JP2011112621A - Mobile photometric apparatus - Google Patents

Mobile photometric apparatus Download PDF

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JP2011112621A
JP2011112621A JP2009272052A JP2009272052A JP2011112621A JP 2011112621 A JP2011112621 A JP 2011112621A JP 2009272052 A JP2009272052 A JP 2009272052A JP 2009272052 A JP2009272052 A JP 2009272052A JP 2011112621 A JP2011112621 A JP 2011112621A
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camera
vehicle
light
runway
screen
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JP5544847B2 (en
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Tomotsugu Ono
智嗣 小野
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Toshiba Lighting and Technology Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mobile photometric apparatus that can trim the weight of a measuring instrument and improve measurement accuracy and maintenance work by using a camera to measure light emitted by illumination devices, such as marker lamps or guide lamps, installed on a runway or a taxiway of an airport. <P>SOLUTION: The mobile photometric apparatus is equipped with: a vehicle 1 that is freely movable with respect to an illumination facility composed of a plurality of illumination devices (runway center line lamps) L1, placed at regular intervals, each of which includes a light-emitting section that emits light; a screen 2A, mounted on the vehicle 1 and provided to face in a direction in which the vehicle 1 travels, which receives light emitted from the light-emitting section of an illumination device L1 to be measured; a photometric camera 3 that takes an image of the screen 2A; position detecting means 4, mounted on the vehicle 1, for detecting the relative position of the camera 3 relative to the illumination device L1 to be measured; and an image processing device that processes image data taken by the camera 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、所定間隔で設置された、たとえば空港で用いられる滑走路中心線灯などのような標識灯や誘導灯などの照明装置のメンテナンスに適した移動式測光装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a mobile photometric device suitable for maintenance of an illumination device such as a marker light or a guide light such as a runway center line light used at an airport, for example, installed at a predetermined interval.

たとえば空港においては、航空機の離着陸を誘導するため、滑走路には滑走路中心線灯や接地帯灯などからなる照明装置が所定間隔を隔て数十ないし数百灯配設されている。   For example, in an airport, in order to guide take-off and landing of an aircraft, lighting devices including runway centerline lights and grounding zone lights are arranged on the runway at predetermined intervals.

このような照明装置においては、常に一定レベル以上の誘導照明機能を維持することが要求され、ランプの不点はもちろん、発光部表面に路上などからの塵埃土砂や路脇からの草片あるいは通過する航空機のタイヤのゴム屑などの異物が付着することによる明るさの低下も避けねばならず、何らかの照明測定が必要であった。   In such a lighting device, it is required to always maintain a guidance lighting function of a certain level or more, and not only the disadvantage of the lamp, but also the surface of the light emitting part, dust or sand from the road etc., grass pieces from the roadside or passing through. In addition, it is necessary to avoid a decrease in brightness due to adhesion of foreign matter such as rubber scraps of aircraft tires, and some kind of illumination measurement is required.

そこで、従来においては滑走路上にある多数の照明装置を複数ブロックに分け、各ブロック毎に複数の照明装置をその設置場所から外し、専用の照明測定装置で5点法などの手法により各々の輝度や照度などを検査し、規格内性能を確認したら再び元の状態に戻すようにしていた。(なお、このような検査は、国際民間航空機関(ICAO)で定められた指針によれば、少なくとも3ケ月に一度は行う必要がある。)
しかし、このような測定手法であると広大な滑走路において多数の照明装置の取り外し、測定から再設置と煩雑な作業を要するばかりか、何ら支障のない照明装置までも取り外すという無駄な検査時間を費やす作業効率の悪いものであった。
Therefore, in the past, a large number of lighting devices on the runway were divided into a plurality of blocks, and a plurality of lighting devices were removed from the installation location for each block, and each brightness was measured by a method such as a five-point method with a dedicated lighting measurement device Inspected the light and illuminance, etc., and once the performance within the standard was confirmed, it was restored to the original state. (Note that such inspections must be performed at least once every three months according to guidelines established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).)
However, with such a measurement method, it is not only necessary to remove and re-install many lighting devices on a vast runway, but also to eliminate the troublesome work of removing lighting devices that do not have any trouble. The work efficiency was poor.

そこで、この改善策として特許文献1に開示されているような、車両の前部または後部に輝度計を搭載し、点灯した照明装置に沿って車両を移動させながら測定対象となる照明装置の輝度を測定する航空灯火測光車が知られている。   Therefore, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, as a measure for improvement, a luminance meter is mounted on the front or rear of the vehicle, and the luminance of the illumination device to be measured is measured while moving the vehicle along the illuminated illumination device. Air-light metering vehicles that measure the light are known.

この測光車は、横長に設定されたアパーチャを有して測定対象となる照明装置の発光部の輝度を検出する輝度計と、前記測定対象となる照明装置に対する前記輝度計の相対位置を検知する位置検知手段とが設けられていて、車両による移動条件下において、位置検知手段による位置検知に基づいて測定対象となる照明装置の発光部の輝度を検出するようにした、滑走路から照明装置を取り外すことなく容易かつ効率よく輝度が測定できるものである。   This photometric vehicle has a horizontally long aperture and detects a luminance of a light emitting unit of a lighting device to be measured, and a relative position of the luminance meter with respect to the lighting device to be measured. A position detecting means, and the lighting device from the runway is configured to detect the luminance of the light emitting part of the lighting device to be measured based on the position detection by the position detecting means under the moving condition by the vehicle. Luminance can be measured easily and efficiently without removal.

特開平7−286896号公報JP-A-7-286896

上記特許文献1の測光車による測定手法によれば、照明装置の発光部の輝度測定はもちろん発光部自身の汚れの有無を的確に把握してメンテナンスを要する照明装置を特定して、全数の照明装置の取り外しを必要としないなどメンテナンス性に優れ作業を容易かつ効率よくできるという利点を有する。   According to the measurement method using the photometric vehicle in Patent Document 1, the luminance of the light emitting unit of the lighting device is measured, and the lighting device that needs to be maintained is identified by accurately determining whether or not the light emitting unit itself is contaminated. It has an advantage that it can be easily and efficiently operated with excellent maintainability such as not requiring removal of the apparatus.

しかし、上記の測定手法では、灯器の位置を精度よく検出するためには、輝度計の視野角を縦方向を狭くする必要があるが、道路面の段差などにより誤検出や取りこぼしが発生することがある。   However, in the above measurement method, in order to accurately detect the position of the lamp, it is necessary to narrow the viewing angle of the luminance meter in the vertical direction. However, erroneous detection or oversight occurs due to a step on the road surface. Sometimes.

また、測光に当り1台の輝度計では計測が不安定であるため複数台の輝度計が必要となり、これら測定計器の車両への取り付けや搭載重量の問題あるいは計器相互間の校正などに煩雑な手間を要していた。輝度計のみの測定では配光測定が難しく輝度計に加え中心部、上下左右にそれぞれ照度計を必要とし測定機材数が増えるなどの問題があった。   In addition, since one luminance meter is unstable for photometry, a plurality of luminance meters are required, and it is troublesome to attach these measuring instruments to the vehicle, to mount weight problems, or to calibrate between instruments. It took time and effort. It is difficult to measure the light distribution with only the luminance meter. In addition to the luminance meter, there are problems such as the need for illuminance meters at the center, top, bottom, left, and right, increasing the number of measuring equipment.

本発明は、上記問題に鑑みなされたもので、空港の滑走路や誘導路などに設置された標識灯や誘導灯などの照明装置の測光をカメラを用いて行うことにより、測定機器の軽量化、測定精度やメンテナンス作業の向上がはかれる移動式測光装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and by using a camera to perform photometry of a lighting device such as a marker lamp or a guide light installed on an airport runway or taxiway, the weight of the measuring instrument is reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a mobile photometric device capable of improving measurement accuracy and maintenance work.

本発明の請求項1に記載の移動式測光装置は、所定間隔で配設されて光を発する発光部を備えた複数の照明装置からなる照明施設に対し移動自在な車両と;この車両に搭載されるとともに走行方向に対面して設けられ測定対象となる照明装置の発光部からの照射光を受光するスクリーンおよびこのスクリーンの画像を撮影する測光用カメラと;上記車両に搭載されて上記測定対象となる照明装置に対する上記カメラの相対位置を検知する位置検知手段と;上記カメラが撮影した画像データを処理する画像処理装置と;を具備していることを特徴とする。   A mobile photometric device according to claim 1 of the present invention is a vehicle that is movable with respect to an illumination facility comprising a plurality of illumination devices that are provided at predetermined intervals and that has a light emitting section that emits light; And a screen for receiving the irradiation light from the light emitting unit of the lighting device to be measured and facing the traveling direction, and a photometric camera for taking an image of the screen; and mounted on the vehicle for the measurement target And a position detection means for detecting the relative position of the camera with respect to the illumination device, and an image processing device for processing image data captured by the camera.

所定間隔で設置された複数基の照明装置の発光特性を車両を走行させながら順次測定する測光車で、測定対象である照明装置の発光部から測定位置までの間隔が所定距離に至ったらスクリーンに投射された画像を測光用のカメラで撮影記録し、この画像データを画像処理装置で解析した照度、輝度や光度などの発光強度を基準値と対比させる照明装置の良否を測定する装置である。   This is a photometric vehicle that measures the light emission characteristics of a plurality of lighting devices installed at predetermined intervals sequentially while the vehicle is running. When the distance from the light emitting part of the lighting device to be measured to the measurement position reaches a predetermined distance, it is displayed on the screen. This is a device for measuring the quality of a lighting device that records and projects a projected image with a photometric camera, and compares the image data with a light emission intensity such as illuminance, luminance, and luminous intensity analyzed by an image processing device.

本発明は複数基の縦列した照明装置の測光を車載のカメラで撮影し、その撮影した画像データから其々の照明装置の発光特性を測定できる、灯器の良否判別が容易であるとともにデータの記録も簡単に行えてデータの再現性も有する。   In the present invention, photometry of a plurality of illuminating devices arranged in a column is photographed by an in-vehicle camera, and the light emission characteristics of each luminaire can be measured from the photographed image data. Recording is easy and data reproducibility is provided.

また、スクリーンや測光用カメラなどの測光装置は車両のいずれかたとえば前部または後部に設けることができる。あるいは車両の前部と後部の両方に設けてもよく、この場合には、灯器の前後に発光部を有する滑走路中心線灯などに対して一方向の走行で2縦列の測光ができ作業時間の短縮がはかれる。   Further, a photometric device such as a screen or a photometric camera can be provided in any one of the vehicles, for example, in the front part or the rear part. Alternatively, it may be provided at both the front and rear of the vehicle. In this case, two columns of light can be measured in one direction with respect to a runway centerline lamp having a light emitting part before and after the lamp. Time is saved.

なお、本発明および以下の各発明において、特に指定しない限り用語の定義および技術的意味は次による。   In the present invention and each of the following inventions, terms and technical meanings are as follows unless otherwise specified.

本発明において、照明施設とは、例えば空港における滑走路の中心線灯や接地帯灯、誘導路の中心線灯や誘導灯あるいは進入灯などの灯器が所定の間隔を隔て連続して配設された照明装置を指す。   In the present invention, the lighting facility is, for example, a runway centerline lamp or grounding zone lamp at an airport, a taxiway centerline lamp, a guide light, or an approach light, and the like are continuously arranged at a predetermined interval. Refers to a lighting device that has been used.

また、航空機は滑走路を離着陸するため、上記滑走路中心線灯などは何れの滑走方向からも視認し得るように、その配設方向に沿う前後両方向に対照的な光を誘導光として発する発光部を有している。   In addition, since the aircraft takes off and landing on the runway, the runway centerline lamp etc. emit light that emits contrasting light as guiding light in both the front and rear directions along the direction of arrangement so that it can be seen from any runway direction. Has a part.

測光用や位置検出用のカメラの撮像素子としては、CCDやCMOSを用いることができる。   A CCD or CMOS can be used as an image sensor of a camera for photometry or position detection.

また、スクリーンは、照明装置の発光部からの照射光を反射または吸収あるいは半透過する材料で形成することができ、搭載が制限される車両の大きさや構造によりスクリーンの種類を選ぶことができる。   Further, the screen can be formed of a material that reflects, absorbs, or semi-transmits light emitted from the light emitting unit of the lighting device, and the type of the screen can be selected depending on the size and structure of the vehicle on which mounting is limited.

スクリーンは照明装置の発光部からの照射光を反射する例えば白色板や白色幕などの光反射体、照射光を吸収する例えば黒色板や黒色幕などの光吸収体あるいは照射光を半透過する例えば着色板や着色幕などの光透過体で形成されていて、発光部と対面するスクリーンに映し出された照射光を光反射体や光吸収体の場合はスクリーン前面の受光面側からあるいは半光透過体の場合はスクリーンの裏面側からカメラで撮影することができる。   The screen reflects light emitted from the light emitting unit of the lighting device, for example, a light reflector such as a white plate or a white screen, absorbs light, for example, a light absorber such as a black plate or a black screen, or semi-transmits light. It is made of a light-transmitting material such as a colored plate or colored screen. In the case of a light-reflecting or light-absorbing material, the irradiation light projected on the screen facing the light-emitting part can be transmitted from the light-receiving surface side of the screen or semi-light transmitting In the case of the body, it can be taken with the camera from the back side of the screen.

さらに、カメラが撮影したスクリーン上の画像データを解析する画像処理装置は、車両または車両外に設けられていてもよい。   Furthermore, the image processing apparatus that analyzes the image data on the screen captured by the camera may be provided in the vehicle or outside the vehicle.

スクリーンに映し出された映像は、カメラで撮影されコンピュータなどを用いた画像処理装置により処理して輝度値や照度値として算出されるが、この画像処理装置は車両に搭載され即時にデータを処理しても、また、画像データを記録したカメラなどを車外の解析室などに設けられた画像処理装置によって画像データを処理することもできる。   The image displayed on the screen is photographed by a camera and processed by an image processing device using a computer or the like, and is calculated as a luminance value or an illuminance value. This image processing device is mounted on a vehicle and immediately processes data. However, the image data can also be processed by an image processing device provided in an analysis room or the like outside the vehicle with a camera or the like recording the image data.

本発明の請求項2に記載の移動式測光装置は、測定対象となる縦列した複数の照明装置の発光部の位置を車両に搭載した位置検出カメラで検知して行うことを特徴とする。   The mobile photometric device according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that it is performed by detecting the positions of the light emitting portions of a plurality of illuminating devices arranged in a column to be measured by a position detection camera mounted on the vehicle.

カメラにより測定位置を検出できるようにしたことにより、広範囲の映像で道路面の段差などの影響を回避できる。(たとえば、二つの位置検出ライン(画像処理記録ライン)を使用したヒステリシス幅を利用する検出などを行うことができる。)
また、カメラ映像を確認しながら車両の運転を行うことにより、車両が灯器の列に対して並行に走行しているかを確認することができる。また、測定作業後に、測定時のカメラ映像を確認することができることにより、測定時の測定環境(例えば、車両と灯器の位置角度など)や灯器の点消灯を確認することが可能となる。
Since the measurement position can be detected by the camera, it is possible to avoid the influence of a step on the road surface in a wide range of images. (For example, detection using a hysteresis width using two position detection lines (image processing recording lines) can be performed.)
Further, by driving the vehicle while checking the camera image, it is possible to check whether the vehicle is traveling in parallel with the row of lamps. In addition, since the camera image at the time of measurement can be confirmed after the measurement work, it becomes possible to confirm the measurement environment at the time of measurement (for example, the position angle of the vehicle and the lamp) and the lighting of the lamp. .

請求項1の発明によれば、空港などにおいて多数基が縦列して配置された滑走路中心線灯などの照明装置の測光をカメラを用い連続して行うことができる。測光は各照明装置を等距離からカメラで撮影した画像データを画像処理装置により処理解析するので、測光に多数の輝度計などを用いず車両に搭載する測定機器点数を少なくして軽量化が可能となるとともに測定精度を向上することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, photometry of an illuminating device such as a runway centerline lamp in which a large number of units are arranged in a row in an airport or the like can be continuously performed using a camera. In photometry, image data taken by a camera from an equal distance from each lighting device is processed and analyzed by an image processing device, so the number of measuring equipment mounted on the vehicle can be reduced and light weight can be reduced without using multiple luminance meters for photometry. And the measurement accuracy can be improved.

また、カメラで撮影した画像データから其々の照明装置の発光特性を測定できるので灯器の良否判別が容易であるとともに画像データの記録保存も簡単に行えてデータの再現性も高い。   Further, since the light emission characteristics of each lighting device can be measured from the image data taken by the camera, it is easy to determine the quality of the lamp, and the image data can be easily recorded and stored, and the reproducibility of the data is high.

また、測光作業が灯器を外すことなく流れ作業的に容易に短時間で行えるのでメンテナンス作業の向上がはかれた移動式測光装置を提供することができる。   Further, since the photometric work can be easily performed in a short time without removing the lamp, it is possible to provide a mobile photometer with improved maintenance work.

請求項2の発明によれば、カメラを用い測定位置を検出するようにしたことにより、位置精度の向上や測定時の再現性が可能な移動式測光装置を提供することができる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a mobile photometric device capable of improving positional accuracy and reproducibility during measurement by detecting a measurement position using a camera.

空港施設および空港の照明施設の概略の配置状況を上空から見た説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which looked at the schematic arrangement | positioning condition of the airport facility and the lighting facility of the airport from the sky. 本発明に関わる測光装置を搭載した移動式測光車を上方から見た説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which looked at the mobile photometry vehicle carrying the photometry apparatus in connection with this invention from the upper direction. (a)図および(b)図はスクリーンとカメラとの位置関係を示す説明図である。FIGS. 4A and 4B are explanatory views showing the positional relationship between the screen and the camera. スクリーン上における照度測定点(箇所)を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the illumination intensity measurement point (location) on a screen. (a)図および(b)図は位置検出用カメラと灯器との距離間隔を検出するための説明図である。FIGS. 4A and 4B are explanatory diagrams for detecting the distance between the position detection camera and the lamp. 車速パルス、位置検出、カメラ撮影および灯器カウントのタイミングチャートを示す。The timing chart of vehicle speed pulse, position detection, camera photography, and lamp count is shown.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

空港Aはたとえば図1に示すように乗客や貨物を扱うターミナルビルA1に隣接して駐機場A2が設けられ、直線状をなす滑走路A3に向けこの駐機場A2から複数の誘導路A4,…が接続されている。   For example, as shown in FIG. 1, an airport A has a parking lot A2 adjacent to a terminal building A1 that handles passengers and cargo, and a plurality of taxiways A4,... From the parking lot A2 toward a straight runway A3. Is connected.

そして、上記駐機場A2、滑走路A3および誘導路A4,…などには航空機の離着陸時や路上走行時の安全をはかるため複数基の滑走路中心線灯L1,…、滑走路接地帯灯L2,…、滑走路灯L3,…、滑走路末端灯L4,…、進入灯L5,…、誘導路中心線灯L6,…、誘導路灯L7,…や停止線灯L8,…などの照明装置が所定の間隔を隔て縦列や横列して埋込形または地上形として設けられこれらで照明施設を構成している。   In the parking lot A2, runway A3 and taxiway A4, etc., a plurality of runway center line lights L1,... , ..., runway lights L3, ..., runway end lights L4, ..., approach lights L5, ..., taxiway center line lights L6, ..., taxiway lights L7, ... and stop line lights L8, ... These are provided in the form of an embedded type or a terrestrial type in a row or a row at intervals of the above, and these constitute a lighting facility.

上記においてたとえば滑走路中心線灯L1,…は、その配設方向(航空機の滑走方向)の前後両方向に対称的な光を発するレンズ部(発光部)を有していて、何れの滑走方向からの離着陸にも対処できるよう構成され、滑走路A3に沿う中心線上に例えば30mの間隔を隔て縦列的に埋込配設されている。   In the above, for example, the runway center line lights L1,... Have a lens part (light emitting part) that emits symmetrical light in both the front and rear directions of the arrangement direction (aircraft run direction). It is constructed so as to cope with take-off and landing, and is embedded and arranged in a column at intervals of, for example, 30 m on the center line along the runway A3.

また、滑走路末端灯L4,…から300mの範囲内の所定(例えば1基置き)の滑走路中心線灯L1,…を中心として滑走路A3に沿う中心線と直交する左右に所定の間隔を隔て複数基(例えば片側に3基)の滑走路接地帯灯L2,…が埋込配設され、これら滑走路接地帯灯L2,…も滑走路A3に沿って片側に3列直線状に縦列している。   Further, a predetermined distance is set on the right and left sides perpendicular to the center line along the runway A3 with a predetermined (for example, every other) runway centerline lamps L1,... Within a range of 300 m from the runway end lamps L4,. A plurality of (for example, three on one side) runway ground strip lights L2,... Are embedded and spaced, and the runway ground strip lights L2,... Are also vertically aligned in three rows on one side along the runway A3. is doing.

そして、上記のように滑走路A3に沿って配設された滑走路中心線灯L1,…や滑走路接地帯灯L2,…などの照明装置の発光特性のメンテナンスは、次のような測光手法で行われる。   The maintenance of the light emission characteristics of the lighting devices such as the runway center line lamps L1,... And the runway grounding lamps L2,. Done in

図2は測光装置を搭載した移動式測光車1の概略図であって、2Aは前部のバンバーなどに下辺が地上から約20cm離し取り付けられた幅が約80cm、高さが約60cmのたとえばスミペックアクリル材からなる半光透過性のスクリーン、3は車両前部側の屋根部にスクリーン2Aと対向して固定された照度測定などの測光用カメラ、4は同じく車両前部側に固定された灯器位置検出用カメラである。なお、このスクリーン2Aの向きは、測定する灯器の発光部からの放射光とできるだけ正対しているとともに走行測光時の運転に支障のない位置に取り付けられているのが好ましい。   FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mobile photometric vehicle 1 equipped with a photometric device. Reference numeral 2A denotes a front bumper or the like having a width of about 80 cm and a height of about 60 cm. Semi-translucent screen made of Sumipec acrylic material, 3 is a camera for photometry such as illuminance measurement fixed to the roof part on the vehicle front side facing the screen 2A, 4 is also fixed to the vehicle front side This is a lamp position detection camera. The orientation of the screen 2A is preferably as close as possible to the radiated light from the light emitting part of the lamp to be measured and attached at a position that does not hinder driving during traveling photometry.

しかし、発光部からの放射光に対して傾斜していてもよく、予め傾斜角度を認識していれば、後述の画像処理装置にて補正処理可能である。   However, it may be inclined with respect to the radiated light from the light emitting unit, and if the inclination angle is recognized in advance, correction processing can be performed by an image processing apparatus described later.

また、この車内には上記測光用のカメラ3、灯器位置検出用のカメラ4に接続され、各カメラ3,4からの画像データを照度値(lx)や光度値(cd)あるいは長さ(距離m)に変換処理するコンピュータを備えた画像処理装置(図示しない。)が設けられている。   In addition, the vehicle is connected to the photometry camera 3 and the lamp position detection camera 4, and the image data from the cameras 3 and 4 is converted into an illuminance value (lx), a luminous intensity value (cd), or a length ( An image processing apparatus (not shown) including a computer that performs conversion processing to a distance m) is provided.

この移動式測光車1による滑走路中心線灯L1,…の測光は、他からの明かりの影響がないか少ない状況の夜間に、滑走路A3の中心に沿って測光車1を走らせ点灯した滑走路中心線灯L1,…の発光部からの照射光を半光透過型のスクリーン2Aに投影させ、このスクリーン2Aが受光した配光映像をスクリーン2Aの裏側から照度測定をする測光用のカメラ3で撮影する(図3(a))。   The metering of the runway center line lamps L1,... By the mobile photometer 1 is performed by running the meter 1 along the center of the runway A3 at night when there is little or no influence from other lights. A photometric camera 3 for projecting irradiation light from the light emitting portions of the road center line lamps L1,... Onto a semi-transmissive screen 2A, and measuring a light distribution image received by the screen 2A from the back side of the screen 2A. (Fig. 3 (a)).

そして、この撮影画像の所定の位置における例えば図4に示すようにスクリーン2Aの中心測定点(箇所)(H−V)と、この中心測定点(箇所)から左右水平方向に30cm離れた点(箇所)から上下垂直方向に20cm離れた周辺測定点(箇所)(LU,LD,RU,RD)の計5点(箇所)における撮影画像データから受光強度を測り、この画像データを画像処理装置(図示しない)で処理解析して輝度値や照度値(lx)などで示させる。(なお、図4中、中央部は高輝度(濃い)部分で、中央部から遠くなるに従い低輝度(薄い)となっている。)
なお、この測光は複数基ある滑走路中心線灯L1,…の全灯器に対し同条件下で行われるものであり、また、発光特性の良否判定は予め例えば上記5測定点(箇所)における基準値(許容照度上下限範囲値)を定めておくことにより行われる。また、この測定点(箇所)の数、位置や基準値(許容照度上下限範囲値)は灯器の種類、配置や特性などに応じ適宜決められる。
Then, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the center measurement point (location) (HV) of the screen 2A at a predetermined position of the photographed image, and a point 30 cm away from the center measurement point (location) in the left-right horizontal direction ( The received light intensity is measured from the photographed image data at a total of 5 points (locations) of peripheral measurement points (locations) (LU, LD, RU, RD) 20 cm away from the location vertically in the vertical direction. (Not shown) and analyzed by a luminance value or an illuminance value (lx). (In FIG. 4, the central portion is a high luminance (dark) portion, and the luminance is low (thin) as the distance from the central portion increases.)
In addition, this photometry is performed under the same conditions for all the lamps of a plurality of runway centerline lights L1,..., And the light emission characteristics are judged in advance at, for example, the above five measurement points (locations). This is done by setting a reference value (allowable illuminance upper / lower limit range value). Further, the number, position, and reference value (allowable illuminance upper / lower limit range value) of the measurement points (locations) are appropriately determined according to the type, arrangement, and characteristics of the lamp.

また、各滑走路中心線灯L1,…の測光にあたり照度や光度は発光部からの距離に関係することから、スクリーン2Aの撮影は灯器位置検出用のカメラ4により検出させることができる。この灯器位置検出用のカメラ4は、車両1前方にある中心線灯L1,…の発光部からの放射光を例えば直接輝度で感知検出して、その輝度強度で中心線灯L1からの間隔距離を検出する。   Further, since the illuminance and the luminous intensity are related to the distance from the light emitting unit in the photometry of each runway center line lamp L1,... This lamp position detection camera 4 senses and detects the emitted light from the light emitting part of the center line lamps L1,... In the front of the vehicle 1 with, for example, direct luminance, and the distance from the center line lamp L1 with the luminance intensity. Detect distance.

また、この位置検出は、測光車1のシャフトの回転速度に対応したエンコーダから出力される車速パルスを利用して走行距離を算出し、測定対象となる中心線灯L1の発光部と測光用のカメラ3との相対位置が測定できる手段を併せ設けておいてもよく、2系統の位置検出手段を設けることにより間隔距離の精度向上を図るようにしたり、一方の故障時などに有効に動作させるようにしてもよい。   In addition, this position detection uses a vehicle speed pulse output from an encoder corresponding to the rotational speed of the shaft of the photometric vehicle 1 to calculate a travel distance, and the light emitting part of the center line lamp L1 to be measured and the photometric Means capable of measuring the relative position with the camera 3 may be provided together, and by providing two systems of position detection means, the accuracy of the interval distance can be improved, or it can be operated effectively when one of the faults occurs. You may do it.

そして、位置検出は、まず等間隔で配置された最も手前の滑走路中心線灯L1の発光部を基準として(測定対象の灯器が中心位置ではなくなるが)、図5(a)に示すように図においてその後方側の遠方にある中心線灯L11,L12,…がカメラ4の視野内にあるようセットする。このときカメラ4の高さ位置が低過ぎると前方にある中心線灯L1,…が後方にある中心線灯L11,L12,…を遮って視野内に入らず、また、高過ぎても1基の中心線灯L1しか視野内に入らないことになるので、適当高さに調整しておくことを要する。   Then, the position detection is performed with reference to the light emitting portion of the foremost runway centerline lamp L1 arranged at equal intervals (although the lamp to be measured is not at the center position), as shown in FIG. In the figure, the center line lamps L11, L12,... Located farther behind are set so that they are within the field of view of the camera 4. At this time, if the height position of the camera 4 is too low, the center line lamps L1,... At the front block the center line lamps L11, L12,. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the center line lamp L1 to an appropriate height.

そして、測光車1が走行して固定してある中心線灯L1の発光部に位置検出用のカメラ4が近づき通り過ぎるときの(時間変化に対する)カメラ4への入射輝度強度の変化は図5(b)に示すような略長円形状をなしている。(この図5(b)の左方は時間経過にしたがう輝度強度分布、右方は左方の輝度強度をまとめたものである。)
この略長円形状をした最大幅広部が最大輝度部でこの最大部を特定ラインMとし、中心線灯L1がラインMを通過したことを画像から検出し、これを基準として中心線灯L1発光部およびカメラ4の位置関係を設定しておき、たとえば中心線灯L1発光部の5m手前の位置に測光用のカメラ3が来たときにこのカメラ3でスクリーン2Aに投射された画像を撮影するようにしてある。
The change in the intensity of incident light on the camera 4 when the position detection camera 4 approaches the light emitting part of the center line lamp L1 that the photometric vehicle 1 is running and fixed (with respect to the time change) is shown in FIG. It has a substantially oval shape as shown in b). (The left side of FIG. 5B summarizes the luminance intensity distribution over time, and the right side summarizes the luminance intensity of the left side.)
The maximum wide portion having an approximately oval shape is the maximum luminance portion, and this maximum portion is the specific line M, and it is detected from the image that the center line lamp L1 has passed through the line M, and the center line lamp L1 is emitted on the basis of this. For example, when the photometric camera 3 comes to a position 5 m before the center line lamp L1 light emitting unit, an image projected on the screen 2A by the camera 3 is taken. It is like that.

すなわち、本実施の形態では上記測光車1の半光透過型のスクリーン2Aを滑走路中心線灯L1の発光部と対面させた状態で、滑走路A3中心に等間隔で配置した各滑走路中心線灯L1,…を結ぶ直線上に沿い車両1を直進させ、点灯した各滑走路中心線灯L1,…の発光部とスクリーン2Aとの間隔距離が上記位置検出用のカメラ4で検知させた例えば5mの位置でスクリーン2Aに投影された配光画像をスクリーン2Aの裏側から照度測定用のカメラ3で撮影する。   That is, in this embodiment, the center of each runway arranged at equal intervals in the center of the runway A3 with the semi-light-transmissive screen 2A of the photometric vehicle 1 facing the light emitting portion of the runway centerline lamp L1. The vehicle 1 is driven straight along a straight line connecting the line lights L1,..., And the distance between the light emitting portions of the lit runway center line lights L1,. For example, a light distribution image projected on the screen 2A at a position of 5 m is taken by the camera 3 for measuring illuminance from the back side of the screen 2A.

そして、滑走路中心線灯L1の1基毎に撮影されたスクリーン2A上の配光画像の5点(箇所)における計測データが画像処理装置により処理され、照度があらかじめ設定してある許容照度範囲内にあるか否かを対比して、測定値が許容照度範囲外とされた中心線灯L1は清掃や部品の交換あるいは新規の灯器と交換するなどの作業をした後、再度、上記手順による測定を行い各滑走路中心線灯L1,…が許容照度範囲内にあるような管理を行うことができる。   Then, the measurement data at five points (locations) of the light distribution image on the screen 2A photographed for each of the runway center line lamps L1 is processed by the image processing device, and the allowable illuminance range in which the illuminance is set in advance. The center line lamp L1 whose measured value is out of the allowable illuminance range is subjected to operations such as cleaning, replacement of parts, or replacement with a new lamp, and then the above procedure is performed again. Can be managed so that the runway center line lights L1,... Are within the allowable illuminance range.

なお、図6は上記関連のタイミングチャートを示し、位置検出をカメラ4による他、車速パルスによる検出と併せ行うようにした二重の検出をしてその精度を高めるようにすることも差し支えない。また、図中の灯器カウントは、測光により発光特性が基準値外とされた灯器をマークするもので、上記車速パルスによっても検出できる。   FIG. 6 shows a timing chart related to the above, and it is possible to improve the accuracy by performing double detection in which position detection is performed together with detection by the vehicle speed pulse in addition to the camera 4. In addition, the lamp count in the figure marks a lamp whose light emission characteristic is outside the reference value by photometry, and can also be detected by the vehicle speed pulse.

また、上記滑走路中心線灯L1,…の左右に縦列して配置された接地帯L2,…も、上記中心線灯L1,…と同様な手法で発光特性のメンテナンスを行うことができる。   Further, the grounding strips L2,... Arranged in tandem on the left and right sides of the runway center line lights L1,... Can perform maintenance of light emission characteristics in the same manner as the center line lights L1,.

上述したように、数十ないし数百基ある滑走路中心線灯L1,…等の照度などの発光特性の測光および測光位置の検出を走行する車両上からカメラ3,4を用いて行うようにしたことにより、計測機器の軽量化、測定精度の向上や測定作業の容易性など照明装置のメンテナンス作業の高効率がはかれる。また、カメラ3,4で撮影した画像データは、記録保存も簡単に行えて再現性も高く再度の検証時などに活用できる利点を有する。   As described above, photometry of light emission characteristics such as illuminance and detection of a photometric position of tens or hundreds of runway center line lights L1,... As a result, it is possible to achieve high efficiency in the maintenance work of the lighting device, such as reducing the weight of the measuring device, improving the measurement accuracy, and facilitating the measurement work. Further, the image data photographed by the cameras 3 and 4 can be recorded and saved easily, has high reproducibility, and has an advantage that it can be used at the time of verification again.

なお、本発明は上記実施の形態において、半光透過型のスクリーン2Aに投影された配光画像をスクリーン2Aの裏側からカメラ3Aで撮影した画像データを基に解析したが、スクリーン2Aは半光透明型に限らず図3(b)に示すようなガラス繊維や塩化ビニール樹脂などからなる光反射型あるいは光吸収型のスクリーン2Bであってもよく、この場合はスクリーン2Bの受光面側に配光画像を撮影する測光用カメラ3を発光部からの放射光を遮ることのないスクリーン2Bから斜行した上側や下側などの位置に取り付けることを要する。   In the present embodiment, the light distribution image projected on the semi-transmissive screen 2A is analyzed based on the image data taken by the camera 3A from the back side of the screen 2A. Not only the transparent type but also a light reflection type or light absorption type screen 2B made of glass fiber or vinyl chloride resin as shown in FIG. 3 (b) may be used. In this case, it is arranged on the light receiving surface side of the screen 2B. It is necessary to attach the photometric camera 3 that captures a light image to a position such as an upper side or a lower side that is skewed from the screen 2B that does not block the radiated light from the light emitting unit.

また、スクリーン2A,2Bは車両1走行時の風圧に耐えるような肉厚や材料で形成したり、内部や裏面に補強用の部材を設けたりあるいは取り付けを補強するなどのことで対処すればよい。   Further, the screens 2A and 2B may be dealt with by forming them with a thickness or material that can withstand the wind pressure when the vehicle 1 travels, or by providing reinforcing members on the inside or the back surface, or reinforcing the attachment. .

上記実施の形態においては、各滑走路中心線灯L1,…の測光位置の検出を位置検出用カメラ4により行ったが、灯器は設置間隔距離が予め決められているので測光位置はカメラ4を用いず車速センサからの車速パルスに基づき検出したり、オートクルーズ装置(定速装置)が装着された車両を用い検出するようにしてもよい。   In the above embodiment, the photometry position of each runway center line lamp L1,... Is detected by the position detection camera 4. However, since the installation interval distance of the lamp is determined in advance, the photometry position is determined by the camera 4. Detection may be performed based on the vehicle speed pulse from the vehicle speed sensor without using the vehicle, or may be detected using a vehicle equipped with an auto cruise device (constant speed device).

また、照度や輝度などの発光特性を測定した測光用カメラの画像データは、静止画像(停止)であっても動画像(連続)であってもよく、要するに複数基の灯器が同じ間隔距離を隔てた同一条件で撮影された画像データが得られればよい。   In addition, the image data of a photometric camera that measures light emission characteristics such as illuminance and brightness may be a still image (stopped) or a moving image (continuous). In short, multiple lamps have the same spacing distance. It is only necessary to obtain image data photographed under the same conditions with a distance of.

また、画像データから照度や輝度などを得る測定は、面積が小さい点であっても、ある程度面積をもった範囲の総量値や平均値から算出するようにしてもよく、測定は5点(箇所)に限るものではい。   The measurement for obtaining illuminance, brightness, etc. from the image data may be calculated from the total amount value or the average value of the range having a certain area even if the area is small, and the measurement is performed at 5 points (locations). It is not limited to.

また、測光装置は車両1の前部に設けたものに限らず、後部に設け測光しても、あるいは灯器の前後に発光部を有する上記滑走路中心線灯L1などの場合は車両1の前部と後部の両方に設けることにより、測光時間の短縮がはれる。   Further, the photometric device is not limited to the one provided at the front portion of the vehicle 1, and even if the photometric device is provided at the rear portion, or in the case of the runway centerline lamp L1 having the light emitting portions before and after the lamp, the vehicle 1 By providing both the front part and the rear part, the photometric time can be shortened.

さらに、上記測定時に許容照度範囲外と判定された場合には、ランプやブザーなどによる警告が発せられるような手段を講じておいてもよい。   Furthermore, when it is determined that the light intensity is outside the allowable illuminance range during the measurement, a means for issuing a warning by a lamp or a buzzer may be taken.

測光車1は上記図3(b)に示された構成であって、下辺が地上から約20cm離し車両1に取り付けられた幅が約80cm、高さが約60cmの塩化ビニール樹脂からなる反射型のスクリーン2Bと、このスクリーン2Bから約50〜100cm離れた前方の斜め上方に配設されたスクリーンを撮影する照度測定をする測光用のカメラ3(フォトロン社製 FASTCAM−PC1 R2)と、車両1に取り付けられた位置検出用のカメラ4(フォトロン社製 FASTCAM−1024PC1)とが設けられている。   The photometric vehicle 1 is configured as shown in FIG. 3 (b), and is a reflective type made of a vinyl chloride resin having a width of about 80 cm and a height of about 60 cm. Screen 2B, photometric camera 3 (FASTCAM-PC1 R2 manufactured by Photoron) for measuring illuminance for photographing a screen disposed obliquely above and in front of the screen 2B by about 50 to 100 cm, vehicle 1 is a position detection camera 4 (FASTCAM-1024PC1 manufactured by Photolon).

また、滑走路の中心線に沿い30mの間隔を隔て数十基の滑走路中心線灯L1,…が埋設されている。これら滑走路中心線灯L1,…は、内部にハロゲン電球などの光源、反射鏡やフィルタなどを収容した灯器の頂部が地表より約2cm突出して埋設されているとともに滑走路の前後端方向に向け光軸(最高光出力部)の仰角を4.5度で指向させた発光部(レンズ部)が設けられている。   In addition, several tens of runway center line lights L1,... Are buried along the runway center line at an interval of 30 m. These runway center line lights L1,... Are embedded with the top of a lamp housing a light source such as a halogen bulb, a reflecting mirror, a filter, etc., protruding about 2 cm from the ground surface and in the front and rear end direction of the runway. A light emitting unit (lens unit) is provided in which the elevation angle of the directed optical axis (maximum light output unit) is directed at 4.5 degrees.

そして、上記滑走路中心線灯L1,…を点灯し、この滑走路中心線灯L1,…に沿って車両1をオートクルーズ装置(定速装置)を用い時速50kmで走行させ、各滑走路中心線灯L1,…の発光部から5m手前の位置を位置検出用のカメラ4で次々検出させて、その信号を測光用のカメラ3に送りスクリーン2Bに映された画像を次々撮影し、図4に示す5測定点(箇所)の撮影画像データを画像処理装置により処理解析することにより、滑走路中心線灯L1,…の測光作業が行われ基準値範囲外の灯器は選別される。   The runway center line lights L1,... Are turned on, and the vehicle 1 is driven along the runway center line lights L1,. The position 5 m before the light emitting part of the line lamps L1,... Is detected one after another by the position detection camera 4, the signal is sent to the photometry camera 3, and the images projected on the screen 2B are taken one after another. By processing and analyzing the photographed image data of the five measurement points (locations) shown in FIG. 5 with the image processing device, the photometry operation of the runway center line lights L1,... Is performed, and the lamps outside the reference value range are selected.

この解析により、照度が予め設定しておいた基準値(許容照度上下限範囲値)から外れた灯器は清掃点検した後、再測定し、再度不合格の灯器は新たに整備した灯器と交換することにより、滑走路中心線灯L1,…のメンテナンス作業が容易に、かつ、効率よく行うことができる。   As a result of this analysis, lamps whose illuminance deviates from the preset reference value (allowable illuminance upper / lower limit range) are cleaned and inspected, and then remeasured. , The maintenance work of the runway center line lights L1,... Can be easily and efficiently performed.

L1;滑走路中心線灯(照明装置)
1:車両
2A,2B:スクリーン
3:測光用カメラ
4:位置検出用カメラ
L1: Runway centerline lamp (lighting device)
1: Vehicle 2A, 2B: Screen 3: Photometric camera 4: Camera for position detection

Claims (2)

所定間隔で配設されて光を発する発光部を備えた複数の照明装置からなる照明施設に対し移動自在な車両と;
この車両に搭載されるとともに走行方向に対面して設けられ測定対象となる照明装置の発光部からの照射光を受光するスクリーンおよびこのスクリーンの画像を撮影する測光用カメラと;
上記車両に搭載されて上記測定対象となる照明装置に対する上記カメラの相対位置を検知する位置検知手段と;
上記カメラが撮影した画像データを処理する画像処理装置と;
を具備していることを特徴とする移動式測光装置。
A vehicle movable with respect to an illumination facility comprising a plurality of illumination devices provided with light emitting units arranged at predetermined intervals to emit light;
A screen mounted on this vehicle and provided facing the traveling direction to receive irradiation light from a light emitting unit of a lighting device to be measured; and a photometric camera for taking an image of the screen;
Position detecting means for detecting a relative position of the camera with respect to the lighting device mounted on the vehicle and to be measured;
An image processing device for processing image data captured by the camera;
A mobile photometric device comprising:
測定対象となる縦列した複数の照明装置の発光部の位置を車両に搭載した位置検出カメラで検知して行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の移動式測光装置。   The mobile photometric device according to claim 1, wherein the position is measured by a position detection camera mounted on a vehicle and the positions of light emitting units of a plurality of illuminating devices arranged in a column as a measurement target.
JP2009272052A 2009-11-30 2009-11-30 Mobile photometer Expired - Fee Related JP5544847B2 (en)

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