JP2010031349A - Iron-based powdery mixture for powder metallurgy - Google Patents

Iron-based powdery mixture for powder metallurgy Download PDF

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JP2010031349A
JP2010031349A JP2008282885A JP2008282885A JP2010031349A JP 2010031349 A JP2010031349 A JP 2010031349A JP 2008282885 A JP2008282885 A JP 2008282885A JP 2008282885 A JP2008282885 A JP 2008282885A JP 2010031349 A JP2010031349 A JP 2010031349A
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powder
iron
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JP5245728B2 (en
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Takashi Kono
貴史 河野
Tomoshige Ono
友重 尾野
Yukiko Ozaki
由紀子 尾▲崎▼
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JFE Steel Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iron-based powdery mixture for powder metallurgy suitable for use in a powder metallurgy technology, which can achieve both improvement of fluidity of the iron-based powdery mixture and reduction of an extracting force of a compact and can achieve improvement for productivity in the compacting and sintering processes and for yield of the compact and a sintered body by an inexpensive means. <P>SOLUTION: Disclosed is an iron-based powdery mixture obtained by mixing metal porous particles 1 and iron powder. Each metal porous particle 1 is composed of the assemblies of primary particles 3 with the particle diameter of 0.001 to 10 μm, or each metal porous particle 1 includes a connected channel structure 4 and includes the particle diameter of 1 to 100 μm, and also, a lubricant 2 is involved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、粉末冶金技術に用いて好適な鉄基混合粉末に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an iron-based mixed powder suitable for use in powder metallurgy technology.

粉末冶金技術に用いる鉄基混合粉末は、基本成分となる鉄粉に、合金成分を含有する金属粉末(以下、合金用粉末という)と潤滑剤とを混合して製造される。その際、一般に合金用粉末として黒鉛粉末,銅粉末,リン化鉄粉末等が使用され、潤滑剤としてステアリン酸亜鉛,ステアリン酸リチウム等が使用される。また、必要に応じて切削性改善用粉末(たとえばMnS等)を添加する場合もある。   The iron-based mixed powder used in the powder metallurgy technique is manufactured by mixing iron powder as a basic component with a metal powder containing an alloy component (hereinafter referred to as alloy powder) and a lubricant. At that time, graphite powder, copper powder, iron phosphide powder or the like is generally used as the alloy powder, and zinc stearate, lithium stearate or the like is used as the lubricant. Further, a machinability improving powder (for example, MnS) may be added as necessary.

このような鉄基混合粉末を粉末冶金技術に適用するにあたって、鉄基混合粉末を金型に充填し、加圧成形して製造した成形体(以下、圧粉体という)を金型から取り出して焼結する。しかしながら鉄粉,合金用粉末,潤滑剤,切削性改善用粉末は各々の特性(すなわち粒径,形状,比重等)が異なるので、混合して得た鉄基混合粉末を輸送し、さらにホッパーへ装入およびホッパーから排出することによって、合金用粉末,潤滑剤,切削性改善用粉末等が鉄基混合粉末中で偏析を生じるという問題があった。   In applying such iron-based mixed powder to powder metallurgy technology, the iron-based mixed powder is filled into a mold, and a molded body manufactured by pressure molding (hereinafter referred to as a green compact) is taken out of the mold. Sinter. However, since iron powder, alloy powder, lubricant, and machinability improving powder have different characteristics (ie, particle size, shape, specific gravity, etc.), the iron-based mixed powder obtained by mixing is transported to the hopper. There was a problem that alloy powder, lubricant, machinability improving powder and the like were segregated in the iron-based mixed powder by charging and discharging from the hopper.

偏析が生じた鉄基混合粉末から圧粉体を製造すると、単一の圧粉体にて特性(すなわち成分,密度)の均一な分布が得られず、しかも複数の圧粉体間で特性のバラツキが生じる。したがって、そのような圧粉体を焼結した焼結体は寸法や強度が不均一になり、焼結体の歩留りが低下するのは避けられない。
そこで鉄基混合粉末における鉄粉,合金用粉末,潤滑剤,切削性改善用粉末の偏析を防止する技術が種々検討されている。たとえば特許文献1〜3には鉄粉の表面に予め合金用粉末を付着させる技術が開示され、特許文献4には遊離潤滑剤を添加し、偏析防止粉の流出性を改善せしめる技術が開示されている。
When green compacts are produced from segregated iron-based mixed powders, a uniform distribution of properties (ie, component and density) cannot be obtained with a single green compact, and the properties of multiple green compacts cannot be obtained. Variations occur. Therefore, a sintered body obtained by sintering such a green compact is inevitably reduced in size and strength, and the yield of the sintered body is reduced.
Accordingly, various techniques for preventing segregation of iron powder, alloy powder, lubricant, and machinability improving powder in iron-based mixed powder have been studied. For example, Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a technique for preliminarily attaching an alloy powder to the surface of iron powder, and Patent Document 4 discloses a technique for improving the outflow of segregation preventing powder by adding a free lubricant. ing.

また特許文献5には、所定の粒度分布を有する鉄粉を用いて鉄基混合粉末を製造する技術が開示されている。この技術は、鉄基粉末を金型に充填する際の充填性を改善することによって、圧粉体の特性のバラツキを防止し、ひいては焼結体の歩留り低下を防止するものである。
しかしながら鉄基混合粉末の流動性や金型への充填性を高めると、圧粉体を金型から取り出す際の押圧力(以下、抜出力という)が増大しやすいことが一般に知られている。つまり、流動性や充填性を高めた鉄基混合粉末を用いると抜出力が増加し、圧粉体の取り出しに長時間を要することによる生産性低下や圧粉体に欠損が生じることによる歩留り低下を招くことが多い。
Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for producing an iron-based mixed powder using iron powder having a predetermined particle size distribution. This technique prevents variations in the characteristics of the green compact by improving the filling properties when filling the iron-based powder into the mold, and thus prevents the yield of the sintered body from being lowered.
However, it is generally known that when the fluidity of the iron-based mixed powder and the filling property into the mold are enhanced, the pressing force (hereinafter referred to as the unloading power) when the green compact is taken out from the mold is likely to increase. In other words, when iron-based mixed powder with improved fluidity and filling properties is used, the output is increased, resulting in a decrease in productivity due to the long time required to take out the green compact and a decrease in yield due to the occurrence of defects in the green compact. Is often invited.

圧粉体の抜出力を低減するためには、鉄基混合粉末を加圧成形する温度にて軟質で延伸性を有する潤滑剤を使用することが有効である。その理由は、加圧成形によって潤滑剤が鉄基混合粉末から滲出して金型表面に付着し、金型と圧粉体との摩擦力を低減するからである。ところが、そのような潤滑剤は延伸性を有するが故に、鉄粉や合金用粉末の粒子にも付着し易く、鉄基混合粉末の流動性や充填性を阻害するのである。   In order to reduce the punching power of the green compact, it is effective to use a soft and extensible lubricant at the temperature at which the iron-based mixed powder is pressure-molded. The reason is that the lubricant exudes from the iron-based mixed powder by pressure molding and adheres to the mold surface, reducing the frictional force between the mold and the green compact. However, since such a lubricant has stretchability, it easily adheres to the particles of iron powder and alloy powder, and inhibits the fluidity and filling properties of the iron-based mixed powder.

したがって、鉄基混合粉末の流動性や充填性の改善と圧粉体の抜出力の低減とを両立させることは困難である。この問題に対して、抜出力を低減する潤滑剤を核とし、流動性を改善する潤滑剤を被覆した二層構造の潤滑剤が検討されている。しかし、そのような潤滑剤は製造コストが上昇する。しかも潤滑剤の粒子寸法が拡大し加圧成形にて潰れ難くなるので、圧粉体中に潤滑剤の粒子が残留し、焼結によって燃焼あるいは気化して空洞となる。こうして発生する空洞は焼結体の欠陥であり、焼結体の歩留り低下を招く。
特開平1-219101号公報 特開平2-217403号公報 特開平3-162502号公報 特開平5-148505号公報 特開2002-280103号公報
Therefore, it is difficult to achieve both improvement in fluidity and filling property of the iron-based mixed powder and reduction in the extraction force of the green compact. In order to solve this problem, a two-layered lubricant having a lubricant for reducing the unloading power as a core and a lubricant for improving the fluidity has been studied. However, the manufacturing cost of such a lubricant increases. In addition, since the particle size of the lubricant is increased and it is difficult to be crushed by pressure molding, the lubricant particles remain in the green compact and burn or vaporize by sintering to form a cavity. The cavities generated in this way are defects in the sintered body, leading to a decrease in the yield of the sintered body.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 1-219101 JP-A-2-217403 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-165502 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-148505 JP 2002-280103 A

本発明は、安価な手段で鉄基混合粉末の流動性の改善と圧粉体の抜出力の低減とを両立させ、成形工程や焼結工程の生産性向上と圧粉体や焼結体の歩留り向上とを達成できる、粉末冶金技術に用いて好適な鉄基混合粉末(以下、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末という)を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention achieves both the improvement of the fluidity of the iron-based mixed powder and the reduction of the punching force of the green compact by an inexpensive means, the improvement of the productivity of the molding process and the sintering process, and the compact and the sintered compact. An object of the present invention is to provide an iron-based mixed powder suitable for use in powder metallurgy technology (hereinafter referred to as iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy) that can achieve improved yield.

本発明は、潤滑剤を内包した金属多孔質粒子と鉄粉とを混合してなる粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末である。
本発明の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末においては、金属多孔質粒子が、一次微粒子の集合体であることが好ましく、その一次微粒子の粒子径は0.001〜10μmであることが好ましい。あるいは、金属多孔質粒子が連結したチャンネル構造を有するものであることが好ましい。また、金属多孔質粒子の粒径は1〜100μmであることが好ましい。
The present invention is an iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy obtained by mixing metal porous particles containing a lubricant and iron powder.
In the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention, the metal porous particles are preferably aggregates of primary fine particles, and the primary fine particles preferably have a particle size of 0.001 to 10 μm. Or it is preferable that it has a channel structure which the metal porous particle connected. Moreover, it is preferable that the particle size of a metal porous particle is 1-100 micrometers.

また、潤滑剤の割合が、金属多孔質粒子100質量部に対して10〜400質量部であることが好ましい。その金属多孔質粒子は、鉄(Fe),銅(Cu),ニッケル(Ni),マンガン(Mn),モリブデン(Mo),クロム(Cr),バナジウム(V),アルミニウム(Al),シリコン(Si)およびタングステン(W)の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することが好ましい。潤滑剤は、金属石鹸,ビスアミド,脂肪酸アミド,脂肪酸,液状潤滑剤および熱可塑性樹脂の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上であることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the ratio of a lubricant is 10-400 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of metal porous particles. The metal porous particles are iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si ) And tungsten (W) are preferably contained. The lubricant is preferably one or more selected from metal soap, bisamide, fatty acid amide, fatty acid, liquid lubricant, and thermoplastic resin.

また、使用する鉄粉の表面に有機結合剤を介して合金用粉末が付着していることが好ましい。その有機結合剤は、脂肪酸アミドおよび金属石鹸の中から選ばれる1種または2種であることが好ましい。
さらに、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末が遊離潤滑剤を含有することが好ましい。
Moreover, it is preferable that the powder for alloys has adhered to the surface of the iron powder to be used through the organic binder. The organic binder is preferably one or two selected from fatty acid amides and metal soaps.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy contains a free lubricant.

本発明によれば、安価な手段で、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末の流動性や充填性の改善と圧粉体の抜出力の低減とを両立できる。したがって圧粉体や焼結体の生産性向上と歩留り向上とを達成でき、しかも大型かつ複雑な形状を有する焼結製品の製造が可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to achieve both improvement in the fluidity and filling property of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy and reduction in the extraction force of the green compact by inexpensive means. Therefore, it is possible to improve the productivity and the yield of the green compact and the sintered body, and to manufacture a sintered product having a large and complicated shape.

本発明の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末は、金属多孔質粒子と鉄粉と合金用粉末と潤滑剤とを混合したものである。まず、本発明で使用する金属多孔質粒子について説明する。
金属多孔質粒子は、粉末である粒子体内に空隙を内在させたものであり、その製法は特に限定しない。ただし、
(A)図1(a)に示すような、粒子径0.001〜10μmの金属微粉末3(以下、一次微粒子という)を造粒して得た金属多孔質粒子1
または
(B)図1(b)に示すような、海綿鉄に代表される連結したチャンネル構造4を予め有する金属多孔質粒子1
を使用することが好ましい。なお、連結したチャンネル構造を有する金属多孔質粒子1とは、粒子全体に形成された多数の孔同士が互いに連結し、たとえばスポンジのような構造となっている粒子をいう。なお、この金属多孔質粒子は中空状の構造、たとえばバルーン状あるいはチューブ(パイプ)状のような構造のものを用いてもよい。
The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy of the present invention is a mixture of metal porous particles, iron powder, alloy powder, and lubricant. First, the metal porous particles used in the present invention will be described.
The metal porous particles are those in which voids are included in the powder particles, and the production method thereof is not particularly limited. However,
(A) Metal porous particles 1 obtained by granulating metal fine powder 3 (hereinafter referred to as primary fine particles) having a particle diameter of 0.001 to 10 μm as shown in FIG.
Or
(B) As shown in FIG. 1 (b), a metal porous particle 1 having in advance a connected channel structure 4 represented by sponge iron.
Is preferably used. The metal porous particle 1 having a connected channel structure refers to a particle having a structure such as a sponge in which a large number of holes formed in the entire particle are connected to each other. The metal porous particles may have a hollow structure such as a balloon shape or a tube (pipe) shape.

ここで上記の(A)について説明する。
この金属多孔質粒子1は、金属微粉末の一次微粒子3を造粒して得られるものであり、一次微粒子3の集合体である。一次微粒子3の粒子径が0.001μm未満では、一次微粒子3の粒子間の空隙が微小になるので、十分な量の潤滑剤2を保持できず、抜出力低減の効果が得られない。しかも、貯蔵や輸送の際に目詰まりを起こし、操業に支障を来たすばかりでなく、極めて微細な一次微粒子3は、その製造コストの上昇を招く。一方、10μmを超えると、一次微粒子3の粒子間の空隙が拡大するので潤滑剤2が流出し易くなり、十分な量の潤滑剤2を保持できず、抜出力低減の効果が得られない。したがって、一次微粒子3の粒子径は0.001〜10μmの範囲内が好ましい。より好ましくは0.01〜1μmである。
Here, the above (A) will be described.
The metal porous particle 1 is obtained by granulating the primary fine particles 3 of the metal fine powder, and is an aggregate of the primary fine particles 3. If the particle diameter of the primary fine particles 3 is less than 0.001 μm, the gap between the particles of the primary fine particles 3 becomes minute, so that a sufficient amount of the lubricant 2 cannot be held, and the effect of reducing the unplugging power cannot be obtained. Moreover, clogging occurs during storage and transportation, which not only hinders operation, but extremely fine primary particles 3 cause an increase in manufacturing cost. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 μm, the gap between the particles of the primary fine particles 3 expands, so that the lubricant 2 easily flows out, and a sufficient amount of the lubricant 2 cannot be held, and the effect of reducing the unplugging power cannot be obtained. Therefore, the particle diameter of the primary fine particles 3 is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 10 μm. More preferably, it is 0.01-1 micrometer.

この一次微粒子を造粒して金属多孔質粒子としてもよい。金属多孔質粒子の粒径が1μm未満では、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末を加圧成形する際に、潤滑剤を内包する金属多孔質粒子が鉄基混合粉末の間隙に偏析して圧壊され難くなり、内包された潤滑剤が放出され難くなるので、抜出力低減の効果が得られない。一方、100μmを超えると、圧粉体中に金属多孔質粒子がそのままの形状で残存し、圧粉体を焼結して得られる焼結体の欠陥となり、焼結体の強度低下の原因になる。したがって、金属多孔質粒子の粒径は、1〜100μmの範囲内とする。上記の欠点をより減少させるためには、1〜40μmの範囲内が好ましい。より好ましくは10〜25μmの範囲内である。   The primary fine particles may be granulated to form metal porous particles. When the particle size of the metal porous particles is less than 1 μm, when the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy is pressed, the metal porous particles containing the lubricant are segregated in the gaps of the iron-based mixed powder and are not easily collapsed. As a result, it is difficult to release the encapsulated lubricant, and the effect of reducing the unplugging power cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 100 μm, the porous metal particles remain in the green compact as they are, resulting in defects in the sintered body obtained by sintering the green compact, which causes a decrease in the strength of the sintered body. Become. Therefore, the particle size of the metal porous particles is in the range of 1 to 100 μm. In order to further reduce the above disadvantages, the range of 1 to 40 μm is preferable. More preferably, it exists in the range of 10-25 micrometers.

金属微粉末を造粒して金属多孔質粒子を製造する際に、金属微粉末に潤滑剤を添加することが好ましい。その潤滑剤の種類は、金属石鹸(たとえばステアリン酸亜鉛,ステアリン酸マンガン,ステアリン酸リチウム等),ビスアミド(たとえばエチレンビスステアリン酸アミド等),モノアミドを含む脂肪酸アミド(たとえばステアリン酸モノアミド,エルカ酸アミド等),脂肪酸(たとえばオレイン酸,ステアリン酸等),液状潤滑剤(たとえばリン酸エステル,ポリオールエステル,鉱油,ポリグリコール等),熱可塑性樹脂(たとえばポリアミド,ポリエチレン,ポリアセタール等)が、圧粉体の抜出力を低減する効果を有するので好ましい。   When granulating metal fine powder to produce metal porous particles, it is preferable to add a lubricant to the metal fine powder. The types of lubricants include metal soaps (for example, zinc stearate, manganese stearate, lithium stearate, etc.), bisamides (for example, ethylene bisstearic acid amide), fatty acid amides including monoamides (for example, stearic acid monoamide, erucic acid amide) Etc.), fatty acids (eg oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.), liquid lubricants (eg phosphate esters, polyol esters, mineral oil, polyglycol etc.), thermoplastic resins (eg polyamide, polyethylene, polyacetal etc.) This is preferable because it has the effect of reducing the unplugged output.

ただし脂肪酸や液状潤滑剤のような室温で液体となる潤滑剤は、金属微粉末の粒子間に液架橋を生じて、粒子同士が付着し凝集するので、流動性が低下する惧れがある。また、脂肪酸アミドのようなワックス系の潤滑剤は、室温で固体であるが、粘着性が高いので、粒子同士が付着して凝集し、流動性が低下する惧れがある。金属微粉末を造粒する際に添加する潤滑剤は、これらの特性を考慮して適宜選択する。その際、それぞれ単独で使用してもよいし、あるいは2種以上を併用してもよい。   However, lubricants that are liquid at room temperature, such as fatty acids and liquid lubricants, cause liquid cross-linking between the particles of the metal fine powder, and the particles adhere and agglomerate. In addition, wax-based lubricants such as fatty acid amides are solid at room temperature, but have high adhesiveness, so that the particles may adhere to each other and aggregate to lower the fluidity. The lubricant added when granulating the metal fine powder is appropriately selected in consideration of these characteristics. In that case, you may use individually, respectively, and may use 2 or more types together.

あるいは、金属微粉末を造粒した金属多孔質粒子に潤滑剤を含浸させてもよい。その潤滑剤の種類は、金属石鹸(たとえばステアリン酸亜鉛,ステアリン酸マンガン,ステアリン酸リチウム等),ビスアミド(たとえばエチレンビスステアリン酸アミド等),モノアミドを含む脂肪酸アミド(たとえばステアリン酸モノアミド,エルカ酸アミド等),脂肪酸(たとえばオレイン酸,ステアリン酸等),液状潤滑剤(たとえばリン酸エステル,ポリオールエステル,鉱油,ポリグリコール等),熱可塑性樹脂(たとえばポリアミド,ポリエチレン,ポリアセタール等)が、圧粉体の抜出力を低減する効果を有するので好ましい。   Alternatively, a metal porous particle obtained by granulating metal fine powder may be impregnated with a lubricant. The types of lubricants include metal soaps (for example, zinc stearate, manganese stearate, lithium stearate, etc.), bisamides (for example, ethylene bisstearic acid amide), fatty acid amides including monoamides (for example, stearic acid monoamide, erucic acid amide) Etc.), fatty acids (eg oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.), liquid lubricants (eg phosphate esters, polyol esters, mineral oil, polyglycol etc.), thermoplastic resins (eg polyamide, polyethylene, polyacetal etc.) This is preferable because it has the effect of reducing the unplugged output.

脂肪酸や液状潤滑剤は、金属多孔質粒子に含浸させ易いので好ましい。金属微粉末を造粒して得た金属多孔質粒子に含浸させる潤滑剤は、これらの特性を考慮して、それぞれ単独で使用してもよいし、あるいは2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、金属微粒子に潤滑剤を添加して造粒してもよい。このようにしても、潤滑剤を内包する金属多孔質粒子を得ることができる。
Fatty acids and liquid lubricants are preferable because they easily impregnate metal porous particles. In consideration of these characteristics, the lubricant impregnated into the metal porous particles obtained by granulating the metal fine powder may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Further, the metal fine particles may be granulated by adding a lubricant. Even in this way, metallic porous particles enclosing a lubricant can be obtained.

潤滑剤の添加量(合計)が、金属多孔質粒子100質量部に対して10質量部未満では、圧粉体の抜出力を低減する効果が得られない。一方、400質量部を超えると、金属微粉末粒子あるいは金属多孔質粒子が凝集するので、流動性が低下する惧れがある。したがって、金属微粉末を造粒する際に添加する潤滑剤と、金属微粉末を造粒して得た金属多孔質粒子に含浸させる潤滑剤と、の合計含有量は金属多孔質粒子100質量部に対して10〜400質量部の範囲内とすることが好ましい。   If the addition amount (total) of the lubricant is less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the metal porous particles, the effect of reducing the green compact output cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the amount exceeds 400 parts by mass, the metal fine powder particles or the metal porous particles are aggregated, so that the fluidity may be lowered. Therefore, the total content of the lubricant added when granulating the metal fine powder and the lubricant impregnated into the metal porous particles obtained by granulating the metal fine powder is 100 parts by mass of the metal porous particles. The amount is preferably in the range of 10 to 400 parts by mass.

金属多孔質粒子の素材である金属微粉末(すなわち一次微粒子)は、特に材質を限定しない。ただし、鉄基合金粉末の特性に悪影響を及ぼさないか、もしくは使用目的に応じて引張強度や疲労強度等の特性改善に寄与するような金属(たとえば鉄,銅,ニッケル,マンガン,モリブデン,クロム,バナジウム,アルミニウム,シリコン,タングステン等)の微粉末を使用することが好ましい。これらの微粉末は、それぞれ単独で使用しても良いし、あるいは2種以上を併用してもよい。また、2種以上の元素を合金化した微粉末であっても良い。たとえば鉄については、水アトマイズ鉄粉やガスアトマイズ鉄粉、あるいは鉱石やミルスケールを還元して得られる還元鉄やそれを粉砕した粉末として、容易に入手できる。   The material of the metal fine powder (that is, primary fine particles) that is a material of the metal porous particles is not particularly limited. However, metals that do not adversely affect the properties of the iron-base alloy powder or contribute to improvement of properties such as tensile strength and fatigue strength depending on the purpose of use (for example, iron, copper, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, Vanadium, aluminum, silicon, tungsten, etc.) are preferably used. These fine powders may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Moreover, the fine powder which alloyed 2 or more types of elements may be sufficient. For example, iron can be easily obtained as water atomized iron powder, gas atomized iron powder, reduced iron obtained by reducing ore or mill scale, or powder obtained by pulverizing it.

ここで上記の(B)について説明する。
金属多孔質粒子1としては、たとえばミルスケールを還元して得られる海綿鉄等を粉砕し分級したものが好適であり、粒径が1〜100μmの金属多孔質粒子1を容易に入手することができる。
これらの金属多孔質粒子1に、(A)と同様に潤滑剤2を含浸させる。使用する潤滑剤2は(A)と同じであるから説明を省略する。含浸手法は(A)と同様の方法を用いても良いし、減圧もしくは真空中で含浸を行なっても良い。
Here, the above (B) will be described.
As the metal porous particles 1, for example, those obtained by pulverizing and classifying sponge iron obtained by reducing the mill scale are suitable, and it is easy to obtain the metal porous particles 1 having a particle size of 1 to 100 μm. it can.
These metal porous particles 1 are impregnated with the lubricant 2 as in (A). Since the lubricant 2 to be used is the same as (A), description thereof is omitted. As the impregnation method, the same method as in (A) may be used, or impregnation may be performed under reduced pressure or in a vacuum.

なお、(A)および(B)の構造を有する金属多孔質粒子1は、その製造工程で不可避的に混入する不純物(たとえば酸素,窒素,炭素,金属元素等)を含有しても良い。
次に、本発明で使用する鉄粉について説明する。
鉄粉は、有機結合剤を介してその表面に合金用粉末や切削性改善粉末を付着させたもの(以下、合金成分外装鉄粉という)が好ましい。鉄粉の表面に合金用粉末や切削性改善粉末を付着させることによって、合金用粉末や切削性改善粉末の偏析を防止する。使用する鉄粉の特性は限定せず、圧粉体を焼結した焼結製品に要求される仕様に応じて適宜選択する。
The metal porous particles 1 having the structures (A) and (B) may contain impurities (for example, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, metal elements, etc.) inevitably mixed in the production process.
Next, the iron powder used in the present invention will be described.
The iron powder is preferably one in which an alloy powder or a machinability improving powder is attached to the surface of the iron powder via an organic binder (hereinafter referred to as alloy component exterior iron powder). By attaching the alloy powder or the machinability improving powder to the surface of the iron powder, segregation of the alloy powder or the machinability improving powder is prevented. The characteristics of the iron powder to be used are not limited, and are appropriately selected according to the specifications required for the sintered product obtained by sintering the green compact.

有機結合剤の種類は、脂肪酸アミド,金属石鹸を用いることが好ましい。これらの有機結合剤をそれぞれ単独で使用してもよいし、あるいは2種を併用してもよい。有機結合剤の添加量が0.05質量%未満では、鉄粉の表面に合金用粉末や切削性改善粉末を均一かつ十分に付着できない。一方、0.6質量%を超えると、鉄粉同士が付着し凝集するので、流動性が低下する惧れがある。したがって、有機結合剤の添加量は0.05〜0.6質量%の範囲内とするのが好ましい。なお、有機結合剤の添加量(質量%)は、粉末冶金用鉄基粉末の質量に占める有機結合剤の比率を指す。   The organic binder is preferably a fatty acid amide or a metal soap. These organic binders may be used alone or in combination of two kinds. When the addition amount of the organic binder is less than 0.05% by mass, the alloy powder and the machinability improving powder cannot be uniformly and sufficiently adhered to the surface of the iron powder. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.6% by mass, the iron powder adheres and agglomerates, which may reduce the fluidity. Therefore, the amount of organic binder added is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.6% by mass. In addition, the addition amount (mass%) of an organic binder points out the ratio of the organic binder to the mass of the iron-base powder for powder metallurgy.

合金用粉末の種類は、黒鉛粉末,銅粉末,Ni粉末等が用いられ、切削性改善用粉末はMnS粉末等が用いられる。これらの合金用粉末あるいは切削性改善用粉末をそれぞれ単独で使用してもよいし、あるいは2種を併用してもよい。
さらに粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉の流動性を向上させるために、遊離潤滑剤を添加してもよい。遊離潤滑剤は、金属多孔質粒子に内包させた潤滑剤とは別に添加し、その添加量は粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉の質量に占める割合で1質量%以下であることが好ましい。遊離潤滑剤の種類は、金属石鹸(たとえばステアリン酸亜鉛,ステアリン酸マンガン,ステアリン酸リチウム等),ビスアミド(たとえばエチレンビスステアリン酸アミド等),モノアミドを含む脂肪酸アミド(たとえばステリアン酸モノアミド,エルカ酸アミド等),脂肪酸(たとえばオレイン酸,ステアリン酸等),熱可塑性樹脂(たとえばポリアミド,ポリエチレン,ポリアセタール等)が、圧粉体の抜出力を低減する効果を有するので好ましい。
Graphite powder, copper powder, Ni powder or the like is used as the type of alloy powder, and MnS powder or the like is used as the machinability improving powder. These alloy powders or machinability improving powders may be used alone or in combination of two kinds.
Furthermore, in order to improve the fluidity of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy, a free lubricant may be added. The free lubricant is added separately from the lubricant encapsulated in the metal porous particles, and the amount added is preferably 1% by mass or less as a proportion of the mass of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy. The types of free lubricants are metal soaps (for example, zinc stearate, manganese stearate, lithium stearate, etc.), bisamides (for example, ethylene bisstearic acid amide), fatty acid amides including monoamides (for example, stearic acid monoamide, erucic acid amide) Etc.), fatty acids (for example, oleic acid, stearic acid, etc.), and thermoplastic resins (for example, polyamide, polyethylene, polyacetal, etc.) are preferred because they have the effect of reducing the output of the green compact.

以上のようにして得た金属多孔質粒子と合金成分外装鉄粉と遊離潤滑剤等を混合して、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末を得る。混合装置は、従来から知られている撹拌翼型ミキサー(たとえばヘンシェルミキサー等)や容器回転型ミキサー(たとえばV型ミキサー,ダブルコーンミキサー等)が使用できる。この粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末は優れた流動性と充填性を有し、かつ圧粉体の抜出力を低減できる。しかも、安価な材料を用いて粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末を製造できる。   The metal porous particles obtained as described above, the alloy component exterior iron powder, the free lubricant and the like are mixed to obtain an iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy. As the mixing apparatus, conventionally known stirring blade type mixers (for example, Henschel mixer) and container rotation type mixers (for example, V type mixer, double cone mixer, etc.) can be used. This iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy has excellent fluidity and filling properties, and can reduce the output of the green compact. Moreover, an iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy can be produced using an inexpensive material.

鉄粉の表面に有機結合剤を介して合金用粉末を付着させて合金成分外装鉄粉とした。使用した有機結合剤とその添加量(質量%)は、ステアリン酸モノアミド:0.05%,およびエチレンビスステアリン酸アミド:0.05%である。なお、有機結合剤の添加量(質量%)は、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末の質量に占める有機結合剤の比率を指す。合金用粉末は、Cu(銅)粉末とC(黒鉛)粉末を使用し、その添加量(質量%)はそれぞれCu:2%,C:0.8%である。なお、Cu,Cの添加量(質量%)は、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末の質量に占めるCu,Cの比率を指す。   The powder for alloy was made to adhere to the surface of the iron powder through an organic binder to obtain an alloy component exterior iron powder. The organic binder used and its addition amount (% by mass) are stearic acid monoamide: 0.05% and ethylenebisstearic acid amide: 0.05%. In addition, the addition amount (mass%) of an organic binder points out the ratio of the organic binder to the mass of the iron group mixed powder for powder metallurgy. As the alloy powder, Cu (copper) powder and C (graphite) powder are used, and the addition amount (% by mass) is Cu: 2% and C: 0.8%, respectively. In addition, the addition amount (mass%) of Cu and C refers to the ratio of Cu and C to the mass of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy.

また、実施例として表1に示す金属多孔質粒子に、表2に示す潤滑剤を添加含浸した。金属多孔質粒子の一次微粒子の平均粒子径と粒子構造,金属多孔質粒子の平均粒径、および潤滑剤の種類とその添加量は表1に示す通りである。なお、粒子構造は既に説明した(A)(B)の概念に準じて分類した。一次微粒子の平均粒子径,金属多孔質粒子の平均粒径はレーザー回折・散乱法によって測定した。添加した潤滑剤の添加量(質量%)は、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末の質量に占める潤滑剤の比率を指す。   Moreover, the lubricant shown in Table 2 was added and impregnated into the metal porous particles shown in Table 1 as examples. Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and particle structure of the primary fine particles of the metal porous particles, the average particle diameter of the metal porous particles, and the types and addition amounts of the lubricants. The particle structure was classified according to the concepts (A) and (B) already described. The average particle diameter of the primary fine particles and the average particle diameter of the metal porous particles were measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method. The added amount (mass%) of the added lubricant indicates the ratio of the lubricant to the mass of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy.

また、金属多孔質粒子に内包させた潤滑剤とは別に遊離潤滑剤を使用した。遊離潤滑剤の種類とその添加量は表2に示す通りである。また、表2に示すように、金属多孔質粒子を用いずに遊離潤滑剤のみを添加した場合を比較例とした。なお、遊離潤滑剤の添加量(質量%)は、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末の質量に占める潤滑剤の比率を指す。   A free lubricant was used separately from the lubricant encapsulated in the metal porous particles. Table 2 shows the types of free lubricants and the amounts added. Moreover, as shown in Table 2, the case where only a free lubricant was added without using metal porous particles was taken as a comparative example. The amount of addition (% by mass) of the free lubricant refers to the ratio of the lubricant to the mass of the iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy.

Figure 2010031349
Figure 2010031349

Figure 2010031349
Figure 2010031349

これらの合金成分外装鉄粉と潤滑剤含有金属多孔質粒子と遊離潤滑剤とを混合して粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末とし、その流動性をJIS規格Z2502に準拠して評価した。評価の結果を表3に示す。   These alloy component exterior iron powder, lubricant-containing metal porous particles, and free lubricant were mixed to obtain an iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy, and its fluidity was evaluated in accordance with JIS standard Z2502. Table 3 shows the evaluation results.

Figure 2010031349
Figure 2010031349

表3に示すように、実施例1〜13は、実施例14〜17に比べて流動性が良好であった。なお、比較例は流動性なしと評価された。流動性が悪い場合は、圧粉体内部での密度分布が大きくなり、また複数の圧粉体間の密度ばらつきが大きくなるため、製品の品質が低下して生産性が阻害される可能性が高い。
次いで、粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末を金型(外径11mm,高さ11mm)に充填し、室温で圧力980MPaを加えて加圧成形し、円柱状の圧粉体とした。この圧粉体を金型から取り出す際の抜出力を測定した。その結果を表3に示す。また、得られた圧粉体の密度を測定した。その結果を表3に併せて示す。
As shown in Table 3, Examples 1-13 had better fluidity than Examples 14-17. The comparative example was evaluated as having no fluidity. If the fluidity is poor, the density distribution inside the green compact becomes large, and the density variation between multiple green compacts becomes large, which may reduce product quality and hinder productivity. high.
Next, an iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy was filled into a mold (outer diameter 11 mm, height 11 mm), and pressure-molded by applying a pressure of 980 MPa at room temperature to obtain a cylindrical green compact. The punching power when the green compact was removed from the mold was measured. The results are shown in Table 3. Further, the density of the obtained green compact was measured. The results are also shown in Table 3.

表3に示すように、実施例1〜13は、実施例14〜17に比べて抜出力が低く、かつ成形密度が大きくなった。   As shown in Table 3, Examples 1 to 13 had lower punching power and higher molding density than Examples 14 to 17.

多孔質粒子の例を模式的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the example of a porous particle typically.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 金属多孔質粒子
2 潤滑剤
3 一次微粒子
4 連結したチャンネル構造
1 Metal porous particle 2 Lubricant 3 Primary particle 4 Connected channel structure

Claims (10)

金属多孔質粒子が潤滑剤を内包し、前記金属多孔質粒子と鉄粉とを混合してなることを特徴とする粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   An iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy, wherein metal porous particles contain a lubricant, and the metal porous particles and iron powder are mixed. 前記金属多孔質粒子が、一次微粒子の集合体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   2. The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the metal porous particles are aggregates of primary fine particles. 前記一次微粒子の粒子径が、0.001〜10μmであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 2, wherein the primary fine particles have a particle size of 0.001 to 10 µm. 前記金属多孔質粒子が、連結したチャンネル構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the metal porous particles have a connected channel structure. 前記金属多孔質粒子の粒径が、1〜100μmであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal porous particles have a particle size of 1 to 100 µm. 前記潤滑剤の割合が、前記金属多孔質粒子100質量部に対して10〜400質量部であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a ratio of the lubricant is 10 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the metal porous particles. . 前記金属多孔質粒子が、鉄、銅、ニッケル、マンガン、モリブデン、クロム、バナジウム、アルミニウム、シリコンおよびタングステンの中から選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The metal porous particles contain one or more selected from iron, copper, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, aluminum, silicon, and tungsten. The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of the above. 前記潤滑剤が、金属石鹸、ビスアミド、脂肪酸アミド、脂肪酸、液状潤滑剤および熱可塑性樹脂の中から選ばれる1種または2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The said lubricant is 1 type, or 2 or more types chosen from metal soap, bisamide, fatty acid amide, a fatty acid, a liquid lubricant, and a thermoplastic resin, The any one of Claims 1-7 characterized by the above-mentioned. The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy described in 1. 前記鉄粉が、その表面に有機結合剤を介して合金用粉末を付着させてなることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。   The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the iron powder is made by adhering a powder for an alloy to the surface of the iron powder via an organic binder. 遊離潤滑剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載の粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末。
The iron-based mixed powder for powder metallurgy according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a free lubricant.
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