JP2011019878A - Sleep cycle measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Sleep cycle measuring apparatus Download PDF

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JP2011019878A
JP2011019878A JP2009182828A JP2009182828A JP2011019878A JP 2011019878 A JP2011019878 A JP 2011019878A JP 2009182828 A JP2009182828 A JP 2009182828A JP 2009182828 A JP2009182828 A JP 2009182828A JP 2011019878 A JP2011019878 A JP 2011019878A
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biological
sleep cycle
signal
vibration
detecting
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JP5526307B2 (en
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Arata Nemoto
新 根本
Teruhisa Miike
輝久 三池
Shigehiko Kaneko
成彦 金子
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SLEEP SYSTEM KENKYUSHO KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sleep cycle measuring apparatus for infants, capable of measuring the sleep cycle without applying physical or mental burdens to an infant subject. <P>SOLUTION: The sleep cycle measuring apparatus is composed of: a biological vibration detecting means for detecting biological vibration of the infant; a biological signal detecting means for detecting a biological signal from an output signal of the biological vibration detecting means; a biological signal intensity dispersion value computing means for computing the dispersion value for a prescribed time of the intensity of the biological signal acquired by the biological signal detecting means; and a sleep cycle detecting means for detecting the sleep cycle from the dispersion value of the intensity of the biological signal acquired by the biological signal intensity dispersion value computing means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、乳幼児の生体振動を検出し、その振動から検出した心拍あるいは呼吸などの生体信号から乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定する睡眠サイクル測定装置に関する。  The present invention relates to a sleep cycle measuring device that detects biological vibration of an infant and measures the sleep cycle of the infant from a biological signal such as heartbeat or respiration detected from the vibration.

子供の脳の正常な発達と睡眠サイクルを含む生体リズムとの間には密接な関係があることはよく知られている。乳幼児の成長過程においては、睡眠サイクルは、生後0〜8ケ月では50分周期、9か月から2歳以下では60分周期、2〜5歳では70分周期、5歳以上は成人と同様の90分周期になると研究者により報告されている。  It is well known that there is a close relationship between the normal development of a child's brain and biological rhythms, including the sleep cycle. In the growth process of infants, the sleep cycle is a 50-minute cycle from 0 to 8 months after birth, a 60-minute cycle from 9 months to 2 years of age, a 70-minute cycle from 2 to 5 years, and 5 years and older are the same as adults Researchers have reported a 90-minute period.

乳幼児の成長過程において異常がある場合には、睡眠サイクルに乱れが現れることが多く、乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを観測することにより乳幼児の成長状態を確認することが可能であり、乳幼児の成長に異常があることをできる限り早期に発見して対策することが必要である。  If there is an abnormality in the infant's growth process, disturbances often appear in the sleep cycle, and the infant's growth state can be confirmed by observing the infant's sleep cycle. It is necessary to detect and take action as early as possible.

正常な生体リズムが形成されている場合には、生後4か月程度で睡眠・覚醒リズムが昼夜のリズムに同期し、6か月程度で昼間の睡眠が減少し、10か月程度で体温の日周リズムができる。乳幼児の成長が健全であることを知るには、乳幼児の生後6ケ月間の生体リズムを観察することが特に重要であり、具体的には乳幼児の睡眠・覚醒リズムを測定する必要がある。  When normal biological rhythm is formed, sleep / wake rhythm synchronizes with day and night rhythm at about 4 months after birth, daytime sleep decreases at about 6 months, and body temperature at about 10 months. Daily rhythm is possible. In order to know that an infant's growth is healthy, it is particularly important to observe the biological rhythm of the infant 6 months after birth. Specifically, it is necessary to measure the sleep / wake rhythm of the infant.

乳幼児の生後6ケ月間の期間に段階を経て、睡眠・覚醒リズムが確立されて行くが、この期間に睡眠・覚醒リズム確立されないと、成長ホルモンの欠如が発生し神経組織の発達に障害をもたらすと考えられており、その結果、社会性の欠如、環境順応障害、運動機能障害、脳神経発達障害などの障害が齎される恐れがある。  The sleep / wake rhythm is established through a stage in the infant's six-month period, but if the sleep / wake rhythm is not established during this period, growth hormone deficiency occurs and damages the development of nervous tissue As a result, there are fears that the disorder such as lack of sociality, environmental adaptation disorder, motor dysfunction, and cranial nerve development disorder may be deceived.

上述したように、乳幼児の生後6ケ月間の生体リズムを観察することは乳幼児の成長状態を知る上で重要であり、具体的には乳幼児の睡眠・覚醒リズムを測定することは、乳幼児の成長状態を知る上で重要であるが、乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定するのに適当な装置が存在しないために母親が手書きで睡眠記録を付けているが実情であり、正確性に欠けるとともに、記録する負担も大きいという問題がある。  As described above, observing the biological rhythm of an infant for 6 months is important for knowing the growth state of the infant. Specifically, measuring the sleep / wake rhythm of the infant is important. It is important to know the condition, but because there is no suitable device for measuring the infant's sleep cycle, the mother has recorded the sleep record by hand, but it is a fact and it is inaccurate and recorded There is a problem that the burden is large.

上記の問題に鑑み、本発明の乳幼児の睡眠サイクル測定装置は、被験者の乳幼児に身体的および精神的な負担をかけることなく睡眠サイクルを測定することができる睡眠サイクル測定装置を提供することを目的とする。  In view of the above problems, the sleep cycle measuring device for infants of the present invention aims to provide a sleep cycle measuring device capable of measuring a sleep cycle without placing a physical and mental burden on the infant of the subject. And

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の第1の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置は、乳幼児の生体振動を検出する生体振動検出手段と、前記生体振動検出手段の出力信号から生体信号を検出する生体信号検出手段と、前記生体信号検出手段により得られた生体信号の強度の所定時間の分散値を求める生体信号強度分散値算出手段と、前記生体信号強度分散値算出手段で得られた生体信号強度の分散値から睡眠サイクルを検出する睡眠サイクル検出手段とから成ることを特徴とする。  In order to achieve the above object, a sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to a first solving means of the present invention detects a biological signal from biological vibration detecting means for detecting biological vibration of an infant and an output signal of the biological vibration detecting means. A biological signal detection means; a biological signal intensity dispersion value calculating means for obtaining a variance value of the intensity of the biological signal obtained by the biological signal detection means for a predetermined time; and a biological signal obtained by the biological signal intensity dispersion value calculating means. It comprises a sleep cycle detection means for detecting a sleep cycle from the intensity dispersion value.

上記の第1の解決手段によれば、生体振動検出手段により検出された生体振動から乳幼児の生体信号を検出し、その信号の強度の分散値から乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを判定し、そのサイクルの周期の値を測定する。脳波や筋電位の測定とは異なり、生体振動の検出は乳幼児に肉体的及び精神的な負担をかけることなく行うことが可能であり、この検出信号から乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定することを可能とする。  According to said 1st solution means, the biological signal of an infant is detected from the biological vibration detected by the biological vibration detection means, the infant's sleep cycle is determined from the variance value of the intensity of the signal, and the cycle of the cycle Measure the value of. Unlike the measurement of brain waves and myoelectric potential, the detection of biological vibration can be performed without placing physical and mental burdens on the infant, and the sleep cycle of the infant can be measured from this detection signal. To do.

本発明の第2の解決手段は、第1の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体信号は心拍信号であることを特徴としており、睡眠の状態と密接な関係にある心拍信号を睡眠サイクルの指標信号として用いることにより、睡眠サイクルの測定を確実なものにする。  A second solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the first solving means, wherein the biological signal is a heartbeat signal, and a heartbeat signal closely related to a sleep state is obtained. By using it as an indicator signal of the sleep cycle, the measurement of the sleep cycle is ensured.

本発明の第3の解決手段は、第1の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体信号は呼吸信号であることを特徴としており、睡眠の状態と密接な関係にある心拍信号を睡眠サイクルの指標信号として用いることにより、睡眠サイクルの測定を確実なものにする。  A third solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the first solving means, wherein the biological signal is a respiratory signal, and a heartbeat signal closely related to a sleep state is obtained. By using it as an indicator signal of the sleep cycle, the measurement of the sleep cycle is ensured.

本発明の第4の解決手段は、第1の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記睡眠サイクル検出手段は、所定時間内の生体信号強度の分散値を移動平均する移動平均手段を備えることを特徴としており、睡眠に対応して変動する生体信号強度の分散値が平滑化され、睡眠サイクルを可視化することができる。  A fourth solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the first solving means, wherein the sleep cycle detecting means comprises a moving average means for moving and averaging the variance values of the biological signal intensity within a predetermined time. The dispersion value of the biological signal intensity that fluctuates corresponding to sleep is smoothed, and the sleep cycle can be visualized.

本発明の第5の解決手段は、第1の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体振動検出手段は、微差圧センサと生体振動検出部とから成り、生体振動検出部の内部に収容されている空気の圧力変化を微差圧センサでもって検出することにより生体振動を検出することを特徴としており、乳幼児の生体振動の検出において乳幼児の身体に負担をかけることがない。  A fifth solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the first solving means, wherein the biological vibration detecting means comprises a slight differential pressure sensor and a biological vibration detecting unit, and the inside of the biological vibration detecting unit. The living body vibration is detected by detecting a change in the pressure of the air contained in the body with a micro differential pressure sensor, and the body of the infant is not burdened in detecting the biological vibration of the infant.

本発明の第6の解決手段は、第5の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体振動検出手段の生体振動検出部は、弾性を有する中空のチューブであることを特徴としており、乳幼児の生体振動、即ち呼吸、心拍あるいは体動の振動などが中空のチューブ内の空気に伝わり、その振動を微差圧センサで検出する。  A sixth solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring device according to the fifth solving means, wherein the biological vibration detecting unit of the biological vibration detecting means is a hollow tube having elasticity, An infant's biological vibration, that is, vibration of breathing, heartbeat or body motion is transmitted to the air in the hollow tube, and the vibration is detected by a fine differential pressure sensor.

本発明の第7の解決手段は、第5の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体振動検出手段の生体振動検出部は、内部に空気を充填したマットであることを特徴としており、乳幼児の生体振動、即ち呼吸、心拍あるいは体動の振動などがマット内部に充填した空気に伝わり、その振動を微差圧センサで検出する。  A seventh solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the fifth solving means, wherein the biological vibration detecting unit of the biological vibration detecting means is a mat filled with air. The biological vibration of the infant, that is, the vibration of breathing, heartbeat or body movement is transmitted to the air filled in the mat, and the vibration is detected by the fine differential pressure sensor.

本発明の第8の解決手段は、第6又は第7の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体振動検出部をシート内に収容するように形成し、前記シートを乳幼児の身体に装着して用いることを特徴としており、乳幼児の生体振動を正確に検出することができる。  An eighth solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring device according to the sixth or seventh solving means, wherein the biological vibration detecting unit is formed so as to be housed in a seat, and the seat is placed on an infant's body. It is characterized by being worn and used, and can accurately detect biological vibration of an infant.

本発明の第9の解決手段は、第5の解決手段の睡眠サイクル測定装置であって、前記生体振動検出部は無線通信手段を備えることを特徴としており、睡眠時に乳幼児の身体に絡まる通信用の配線を有しないので安全に睡眠時の測定を行うことができる。  A ninth solving means of the present invention is the sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the fifth solving means, wherein the biological vibration detecting unit includes a wireless communication means, and for communication involving the body of an infant during sleep. Since there is no wiring, it is possible to safely measure during sleep.

上述したように本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置は、生体振動検出手段で検出した生体振動から乳幼児の生体信号、即ち呼吸信号あるいは心拍信号を抽出し、その信号強度の分散値から睡眠サイクルを測定する睡眠サイクル測定装置であり、装置の構成がシンプルであり、かつ容易に乳幼児の睡眠サイクルの測定を行うことができる。  As described above, the sleep cycle measuring device of the present invention extracts a biological signal of an infant, i.e., a respiratory signal or a heartbeat signal, from the biological vibration detected by the biological vibration detecting means, and measures the sleep cycle from the dispersion value of the signal intensity. It is a sleep cycle measuring device, the configuration of the device is simple, and the sleep cycle of an infant can be easily measured.

また、乳幼児の身体に過大な負担をかけることのない生体振動検出手段を用いるために、乳幼児に日常的に使用可能であり、測定した睡眠サイクルのデータから乳幼児の成長の管理及び健康管理を行うことが可能となる。  In addition, because it uses biological vibration detection means that does not place an excessive burden on the infant's body, it can be used on an everyday basis for infants, and it manages the growth and health of the infant from the measured sleep cycle data. It becomes possible.

図をもって本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置について詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は本実施例によって限定されるものではない。  The sleep cycle measuring device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by a present Example.

図1は本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置を説明する説明図であり、図2は図1に示す生体振動検出手段とは別の生体振動検出手段を示す説明図である。また、図3は生体振動信号から検出した心拍信号から睡眠サイクルを測定する工程を示すフロー図であり、図4は生体振動信号から検出した呼吸信号から睡眠サイクルを検出する工程を示すフロー図である。  FIG. 1 is an explanatory view for explaining a sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a biological vibration detecting means different from the biological vibration detecting means shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a process of measuring a sleep cycle from a heartbeat signal detected from a biological vibration signal, and FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a process of detecting a sleep cycle from a respiratory signal detected from the biological vibration signal. is there.

図1は、本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置の構成を示すブロック図であり、図1(b)は、矢視方向から見た一部断面図である。図1に示す生体振動検出手段1は、乳幼児の微細な生体振動を検出する検出手段であり、信号増幅整形手段2により、信号を次の処理工程以降で処理できるように生体振動検出手段1で検出された信号を増幅し、不要な信号をバンドパスフィルターなどにより除去して生体信号検出手段3に送る。  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the sleep cycle measuring apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the direction of the arrow. The biological vibration detection means 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a detection means for detecting minute biological vibrations of an infant, and the biological vibration detection means 1 enables the signal amplification and shaping means 2 to process a signal in the subsequent processing steps. The detected signal is amplified, unnecessary signals are removed by a band-pass filter or the like, and sent to the biological signal detection means 3.

生体振動検出手段1は圧力センサ1aと生体振動検出部である圧力検出チューブ1bとからなり、被験者である乳幼児に過大な負担をかけることのない生体振動検出手段を構成している。圧力センサ1aは、微小な圧力の変動を検出するセンサであり、本実施例では、低周波用のコンデンサマイクロホンタイプを使用するが、これに限るものではなく、適切な分解能とダイナミックレンジを有するものであればよい。  The biological vibration detection means 1 includes a pressure sensor 1a and a pressure detection tube 1b that is a biological vibration detection unit, and constitutes biological vibration detection means that does not place an excessive burden on the infant who is the subject. The pressure sensor 1a is a sensor that detects minute fluctuations in pressure. In this embodiment, a low-frequency condenser microphone type is used. However, the pressure sensor 1a is not limited to this, and has an appropriate resolution and dynamic range. If it is.

本実施例で使用した低周波用のコンデンサマイクロフォンは、一般の音響用マイクロフォンが低周波領域に対して配慮されていないのに引き替え、受圧面の後方にチャンバーを設けることによって低周波領域の特性を大幅に向上させたものであり、圧力検出チューブ1b内の微小圧力変動を検出するのに好適なものである。また、微小な差圧を計測するのに優れており、0.2Paの分解能と約50Paのダイナミックレンジを有し、通常使用されるセラミックを利用した微差圧センサと比較して数倍の性能を持つものであり、生体振動が体表面に通して圧力検出チューブ1bに加えた微小な圧力を検出するのに好適なものである。また周波数特性は0.7Hz〜20Hzの間でほぼ平坦な出力値を示し、呼吸信号あるいは心拍信号等の微少な生体振動を検出するのに適している。  The low-frequency condenser microphone used in this example is replaced with a general acoustic microphone that does not consider the low-frequency area. This is a significant improvement and is suitable for detecting minute pressure fluctuations in the pressure detection tube 1b. In addition, it is excellent for measuring minute differential pressure, has a resolution of 0.2 Pa and a dynamic range of about 50 Pa, and is several times the performance of a fine differential pressure sensor using a ceramic that is normally used. It is suitable for detecting a minute pressure applied to the pressure detection tube 1b through the body surface through the body vibration. The frequency characteristic shows an almost flat output value between 0.7 Hz and 20 Hz, and is suitable for detecting minute biological vibration such as a respiratory signal or a heartbeat signal.

圧力検出チューブ1bは、生体振動の圧力変動範囲に対応して内部の圧力が変動するように適度の弾力を有するものを使用する。また圧力変化を適切な応答速度で微差圧センサ1aに伝達するために圧力検出チューブ1bの中空部の容積を適切に選ぶ必要がある。圧力検出チューブ1bが適度な弾性と中空部容積を同時に満足できない場合には、圧力検出チューブ1bの中空部に適切な太さの芯線をチューブ長さ全体にわたって装填し、中空部の容積を適切にとることができる。  As the pressure detection tube 1b, a tube having an appropriate elasticity so that the internal pressure fluctuates corresponding to the pressure fluctuation range of the biological vibration is used. Further, in order to transmit the pressure change to the fine differential pressure sensor 1a at an appropriate response speed, it is necessary to appropriately select the volume of the hollow portion of the pressure detection tube 1b. When the pressure detection tube 1b cannot satisfy the appropriate elasticity and the volume of the hollow portion at the same time, the hollow portion of the pressure detection tube 1b is loaded with a core wire having an appropriate thickness over the entire length of the tube, and the volume of the hollow portion is appropriately set. Can take.

圧力検出チューブ1bは寝台11上に敷かれた硬質シート12の上に配置され、その上に弾性を有するクッションシート13が敷かれており、その上には乳幼児を寝かせる。なお、圧力検出チューブ1bは、クッションシート13などに組み込んだ構成にすることにより、圧力検出チューブ1bの位置を安定させる構造とするのが望ましい。なおここでは、布団などの寝具については図示しない。  The pressure detection tube 1b is disposed on a hard sheet 12 laid on a bed 11, and an elastic cushion sheet 13 is laid thereon, on which an infant is laid. It is desirable that the pressure detection tube 1b has a structure that stabilizes the position of the pressure detection tube 1b by incorporating the pressure detection tube 1b into the cushion sheet 13 or the like. Note that the bedding such as a futon is not shown here.

本実施例では、図1に示すように2組の生体振動検出手段が設けられており、一方が乳幼児の胸部の部位の生体振動を検出し、他方が乳幼児の臀部の部位を検出することで、乳幼児の就寝の姿勢に関わらず生体振動を安定して検出するように構成されている。なお、チューブの配置などを適当に選択することにより、圧力検出チューブ1aを1組のみ配置する構成とすることも可能である。  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, two sets of biological vibration detecting means are provided, one of which detects biological vibrations in the infant's chest region and the other detects the infant's buttocks region. The biological vibration is stably detected regardless of the sleeping posture of the infant. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which only one set of the pressure detection tubes 1a is arranged by appropriately selecting the arrangement of the tubes.

生体振動検出手段1によって検出された生体振動は、乳幼児の身体から発する様々な振動が混ざりあった信号であり,その中に呼吸信号、心拍信号及び寝返り等の信号が含まれている。生体振動検出手段1によって検出された生体振動を信号増幅整形手段2により増幅し、さらに明らかに異常なレベルの信号を除去するなどして適切な信号整形処理を行う。  The biological vibration detected by the biological vibration detecting means 1 is a signal in which various vibrations emitted from the infant's body are mixed, and includes signals such as a respiration signal, a heartbeat signal, and a turnover. The biological vibration detected by the biological vibration detection means 1 is amplified by the signal amplification shaping means 2, and an appropriate signal shaping process is performed by further removing signals having an apparently abnormal level.

信号増幅整形手段2の出力信号には、呼吸、心拍、体動などの生体の発する様々な信号が含まれており、生体信号検出手段3において、バンドパスフィルター等を用いて睡眠サイクルの測定に用いる生体信号を抽出する。本実施例では呼吸信号あるいは心拍信号を睡眠サイクルの測定に用いる生体信号とした実施例を示している。  The output signal of the signal amplification / shaping means 2 includes various signals generated by the living body such as breathing, heartbeat, and body movement. The living body signal detecting means 3 uses a bandpass filter or the like to measure the sleep cycle. The biosignal to be used is extracted. In the present embodiment, an embodiment is shown in which a respiratory signal or a heartbeat signal is used as a biological signal used for sleep cycle measurement.

自動利得制御手段4は、生体信号検出手段3の出力を所定の信号レベルの範囲に入るように自動的にゲイン制御を行ういわゆるAGC回路であり、この際のゲインの値(係数)を信号強度演算手段5に出力する。ゲイン制御は、例えば信号のピーク値が上限閾値を超えた場合に出力信号の振幅が小さくなるようにゲインを設定し、ピーク値が下限閾値を下回った場合に振幅が大きくなるようにゲインを設定している。  The automatic gain control means 4 is a so-called AGC circuit that automatically performs gain control so that the output of the biological signal detection means 3 falls within a predetermined signal level range. The gain value (coefficient) at this time is used as the signal intensity. It outputs to the calculating means 5. For gain control, for example, the gain is set so that the amplitude of the output signal decreases when the peak value of the signal exceeds the upper threshold, and the gain is increased when the peak value falls below the lower threshold. is doing.

信号強度演算手段5は、自動利得制御手段4において生体信号に対して施したゲイン制御の係数から信号の強度を演算する。上述のAGC回路から得られるゲインの値は信号の大きさが大なるときには小さく、また信号の大きさが小なるときは大きく設定されるように信号強度を示す関数を設定するのがよい。  The signal strength calculation means 5 calculates the signal strength from the gain control coefficient applied to the biological signal in the automatic gain control means 4. It is preferable to set a function indicating the signal strength so that the gain value obtained from the AGC circuit is set to be small when the signal size is large and to be large when the signal size is small.

信号強度分散演算手段6は、信号強度演算手段5で検出された所定時間内の生体信号のデータの分散値(標準偏差)を算出する。各時刻の生体信号の分散値を求めることにより、分散値の時系列データが得られる。ここで、分散値とは、所謂統計学上の分散を示すものであり、分散の替わりに標準偏差を用いてもよい。  The signal intensity variance calculating means 6 calculates the variance value (standard deviation) of the data of the biological signal within the predetermined time detected by the signal intensity calculating means 5. By obtaining the variance value of the biological signal at each time, time-series data of the variance value is obtained. Here, the variance value indicates a so-called statistical variance, and a standard deviation may be used instead of the variance.

睡眠サイクル測定手段7は、信号強度分散演算手段6で得られた生体信号強度の分散値の推移状態から睡眠サイクルの値を測定する。睡眠サイクル測定手段7には、生体信号強度の分散値の時系列データの各時点において遡ること1000点の移動平均をとる手段を備えており、時系列データが平滑化されることにより生体信号強度の分散値の時系列データの推移を明らかにし、睡眠サイクルの周期を算出する。  The sleep cycle measuring means 7 measures the value of the sleep cycle from the transition state of the dispersion value of the biological signal intensity obtained by the signal intensity dispersion calculating means 6. The sleep cycle measuring means 7 includes means for taking a moving average of 1000 points going back at each time point of the time series data of the variance value of the biosignal intensity, and the biosignal intensity is obtained by smoothing the time series data. The change of the time series data of the variance value is clarified and the cycle of the sleep cycle is calculated.

睡眠サイクル測定手段7によって得られた睡眠サイクルの測定結果をデータ記憶・出力手段8に出力することにより図示しないモニター装置に表示することや、印刷装置に印刷することが可能となる。  The measurement result of the sleep cycle obtained by the sleep cycle measurement means 7 is output to the data storage / output means 8 so that it can be displayed on a monitor device (not shown) or printed on a printing device.

上述の実施例では、生体振動検出手段として中空のチューブを用いた例で説明したが、図2に示すエアマットを検出手段として用いることも可能である。ここでは、生体振動検出手段10は内部に空気を封入したエアマット10aの一端にエアチューブ10bが接続され、微差圧センサ10cに接続されて構成されている。微差圧センサ10cは、図1に示す中空のチューブを用いた生体振動検出手段の場合で説明したものと同じセンサ、即ち微差圧センサ1aを用いることができる。  In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a hollow tube is used as the biological vibration detection means has been described. However, the air mat shown in FIG. 2 can also be used as the detection means. Here, the biological vibration detecting means 10 is configured such that an air tube 10b is connected to one end of an air mat 10a in which air is enclosed, and is connected to a slight differential pressure sensor 10c. As the fine differential pressure sensor 10c, the same sensor as that described in the case of the biological vibration detection means using the hollow tube shown in FIG. 1, that is, the fine differential pressure sensor 1a can be used.

図1及び図2に示す生体振動検出手段は、乳幼児のみが寝かせられるベビーベッドなどの場合には適用できるが、母親などの大人が添い寝する場合には、測定対象でない生体振動を検出する結果、乳幼児の生体振動を正しく検出することができない。  The biological vibration detecting means shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be applied in the case of a crib or the like in which only infants are laid down, but when an adult such as a mother is lying together, as a result of detecting biological vibration that is not a measurement target, The biological vibrations of infants cannot be detected correctly.

そのような場合には、生体振動検出部をシート内に収容するように形成し、前記シートを乳幼児の身体に巻きつけるなどの方法により装着して用いることにより、添い寝する大人の生体振動の影響を少なくし、乳幼児の生体振動を検出することができる。その際には装着するシートが乳幼児の日常の生活及び睡眠を妨げないように適度に小型でかつ軽量であることが必要である。  In such a case, the biological vibration detection unit is formed so as to be housed in a seat, and the seat is used by being attached by a method such as wrapping around the body of an infant, so that the influence of biological vibration of an adult lying together is affected. The biological vibration of the infant can be detected. In that case, it is necessary that the seat to be mounted is appropriately small and lightweight so as not to disturb the daily life and sleep of the infant.

次に乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定する手順について図1及び図3もしくは図4を用いて説明する。睡眠サイクルを測定する指標信号として心拍信号あるいは呼吸信号を用いることが可能である。図3のフロー図は生体振動信号から検出した心拍信号を指標信号として睡眠サイクルを測定する工程を示すものであり、図4のフロー図は生体振動信号から検出した呼吸信号から睡眠サイクルを測定する工程を示すものである。  Next, the procedure for measuring the infant's sleep cycle will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 or FIG. A heartbeat signal or a respiration signal can be used as an index signal for measuring the sleep cycle. The flowchart of FIG. 3 shows the process of measuring the sleep cycle using the heartbeat signal detected from the biological vibration signal as an index signal, and the flow diagram of FIG. 4 measures the sleep cycle from the respiratory signal detected from the biological vibration signal. The process is shown.

最初に図1及び図3に基づき、心拍信号を指標信号として睡眠サイクルを測定する実施例について説明する。生体振動検出手段1の生体振動検出部で検出された生体信号は、呼吸信号、心拍信号及び寝返り等の体動信号を含む複雑な振動の信号であり、加えて呼吸信号および心拍信号は微細な信号であるので、信号増幅整形手段2において信号の増幅および整形を行い、次いで生体信号検出手段3において心拍信号や呼吸信号などの生体信号以外の不要な信号をバンドパスフィルターなどにより除去することにより生体信号が検出される。心拍信号を指標信号として睡眠サイクルを測定するには図3における呼吸信号取り込みのステップは上記生体信号のうち心拍信号について信号処理を行う。  First, an embodiment for measuring a sleep cycle using a heartbeat signal as an index signal will be described with reference to FIGS. The biological signal detected by the biological vibration detection unit of the biological vibration detecting means 1 is a complex vibration signal including body movement signals such as a respiratory signal, a heartbeat signal, and a turnover. In addition, the respiratory signal and the heartbeat signal are fine. Since it is a signal, the signal amplification and shaping means 2 amplifies and shapes the signal, and then the biological signal detection means 3 removes unnecessary signals other than biological signals such as heartbeat signals and respiratory signals by a bandpass filter or the like. A biological signal is detected. In order to measure the sleep cycle using the heartbeat signal as an index signal, the step of taking a respiratory signal in FIG. 3 performs signal processing on the heartbeat signal among the biological signals.

生体信号検出手段3により検出された心拍信号に対して、自動利得制御手段4でもって信号のゲインを制御することによりピーク値が制御される。自動利得制御手段(AGC)4を用いることにより心拍強度信号の異常値が排除されることにより、データ処理の信頼性が向上する効果がある。  The peak value is controlled by controlling the gain of the signal with the automatic gain control means 4 for the heartbeat signal detected by the biological signal detection means 3. By using the automatic gain control means (AGC) 4, the abnormal value of the heart rate intensity signal is eliminated, thereby improving the data processing reliability.

信号強度演算手段5において、自動利得制御手段4で適用した心拍信号のゲインを用いて信号強度演算手段5により信号強度を算出する。自動利得制御手段4において生体信号の振幅を一定値に制御するためにゲイン調整を行うが、信号強度演算手段5はこのゲイン値の逆数を生体信号強度として演算する。心拍強度のデータは1秒ごとにサンプリングされ、心拍強度の時系列データが得られる。  In the signal strength calculation means 5, the signal strength calculation means 5 calculates the signal strength using the gain of the heartbeat signal applied by the automatic gain control means 4. The automatic gain control means 4 performs gain adjustment to control the amplitude of the biological signal to a constant value, and the signal strength calculation means 5 calculates the reciprocal of this gain value as the biological signal strength. The heart rate intensity data is sampled every second to obtain time series data of the heart rate intensity.

信号強度分散演算手段6は、信号強度演算手段5で得られた心拍強度の時系列データのうち基準時点から60秒間のデータを取得し、そのデータの分散値を算出する。信号強度分散値を求めることによりデータが平均化されて、寝姿等などの睡眠状態に関係しないデータを得ることができる。信号強度をそのまま使用した場合、寝姿等などの睡眠状態に影響されるために睡眠サイクルの測定を安定して行うことが困難である。  The signal intensity variance calculation means 6 acquires data for 60 seconds from the reference time among the time-series data of the heart rate obtained by the signal intensity calculation means 5, and calculates the variance value of the data. By obtaining the signal intensity variance value, the data is averaged, and data that is not related to the sleeping state, such as sleeping, can be obtained. When the signal intensity is used as it is, it is difficult to stably measure the sleep cycle because it is affected by the sleeping state such as sleeping.

睡眠サイクル測定手段7は、信号強度分散演算手段6で得られた強度の分散値の時系列データに対して1000点移動平均する手段を備えており、信号強度の分散値データを平滑化する。図5(a)に心拍強度の分散値のグラフを、図5(b)に心拍強度の分散値のデータを1000点移動平均した結果のグラフを示す。  The sleep cycle measuring means 7 is provided with means for moving and averaging 1000 points with respect to the time series data of the intensity dispersion values obtained by the signal intensity dispersion calculating means 6, and smoothes the signal intensity dispersion value data. FIG. 5A shows a graph of the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity, and FIG. 5B shows a graph of the result of moving average of 1000 values of the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity.

心拍強度は睡眠深度と密接な関係があることが知られており、睡眠深度が深ければ、心拍強度のばらつきは小さい。一方覚醒状態に近い程心拍強度のばらつきは大きくなる。図5(a)に示す心拍強度の分散値のグラフは短時間での変動値が大きく、睡眠深度の変動が捉えにくい。一方図5(b)の心拍強度の分散値のデータを1000点移動平均した結果のグラフでは、睡眠サイクルの基準時点(グラフの谷底部)を明確に把握することが可能である。  It is known that the heart rate intensity is closely related to the sleep depth. If the sleep depth is deep, the variation in the heart rate intensity is small. On the other hand, the closer to the awake state, the greater the variation in heart rate intensity. The graph of the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity shown in FIG. 5A has a large fluctuation value in a short time, and it is difficult to grasp the fluctuation of the sleep depth. On the other hand, in the graph of the result obtained by moving and averaging 1000 points of the dispersion value data of the heart rate intensity in FIG. 5B, it is possible to clearly grasp the reference time point (valley bottom of the graph) of the sleep cycle.

図5(b)の心拍強度の分散値のデータを1000点移動平均のグラフにおいて、在床か離床かの判定を行う。データ最高値の20%以下であれば離床と判断し、データ最高値の20%以上であれば在床と判断する。在床時間が3時間以上であれば睡眠サイクルの測定作業を次のようにして行う。在床時間が3時間より少ない場合には、睡眠サイクルは測定しない。  It is determined whether the data of the dispersion value of the heart rate intensity in FIG. If it is 20% or less of the maximum data value, it is determined to be out of bed, and if it is 20% or more of the maximum data value, it is determined to be in bed. If the bedtime is 3 hours or more, the sleep cycle measurement operation is performed as follows. If the bedtime is less than 3 hours, the sleep cycle is not measured.

図5(b)のグラフの谷底部の個所に1から6までの番号を付けて示す。谷底部の個所から次の谷底部までの時間が睡眠のサイクルである。睡眠サイクル測定手段7は、1回の睡眠に数回の睡眠サイクルが現れるのでその平均値も求める。その結果はデータ記憶・出力手段8に出力されて表示あるいはデータが出力される。  Numbers 1 to 6 are attached to the valley bottoms in the graph of FIG. The time from the valley bottom to the next valley bottom is the sleep cycle. The sleep cycle measuring means 7 obtains an average value since several sleep cycles appear in one sleep. The result is output to the data storage / output means 8 for display or data output.

図4は、呼吸信号を指標信号として睡眠サイクルを測定するフロー図である。ここでは、生体信号検出手段3において呼吸信号が検出される。呼吸信号を指標信号として睡眠サイクルを測定するには図4における呼吸信号取り込みのステップは上記生体信号のうち呼吸信号について信号処理を行う。  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for measuring a sleep cycle using a respiratory signal as an index signal. Here, the respiratory signal is detected by the biological signal detection means 3. In order to measure the sleep cycle using the respiratory signal as an index signal, the step of capturing the respiratory signal in FIG. 4 performs signal processing on the respiratory signal among the biological signals.

生体信号検出手段3により検出された呼吸信号は、自動利得制御手段4でもって呼吸信号のゲインを制御することによりピーク値が制御され、このピーク値のゲインを用いて信号強度演算手段5により信号強度を算出する。自動利得制御手段4において生体信号の振幅を一定値に制御するためにゲイン調整を行うが、信号強度演算手段5はこのゲイン値の逆数を生体信号強度として演算する。呼吸信号強度のデータは1秒ごとにサンプリングされ、心拍信号強度の時系列データが得られる。  The respiration signal detected by the biological signal detection means 3 is controlled in peak value by controlling the gain of the respiration signal by the automatic gain control means 4, and the signal intensity calculation means 5 uses the gain of this peak value to control the signal. Calculate the intensity. The automatic gain control means 4 performs gain adjustment to control the amplitude of the biological signal to a constant value, and the signal strength calculation means 5 calculates the reciprocal of this gain value as the biological signal strength. Respiratory signal intensity data is sampled every second to obtain time-series data of heartbeat signal intensity.

信号強度分散演算手段6は、信号強度演算手段5で得られた呼吸強度の時系列データのうち基準時点から60秒間のデータを取得し、そのデータの分散値を算出する。信号強度分散値を求めることによりデータが平均化されて、寝姿等などの睡眠状態に関係しないデータを得ることができる。信号強度をそのまま使用した場合、寝姿等などの睡眠状態に影響されるために睡眠サイクルの測定を安定して行うことが出来ない。  The signal intensity variance calculating means 6 acquires data for 60 seconds from the reference time point in the time series data of the respiratory intensity obtained by the signal intensity calculating means 5, and calculates a variance value of the data. By obtaining the signal intensity variance value, the data is averaged, and data that is not related to the sleeping state, such as sleeping, can be obtained. When the signal intensity is used as it is, the sleep cycle cannot be measured stably because it is affected by the sleeping state such as sleeping.

呼吸信号強度は心拍信号強度と同様に睡眠深度と密接な関係があることが知られており、睡眠深度が深ければ、呼吸信号強度のばらつきは小さい。一方覚醒状態に近い程呼吸信号強度のばらつきは大きくなる。上述した心拍信号を指標とした場合と同様にして呼吸信号強度の時系列データを1000点移動平均したグラフから睡眠サイクルを検出する。  It is known that the respiratory signal intensity is closely related to the sleep depth like the heartbeat signal intensity, and if the sleep depth is deep, the variation in the respiratory signal intensity is small. On the other hand, the variation in the respiratory signal intensity increases as the state becomes awake. The sleep cycle is detected from a graph obtained by moving and averaging 1000 points of time-series data of respiratory signal intensity in the same manner as in the case where the heartbeat signal is used as an index.

本実施例の睡眠サイクル測定装置では、生体振動を検出する方法として、乳幼児の身体の下に敷いた生体振動検出手段で得られた生体振動から生体信号を抽出する方法を示した。本実施例を構成する上記の生体振動検出手段は、乳幼児の身体を拘束する装着物およびこれらの装着物に接続される信号用コードなどが不要であり、乳幼児の睡眠を妨げることがない。  In the sleep cycle measuring apparatus of the present embodiment, as a method for detecting biological vibration, a method for extracting a biological signal from biological vibration obtained by biological vibration detection means placed under the infant's body has been shown. The above-described biological vibration detecting means constituting the present embodiment does not require an attachment that restrains the infant's body and a signal cord connected to these attachments, and does not disturb the infant's sleep.

乳幼児の身体に生体振動検出部を巻きつける形態の場合には、生体振動検出部に無線通信手段を備えているので乳幼児に危険をもたらす恐れのある通信ケーブルが不要であり、安全な睡眠サイクルの測定が可能である。  In the case where the biological vibration detection unit is wound around the infant's body, the biological vibration detection unit is equipped with wireless communication means, so there is no need for a communication cable that may pose a danger to the infant, and a safe sleep cycle. Measurement is possible.

乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定するのに必要な生体振動を検出する装置は本実施例で説明した構成に限るものではなく、生体振動を検出することにより呼吸信号あるいは心拍信号などの生体信号が継続的に検出手段であれば使用可能である。例えば身体に装着するタイプの呼吸計や脈波計などの生体振動から呼吸信号や心拍信号を検出する手段であってデータを連続的に記録することが可能であれば本発明の生体振動検出手段として使用可能である。  An apparatus for detecting biological vibrations necessary for measuring an infant's sleep cycle is not limited to the configuration described in the present embodiment. By detecting biological vibrations, biological signals such as respiratory signals and heartbeat signals are continuously generated. Any detection means can be used. For example, the biological vibration detecting means of the present invention is a means for detecting a respiratory signal or a heartbeat signal from a biological vibration such as a respirometer or a pulse wave meter of the type worn on the body, and can record data continuously. Can be used as

本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置は、乳幼児の生体信号強度を求め、その強度のばらつき(分散)を乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定するに用いる指標値とすることにより、乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定するものであり、生体振動を検出する生体振動検出手段は乳幼児に過度な拘束をかけることなく生体信号を検出することができるように構成されているために、乳幼児に身体的および精神的な負担をかけることがない。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus of the present invention measures the infant's sleep cycle by obtaining the biological signal intensity of the infant and using the variation (dispersion) in the intensity as an index value used for measuring the infant's sleep cycle. Yes, since the biological vibration detection means for detecting biological vibration is configured to detect biological signals without excessively restraining the infant, it places a physical and mental burden on the infant. There is no.

本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置は、乳幼児の睡眠サイクルを測定することにより乳幼児の成長状態に対応した睡眠サイクルの周期となっているか確認することにより、乳幼児の健康状態及び成長状態を管理することが可能となり、乳幼児の発達異常や突然死の防止などに寄与すること大なるものがある。  The sleep cycle measuring device of the present invention can manage the health state and growth state of an infant by measuring whether the sleep cycle of the infant corresponds to the growth state of the infant by measuring the sleep cycle of the infant. It is possible to contribute to the prevention of infant developmental abnormalities and sudden death.

本発明の睡眠サイクル測定装置の構成と睡眠サイクルを測定する工程を示すブロック図である。  It is a block diagram which shows the process of measuring the structure and sleep cycle of the sleep cycle measuring apparatus of this invention. 別の生体振動検出手段を示す平面図である。  It is a top view which shows another biological vibration detection means. 心拍信号を用いて睡眠サイクルを測定する手順を示すフロー図である。  It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which measures a sleep cycle using a heartbeat signal. 呼吸信号を用いて睡眠サイクルを測定する手順を示すフロー図である。  It is a flowchart which shows the procedure which measures a sleep cycle using a respiration signal. 心拍信号強度の推移を示すグラフと、心拍信号強度の1000点移動平均値を示すグラフである。  It is a graph which shows transition of a heart rate signal strength, and a 1000 point moving average value of a heart rate signal strength.

1 生体振動検出手段
2 信号増幅整形手段
3 生体信号検出手段
4 自動利得制御手段
5 信号強度演算手段
6 信号強度分散演算手段
7 睡眠サイクル測定手段
8 データ記憶・出力手段
10 生体振動検出手段
11 寝台
12 硬質シート
13 クッションシート
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biological vibration detection means 2 Signal amplification shaping means 3 Biological signal detection means 4 Automatic gain control means 5 Signal intensity calculation means 6 Signal intensity dispersion calculation means 7 Sleep cycle measurement means 8 Data storage / output means 10 Biological vibration detection means 11 Bed 12 Hard sheet 13 Cushion sheet

Claims (9)

乳幼児の生体振動を検出する生体振動検出手段と、
前記生体振動検出手段の出力信号から生体信号を検出する生体信号検出手段と、
前記生体信号検出手段により得られた生体信号の強度の所定時間の分散値を求める生体信号強度分散値算出手段と、
前記生体信号強度分散値算出手段で得られた生体信号強度の分散値から睡眠サイクルを検出する睡眠サイクル検出手段と
から成ることを特徴とする睡眠サイクル測定装置。
Biological vibration detection means for detecting biological vibration of an infant;
Biological signal detection means for detecting a biological signal from the output signal of the biological vibration detection means;
A biological signal intensity dispersion value calculating means for obtaining a dispersion value of the intensity of the biological signal obtained by the biological signal detecting means for a predetermined time;
A sleep cycle measurement device comprising sleep cycle detection means for detecting a sleep cycle from a dispersion value of biological signal intensity obtained by the biological signal intensity variance value calculation means.
前記生体信号は心拍信号であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the biological signal is a heartbeat signal. 前記生体信号は呼吸信号であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the biological signal is a respiratory signal. 前記睡眠サイクル検出手段は、所定時間の生体信号強度の分散値を移動平均する移動平均手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sleep cycle detecting means includes a moving average means for moving and averaging the variance value of the biological signal intensity for a predetermined time. 前記生体振動検出手段は、微差圧センサと生体振動検出部とから成り、生体振動検出部の内部に収容されている空気の圧力変化を微差圧センサでもって検出することにより生体振動を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The bio-vibration detecting means includes a micro-differential pressure sensor and a bio-vibration detecting unit, and detects bio-vibration by detecting a change in the pressure of air stored in the bio-vibration detecting unit with the micro-differential pressure sensor. The sleep cycle measuring device according to claim 1, wherein 前記生体振動検出手段の生体振動検出部は、弾性を有する中空のチューブであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the biological vibration detection unit of the biological vibration detection means is a hollow tube having elasticity. 前記生体振動検出手段の生体振動検出部は、内部に空気を充填したマットであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  6. The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the biological vibration detecting unit of the biological vibration detecting means is a mat filled with air. 前記生体振動検出部をシート内に収容するように形成し、前記シートを乳幼児の身体に装着して用いることを特徴とする請求項6又は請求項7に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the biological vibration detector is formed so as to be housed in a seat, and the seat is used by being attached to an infant's body. 前記生体振動検出部は無線通信手段を備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の睡眠サイクル測定装置。  The sleep cycle measuring apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the biological vibration detection unit includes a wireless communication unit.
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