に延びる連通溝４１，４２を形成する。そして、両連通溝４１，４２の円周方向位置を一致させることで、断面積の大きい連通孔４０とすることもできる。このようにすることで、連通孔４０の通路面積を稼ぐことができ、設ける連通溝４１，４２の本数を少なくすることができる。 Further, as in the beam welding member shown in FIG. 4 and the third embodiment of the differential device 1 having the same, both the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 and the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 are axially arranged. The extending communication grooves 41 and 42 are formed. And it can also be set as the communicating hole 40 with a large cross-sectional area by making the circumferential direction position of both the communicating grooves 41 and 42 correspond. By doing in this way, the passage area of the communication hole 40 can be earned, and the number of the communication grooves 41 and 42 to be provided can be reduced.
また、前記連通溝４１，４２は、デフケース３の軸心に平行に形成してもよいが、図５に示す第４実施例のように、螺旋状に形成してもよい。螺旋状に形成する場合には、デフリングギヤ２の内周面２１(デフケース３の円筒面１１)の機械加工時に、内面加工ツールの外周側への追い込みにより、内周面２１(円筒面１１)加工と同時に形成することができる。 The communication grooves 41 and 42 may be formed parallel to the axis of the differential case 3, but may be formed in a spiral shape as in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. In the case of forming a spiral shape, the inner peripheral surface 21 (cylindrical surface 11) is driven by driving the inner surface processing tool toward the outer peripheral side during machining of the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 (cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3). It can be formed simultaneously with processing.
これらの第２〜４実施例においても、半径方向内周側に位置する貫通空間Ａは連通溝４１，４２からなる連通孔４０を介して外部空間に連通している。このため、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気が膨張すると、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通孔４０を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 Also in these second to fourth embodiments, the through space A located on the radially inner peripheral side communicates with the external space through the communication hole 40 formed of the communication grooves 41 and 42. For this reason, when the air in the through space A expands due to irradiation with high energy beam and welding heat, the expanded gas flows out through the communication hole 40. Further, in the cooling process after welding, the outside air is introduced from the external space through the communication hole 40 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
図６に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第５実施例においては、デフリングギヤ２の接合部に円周方向に配置されている開先部の一部分を半径方向に切り欠いて半径方向の連通溝４３を形成する。この連通溝４３は、例えば、円周方向寸法(溝幅)０．５ｍｍ、軸方向寸法(溝深さ)０．３ｍｍの溝を半径方向に切り欠いて形成する。 In the beam welding member shown in FIG. 6 and the fifth embodiment of the differential 1 having the same, a part of the groove portion arranged in the circumferential direction at the joint portion of the diff ring gear 2 is cut out in the radial direction. Thus, the communication groove 43 in the radial direction is formed. The communication groove 43 is formed by, for example, cutting a groove having a circumferential dimension (groove width) of 0.5 mm and an axial dimension (groove depth) of 0.3 mm in the radial direction.
前記連通溝４３は、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との開先部同士を接触させた組立状態において、貫通空間Ａを外部空間に連通させる連通孔４０となる。また、その状態からデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供しながら高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する場合に、前記連通溝４３の円周方向における一方の縁がビーム溶接の開始位置となる。次いで、高エネルギビームが前記連通溝４３から離れる方向に順次デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させて、連通溝４３の他方の縁に到るようにする。そして、最後に連通溝４３が存在する部分をビーム溶接することによって、開先の全周に渡って実施する。 The communication groove 43 serves as a communication hole 40 that allows the through space A to communicate with the external space when the groove portions of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are in contact with each other. In addition, when beam welding is performed by irradiating a high energy beam while supplying a filler wire to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 from that state, one edge in the circumferential direction of the communication groove 43 starts beam welding. Position. Next, the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are sequentially rotated around the axis in the direction away from the communication groove 43 so that the high energy beam reaches the other edge of the communication groove 43. Finally, beam welding is performed on the portion where the communication groove 43 exists, so that the entire circumference of the groove is performed.
従って、ビーム溶接が終了した段階では、前記連通溝４３は高エネルギビームにより開先部１４，２４とフィラーワイヤとが溶融した溶接金属３０により埋められることとなる。このため、連通溝４３が開先部１４，２４に存在しても、ビーム溶接された部分の強度を低下させることがない。 Therefore, when the beam welding is completed, the communication groove 43 is filled with the weld metal 30 in which the groove portions 14 and 24 and the filler wire are melted by the high energy beam. For this reason, even if the communication groove 43 exists in the groove parts 14 and 24, the intensity | strength of the beam-welded part is not reduced.
また、この第５実施例においても、貫通空間Ａは連通孔４０を介して外部空間に連通しているため、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気が膨張し、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがない。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 Also in this fifth embodiment, since the through space A communicates with the external space through the communication hole 40, the air in the through space A expands due to the irradiation of the high energy beam and the welding heat, and the expansion. The discharged gas flows out through the communication hole 40. For this reason, the gas pressure in the penetration space A is not increased during welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
また、前記実施例２〜５においても、第１実施例と同様に、溶接後の溶接金属３０が冷えて固まる際には、溶接金属３０の体積が収縮し、周囲の母材（デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２）との間にある熱影響層３１付近に引張応力が発生する。しかし、貫通空間Ａが、その内周側においてデフケース３の円筒面１１及びデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に拡大されているため、溶接金属３０の凝固収縮時に撓める部分の長さを、第１実施形態と同様に確保することができる。また、第１実施形態と同様に、デフケース３のフランジ部１２の内周側の端面が軸方向に後退されていることによっても、撓みやすいことになる。 Also, in Examples 2 to 5, as in the first example, when the weld metal 30 after welding cools and hardens, the volume of the weld metal 30 shrinks, and the surrounding base material (the differential case 3 and the differential case 3 and A tensile stress is generated near the heat-affected layer 31 between the differential ring gear 2). However, since the through space A is expanded on the inner peripheral side of the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2, the length of the portion that is bent when the weld metal 30 is solidified and contracted is reduced. It can be ensured similarly to the first embodiment. In addition, as in the first embodiment, the end surface on the inner peripheral side of the flange portion 12 of the differential case 3 is also easily bent when the end surface is retracted in the axial direction.
従って、凝固収縮の体積変化が、比較例と本実施例とで同じと仮定すると、溶接金属３０の周辺の母材が大きく撓めるため、発生する引張応力を低くできる。このため、溶融した母材及びフィラーワイヤよりなる溶接金属３０の凝固収縮に対応して発生する剥離方向の応力が緩和され、比較的柔軟性の低い鋳鉄部品側の熱影響層３１においても、剥離等の溶接割れを生じないものとできる。 Therefore, if it is assumed that the volume change of solidification shrinkage is the same in the comparative example and the present embodiment, the base metal around the weld metal 30 is greatly bent, so that the generated tensile stress can be lowered. For this reason, the stress in the peeling direction generated in response to the solidification shrinkage of the weld metal 30 made of the molten base material and filler wire is relieved, and the heat-affected layer 31 on the cast iron part side having relatively low flexibility also peels off. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of weld cracking.
図７に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第６実施例においては、高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する開先部１４，２４を、両者が圧入嵌合するデフケース３の円筒面１１およびデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１に設けるようにしたものである。即ち、デフケース３の円筒面１１及びデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１には、互いに嵌合するも、軸方向の一端部分には開先部１４，２４が形成されると共にその開先部１４，２４の奥側において、開先部１４，２４よりデフケース３側で外径を縮小させ且つデフリングギヤ２側で内径を拡大させた空間形成部１５，２５を備える。なお、前記開先部１４，２４は、デフケース３側とデフリングギヤ２側とが互いに接触する当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａとそれに連ねてテーパ状に切り欠き形成したテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂとより構成されている。また、空間形成部１５，２５より奥側(開先部１４、２４とは反対の側)のデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１とデフケース３の円筒面１１とは互いに圧入嵌合している。この奥側の圧入嵌合を容易にするために、奥側のデフリングギヤ２の内周面２１のフランジ部１２の側面に到る端部に、テーパ面が形成されることが望ましい。 In the sixth embodiment of the beam welding member shown in FIG. 7 and the differential device 1 having the same, the differential case 3 in which the groove portions 14 and 24 for beam welding by irradiating a high energy beam are press-fitted together. The cylindrical surface 11 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 are provided. That is, the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 are fitted to each other, but groove portions 14 and 24 are formed at one end portion in the axial direction and the groove portions 14 and 24 are formed. On the back side of 24, space forming portions 15 and 25 having outer diameters smaller on the differential case 3 side than the groove portions 14 and 24 and larger inner diameters on the differential ring gear 2 side are provided. The groove portions 14 and 24 are constituted by contact portions 14A and 24A where the differential case 3 side and the differential ring gear 2 side are in contact with each other, and tapered portions 14B and 24B which are formed in a tapered shape continuously therewith. ing. Further, the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2 and the cylindrical surface 11 of the differential case 3 on the back side (the side opposite to the groove portions 14 and 24) from the space forming portions 15 and 25 are press-fitted together. In order to facilitate the press-fitting on the back side, it is desirable that a tapered surface be formed at the end of the inner peripheral surface 21 of the back side differential ring gear 2 that reaches the side surface of the flange portion 12.
そして、デフリングギヤ２の空間形成部２５から奥側の内周面２１と、デフケース３のフランジ部１２の側面に当接しているデフリングギヤ２の端面２６とに、軸方向に延びる連通溝４４及び半径方向に延びる連通溝４５を夫々形成している。 A communication groove 44 extending in the axial direction from the space forming portion 25 of the differential ring gear 2 to the inner peripheral surface 21 on the back side and the end surface 26 of the differential ring gear 2 that is in contact with the side surface of the flange portion 12 of the differential case 3 and A communication groove 45 extending in the radial direction is formed.
従って、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３とを嵌合させて組立てたビーム溶接前の状態では、開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士が接触される。そして、開先部１４，２４のテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂ同士は、奥側で狭まり、外側に向けて拡がるビーム溶接のための開先を形成する。また、奥側の空間形成部１５，２５は、溶接ビームを互いの開先部１４，２４を貫通させて受入れて、貫通溶接とするための貫通空間Ａを形成する。この貫通空間Ａは、連通溝４４，４５で形成した連通孔４０により外部空間に連通している。 Therefore, in the state before beam welding in which the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are assembled and assembled, the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 are brought into contact with each other. And the taper parts 14B and 24B of the groove parts 14 and 24 form the groove | channel for beam welding which narrows in the back | inner side and expands toward the outer side. Further, the space forming portions 15 and 25 on the back side receive the welding beam through the groove portions 14 and 24 and form a through space A for through welding. The through space A communicates with the external space through a communication hole 40 formed by the communication grooves 44 and 45.
前記デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供給しながら、高エネルギビームを照射し、デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させつつ、順次開先の全周に渡ってビーム溶接を実施する。フィラーワイヤとデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先とが高エネルギビームにより溶融されて開先部１４，２４に溶接金属３０が形成され、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが開先部１４，２４で溶接される。 While supplying a filler wire to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, a high energy beam is applied, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are rotated around the axis, and the beam is sequentially applied over the entire circumference of the groove. Perform welding. The filler wire, the differential case 3 and the groove of the differential ring gear 2 are melted by a high energy beam to form a weld metal 30 in the groove portions 14 and 24, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are formed at the groove portions 14 and 24. Welded.
そして、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、軸方向奥側に位置する貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張するが、貫通空間Ａは連通溝４４，４５を介して外部空間に連通しているため、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通溝４４，４５を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 The air in the through space A located on the back side in the axial direction expands due to irradiation with high energy beam and welding heat, but the through space A communicates with the external space via the communication grooves 44 and 45. The expanded gas flows out through the communication hole 40. Further, in the cooling process after welding, outside air is introduced from the external space through the communication grooves 44 and 45 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
本実施形態においては、以下に記載する効果を奏することができる。 In the present embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.
（ア）第１部材としての例えばデフリングギヤ２は第２部材としての例えばデフケース３の外周に内周部２１を嵌合させて支持され、第１部材と第２部材とが互いに当接する環状の面の一方側において外部空間に臨む端部に形成した溶接用開先部１４，２４に、フィラーワイヤを供給しつつ溶接用開先部１４，２４を貫通させて、前記溶接用開先部１４，２４より奥側の第１，２部材間に設けた貫通空間Ａに達する貫通溶接により接合されたビーム溶接部材である。そして、前記第１，２部材の貫通溶接のための貫通空間Ａが、第１部材若しくは第２部材に設けた連通孔４０を介して外部空間と連通されている。 (A) For example, the differential ring gear 2 as the first member is supported by fitting the inner peripheral portion 21 to the outer periphery of the differential case 3 as the second member, and the first member and the second member are in contact with each other. The welding groove portions 14 and 24 formed at the end facing the external space on one side of the surface are penetrated through the welding groove portions 14 and 24 while supplying the filler wire. , 24 is a beam welding member joined by penetration welding reaching the penetration space A provided between the first and second members on the back side. A through space A for through welding of the first and second members is communicated with an external space through a communication hole 40 provided in the first member or the second member.
したがって、ビーム溶接時に貫通空間Ａ内の気体が膨張しても外部空間へ連通孔４０を介して排出されて内圧が上昇することがなく、内圧上昇に伴う溶接金属３０の内周側が抉られた窪んだ状態となる、所謂アンダーフィルという、溶接欠陥を防止できる。また、溶接の終盤では空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して、溶接金属に気孔の発生や溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じるという、溶接欠陥の発生も防止できる。 Therefore, even if the gas in the through space A expands during beam welding, the gas is not discharged to the external space through the communication hole 40 and the internal pressure does not increase, and the inner peripheral side of the weld metal 30 is beaten as the internal pressure increases. It is possible to prevent a so-called underfill welding defect that becomes a depressed state. Further, in the final stage of welding, the gas inside the space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and blows out, thereby preventing the occurrence of welding defects such as generation of pores in the weld metal and irregular beads on the surface side of the weld bead. .
(イ)図３〜図５，図７に示す連通孔４０は、前記第１，２部材間に設けた貫通空間Ａから溶接用開先部とは反対側に延びて、他方側の外部空間に達するように、第１部材と第２部材とが当接する互いの面の少なくともいずれか一方に設けた溝４１，４２，４４，４５により形成されている。このため、第１、２部材が互いに当接する環状の面を機械加工する際、同時に溝加工により連通孔４０を形成することができ、形成が容易である。 (A) The communication hole 40 shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 and 7 extends from the through space A provided between the first and second members to the side opposite to the welding groove portion, and the outer space on the other side. Is formed by grooves 41, 42, 44, 45 provided on at least one of the surfaces of the first member and the second member that contact each other. For this reason, when machining the annular surfaces on which the first and second members abut each other, the communication hole 40 can be formed simultaneously by grooving, and the formation is easy.
(ウ)図４に示す連通孔４０は、前記第１部材と第２部材とが当接する互いの面に円周方向位置を合わせて夫々設けられた溝４１，４２により形成されている。このため、断面積の大きい連通孔４０とする、即ち、連通孔４０の通路面積を稼ぐことができ、設ける連通溝４１，４２の本数を少なくすることができる。 (C) The communication hole 40 shown in FIG. 4 is formed by grooves 41 and 42 which are provided on the surfaces where the first member and the second member are in contact with each other in the circumferential direction. For this reason, it is set as the communicating hole 40 with a big cross-sectional area, ie, the passage area of the communicating hole 40 can be earned, and the number of the communicating grooves 41 and 42 to provide can be decreased.
(エ)図５に示す連通孔４０は、ビーム溶接部材の軸心回りに螺旋状に形成されている。このため、第１部材の内周面２１(若しくは第２部材の円筒面１１)の旋盤等による機械加工時に加工ツールを追い込みすることで、面加工と同時に形成することができる。 (D) The communication hole 40 shown in FIG. 5 is formed in a spiral shape around the axis of the beam welding member. For this reason, it can be formed simultaneously with the surface processing by driving the processing tool during the machining of the inner peripheral surface 21 of the first member (or the cylindrical surface 11 of the second member) with a lathe or the like.
(オ)図６に示す連通孔４０は、第１部材または第２部材の少なくとも一方の開先部１４，２４の一部分を半径方向に切り欠いて形成された溝４３で構成され、環状の形成された開先部１４，２４の全周に対するビーム溶接の終了段階において、溶接金属３０により閉じられる。このため、ビーム溶接が終了した段階では、前記溝４３は高エネルギビームにより開先部１４，２４とフィラーワイヤとが溶融した溶接金属３０により埋められることとなる。従って、溝４３が開先部１４，２４に存在しても、ビーム溶接された部分の強度を低下させることがない。 (E) The communication hole 40 shown in FIG. 6 is composed of a groove 43 formed by cutting out a part of at least one of the groove portions 14 and 24 of the first member or the second member in the radial direction. At the end stage of beam welding for the entire circumference of the groove portions 14, 24, the weld metal 30 is closed. For this reason, when the beam welding is completed, the groove 43 is filled with the weld metal 30 in which the groove portions 14 and 24 and the filler wire are melted by the high energy beam. Therefore, even if the groove 43 exists in the groove portions 14 and 24, the strength of the beam welded portion is not lowered.
(カ)図２に示す連通孔４０は、第１部材若しくは第２部材を貫通させて形成した貫通孔により形成されている。このため、孔加工を追加するのみでよく、他の部位の孔加工と同時に加工してもよい。 (F) The communication hole 40 shown in FIG. 2 is formed by a through hole formed by penetrating the first member or the second member. For this reason, it is only necessary to add a hole processing, and it may be performed simultaneously with the hole processing of other parts.
(キ)少なくともデフリングギヤ２と、このデフリングギヤ２を支持しかつデフリングギヤ２と一体回転するデフケース３とを備えている差動装置１である。そして、第１部材がデフリングギヤ２であり、前記第２部材がデフケース３であるように構成して、貫通空間Ａを前記効果(ア)〜(カ)のいずれかの連通孔４０により外部空間に連通させた状態で前記両者をビーム溶接する。このことにより、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合部の占有スペースを小型化できる。したがって、差動装置１のハウジング内の他の構成部材に干渉するおそれがなく、動力伝達を確実に行うことができるようになる。しかも、ボルトのための占有スペースが不要となるので、ハウジング内の比較的狭い空間を効率よく使用することが可能となる。しかも、アンダーフィルや内部気孔・不整ビードのないビーム溶接により、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合強度（耐疲労強度および耐衝撃強度）を高めることができるので、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合部に繰り返しかかる荷重を確実に対応することができる。これによっても、差動装置１は動力伝達を確実に行うことができるようになる。 (G) A differential device 1 including at least a differential ring gear 2 and a differential case 3 that supports the differential ring gear 2 and rotates integrally with the differential ring gear 2. The first member is the differential ring gear 2 and the second member is the differential case 3, and the through space A is formed in the external space by the communication hole 40 of any one of the effects (A) to (F). The two are beam welded in a state where they are communicated with each other. As a result, the space occupied by the joint between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 can be reduced. Therefore, there is no possibility of interfering with other components in the housing of the differential device 1, and power transmission can be performed reliably. In addition, since an occupied space for the bolt is not required, a relatively narrow space in the housing can be used efficiently. Moreover, since the welding strength (fatigue resistance and impact resistance) between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 can be increased by beam welding without underfill, internal pores, and irregular beads, the difference between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 A load repeatedly applied to the joint can be reliably handled. This also enables the differential device 1 to reliably transmit power.
（第２実施形態）
図８〜図１０は、本発明を適用したビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置の第２実施形態の第１〜３実施例を夫々示すデフリングギヤとデフケースとのビーム溶接部の拡大断面図である。本実施形態においては、デフリングギヤとデフケースとの接合面が、一方と他方とで径方向に段差を持った２つの面を持つ場合及び同一径の一つの面を持つ場合の構成を第１実施形態に追加したものである。なお、第１実施形態と同一装置には同一符号を付してその説明を省略ないし簡略化する。
(Second Embodiment)
FIGS. 8 to 10 are enlarged cross-sectional views of a beam welded portion between a differential ring gear and a differential case, showing a beam welding member to which the present invention is applied and a first to third examples of a second embodiment of a differential having the same, respectively. FIG. In the present embodiment, the first embodiment has a configuration in which the joint surface between the differential ring gear and the differential case has two surfaces having a step in the radial direction between one and the other and one surface having the same diameter. In addition to the form. The same devices as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted or simplified.
図８に示す第１実施例のビーム溶接部材の一例が適用された差動装置１は、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合面が、一方と他方とで径方向に段差を持った２つの面を持つ場合を示す。即ち、デフケース３においては、一方の面は円筒面１１であり、他方の面はフランジ部１２の外周面１７となる。また、デフリングギヤ２においては、一方の面は内周面２１であり、他方の面はフランジ部１２の外周面に嵌合する第２の内周面２７となる。そして、一方と他方との２つの面間に形成されるデフリングギヤ２の内端面２８とデフケース３のフランジ部１２の側面１８とは互いに当接して、デフリングギヤ２のデフケース３に対する軸方向の位置決めを行うようにしている。 The differential device 1 to which the example of the beam welding member of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is applied has two joint surfaces between the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 having a radial step between one and the other. Indicates the case with a face. That is, in the differential case 3, one surface is the cylindrical surface 11 and the other surface is the outer peripheral surface 17 of the flange portion 12. Further, in the diff ring gear 2, one surface is an inner peripheral surface 21, and the other surface is a second inner peripheral surface 27 fitted to the outer peripheral surface of the flange portion 12. Then, the inner end surface 28 of the differential ring gear 2 formed between the two surfaces of one and the other and the side surface 18 of the flange portion 12 of the differential case 3 are in contact with each other so that the differential ring gear 2 is positioned in the axial direction with respect to the differential case 3. Like to do.
そして、小径に形成された一方の面(円筒面１１及び内周面２１)には、高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する開先部１４，２４とその奥側において空間形成部１５，２５とが設けられている。また、大径に形成された他方の面を構成するフランジ部１２の外周面１７と第２内周面２７とは互いに圧入嵌合するよう形成している。なお、前記開先部１４，２４は、デフケース３側とデフリングギヤ２側とが互いに接触する当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａとそれに連ねてテーパ状に切り欠き形成したテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂとより構成されている。また、大径に形成された他方の面を構成するデフリングギヤ２の第２内周面２７の軸方向端には圧入嵌合を容易にするテーパ面を設けている。 Then, on one surface (cylindrical surface 11 and inner peripheral surface 21) formed to have a small diameter, groove portions 14 and 24 that perform beam welding by irradiating a high energy beam and space forming portions 15 and 25 on the back side thereof. And are provided. Further, the outer peripheral surface 17 and the second inner peripheral surface 27 of the flange portion 12 constituting the other surface having a large diameter are formed so as to be press-fitted to each other. The groove portions 14 and 24 are constituted by contact portions 14A and 24A where the differential case 3 side and the differential ring gear 2 side are in contact with each other, and tapered portions 14B and 24B which are formed in a tapered shape continuously therewith. ing. Moreover, the taper surface which makes a press fit fit easy is provided in the axial direction end of the 2nd internal peripheral surface 27 of the diff ring gear 2 which comprises the other surface formed in the large diameter.
そして、デフリングギヤ２の前記内端面２８及び第２内周面２７には、半径方向及び軸方向の連通溝４５，４６が夫々形成され、空間形成部１５，２５はこれら連通溝４５，４６により外部空間と連通可能としている。 The inner end surface 28 and the second inner peripheral surface 27 of the differential ring gear 2 are formed with radial and axial communication grooves 45 and 46, respectively. The space forming portions 15 and 25 are formed by the communication grooves 45 and 46, respectively. Communication with external space is possible.
従って、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３とを径方向に段差を持った２つの面同士を嵌合させて組立てたビーム溶接前の状態では、開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士が接触される。そして、開先部１４，２４のテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂ同士は、奥側で狭まり、外側に向けて拡がるビーム溶接のための開先を形成する。また、奥側の空間形成部１５，２５は、溶接ビームを互いの開先部１４，２４を貫通させて受入れて、貫通溶接とするための貫通空間Ａを形成する。この貫通空間Ａは、デフリングギヤ２の前記内端面２８及び第２内周面２７に形成した半径方向及び軸方向の連通溝４５，４６により形成した連通孔４０を介して外部空間に連通している。 Therefore, in the state before beam welding in which the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are assembled by fitting two surfaces having a step difference in the radial direction, the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 are in contact with each other. Touched. And the taper parts 14B and 24B of the groove parts 14 and 24 form the groove | channel for beam welding which narrows in the back | inner side and expands toward the outer side. Further, the space forming portions 15 and 25 on the back side receive the welding beam through the groove portions 14 and 24 and form a through space A for through welding. The through space A communicates with the external space via a communication hole 40 formed by the radial and axial communication grooves 45 and 46 formed in the inner end surface 28 and the second inner peripheral surface 27 of the differential ring gear 2. Yes.
このため、前記デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供給しながら、高エネルギビームを照射して、デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させて、開先の全周に渡って順次ビーム溶接する。フィラーワイヤとデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先とが高エネルギビームにより溶融されて開先部１４，２４に溶接金属３０が形成され、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが開先部１４，２４で溶接される。 For this reason, while supplying a filler wire to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, the high energy beam is irradiated to rotate the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 around the center of the shaft, Beam welding is performed sequentially. The filler wire, the differential case 3 and the groove of the differential ring gear 2 are melted by a high energy beam to form a weld metal 30 in the groove portions 14 and 24, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are formed at the groove portions 14 and 24. Welded.
そして、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張するが、貫通空間Ａは前記連通溝４５，４６を介して外部空間に連通しているため、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通溝４５，４６を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 The air in the through space A expands due to the irradiation of the high energy beam and the welding heat. However, since the through space A communicates with the external space through the communication grooves 45 and 46, the expanded gas communicates. It flows out through the hole 40. Further, in the cooling process after welding, outside air is introduced from the external space through the communication grooves 45 and 46 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
図９に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第２実施例においては、第１実施例とは逆に、小径の一方の面は互いに圧入嵌合する円筒面１１及び内周面２１により形成する。また、大径の他方の面は、互いに嵌合するフランジ部１２の外周面１７とデフリングギヤ２の第２内周面２７とにより形成している。そして、大径の他方の面に、高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する開先部１４，２４とその奥側において空間形成部１５，２５とを設けたものである。 In the second embodiment of the beam welding member shown in FIG. 9 and the differential device 1 including the beam welding member, on the contrary to the first embodiment, one surface having a small diameter is a cylindrical surface 11 and an inner circumference that are press-fitted to each other. The surface 21 is formed. The other large-diameter surface is formed by the outer peripheral surface 17 of the flange portion 12 and the second inner peripheral surface 27 of the differential ring gear 2 that are fitted to each other. And the groove | channel parts 14 and 24 which irradiate a high energy beam and beam welding are provided in the other surface of a large diameter, and the space formation parts 15 and 25 are provided in the back | inner side.
そして、デフリングギヤ２の前記内端面２８及び一方の面を構成する内周面２１には、夫々半径方向及び軸方向の連通溝４５，４７が夫々形成され、空間形成部１５，２５はこれら連通溝４５，４７により外部空間と連通可能としている。その他の構成は、第１実施例と同様に形成している。 The inner end surface 28 of the differential ring gear 2 and the inner peripheral surface 21 constituting one surface are respectively formed with communication grooves 45 and 47 in the radial direction and the axial direction, respectively, and the space forming portions 15 and 25 communicate with each other. The grooves 45 and 47 can communicate with the external space. Other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.
この構成においても、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３とを径方向に段差を持った２つの面同士を嵌合させて組立てたビーム溶接前の状態では、開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士が接触される。そして、開先部１４，２４のテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂ同士は、奥側で狭まり、外側に向けて拡がるビーム溶接のための開先を形成する。また、奥側の空間形成部１５，２５は、溶接ビームを互いの開先部１４，２４を貫通させて受入れて、貫通溶接とするための貫通空間Ａを形成する。この貫通空間Ａは、デフリングギヤ２の前記内端面２８及び内周面２１に形成した半径方向及び軸方向の連通溝４５，４７により外部空間に連通している。 Also in this configuration, in the state before beam welding in which the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are assembled by fitting two surfaces having steps in the radial direction to each other, the contact portions 14A of the groove portions 14 and 24, 24A is contacted. And the taper parts 14B and 24B of the groove parts 14 and 24 form the groove | channel for beam welding which narrows in the back | inner side and expands toward the outer side. Further, the space forming portions 15 and 25 on the back side receive the welding beam through the groove portions 14 and 24 and form a through space A for through welding. The through space A communicates with the external space through radial and axial communication grooves 45 and 47 formed in the inner end surface 28 and the inner peripheral surface 21 of the differential ring gear 2.
そして、前記デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供給しながら、高エネルギビームを照射し、デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させて、開先の全周に渡って順次ビーム溶接する。フィラーワイヤとデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先とが高エネルギビームにより溶融されて開先部１４，２４に溶接金属３０が形成され、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが開先部１４，２４で溶接される。 Then, while supplying a filler wire to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, a high energy beam is irradiated, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are rotated around the axis, so that the entire circumference of the groove is provided. Sequential beam welding. The filler wire, the differential case 3 and the groove of the differential ring gear 2 are melted by a high energy beam to form a weld metal 30 in the groove portions 14 and 24, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are formed at the groove portions 14 and 24. Welded.
そして、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張するが、貫通空間Ａは前記連通溝４５，４７を介して外部空間に連通しているため、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通溝４５，４７を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 The air in the through space A expands due to the irradiation of the high energy beam and the welding heat. However, since the through space A communicates with the external space through the communication grooves 45 and 47, the expanded gas communicates. It flows out through the hole 40. Further, in the cooling process after welding, outside air is introduced from the external space through the communication grooves 45 and 47 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
図１０に示すビーム溶接部材およびこれを備えた差動装置１の第３実施例においては、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３との接合面が、同一径の一つの面(円筒面及び内周面)を持つ場合を示す。そして、接合面の軸方向の一方側(第１円筒面１１及び第１内周面２１)には、高エネルギビームを照射してビーム溶接する開先部１４，２４とその奥側において空間形成部１５，２５とを設け、接合面の軸方向の他方側(第２円筒面１９及び第２内周面２９)は互いに圧入嵌合させて形成している。なお、前記開先部１４，２４は、デフケース３側とデフリング側とが互いに接触する当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａとそれに連ねてテーパ状に切り欠き形成したテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂとより構成されている。なお、デフリングギヤ２の第２内周面２９の開先部２４とは反対側の端面には、デフケース３の円筒面１９への圧入嵌合を容易にするテーパ面を形成してもよい。 In the third embodiment of the beam welding member shown in FIG. 10 and the differential 1 having the same, the joint surface of the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 is one surface (cylindrical surface and inner peripheral surface) having the same diameter. Indicates the case with Then, on one side (the first cylindrical surface 11 and the first inner peripheral surface 21) in the axial direction of the joint surface, a space is formed on the groove portions 14 and 24 where the high energy beam is irradiated and beam welding is performed, and on the back side. The other side (second cylindrical surface 19 and second inner peripheral surface 29) in the axial direction of the joint surface is formed by press fitting with each other. The groove portions 14 and 24 are configured by contact portions 14A and 24A where the differential case 3 side and the differential ring side are in contact with each other, and tapered portions 14B and 24B which are continuously cut out in a tapered shape. . A tapered surface that facilitates press-fitting to the cylindrical surface 19 of the differential case 3 may be formed on the end surface of the second inner peripheral surface 29 of the differential ring gear 2 opposite to the groove portion 24.
そして、軸方向の他方の接合面を構成するデフリングギヤ２の第２内周面２９には、軸方向に延びる連通溝４８を形成している。軸方向の他方の接合面を構成するデフケース３の第２円筒面１９にも、軸方向に延びる連通溝を形成してもよい。 A communication groove 48 extending in the axial direction is formed on the second inner peripheral surface 29 of the differential ring gear 2 constituting the other joining surface in the axial direction. A communication groove extending in the axial direction may also be formed in the second cylindrical surface 19 of the differential case 3 constituting the other joining surface in the axial direction.
従って、デフリングギヤ２とデフケース３とを圧入嵌合させて組立てたビーム溶接前の状態では、開先部１４，２４の当接部１４Ａ，２４Ａ同士が接触される。そして、開先部１４，２４のテーパ部１４Ｂ，２４Ｂ同士は、奥側で狭まり、外側に向けて拡がるビーム溶接のための開先を形成する。また、奥側の空間形成部１５，２５は、溶接ビームを互いの開先部１４，２４を貫通させて受入れて、貫通溶接とするための貫通空間Ａを形成する。この貫通空間Ａは、前記連通溝４８で形成した連通孔４０により外部空間に連通している。 Therefore, in the state before beam welding in which the differential ring gear 2 and the differential case 3 are press-fitted and assembled, the contact portions 14A and 24A of the groove portions 14 and 24 are brought into contact with each other. And the taper parts 14B and 24B of the groove parts 14 and 24 form the groove | channel for beam welding which narrows in the back | inner side and expands toward the outer side. Further, the space forming portions 15 and 25 on the back side receive the welding beam through the groove portions 14 and 24 and form a through space A for through welding. The through space A communicates with an external space through a communication hole 40 formed by the communication groove 48.
このため、前記デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先にフィラーワイヤを供給しながら、高エネルギビームを照射し、デフケース３及びデフリングギヤ２を軸心回りに回転させて、開先の全周に渡って順次ビーム溶接する。フィラーワイヤとデフケース３とデフリングギヤ２の開先とが高エネルギビームにより溶融されて開先部１４，２４に溶接金属３０が形成され、デフケース３とデフリングギヤ２とが開先部１４，２４で溶接される。 For this reason, while supplying a filler wire to the groove of the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2, the high energy beam is irradiated to rotate the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 around the axis, and over the entire circumference of the groove. Sequentially beam welding. The filler wire, the differential case 3 and the groove of the differential ring gear 2 are melted by a high energy beam to form a weld metal 30 in the groove portions 14 and 24, and the differential case 3 and the differential ring gear 2 are formed at the groove portions 14 and 24. Welded.
そして、高エネルギビームの照射及び溶接熱により、貫通空間Ａ内の空気は膨張するが、貫通空間Ａは連通溝４８を介して外部空間に連通しているため、膨張した気体は連通孔４０を介して流れ出る。また、溶接後の冷却過程においては、貫通空間Ａ内の気体の冷却に伴う収縮に応じて、外部空間から連通溝４８を介して外気を導入する。このため、貫通空間Ａ内の気体圧力は、溶接中は上昇されることがなく、また、溶接後においても、外気圧と同じに保持される。従って、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退けることを防止できる。 The air in the through space A expands due to the irradiation of the high energy beam and the welding heat. However, since the through space A communicates with the external space via the communication groove 48, the expanded gas passes through the communication hole 40. Flows out through. Further, in the cooling process after welding, external air is introduced from the external space through the communication groove 48 in accordance with the shrinkage accompanying the cooling of the gas in the through space A. For this reason, the gas pressure in the through space A is not increased during welding, and is maintained the same as the external pressure even after welding. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the molten weld metal 30 from being pushed away due to an increase in the pressure of the air inside the through space A.
このため、貫通空間Ａの内部の空気の圧力が上昇して溶融した溶接金属３０を押し退ける、アンダーフィルや溶接の終盤において貫通空間Ａ内部の気体が溶接ビードを外周側に押し退けて噴出して溶接ビードの表面側に不整ビードを生じることがない。即ち、溶接欠陥を発生することが防止できる。 For this reason, the pressure of the air inside the penetration space A rises and pushes away the molten weld metal 30. At the end of the underfill or welding, the gas inside the penetration space A pushes the weld bead to the outer peripheral side and jets out. No irregular beads are generated on the surface side of the bead. That is, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
本実施形態においては、第１実施形態における効果（ア）〜（エ）、(キ)に加えて以下に記載した効果を奏することができる。 In the present embodiment, in addition to the effects (a) to (d) and (g) in the first embodiment, the effects described below can be achieved.
（ク）ビーム溶接部材は、貫通空間Ａの開先部１４，２４とは反対側において、第１部材としての例えばデフリングギヤ２は第２部材としての例えばデフケース３の外周面１１，１７，１９に、第２内周面２１，２７，２９を介して圧入嵌合させて支持されている。このため、両者の結合強度を向上させることができる。 (H) The beam welding member is on the side opposite to the groove portions 14 and 24 of the through space A. For example, the differential ring gear 2 as the first member is the outer peripheral surface 11, 17, 19 of the differential case 3 as the second member. The second inner peripheral surfaces 21, 27, and 29 are press-fitted and supported. For this reason, both joint strength can be improved.
(ケ)図１０に示すビーム溶接部材は、貫通空間Ａを挟んで第１，２円筒面１１，１９及び第１，２内周面２１，２９が同一径に構成されているため、構造が簡単であり、低コストで提供することができる。 (K) The beam welding member shown in FIG. 10 has the same diameter because the first and second cylindrical surfaces 11 and 19 and the first and second inner peripheral surfaces 21 and 29 are formed with the same diameter across the through space A. It is simple and can be provided at low cost.
本発明のビーム溶接部材は、例えば自動車の差動装置等の種々の装置に用いられ、金属からなる２つの構成部材を接合して構成される接合部材、特に、繰り返し荷重を受ける部材とこの部材を支持する部材とが互いに接合されて構成される接合部材に好適に利用することが可能である。また、本発明の差動装置は、例えば自動車の差動装置等の種々の機械装置の差動装置に好適に利用することが可能である。 The beam welding member of the present invention is used in various devices such as a differential of an automobile, for example, and is a joining member formed by joining two constituent members made of metal, in particular, a member that receives a repeated load and this member. It is possible to use suitably for the joining member comprised by mutually joining with the member which supports. Further, the differential device of the present invention can be suitably used for a differential device of various mechanical devices such as an automobile differential device.
Ａ 貫通空間
１ 差動装置
２ デフリングギヤ
３ デフケース
１１ 円筒面
１２ フランジ部
１３、２３ 接合部
１４，２４ 開先部
１５，２５ 空間形成部
１７，２７ 窪み
２１ 内周面
３０ 溶接金属
３１ 熱影響層
４０ 連通孔
A Through space 1 Differential device 2 Differential ring gear 3 Differential case 11 Cylindrical surface 12 Flange part 13, 23 Joint part 14, 24 Groove part 15, 25 Space forming part 17, 27 Depression 21 Inner peripheral surface 30 Weld metal 31 Heat-affected layer 40 communication hole
Claims (7)
前記第１，２部材の貫通溶接のための貫通空間が、第１部材若しくは第２部材に設けた連通孔を介して外部空間と連通されていることを特徴とするビーム溶接部材。 The first member is supported by fitting the inner periphery to the outer periphery of the second member, and is formed at the end facing the external space on one side of the annular surface where the first member and the second member abut each other. The welding groove part is penetrated through the welding groove part while supplying the filler wire, and is joined by penetration welding reaching the penetration space provided between the first and second members on the back side from the welding groove part. Beam welding members,
A beam welding member, wherein a through space for through welding of the first and second members is communicated with an external space through a communication hole provided in the first member or the second member.
請求項１ないし６のいずれか１のビーム溶接部材を用い、
前記第１部材がデフリングギヤであり、前記第２部材がデフケースであることを特徴とする差動装置。 In a differential device including at least a differential ring gear and a differential case that supports the differential ring gear and rotates integrally with the differential ring gear,
Using the beam welding member according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The differential device according to claim 1, wherein the first member is a differential ring gear, and the second member is a differential case.
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