JP2010194397A

JP2010194397A - Sample crushing implement

Info

Publication number: JP2010194397A
Application number: JP2009039216A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Shuji Yasui; 修二安井
Original assignee: YASUI KIKAI KK
Current assignee: YASUI KIKAI KK
Priority date: 2009-02-23
Filing date: 2009-02-23
Publication date: 2010-09-09

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sample crushing implement which can efficiently crush even a mineral material such as rock. <P>SOLUTION: This sample crushing implement comprises a crushing container 2 including a container body 5 of slender bottomed cylindrical shape, with an inner bottom surface of almost hemispherical or hemielliptic spherical shape, and a lid 6 which seals an opening of the container body 5 in the way that its switching is practicable, and a crushing medium 3 including a columnar body 7 which is arranged with a space formed circumferentially, inside the container body 5, and further, keeps its position almost along the axis of the container body 5 and can move relatively almost in the axial direction, a connection part 8 which projects at least, from one end of the body part 7, with the diameter tapering toward the end part and an almost hemispherical or a hemielliptic spherical crushing end part 9 whose diameter d2 of the maximum diametral part connected with the connection part 8 is smaller than the diameter d1 of the body part 7. That is, the sample crushing implement is designed to accommodate the crushing medium 3 together with the sample 4 as an object for crushing, inside the crushing container 2, and crush the sample 4 by vibrating the crushing container 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、岩石や鉱物材料などの試料を化学的に分析・分画分離するために破砕するのに供する試料破砕具に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a sample crushing tool used for crushing a sample such as a rock or a mineral material for chemical analysis and fractional separation.

各種試料を化学的に分析・分画分離するためには、まず試料を均一に破砕しなければならない。従来その破砕は乳鉢と乳棒とにより手作業によって行われていたが、多くの試料を効率良く破砕するには不向きであるため、試料と破砕媒体を収容した多数の破砕容器を同時に振動させて破砕処理する破砕装置が知られている。従来のこの種の破砕装置としては、遠心チューブ等の破砕容器と、ガラス、セラミック、金属などの微小ビーズなどから成る破砕媒体を用いたものが知られていた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In order to chemically analyze and fractionate various samples, the samples must first be uniformly crushed. Conventionally, the crushing has been performed manually with a mortar and pestle, but it is unsuitable for crushing many samples efficiently, so many crushing containers containing samples and crushing media are vibrated at the same time for crushing. Crushing devices for processing are known. As a conventional crushing device of this type, a device using a crushing container such as a centrifuge tube and a crushing medium made of fine beads such as glass, ceramic, and metal has been known (for example, see Patent Document 1).

ところが、微小ビーズの破砕媒体を用いたものでは、鉱物材料などの試料であると、破砕媒体の質量が小さいために破砕することができないという問題がある。そこで、本出願人は、先に、細長い有底円筒状で、底面が略半球状、半楕円球状、又は截頭円錐状に凹設された容器本体とその蓋体とを備えた破砕容器と、破砕容器内に収容され、本体部が容器本体内にその軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持してほぼ軸心方向に相対移動するように円柱状に形成され、一方の端部が容器本体の底面形状に対応するように略半球状、半楕円球状、又は截頭円錐状に凸設された破砕媒体とを備えた試料破砕具を提案している（例えば、特許文献２参照）。 However, in the case of using a microbead crushing medium, a sample such as a mineral material has a problem that it cannot be crushed because the mass of the crushing medium is small. Therefore, the present applicant firstly has an elongated bottomed cylindrical shape, and a crushing container provided with a container body whose bottom surface is recessed into a substantially hemispherical shape, a semi-elliptical spherical shape, or a frustoconical shape, and a lid thereof. The container body is housed in a crushing container, and the main body portion is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to relatively move in the axial direction while maintaining a posture substantially along the axial center in the container main body. Has proposed a sample crushing tool provided with a crushing medium protruding in a substantially hemispherical shape, a semi-elliptical spherical shape, or a frustoconical shape so as to correspond to the shape of the bottom surface (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

特公平６−３６７３２号公報Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-36732 特開２００５−５１５０５号公報JP 2005-51505 A

ところで、特許文献２に記載された試料破砕具によれば、破砕容器内に試料と破砕媒体を収容して破砕容器の軸心にほぼ沿った往復振動を加えることで、破砕容器が乳鉢、破砕媒体が乳棒のように作用して、試料が大型の動植物組織やプラスチック材料などの場合でも効率的に破砕することができるが、岩石などの鉱物材料に対してはなお十分に効率的に破砕することができないという問題が残った。 By the way, according to the sample crushing tool described in Patent Document 2, the crushing container is a mortar, crushing by storing the sample and the crushing medium in the crushing container and applying a reciprocating vibration substantially along the axis of the crushing container. The medium acts like a pestle and can be efficiently crushed even when the sample is a large animal or plant tissue or plastic material, but it is still sufficiently efficient for mineral materials such as rocks. The problem of not being able to remain.

本発明は、上記従来の問題に鑑み、岩石などの鉱物材料に対しても効率的に破砕することができる試料破砕具を提供することを目的とする。 An object of this invention is to provide the sample crushing tool which can crush efficiently also about mineral materials, such as a rock, in view of the said conventional problem.

本発明の試料破砕具は、破砕容器内に破砕対象の試料とともに破砕媒体を収容し、破砕容器を振動させて試料を破砕する試料破砕具であって、細長い有底円筒状で、内底面が略半球状または半楕円球状の容器本体と、容器本体の開口部を開閉可能に封止する蓋体とを有する破砕容器と、容器本体内に周方向に隙間をあけて配置され、容器本体の軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持してほぼ軸心方向に相対移動可能な円柱状の本体部と、本体部の少なくとも一端から突出されかつ径が端部に向けて細くなる接続部と、接続部に連続して設けられた破砕端部とを有する破砕媒体とを備え、破砕媒体の破砕端部は、接続部に連続する最大径部の直径が本体部の直径より小さい略半球状又は半楕円球に形成したものである。 The sample crushing tool of the present invention is a sample crushing tool that contains a crushing medium together with a sample to be crushed in a crushing container, and crushes the sample by vibrating the crushing container, and has an elongated bottomed cylindrical shape with an inner bottom surface. A crushing container having a substantially hemispherical or semi-elliptical spherical container body, a lid that seals the opening of the container body so as to be openable and closable, and disposed in the container body with a gap in the circumferential direction. A columnar main body that can be moved relatively in the axial direction while maintaining a posture substantially along the axis, and a connection that protrudes from at least one end of the main body and has a diameter that narrows toward the end. A crushing medium having a crushing end portion continuously provided in the section, and the crushing end portion of the crushing medium has a substantially hemispherical or semi-spherical shape in which the diameter of the largest diameter portion continuous to the connection portion is smaller than the diameter of the main body portion. It is formed in an elliptical sphere.

この構成によれば、破砕容器内に試料と破砕媒体を収容して破砕容器の軸心方向にほぼ沿った往復振動を加えると、破砕媒体が容器本体内でその軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持してほぼ軸心方向に往復移動することで、破砕媒体の質量の大きな本体部に作用する慣性エネルギーが接続部を介して径の小さい破砕端部に伝達されることで、試料に対する接触面積の小さい破砕端部から試料に十分に大きな破砕エネルギーが付与され、試料に十分に大きな破砕応力を発生させることができ、また破砕容器と本体部の間の周方向の隙間により、さらに８の字状の往復振動を加えたときには特に、破砕媒体がその軸心が任意の方向に僅かに傾いた種々の姿勢をとりつつ往復移動するとともに軸心回りに相対回転することで、破砕端部が容器本体の略半球状または半楕円球状の内底面に試料を擦り付けるように作用し、破砕容器が乳鉢、破砕媒体が乳棒で、乳鉢内の試料を乳棒で叩きながら磨り潰すように作用するので、岩石などの鉱物材料に対しても効率的に破砕することができる。 According to this configuration, when the sample and the crushing medium are accommodated in the crushing container and a reciprocating vibration substantially along the axial direction of the crushing container is applied, the crushing medium has a posture substantially along the axis in the container body. By holding and reciprocating substantially in the axial direction, the inertial energy acting on the main body part with a large mass of the crushing medium is transmitted to the crushing end part with a small diameter via the connection part, so that the contact area with the sample A sufficiently large crushing energy is imparted to the sample from the small crushing end, and a sufficiently large crushing stress can be generated on the sample. Further, due to the circumferential clearance between the crushing container and the main body, an additional figure 8 In particular, when crushing reciprocal vibration is applied, the crushing medium reciprocates while taking various postures whose axis is slightly inclined in an arbitrary direction, and is relatively rotated around the axis, so that the crushing end becomes a container. The main hemisphere Or it acts to rub the sample against the inner bottom surface of a semi-elliptical sphere, and the crushing container is a mortar, the crushing medium is a pestle, and the sample in the mortar is crushed while hitting with a pestle, so it can be applied to mineral materials such as rocks. In contrast, it can be efficiently crushed.

また、破砕媒体における破砕端部の最大径部の直径ｄ２は、本体部の直径ｄ１の２／３以下、１／４以上とするのが好適である。破砕端部の直径ｄ２が本体部の直径ｄ１の２／３を超えると、破砕端部の試料に対する接触面積が大きくなり、本体部の慣性によって発生した破砕エネルギーで試料に十分に大きな破砕応力を作用させることができなくなって試料を効率的に破砕することができず、逆に破砕端部の直径ｄ２が本体部の直径ｄ１の１／４未満では、破砕端部が小さ過ぎて破砕端部から試料が逃れる確率が高くなって未破砕の試料が残ることがあるとともに破砕端部に作用する衝撃に耐え得る強度を確保するのが困難になる。 The diameter d2 of the maximum diameter portion of the crushing end portion in the crushing medium is preferably 2/3 or less and 1/4 or more of the diameter d1 of the main body portion. When the diameter d2 of the crushing end exceeds 2/3 of the diameter d1 of the main body, the contact area of the crushing end with the sample increases, and the crushing energy generated by the inertia of the main body gives a sufficiently large crushing stress to the sample. If the diameter d2 of the crushing end is less than ¼ of the diameter d1 of the main body, the crushing end is too small and the crushing end can not be crushed efficiently. As a result, the probability of the sample escaping becomes high, an uncrushed sample may remain, and it becomes difficult to ensure the strength to withstand the impact acting on the crushed end.

また、接続部は、本体部に向けて径大となるラッパ形状若しくは截頭円錐形状又はこれらと小径短寸円柱形状とを組み合わせた形状とすると、径が連続的に漸次に小さくなるので、本体部で発生した破砕エネルギーを効果的に伝達できるとともに、局部応力が発生しないので、強度及び耐久性を確保することができて好適である。 In addition, if the connecting portion has a trumpet shape or a frusto-conical shape that increases in diameter toward the main body portion, or a shape that combines these with a small-diameter short cylindrical shape, the diameter continuously decreases gradually. Since the crushing energy generated at the part can be effectively transmitted and no local stress is generated, the strength and durability can be ensured.

本発明の試料破砕具によれば、破砕容器内に収容した破砕媒体の質量の大きな本体部に作用する慣性エネルギーが接続部を介して径の小さい破砕端部に伝達されることで、試料に十分に大きな破砕エネルギーを付与して試料に十分に大きな破砕応力を発生させることができ、かつ破砕媒体が任意の方向に僅かに傾いた種々の姿勢をとりつつ往復移動するとともに軸心回りに相対回転することで、乳鉢としての破砕容器内の試料を乳棒としての破砕媒体で叩きながら磨り潰すように作用するので、岩石などの鉱物材料に対しても効率的に破砕することができる。 According to the sample crushing tool of the present invention, the inertial energy acting on the main body having a large mass of the crushing medium accommodated in the crushing container is transmitted to the crushing end having a small diameter through the connection portion, thereby A sufficiently large crushing energy can be applied to generate a sufficiently large crushing stress on the sample, and the crushing medium can be reciprocated while taking various postures slightly tilted in any direction and relative to the axis. By rotating, the sample in the crushing container as a mortar acts to be crushed while being hit with a crushing medium as a pestle, so that it can be efficiently crushed even against mineral materials such as rocks.

図１は本発明の一実施形態の試料破砕具の縦断正面図である。FIG. 1 is a longitudinal front view of a sample crushing tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図２は同実施形態の破砕媒体の正面図である。FIG. 2 is a front view of the crushing medium of the embodiment. 図３は同実施形態における破砕媒体の動作説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the operation of the crushing medium in the same embodiment. 図４は同実施形態の破砕媒体の変形構成例を示す正面図である。FIG. 4 is a front view showing a modified configuration example of the crushing medium according to the embodiment. 図５は同実施形態における破砕装置の要部構成を示す縦断正面図である。FIG. 5 is a longitudinal front view showing the main configuration of the crushing apparatus in the same embodiment.

以下、本発明に係る試料破砕具の一実施形態について、図１〜図５を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of a sample crushing tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

図１において、１は試料破砕具で、破砕容器２と破砕媒体３にて構成され、破砕容器２内に破砕対象の試料４と破砕媒体３を収容し、試料破砕具１を振動させることで岩石や鉱物試料などの試料４を破砕するものである。 In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a sample crushing tool, which is composed of a crushing container 2 and a crushing medium 3. The crushing target sample 4 and crushing medium 3 are accommodated in the crushing container 2, and the sample crushing tool 1 is vibrated. Sample 4 such as a rock or mineral sample is crushed.

破砕容器２は、細長い有底円筒容器から成り、その開口部外周にねじ５ａが形成され、内底面が略半球状または半楕円球状の底部が乳鉢として機能する容器本体５と、容器本体５の開口部に螺合されて容器本体５を開閉可能に密閉する蓋体６にて構成されている。蓋体６の外形状は、容器本体５の底部と略同一に形成されている。この破砕容器２は、試料４の材質や量に応じて２〜５０ｍｌの内容積のものが用いられる。 The crushing container 2 is composed of an elongated bottomed cylindrical container, a screw 5a is formed on the outer periphery of the opening thereof, a container body 5 whose inner bottom surface has a substantially hemispherical or semi-elliptical spherical bottom and functions as a mortar, It is comprised by the cover body 6 screwed together by the opening part and sealing the container main body 5 so that opening and closing is possible. The outer shape of the lid 6 is formed substantially the same as the bottom of the container body 5. The crushing container 2 has an internal volume of 2 to 50 ml depending on the material and amount of the sample 4.

破砕媒体３は、図１、図２に示すように、円柱状の本体部７と、本体部７の両端から突出されかつ径が端部に向けて細くなる接続部８と、接続部８に連続して設けられた破砕端部９とを有する形状の単一の部材にて構成されている。破砕端部９は、接続部８に連続する略半球状又は半楕円球に形成されている。本体部７は、その外径ｄ1が容器本体５の内径Ｄより１〜５ｍｍ程度小さく設定されて容器本体５内に周方向に隙間をあけて配置されるとともに、軸心方向の長さＬ3が容器本体５の内径Ｄより大きく設定され、容器本体５の軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持するとともに、容器本体５の軸心に対して僅かに軸心を傾けた姿勢を種々に変化させながらほぼ軸心方向に相対移動可能に構成されている。なお、上記内径Ｄと上記外径ｄ1との関係は、（Ｄ−ｄ1）/Ｄが、０．０５〜０．３０となるのが好ましい。 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the crushing medium 3 includes a cylindrical main body portion 7, a connection portion 8 that protrudes from both ends of the main body portion 7 and has a diameter that narrows toward the end portion, and a connection portion 8. It is comprised with the single member of the shape which has the crushing edge part 9 provided continuously. The crushing end portion 9 is formed in a substantially hemispherical shape or a semi-elliptical sphere continuous with the connecting portion 8. The main body 7 has an outer diameter d1 set to be about 1 to 5 mm smaller than an inner diameter D of the container main body 5 and is disposed in the container main body 5 with a gap in the circumferential direction, and has an axial length L3. While being set to be larger than the inner diameter D of the container main body 5 and maintaining the posture substantially along the axis of the container main body 5, the posture with the axis slightly inclined with respect to the axis of the container main body 5 is variously changed. It is configured to be relatively movable substantially in the axial direction. The relationship between the inner diameter D and the outer diameter d1 is preferably such that (D−d1) / D is 0.05 to 0.30.

接続部８は、図１、図２の例では、本体部７に向けて径大となる截頭円錐形状部８ａと小径短寸円柱形状部８ｂとを組み合わせて構成されている。この接続部８は、本体部７から破砕端部９に向けて径を連続的に漸次に小さくすればよいので、図４に実線で示すように、ラッパ形状部８ｃにて構成しても良く、また図４に仮想線で示すように、截頭円錐形状部８ａのみで構成しても良い。 In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the connecting portion 8 is configured by combining a frustoconical shape portion 8 a having a large diameter toward the main body portion 7 and a small diameter short cylindrical shape portion 8 b. The connecting portion 8 may be configured by a trumpet shape portion 8c as shown by a solid line in FIG. 4 because the diameter may be continuously and gradually reduced from the main body portion 7 toward the crushing end portion 9. Further, as indicated by a virtual line in FIG. 4, it may be configured only by the truncated cone-shaped portion 8a.

破砕端部９は、最大径部の直径ｄ２が本体部７の外径ｄ１よりも小さく設定されている。詳しくは、破砕端部９の最大径部の直径ｄ２は、本体部の直径ｄ１の２／３以下、１／４以上に設定とするのが好適である。 The crushing end portion 9 is set such that the diameter d2 of the maximum diameter portion is smaller than the outer diameter d1 of the main body portion 7. Specifically, the diameter d2 of the maximum diameter portion of the crushing end portion 9 is preferably set to 2/3 or less and 1/4 or more of the diameter d1 of the main body portion.

破砕容器２を構成する容器本体５及び蓋体６の材質としては、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリフッ化エチレンなどの合成樹脂を用いることができ、着色剤を添加しない透明もしくは半透明のものを用いることで、破砕状態を外部から目視することができ、破砕の進行状態をチェックしながら破砕を行うことができる。具体例としては、ザルスタッド社（ＳＡＲＳＴＥＤＴ：ドイツ）製のねじ口タイプ遠心チューブや、エッペンドルフ社（ＥＰＰＥＮＤＯＬＦ：ドイツ）製のセイフロックチューブや、ノルゲン社（ＮＡＬＧＥＮ社：アメリカ）製の遠心チューブなどが好適に用いられる。また、ステンレス鋼などの金属チューブや、その内面にポリフッ化エチレンコーティングを施したものを用いることもできる。 As the material of the container body 5 and the lid body 6 constituting the crushing container 2, a synthetic resin such as polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyfluorinated ethylene can be used, and a transparent or translucent material not added with a colorant is used. Thus, the crushing state can be visually observed from the outside, and crushing can be performed while checking the progressing state of crushing. Specific examples include a screw mouth type centrifugal tube manufactured by Sarstedt (SARSTED: Germany), a safe rock tube manufactured by Eppendorf (EPPENDOLF: Germany), a centrifugal tube manufactured by Norgen (NALGEN: USA), and the like. Preferably used. In addition, a metal tube such as stainless steel, or an inner surface of which a polyfluorinated ethylene coating is applied can be used.

また、破砕媒体３の材質としては、ＳＵＳ３４０などの磁性ステンレス、ＳＵＳ３０４硬質ステンレスなどのステンレス鋼、炭素鋼、チタン、タングステン、ジルコニア、タングステンカーバイド、セラミックなどを単体又は複合して構成したものを適宜に用いることができる。 Further, as the material of the crushing medium 3, a material composed of a single body or a combination of magnetic stainless steel such as SUS340, stainless steel such as SUS304 hard stainless steel, carbon steel, titanium, tungsten, zirconia, tungsten carbide, ceramic, or the like is appropriately used. Can be used.

次に、以上の試料破砕具１に振動を加えて試料４の破砕を行う破砕装置１０の構成を、図５を参照して説明する。ベース板１１上に固設された軸受筒体１２にて軸受１３を介して回転軸１４が鉛直軸心回りに回転自在に支持されるとともに、この回転軸１４をベース板１１の下部に配設された回転駆動手段（図示せず）にて回転駆動可能に構成されている。回転軸１４の上部には、傾斜軸体１５が嵌合固定されており、傾斜軸体１５の外周には軸受１６を介して相対回転自在に環状体１７が装着されている。この環状体１７の外周下部の適所に磁石１８が取付けられている。また、軸受筒体１２の外周上部に取付られた取付ブラケット１９にて支持された対極磁石２０が磁石１８に対向するように配置されている。これら磁石１８と対極磁石２０の吸着力によって、回転軸１４及び傾斜軸体１５が回転した場合に、環状体１７の回転を阻止して傾斜軸体１５の回転に伴って環状体１７が振れ運動を行うように構成されている。 Next, the configuration of the crushing apparatus 10 that crushes the sample 4 by applying vibration to the sample crushing tool 1 will be described with reference to FIG. A rotating shaft 14 is supported by a bearing cylinder 12 fixed on the base plate 11 via a bearing 13 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis, and the rotating shaft 14 is disposed below the base plate 11. The rotary drive means (not shown) is configured to be rotationally driven. An inclined shaft body 15 is fitted and fixed to the upper portion of the rotating shaft 14, and an annular body 17 is mounted on the outer periphery of the inclined shaft body 15 via a bearing 16 so as to be relatively rotatable. A magnet 18 is attached to an appropriate position at the lower periphery of the annular body 17. Further, a counter electrode magnet 20 supported by a mounting bracket 19 attached to the upper outer periphery of the bearing cylinder 12 is disposed so as to face the magnet 18. When the rotating shaft 14 and the inclined shaft body 15 rotate due to the attractive force of the magnet 18 and the counter electrode magnet 20, the annular body 17 is prevented from rotating, and the annular body 17 swings along with the rotation of the inclined shaft body 15. Is configured to do.

この環状体１７の上部には取付段部２１が設けられ、その上に環状保持体２２が載置された固定ボルト２３にて締結固定されている。環状保持体２２の外周部には多数の細長い容器ケース２４が環状体１７の軸心と平行姿勢で配設されており、この容器ケース２４内に上記試料破砕具１を収容して支持するように構成されている。また、容器ケース２４の上には容器ケース２４の開口を閉鎖するとともに試料破砕具１を上から固定する蓋２５が被せられ、この蓋２５の上面を押圧板２６で押圧固定するように構成されている。押圧板２６は、環状保持体２２上に複数配設された、蓋２５の上面高さ位置と同一高さの取付ボス２７上に設置されて固定ねじ２８にて締結固定される。 An attachment step portion 21 is provided on the upper portion of the annular body 17, and is fastened and fixed by a fixing bolt 23 on which an annular holding body 22 is placed. A large number of elongated container cases 24 are arranged on the outer periphery of the annular holder 22 in a posture parallel to the axis of the annular body 17 so that the sample crushing tool 1 is accommodated and supported in the container case 24. It is configured. Further, a cover 25 for closing the opening of the container case 24 and fixing the sample crushing tool 1 from above is put on the container case 24, and the upper surface of the cover 25 is configured to be pressed and fixed by a pressing plate 26. ing. A plurality of the pressing plates 26 are installed on the mounting bosses 27 disposed on the annular holding body 22 and having the same height as the upper surface height position of the lid 25, and are fastened and fixed by fixing screws 28.

以上の試料破砕具１と破砕装置１０によって試料４を破砕する際には、破砕容器２の容器本体５内に試料４と破砕媒体３を収容して蓋体６にて密閉して、破砕対象の試料４を収容した多数の試料破砕具１を準備しておく。この試料破砕具１を破砕装置１０の容器ケース２４内に収容し、蓋２５を被せて押圧板２６で固定した状態で、回転駆動手段（図示せず）にて回転軸１４を回転駆動する。すると、試料破砕具１はその軸心方向の比較的長い行程の主往復移動とそれと直交する方向の比較的短い行程の副往復移動を組み合わせた８の字状の往復振動３０を繰り返すことになる。 When crushing the sample 4 with the sample crushing tool 1 and the crushing device 10 described above, the sample 4 and the crushing medium 3 are accommodated in the container body 5 of the crushing container 2 and sealed with the lid body 6 to be crushed. A number of sample crushing tools 1 containing the sample 4 are prepared. The sample crushing tool 1 is accommodated in the container case 24 of the crushing apparatus 10, and the rotating shaft 14 is rotationally driven by a rotational driving means (not shown) in a state where the lid 25 is covered and fixed by the pressing plate 26. Then, the sample crushing tool 1 repeats an 8-shaped reciprocating vibration 30 that combines a main reciprocating movement in a relatively long stroke in the axial direction and a sub-reciprocating movement in a relatively short stroke in the direction orthogonal thereto. .

この試料破砕具１の８の字状の往復振動３０に伴って、破砕容器２内で、破砕媒体３が図３に示すように、破砕容器２の軸心方向に沿って矢印３１で示すように往復振動するとともに、破砕容器２の内周と破砕媒体３の本体部７の外周の間の周方向の隙間により、矢印３２で示すように破砕容器２の軸心に対して破砕媒体３の軸心が傾く方向に往復振動し、さらに矢印３３で示すように軸心回りに相対回転することになる。このように破砕容器２内で破砕媒体３が動作することによって試料４が効率的に破砕される。 As shown in FIG. 3, the crushing medium 3 is indicated by an arrow 31 along the axial direction of the crushing container 2 as shown in FIG. The crushing medium 3 is reciprocally oscillated at the same time, and the gap between the inner circumference of the crushing container 2 and the outer circumference of the main body portion 7 of the crushing medium 3 causes The shaft reciprocates in the direction in which the shaft tilts, and further rotates relative to the shaft center as indicated by an arrow 33. Thus, the sample 4 is efficiently crushed by operating the crushing medium 3 in the crushing container 2.

すなわち、破砕媒体３が破砕容器２内でその軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持して矢印３１の如くほぼ軸心方向に往復移動することで、破砕媒体３の質量の大きな本体部７に作用する慣性エネルギーが接続部８を介して径の小さい破砕端部９に伝達されることで、試料４に対する接触面積の小さい破砕端部４から試料４に十分に大きな破砕エネルギーが付与され、試料４に十分に大きな破砕応力が発生することになる。また、破砕媒体３が矢印３３の如く相対回転しつつ、破砕媒体３が矢印３２の如くその軸心が任意の方向に僅かに傾いた種々の姿勢をとるように往復移動することで、破砕端部９が図３に仮想線で示すように容器本体５の略半球状または半楕円球状の内底面に試料４を擦り付けるように動作することになり、それによって破砕容器２が乳鉢、破砕媒体３が乳棒で、乳鉢内の試料４を乳棒で叩きながら磨り潰すように作用する。かくして、岩石などの鉱物材料の試料４を効率的に破砕することができる。 In other words, the crushing medium 3 maintains a posture substantially along the axis in the crushing container 2 and reciprocates substantially in the axis direction as indicated by an arrow 31, thereby acting on the main body 7 having a large mass of the crushing medium 3. Is transmitted to the crushing end portion 9 having a small diameter through the connection portion 8, so that a sufficiently large crushing energy is applied to the sample 4 from the crushing end portion 4 having a small contact area with the sample 4. Therefore, a sufficiently large crushing stress is generated. Further, while the crushing medium 3 is relatively rotated as indicated by an arrow 33, the crushing medium 3 is reciprocated so as to take various postures whose axis is slightly inclined in an arbitrary direction as indicated by an arrow 32. The portion 9 operates so as to rub the sample 4 against the substantially hemispherical or semi-elliptical spherical inner bottom surface of the container body 5 as indicated by phantom lines in FIG. 3, whereby the crushing container 2 becomes a mortar and crushing medium 3. Is a pestle, and acts to grind the sample 4 in the mortar while hitting it with the pestle. Thus, the sample 4 of a mineral material such as rock can be efficiently crushed.

また、破砕媒体３における破砕端部９の最大径部の直径ｄ２を、本体部７の直径ｄ１の２／３以下、１／４以上としているので、破砕端部９の試料４に対する接触面積が大きいために試料４に所要の破砕応力を作用させることができないというようなことがなく、また破砕端部９が小さ過ぎて破砕端部９から試料が逃れる確率が高くなって未破砕の試料４が残ったり破砕端部９に作用する衝撃に耐え得る強度を確保し難いというようなことがなく、試料４を確実に効率的に破砕することができる。 Moreover, since the diameter d2 of the largest diameter part of the crushing end 9 in the crushing medium 3 is set to 2/3 or less and 1/4 or more of the diameter d1 of the main body part 7, the contact area of the crushing end 9 with the sample 4 is small. It is not so large that the required crushing stress cannot be applied to the sample 4 because it is large, and the crushing end portion 9 is too small, and the probability that the sample escapes from the crushing end portion 9 is increased. Thus, the sample 4 can be reliably and efficiently crushed without being difficult to secure the strength that can withstand the impact acting on the crushing end 9.

また、接続部８を、本体部７側が径大となる截頭円錐形状部８ａ若しくはラッパ形状部８ｃ又はこれらと小径短寸円柱形状部８ｂとを組み合わせた形状としていることで、径が連続的に漸次に小さくなるので、慣性エネルギーの伝達が効果的に行われるとともに、局部応力が発生しないので、強度及び耐久性を確保することができる。 Further, the connecting portion 8 has a truncated conical shape portion 8a or a trumpet shape portion 8c having a large diameter on the main body portion 7 side, or a combination of these and a small diameter short cylindrical shape portion 8b, so that the diameter is continuous. Accordingly, the inertial energy is effectively transmitted and no local stress is generated, so that strength and durability can be ensured.

具体例を示すと、図１に示した形状で、内径Ｄが２３ｍｍ、軸方向長さ（内面側）Ｌが１００ｍｍのポリカーボネート製の破砕容器２内に、破砕対象の試料４として岩石１．０ｇと、図１、図２に示した形状（Ｌ１＝５５ｍｍ、Ｌ２＝３５ｍｍ、Ｌ３＝２０ｍｍ、ｄ1＝２０ｍｍ、ｄ2＝１０ｍｍ、）のアルミナ製の破砕媒体３とを収容して蓋体６にて密閉し、この試料４を収容した試料破砕具１を、容器ケース２４の回転半径が８０ｍｍ、傾斜軸体１５の傾斜角が５°の破砕装置１０における容器ケース２４に収容して押圧板２６で固定し、回転軸１４を３０００ｒｐｍで回転駆動して破砕動作を行った。その結果、１０ｓｅｃの破砕動作を２回行ったところ、岩石を完全に破砕することができた。 Specifically, in the shape shown in FIG. 1, 1.0 g of rock as a sample 4 to be crushed is placed in a polycarbonate crushing container 2 having an inner diameter D of 23 mm and an axial length (inner surface side) L of 100 mm. And a crushing medium 3 made of alumina having the shape shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (L1 = 55 mm, L2 = 35 mm, L3 = 20 mm, d1 = 20 mm, d2 = 10 mm) The sample crushing tool 1 hermetically sealed and containing the sample 4 is accommodated in the container case 24 of the crushing device 10 in which the rotation radius of the container case 24 is 80 mm and the inclination angle of the inclined shaft body 15 is 5 °, and is pressed by the pressing plate 26. The crushing operation was performed by rotating and rotating the rotating shaft 14 at 3000 rpm. As a result, when the crushing operation for 10 sec was performed twice, the rock could be completely crushed.

本発明の試料破砕具は、破砕容器内に収容した破砕媒体の質量の大きな本体部に作用する慣性エネルギーが接続部を介して径の小さい破砕端部に伝達されることで、試料に十分に大きな破砕エネルギーを付与して試料に十分に大きな破砕応力を発生させることができ、かつ破砕媒体が任意の方向に僅かに傾いた種々の姿勢をとりつつ往復移動することで、乳鉢としての破砕容器内の試料を乳棒としての破砕媒体で叩きながら磨り潰すように作用して効率的に破砕することができるので、岩石や鉱物材料などの試料の破砕に好適に利用することができる。 In the sample crushing tool of the present invention, the inertial energy acting on the main body having a large mass of the crushing medium accommodated in the crushing container is transmitted to the crushing end having a small diameter through the connecting portion, so that the sample is sufficiently applied to the sample. A crushing container as a mortar can be provided with a large crushing energy to generate a sufficiently large crushing stress on the sample, and the crushing medium reciprocates while taking various postures slightly inclined in any direction. Since the sample can be crushed while being crushed while being hit with a crushing medium as a pestle, it can be suitably used for crushing samples such as rocks and mineral materials.

１試料破砕具
２破砕容器
３破砕媒体
４試料
５容器本体
６蓋体
７本体部
８接続部
８ａ截頭円錐形状部
８ｂ短寸円柱形状部
８ｃラッパ形状部
９破砕端部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sample crushing tool 2 Crushing container 3 Crushing medium 4 Sample 5 Container main body 6 Lid body 7 Main body part 8 Connection part 8a truncated cone shape part 8b short cylindrical shape part 8c trumpet shape part 9 crushing edge part

Claims

破砕容器内に破砕対象の試料とともに破砕媒体を収容し、破砕容器を振動させて試料を破砕する試料破砕具であって、
細長い有底円筒状で、内底面が略半球状または半楕円球状の容器本体と、容器本体の開口部を開閉可能に封止する蓋体とを有する破砕容器と、
容器本体内に周方向に隙間をあけて配置され、容器本体の軸心にほぼ沿った姿勢を保持してほぼ軸心方向に相対移動可能な円柱状の本体部と、本体部の少なくとも一端から突出されかつ径が端部に向けて細くなる接続部と、接続部に連続して設けられた破砕端部とを有する破砕媒体とを備え、
破砕媒体の破砕端部は、接続部に連続する最大径部の直径が本体部の直径より小さい略半球状又は半楕円球に形成したことを特徴とする試料破砕具。 A sample crushing tool that contains a crushing medium together with a sample to be crushed in a crushing container, and crushes the sample by vibrating the crushing container,
A crushing container having an elongated bottomed cylindrical shape and a container body whose inner bottom surface is substantially hemispherical or semi-elliptical spherical, and a lid that seals an opening of the container body so as to be openable and closable;
A cylindrical main body that is arranged in the container main body with a gap in the circumferential direction and that can maintain a posture substantially along the axis of the container main body and can be relatively moved in the axial direction, and at least one end of the main body. A crushing medium having a connecting portion protruding and having a diameter narrowing toward the end portion, and a crushing end portion provided continuously to the connecting portion,
The crushing end portion of the crushing medium is formed into a substantially hemispherical or semi-elliptical sphere having a diameter of a maximum diameter portion continuous to the connection portion smaller than that of the main body portion.

破砕媒体における破砕端部の最大径部の直径ｄ２は、本体部の直径ｄ１の２／３以下、１／４以上であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の試料破砕具。 The sample crushing tool according to claim 1, wherein the diameter d2 of the maximum diameter portion of the crushing end of the crushing medium is 2/3 or less and 1/4 or more of the diameter d1 of the main body.

接続部は、本体部に向けて径大となるラッパ形状若しくは截頭円錐形状又はこれらと小径短寸円柱形状とを組み合わせた形状であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の試料破砕具。 2. The sample crushing tool according to claim 1, wherein the connecting portion has a trumpet shape or a truncated cone shape that increases in diameter toward the main body portion, or a shape in which these are combined with a small-diameter short columnar shape.