JP2009261267A - Apparatus for controlling insect pest against flowering plant and controlling flowering of the flowering plant and method therefor - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling insect pest against flowering plant and controlling flowering of the flowering plant and method therefor Download PDF

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JP2009261267A
JP2009261267A JP2008111923A JP2008111923A JP2009261267A JP 2009261267 A JP2009261267 A JP 2009261267A JP 2008111923 A JP2008111923 A JP 2008111923A JP 2008111923 A JP2008111923 A JP 2008111923A JP 2009261267 A JP2009261267 A JP 2009261267A
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light
flowering
led lamp
controlling
illuminance
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JP5164654B2 (en
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Akito Ota
昭人 太田
Koichi Ota
光一 太田
Masahiko Tanaka
正彦 田中
Manabu Hagiwara
学 萩原
Goro Toyoshima
悟郎 豊嶋
Hidenori Yui
秀紀 由井
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NEIBURU KK
Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
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Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/4805—Shape
    • H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
    • H01L2224/48091—Arched
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481—Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481—Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H01L2224/48257—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a die pad of the item

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus which uses LED lamps capable of radiating yellow light in high luminous efficiency, contributing to the reduction in the number of the used lamps, consumed electric power and cost, hardly causing light damages, and having long lives, can control insect pests, and can finely control the flowering of flowering plants, and to provide a method therefor. <P>SOLUTION: Provided is the method comprising disposing, above culturing flowers, LED lamps 8 comprising light-emitting elements comprising semiconductors and emitting blue light or near ultraviolet light having peak wavelengths of 370 to 480 nm and fluorophors receiving the blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light-emitting elements as exciting light and emitting the yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm, and emitting the light from the LED lamps 8 so that an illuminance at the upper ends of the flowering plants irradiated with the emitted light of the LED lamps 8 is an arbitrary set value of ≥12 Ix, thereby controlling the insect pests and simultaneously controlling the flowering of the flowering plants. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、草花の害虫防除と開花制御とを行う装置並びに方法に関する。   The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for pest control and flowering control of a flower.

草花における害虫被害の一つに、夜間に害虫の成虫が集まって産卵したり吸汁したりし、やがてふ化したその幼虫が草花を食い荒らすという加害形態がある。この害虫の代表がヤガ（夜蛾）科であり、タバコガ、ヨトウガ等を例示することができる。とりわけオオタバコガは、近年、日本において発生量が拡大しており、その被害は甚大である。これに対する方策として、夜間に特定波長の黄色光を草花に照射して、害虫（成虫）に忌避反応を起こさせ、害虫の侵入、産卵、吸汁行動等を防止する方法及び装置が知られている。黄色光には、夜間に暗反応する上記害虫（特にヤガ）の複眼を、明反応させる作用があり、この作用を害虫が忌避するのである。   One of the pest damages in the flowers is that the adult insects gather at night to lay eggs or suck in, and then the hatched larvae eat and destroy the flowers. The representative of this pest is the Yagidae (night moth) family, and can be exemplified by tobacco moth, sweet potato and the like. In particular, large-scale tobacco has been generated in Japan in recent years, and the damage is enormous. As a countermeasure against this, a method and an apparatus are known that irradiate a pest (adult) with a repellent reaction by irradiating yellow light of a specific wavelength at night to prevent the invasion, spawning, sucking behavior, etc. of the pest. . Yellow light has the effect of brightly reacting the compound eyes of the above-mentioned pests (especially yaga) that react darkly at night, and the pests avoid this action.

例えば、特許文献１には、ピーク波長が５７０〜６２０ｎｍの黄色光を発する蛍光灯を用いた防除用ランプが記載されている。また、このような防除用の直管形蛍光灯は、すでに市販され使用されている。   For example, Patent Document 1 describes a control lamp using a fluorescent lamp that emits yellow light having a peak wavelength of 570 to 620 nm. Such straight tube fluorescent lamps for control are already commercially available.

次に、特許文献２には、Ｇａ、Ａｓ、Ａｌ、Ｉｎ、Ｐ及びＮのうち少なくとも２種以上の金属を含む半導体で、例えばＧａＰ系、ＧａＡｓＰ系、ＧａＰＮ系、ＧａＡｌＡｓ系、ＡｌＩｎＧａＰ系などの半導体素子であり、ピーク波長が５８０〜７００ｎｍの光を発光するＬＥＤ（第１の発光ダイオード）を用いた照明装置が記載されている。発光素子自身が同ピーク波長の光を発光するものと考えられる。同照明装置の実施例として同文献には、直管形蛍光ランプと同様の形状に形成された管体の内部に、前記ＬＥＤを別のＬＥＤと共に取り付けた基板を収納してなる照明装置と、ほぼ電球形状に形成されたカバー体の内部に、同様の基板を収納してなる照明装置とが記載されている。   Next, Patent Document 2 discloses a semiconductor containing at least two metals selected from Ga, As, Al, In, P, and N, such as GaP, GaAsP, GaPN, GaAlAs, and AlInGaP. An illumination device using an LED (first light emitting diode) that emits light having a peak wavelength of 580 to 700 nm, which is a semiconductor element, is described. It is considered that the light emitting element itself emits light having the same peak wavelength. As an example of the illuminating device, the document discloses an illuminating device in which a substrate in which the LED is mounted together with another LED is housed in a tube formed in the same shape as a straight tube fluorescent lamp, and An illumination device is described in which a similar substrate is housed inside a cover body formed in a substantially bulb shape.

次に、特許文献３にも黄色ＬＥＤを用いた防虫灯が記載されている。この黄色ＬＥＤについては「黄色ＬＥＤは、透明体の中に発光ダイオードを封入し、２本の端子線を外部に引き出している」の記載があることから、発光素子自身が黄色を発光するものと考えられる。同防虫灯の実施例として同文献には、透明のパイプの内部に、多数の黄色ＬＥＤを取り付けた角状の管体を収納してなる柱状の防虫灯と、四角板状の基板に多数の黄色ＬＥＤを縦横に取り付けてなるプレート状の防虫灯と、電線に多数の黄色ＬＥＤを直列に取り付けてなる紐状の防虫灯とが記載されている。また、電源として太陽電池発電装置を用いることも記載されている。   Next, Patent Document 3 also describes an insect-proof lamp using a yellow LED. Regarding this yellow LED, there is a description that "the yellow LED encloses a light emitting diode in a transparent body and pulls out two terminal wires to the outside", so that the light emitting element itself emits yellow light. Conceivable. As an example of the insect-proof lamp, the same document describes a column-shaped insect-proof lamp in which a square tube body in which a large number of yellow LEDs are attached is housed in a transparent pipe, and a square plate-shaped substrate. A plate-shaped insect-proof lamp in which yellow LEDs are attached vertically and horizontally and a string-like insect-proof lamp in which a number of yellow LEDs are attached in series to an electric wire are described. It also describes using a solar cell power generator as a power source.

また、キクのように一年を通じて需要がある草花については、人工的に光をあてるいわゆる電照により開花を制御して出荷時期を調整している。キクのような草花には日照時間が短くなると開花する性質があるため、電照により開花を遅らせるのである。この電照には、かつては白熱電球が多用されていたが、最近では蛍光ランプが多用されるようになってきた。   In addition, for flowers such as chrysanthemum that are in demand throughout the year, the flowering time is controlled by so-called electric lighting that artificially shines, and the shipping time is adjusted. Since flowers such as chrysanthemum have the property of flowering when the sunshine time is shortened, the flowering is delayed by lighting. In the past, incandescent bulbs were frequently used for this illumination, but recently fluorescent lamps have been frequently used.

特許文献４には、黄色蛍光ランプからなる黄色ランプ（光波長がピーク値が約５８０ｎｍで５００ｎｍ以下、及び７００ｎｍ以上の成分を持たない幅狭の分光分布特性を持つもの）を用いて電照する際に、防蛾効果があって、キクの開花を抑制しないような低レベル照度（１〜４ｌｘ（ルクス））に制御する時間と、開花抑制に効果のある高レベル照度（３６ｌｘ以上）に制御する時間とを、夫々が必要とする時期に対応させて設定することを特徴とするキクの栽培における人工照明の制御方法が開示されている。この方法によれば、黄色ランプの点灯制御のみでヤガ類の防除ができるとともに、開花抑制も行なえ、しかも開花抑制が不要な時期においては開花に影響を与えることなく防除が行なえる、という効果があると記載されている。
特開平１−１８７７５７号公報 特開２００４−９３号公報 特開２００３−２８４４８２号公報 特開平９−３１３０３６号公報 Patent Document 4 illuminates using a yellow lamp composed of a yellow fluorescent lamp (a light wavelength having a peak value of about 580 nm and 500 nm or less, and having a narrow spectral distribution characteristic having no component of 700 nm or more). In this case, the time is controlled to a low level illuminance (1 to 4 lx (lux)) that has a fungicidal effect and does not suppress chrysanthemum flowering, and a high level illuminance (36 lx or more) that is effective in suppressing flowering. A method for controlling artificial lighting in cultivation of chrysanthemum is characterized in that the time to be set is set in correspondence with the time required for each. According to this method, it is possible to control moths only by controlling the lighting of the yellow lamp, and it is possible to control flowering, and at the time when flowering control is unnecessary, it is possible to control without affecting the flowering. It is described that there is.
JP-A-1-187757 JP 2004-93 A JP 2003-284482 A JP-A-9-313036

特許文献１及び特許文献４のような黄色蛍光ランプを用いた防除用ランプは、前記のとおりすでに市販され使用されているが、ほ場（園芸農作物のために整備された土地）を均一の照度で照射することが困難であるという問題があった。すなわち、黄色蛍光灯は一本あたりの全光束が大きいため、複数本を大きな相互間隔をおいてほ場に配設している。このため、黄色蛍光灯の直下ないしその近傍においては照度が非常に高くなり、園芸農作物の種類によってその生長や開花に影響し阻害することがあった。一方、黄色蛍光灯から遠く離れた所（前記相互間隔の中央部）においては照度が低くなりすぎ、害虫防除効果が低下することがあった。また、黄色蛍光灯は、ほ場周辺に光が漏れて光害を招きやすいとか、寿命が短く交換が面倒であるという問題もあった。   Control lamps using yellow fluorescent lamps such as Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 4 have already been marketed and used as described above. However, the field (land prepared for horticultural crops) can be used with uniform illuminance. There was a problem that it was difficult to irradiate. In other words, since the yellow fluorescent lamp has a large total luminous flux per one, a plurality of yellow fluorescent lamps are arranged in the field with a large mutual interval. For this reason, the illuminance is very high immediately below or in the vicinity of the yellow fluorescent lamp, and depending on the type of horticultural crop, its growth and flowering may be affected and inhibited. On the other hand, the illuminance becomes too low at a place far from the yellow fluorescent lamp (the central portion of the interval), and the pest control effect may be reduced. In addition, the yellow fluorescent lamp has a problem that light leaks around the field and easily causes light pollution, or the life is short and replacement is troublesome.

また、特許文献２及び特許文献３のような黄色ＬＥＤを用いた防虫灯は、実用化が困難であり、ほとんど実用化されていないと思われる。その理由の一つは、前記のとおりＧａＰ系、ＧａＡｓＰ系、ＧａＰＮ系、ＧａＡｌＡｓ系、ＡｌＩｎＧａＰ系などの半導体を用いた、発光素子自身が黄色を発光するＬＥＤランプを用いており、この種の黄色ＬＥＤは発光効率が低く、一個当たりの全光束が非常に小さいところにあると考えられる。このような低光束の黄色ＬＥＤで忌避可能な照度を得るには、極めて多数の黄色ＬＥＤを前記のような直管形蛍光ランプ形状、電球形状、プレート状、紐状に取り付ける必要があるため、多大なコストと手間がかかるとともに、装置全体の消費電力が嵩むからである。   Moreover, the insect-proof lamp using yellow LED like patent document 2 and patent document 3 is difficult to put into practical use, and it seems that it is hardly put into practical use. One of the reasons is that, as described above, an LED lamp using a semiconductor such as GaP-based, GaAsP-based, GaPN-based, GaAlAs-based, AlInGaP-based, etc., which emits yellow light, is used. LEDs have low luminous efficiency, and it is considered that the total luminous flux per piece is very small. In order to obtain an illuminance that can be avoided with such a low luminous flux yellow LED, it is necessary to attach a very large number of yellow LEDs in the shape of a straight tube fluorescent lamp, a bulb, a plate, or a string as described above. This is because much cost and labor are required, and power consumption of the entire apparatus increases.

また、多数の黄色ＬＥＤを直管形蛍光ランプ形状、電球形状等に集中的に取り付けて防虫灯にするという発想は、前記の黄色蛍光灯の置き換えを狙ったものであるから、前記のほ場を均一の照度で照射することが困難であるという問題は、解消されずにそのまま持ち越されることになる。すなわち、特許文献２には、前記ＬＥＤにより照度が被照射体表面において１〜１０ｌｘになるように照射可能とすることが記載されてはいるが、それは同防虫灯の直下ないしその近傍におけることであって、ほ場の全域において１〜１０ｌｘとすることは同防虫灯では困難である。   In addition, the idea of intensively attaching a large number of yellow LEDs to a straight tube fluorescent lamp shape, bulb shape, etc. to make an insect-proof lamp is intended to replace the yellow fluorescent lamp. The problem that it is difficult to irradiate with uniform illuminance is carried over without being solved. That is, Patent Document 2 describes that the LED can irradiate the illuminance so as to be 1 to 10 lx on the surface of the irradiated object, but it is directly under or near the insect-proof lamp. Therefore, it is difficult for the insect repellent to make 1-10 lx in the entire field.

また、特許文献４に記載の人工照明の制御方法によれば、ヤガ類の防除と開花抑制とを行うことができるが、本発明者等の検討によれば、開花をきめ細かく制御しようとすると、照度を３６ルックス以上に切り替えることでは不十分である。   In addition, according to the control method of artificial lighting described in Patent Document 4, it is possible to control moths and suppress flowering, but according to the study by the present inventors, when trying to finely control flowering, It is not sufficient to switch the illuminance to 36 lux or more.

本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、害虫が忌避するとともに草花の開花に影響する黄色光を高い発光効率で放射することができ、使用個数、消費電力及びコストの削減に寄与し、光害を招きにくく、また寿命が長いＬＥＤランプを用いて、害虫防除するとともに草花の開花をきめ細かく制御することができる装置及び方法を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to repel pests and to radiate yellow light that affects the flowering of flowers with high luminous efficiency, contributing to reduction of the number used, power consumption and cost, An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method capable of controlling insect pests and finely controlling flowering of flowers using an LED lamp which is less likely to cause harm and has a long life.

上記課題を解決するために、次の手段（Ａ）（Ｂ）を採った。
（Ａ）草花の害虫防除及び開花制御装置
本発明の草花の害虫防除及び開花制御装置は、半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させる駆動装置を設け、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度を１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることができるようにしたことを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, the following means (A) and (B) were adopted.
(A) Plant Pest Control and Flowering Control Device A plant flower pest control and flowering control device according to the present invention comprises a light emitting device made of a semiconductor and emitting blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and the light emitting device comprises: An LED lamp, which is a combination of a phosphor emitting yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm using excited blue light or near ultraviolet light as excitation light, is placed above the cultivated flower and causes the LED lamp to emit light. A drive device is provided, and the illuminance at the upper end of the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp can be set to an arbitrary value set at 12 lx or more.

本発明における態様を以下に例示する。
（１）ＬＥＤランプ
ピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子を用いるのは、蛍光体を高効率で励起させることができるからである。発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光が（その略全てが蛍光体に吸収されて）ＬＥＤランプ外に実質的に漏れない場合には、青色光ないし近紫外光のうちのいずれの光を発光するものでもよいが、同光が（その一部が蛍光体に吸収されずに）実質的に漏れる場合には、青色光を発光するものが好ましい。近紫外光が漏れると、害虫を引き寄せるように作用することがある。 The aspect in this invention is illustrated below.
(1) LED lamp A light emitting element that emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm is used because the phosphor can be excited with high efficiency. When blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting element does not substantially leak outside the LED lamp (substantially all of the light is absorbed by the phosphor), any light of blue light or near ultraviolet light is used. It may emit light, but in the case where the same light substantially leaks (part of which is not absorbed by the phosphor), it is preferable to emit blue light. If near-ultraviolet light leaks, it may act to attract pests.

ピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体を用いるのは、同波長は前記加害形態の害虫（特にヤガ）の複眼を明反応させる作用が強く、害虫が特に忌避するからである。   The reason for using a phosphor that emits yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm is that the same wavelength has a strong action of brightly reacting the compound eyes of the harmful forms of insects (especially yaga), and the insects particularly avoid them.

（１−１）発光素子
ピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子としては、特に限定されないが、ＧａＮ（窒化ガリウム）系半導体や、酸化亜鉛系半導体からなる発光素子を例示できる。発光効率が高く寿命も長い点で、ＧａＮ系半導体からなる発光素子が好ましい。 (1-1) Light Emitting Element Although not particularly limited as a light emitting element that emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, a light emitting element made of a GaN (gallium nitride) based semiconductor or a zinc oxide based semiconductor is used. It can be illustrated. A light-emitting element made of a GaN-based semiconductor is preferable in terms of high luminous efficiency and long life.

さらに、発光素子は、ＡｌｘＧａ１−ｘＮ（但し、０＜ｘ＜１）の層を含むｐ型クラッド層と、ＡｌｙＧａ１−ｙＮ（但し、０≦ｙ＜１）の層を含むｎ型クラッド層とに挟まれた、インジウムを含む層を含む発光層を備えたダブルヘテロ構造を有するものであることが好ましい。発光効率が高いからである。 Further, the light-emitting element includes a p-type cladding layer including a layer of Al x Ga 1-x N (where 0 <x <1) and a layer of Al y Ga 1-y N (where 0 ≦ y <1). It is preferable to have a double hetero structure provided with a light emitting layer including a layer containing indium, sandwiched between n-type cladding layers containing. This is because the luminous efficiency is high.

ｐ型クラッド層は、バンドギャップが前記ｎ型クラッド層のバンドギャップより大きいことが好ましい。また、ｐ型クラッド層は、互いに組成が異なる窒化物半導体膜が積層された超格子構造からなることが好ましい。ｎ型クラッド層も、互いに組成が異なる窒化物半導体膜が積層された超格子構造からなることが好ましい。   The p-type cladding layer preferably has a band gap larger than that of the n-type cladding layer. The p-type cladding layer preferably has a superlattice structure in which nitride semiconductor films having different compositions are stacked. The n-type cladding layer also preferably has a superlattice structure in which nitride semiconductor films having different compositions are stacked.

発光層は、ＡｌａＩｎｂＧａ１−ａ−ｂＮ（但し、０≦ａ＜１，０＜ｂ＜１）からなる井戸層とＡｌｃＩｎｄＧａ１−ｃ−ｄＮ（但し、０≦ｃ＜１，０≦ｄ＜１）からなるバリア層とからなり、前記バリア層のバンドギャップエネルギーが前記井戸層のバンドギャップエネルギーより大きい量子井戸構造であることが好ましい。また、発光層は、ＩｎＧａＮからなる井戸層とＧａＮ又はＡｌＧａＮからなるバリア層とからなる量子井戸構造であることがより好ましい。 The light emitting layer includes a well layer composed of Al a In b Ga 1-ab N (where 0 ≦ a <1, 0 <b <1) and Al c In d Ga 1-cd N (where 0 ≦ a <1, 0 <b <1). It is preferable that the barrier layer has a quantum well structure in which the band gap energy of the barrier layer is larger than the band gap energy of the well layer. The light emitting layer preferably has a quantum well structure including a well layer made of InGaN and a barrier layer made of GaN or AlGaN.

（１−２）蛍光体
前記青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体としては、特に限定されないが、高効率である点で、希土類珪酸塩系蛍光体が好ましい。希土類珪酸塩系蛍光体としては、ＬＩＴＥＣ社の商品名ＦＡ５６５等を例示できる。 (1-2) Phosphor The phosphor that emits yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm using the blue light or near-ultraviolet light as excitation light is not particularly limited, but is a rare earth silicate system in terms of high efficiency. A phosphor is preferred. Examples of rare earth silicate phosphors include LITEC's trade name FA565.

蛍光体は、発光素子のモールド材又は該モールド材のコーティング材として使用される透明樹脂（例えばエポキシ樹脂やシリコーン）に混合された形で、発光素子と組み合わされている態様を例示できる。該態様には、モールド材のうちの一部、例えばリードフレームカップ内の透明樹脂のみに混合する態様も含まれる。該態様において、混合する範囲の透明樹脂における蛍光体の濃度は、４０〜６０％が好ましく、５０〜５５％がより好ましい。蛍光体の濃度が４０％未満になると、ＬＥＤランプが発光した青色光ないし近紫外光の一部しか吸収しなくなって、黄色光が弱くなるとともに、青色光ないし近紫外光がＬＥＤランプ外に多く漏れる傾向となる。蛍光体の濃度が６０％を超えると、かえって発光効率が落ち、光度にばらつきが生じる傾向となる。   The phosphor is exemplified by a mode in which the phosphor is combined with the light emitting element in a form mixed with a transparent resin (for example, epoxy resin or silicone) used as a molding material of the light emitting element or a coating material of the molding material. This mode includes a mode in which only a part of the molding material, for example, the transparent resin in the lead frame cup is mixed. In this embodiment, the concentration of the phosphor in the transparent resin to be mixed is preferably 40 to 60%, more preferably 50 to 55%. When the concentration of the phosphor is less than 40%, only a part of the blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the LED lamp is absorbed, the yellow light is weakened, and a large amount of blue light or near ultraviolet light is present outside the LED lamp. It tends to leak. If the concentration of the phosphor exceeds 60%, the luminous efficiency is lowered and the luminous intensity tends to vary.

ＬＥＤランプは、前記黄色光によって、４０ｌｍ／Ｗ（ルーメン／ワット）以上の発光効率を有するものであることが好ましく、５０ｌｍ／Ｗ以上の発光効率を有するものであることがより好ましい。前記で例示した発光素子及び蛍光体を使用すれば、同発光効率を得ることができる。   The LED lamp preferably has a luminous efficiency of 40 lm / W (lumen / watt) or more by the yellow light, and more preferably has a luminous efficiency of 50 lm / W or more. If the light emitting element and the phosphor exemplified above are used, the same light emission efficiency can be obtained.

（２）照度
（２−１）下限と上限
ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度は、（害虫防除のためだけであれば１ｌｘ以上あればよいが）草花の開花を実用レベルで明確に制御するためには１２ｌｘ以上とする必要があり、好ましくは２５ｌｘ以上である。また、同照度の上限は、特に定めはないが、高すぎてもエネルギが無駄になるという観点からは、好ましくは１００ｌｘ以下であり、より好ましくは５０ｌｘ以下であり、前記の特許文献４より低い３５ｌｘ以下として省エネを図ることもできる。
（２−２）照度の均一性
ＬＥＤランプから放射される黄色光によって、ほ場における害虫防除及び開花制御の必要な被照射面全域での照度が１２ｌｘ以上となるように、ほ場に複数個の前記ＬＥＤランプを分散配置することが好ましい。ＬＥＤランプの数及び分散配置形態は、草花や害虫の種類を考慮して適宜に決定できる。また、ＬＥＤランプに光放射の指向角を拡げる光拡散部材を設けることが好ましい。光拡散部材としては、拡散レンズ、拡散反射鏡等を例示できる。 (2) Illuminance (2-1) Lower limit and upper limit The illuminance at the upper end of the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp (if it is only for pest control, it may be 1 lx or more) In order to control clearly, it is necessary to set it as 12 lx or more, Preferably it is 25 lx or more. The upper limit of the illuminance is not particularly defined, but is preferably 100 lx or less, more preferably 50 lx or less, and lower than Patent Document 4 from the viewpoint that energy is wasted even if it is too high. Energy saving can also be achieved at 35 lx or less.
(2-2) Uniformity of illuminance The yellow light emitted from the LED lamp allows a plurality of the above-mentioned illuminants in the field so that the illuminance in the entire irradiated surface required for pest control and flowering control in the field is 12 lx or more. It is preferable to disperse the LED lamps. The number of LED lamps and the dispersed arrangement form can be appropriately determined in consideration of the types of flowers and pests. Moreover, it is preferable to provide the LED lamp with a light diffusing member that expands the directivity angle of light emission. Examples of the light diffusing member include a diffusing lens and a diffusive reflecting mirror.

（３）駆動装置
駆動装置の電源装置としては、特に限定されないが、（ａ）商用交流電源から降圧、整流等の調整をするもの、（ｂ）太陽電池と該太陽電池が発電した電気を蓄える蓄電池とを備えるもの、（ｃ）風力発電機と該風力発電機が発電した電気を蓄える蓄電池とを備えるもの、または、これらを組み合わせて（例えばａ＋ｂ、ａ＋ｃ、ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ）切り替えられるようにしたもの等を例示できる。
また、駆動装置は、ＬＥＤランプの発光強度を切り替える回路を備えることが好ましい。草花の上端での照度が１２ｌｘ以上の任意の値となるように調整することが容易にでき、よりきめ細かい開花制御をすることができるからである。
また、駆動装置は、ＬＥＤランプをパルス駆動するパルス駆動回路を備えていることが好ましい。省エネルギになるとともに、上記ＬＥＤランプの発光強度の切り替えとしても利用することができるからである。駆動条件及びパルス駆動条件の調整については、害虫防除及び開花制御方法の項で説明する。 (3) Drive device The power supply device of the drive device is not particularly limited, but (a) adjusts voltage reduction, rectification, etc. from a commercial AC power supply, (b) stores a solar cell and electricity generated by the solar cell. A storage battery, (c) a wind generator and a storage battery for storing electricity generated by the wind power generator, or a combination of these (for example, a + b, a + c, a + b + c), etc. Can be illustrated.
Moreover, it is preferable that a drive device is provided with the circuit which switches the emitted light intensity of an LED lamp. This is because the illuminance at the upper end of the flower can be easily adjusted to an arbitrary value of 12 lx or more, and finer flowering control can be performed.
The driving device preferably includes a pulse driving circuit for driving the LED lamp in pulses. This is because it can save energy and can be used for switching the light emission intensity of the LED lamp. The adjustment of the driving conditions and the pulse driving conditions will be described in the section on pest control and flowering control methods.

（４）ＬＥＤランプの設置高さを変更する機構
ＬＥＤランプの設置高さを変更する機構としては、ＬＥＤランプを支持する部材を、ほ場に立設した支柱に対して上下位置調節可能に取り付ける機構や、ＬＥＤランプを支持する部材を吊り下げ、その吊り下げ長さを変更する機構等を例示することができる。 (4) Mechanism for changing the installation height of the LED lamps As a mechanism for changing the installation height of the LED lamps, a mechanism for attaching a member that supports the LED lamps so that the vertical position of the members can be adjusted with respect to a column that is erected in the field. In addition, a mechanism that suspends a member that supports the LED lamp and changes the suspending length can be exemplified.

（Ｂ）草花の害虫防除及び開花制御方法
本発明の草花の害虫防除及び開花制御方法は、半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させることにより、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度が１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることにより、害虫防除しながら草花の開花を制御することを特徴とする。 (B) Plant Pest Control and Flowering Control Method The plant pest control and flowering control method according to the present invention comprises a light emitting device comprising a semiconductor and emitting blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and the light emitting device comprises: An LED lamp, which is a combination of a phosphor emitting yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm using excited blue light or near ultraviolet light as excitation light, is placed above the cultivated flower and causes the LED lamp to emit light. Thus, by setting the illuminance at the upper end of the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp to an arbitrary value set at 12 lx or more, the flowering of the flower is controlled while controlling the pest.

本発明における態様を以下に例示する。
（１）草花
害虫防除及び開花制御する草花としては、黄色光を忌避する害虫が付きやすく且つ日照時間が開花時期に影響するキク等の草花を例示することができる。 The aspect in this invention is illustrated below.
(1) Grass Flower Examples of the flower flower for pest control and flowering control include a flower flower such as chrysanthemum that is easily attached with a pest that repels yellow light and has a sunshine duration that affects the flowering time.

（２）ＬＥＤランプの設置高さを変更すること
草花の上端高さが高くなるにつれてＬＥＤランプの設置高さを高くすることが好ましい。草花の上端での照度が無用に変動しないようにするためである。 (2) Changing the installation height of the LED lamp It is preferable to increase the installation height of the LED lamp as the upper end height of the flower increases. This is to prevent the illuminance at the upper end of the flower from changing unnecessarily.

（３）ＬＥＤランプの駆動について
（３−１）駆動条件
特に限定されないが、例えばＧａＮ系半導体からなる発光素子を用いたＬＥＤランプの場合、一個の発光素子を電圧３．０〜３．２Ｖ、電流２０〜３０ｍＡで駆動することが好ましい。必要な光束を得ながら、発熱を抑えて寿命を延ばすことができるからである。 (3) Regarding driving of LED lamp (3-1) Driving conditions Although not particularly limited, for example, in the case of an LED lamp using a light emitting element made of a GaN-based semiconductor, one light emitting element is set to a voltage of 3.0 to 3.2 V, It is preferable to drive with a current of 20 to 30 mA. This is because heat generation can be suppressed and the life can be extended while obtaining the necessary luminous flux.

（３−２）パルス駆動
また、ＬＥＤランプをパルス駆動することが好ましい。パルス間隔は、特に限定されないが、２〜５ｍｓ（ミリ秒）が好ましい。半導体発光素子は通電が遮断されると残光のほとんどない状態で瞬時（ナノ秒以下）に消灯するが、黄色蛍光体は、半導体発光素子よりも長時間の残光特性を持つため、さらに長時間（少なくともミリ秒程度）残光を放射し、発光状態が保たれて害虫の忌避効果が持続するとともに、開花制御できるからである。このようにパルス駆動することにより、電力消費量を節減することができ、前記太陽電池と蓄電池による駆動の実現を容易化する。この点、前記従来の蛍光体を持たないＬＥＤでは、このようなパルス駆動を行うことができないから、本ＬＥＤランプの大きな利点といえる。 (3-2) Pulse drive It is preferable to drive the LED lamp in pulses. The pulse interval is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 5 ms (milliseconds). Semiconductor light-emitting elements are turned off instantaneously (nanoseconds or less) when there is almost no afterglow when power is cut off, but yellow phosphors have a longer afterglow characteristic than semiconductor light-emitting elements, making them even longer. This is because afterglow is emitted for a period of time (at least about milliseconds), the luminescent state is maintained, the pest repellent effect is maintained, and flowering control is possible. By pulse driving in this way, it is possible to reduce power consumption and facilitate the realization of driving by the solar cell and storage battery. In this respect, the LED without the conventional phosphor cannot be driven by such a pulse, which is a great advantage of the present LED lamp.

（３−３）太陽電池充電駆動
また、ＬＥＤランプを、（昼間に）太陽電池が発電した電気を蓄えた蓄電池により（夜間に）駆動することが好ましい。ランニングコストの節約となり、また、商用交流電源を引くことが困難なほ場において特に有用である。 (3-3) Solar Cell Charging Drive It is preferable to drive the LED lamp (at night) with a storage battery that stores the electricity generated by the solar cell (in the daytime). This is particularly useful in fields where running costs are saved and it is difficult to draw commercial AC power.

本発明の害虫防除及び開花制御装置及び方法によれば、害虫が忌避するとともに草花の開花に影響する黄色光を高い発光効率で放射することができ、使用個数、消費電力及びコストの削減に寄与し、光害を招きにくく、また寿命が長いＬＥＤランプを用いて、害虫防除するとともに草花の開花をきめ細かく制御することができる、という優れた効果が得られる。   According to the insect pest control and flowering control apparatus and method of the present invention, it is possible to radiate yellow light that repels insect pests and affects flowering of flowers with high luminous efficiency, and contributes to reduction in the number of used, power consumption, and cost. However, it is possible to obtain an excellent effect that it is possible to control pests and finely control the flowering of flowers using an LED lamp which is less likely to cause light pollution and has a long life.

草花の害虫防除及び開花制御装置は、半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させる駆動装置を設け、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度を１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることができるようにしたものである。   The plant pest control and flowering control device comprises a semiconductor, which emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting element as excitation light. An LED lamp combined with a phosphor emitting yellow light of 560 to 580 nm is installed above the flower being cultivated, a driving device for emitting the LED lamp is provided, and the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp The illuminance at the upper end of can be set to an arbitrary value set at 12 lx or more.

草花の害虫防除及び開花制御方法は、半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させることにより、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度が１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることにより、害虫防除しながら草花の開花を制御する。   A pest control and flowering control method of a flower includes a light emitting element made of a semiconductor and emitting blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and a peak wavelength using blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting element as excitation light. An LED lamp formed by combining a phosphor that emits yellow light of 560 to 580 nm is installed above the flower being cultivated, and the upper end of the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp by causing the LED lamp to emit light By controlling the illuminance at an arbitrary value set at 12 lx or more, flowering of the flower is controlled while controlling the pests.

図１〜図５は、本発明における害虫防除の部分を予備的に試験した実施例１を示している。図１、図２に示すように、実施例１の害虫防除装置１は、ハウス２内のほ場Ｂに設備されている。同ほ場Ｂは、長辺がの１２ｍ、短辺が５．３２ｍ、平面積が約６４ｍ２である。害虫防除装置１は、ほ場Ｂに対応する大きさで格子状に組まれて地面から２００ｃｍの高さ（Ｈ）に架設された支持フレーム３と、支持フレーム３の短辺方向中央部を長辺と平行に延びる中央枠部３ａの中間部に３００ｃｍのピッチで取り付けられた合計３つの４個集中型照明灯４と、支持フレーム３の２つの長辺部３ｂに３００ｃｍのピッチで取り付けられ、また２つの短辺部３ｃの中央部にも取り付けられた合計１２個の２個集中型照明灯５とを含む。 1 to 5 show Example 1 in which the pest control part of the present invention was tested in advance. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the pest control apparatus 1 of Example 1 is installed in a field B in a house 2. The field B has a long side of 12 m, a short side of 5.32 m, and a flat area of about 64 m 2 . The pest control apparatus 1 includes a support frame 3 that is assembled in a lattice shape with a size corresponding to the field B and is installed at a height (H) of 200 cm from the ground. A total of three four centralized illuminating lamps 4 attached to the middle part of the central frame part 3a extending in parallel with each other at a pitch of 300 cm, and attached to the two long side parts 3b of the support frame 3 at a pitch of 300 cm. It includes a total of twelve two concentrated illumination lamps 5 that are also attached to the center of the two short sides 3c.

４個集中型照明灯４は、図３（ａ）（ｂ）に示すように、支持フレーム３に取り付ける平板状の基板６と、基板６の下面に設けられて４個のＬＥＤランプ８を放射状に配向させる四角錐状の配向部材７と、配向部材７の４面に取り付けられた４個のＬＥＤランプ８とからなる。２個集中型照明灯４は、図３（ｃ）（ｄ）に示すように、支持フレーム３に取り付けるＬ字状の基板６と、基板６の下面に設けられて２個のＬＥＤランプ８を放射状に配向させる半割り四角錐状の配向部材７と、配向部材７の２面に取り付けられた２個のＬＥＤランプ８とからなる。   As shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the four centralized illuminating lamps 4 are provided with a flat board 6 attached to the support frame 3 and four LED lamps 8 provided radially on the lower surface of the board 6. And the four LED lamps 8 attached to four surfaces of the orientation member 7. As shown in FIGS. 3 (c) and 3 (d), the two centralized illuminating lamps 4 include an L-shaped substrate 6 attached to the support frame 3, and two LED lamps 8 provided on the lower surface of the substrate 6. It consists of a half-square pyramid-shaped orientation member 7 that is oriented radially and two LED lamps 8 attached to two surfaces of the orientation member 7.

これらのＬＥＤランプ８が、後述する電源装置・条件により１００％の光量で連続駆動されて全数点灯した時は、ほ場Ｂの全域における地上５０ｃｍでの照度が平均３．７５ｌｘでほぼ均一となり、後述する電源装置・条件によりパルス駆動されて全数点灯した時は、ほ場Ｂの全域における地上５０ｃｍでの照度がより低い値でほぼ均一となるようになっている。   When these LED lamps 8 are continuously driven with a light amount of 100% according to the power supply device and conditions described later and all of them are lit, the illuminance at 50 cm above the field B is almost uniform with an average of 3.75 lx. When all the devices are turned on by pulse driving according to the power supply device / conditions, the illuminance at 50 cm above the field B is almost uniform at a lower value.

図４（ａ）に示すように、ＬＥＤランプ８は、ＧａＮ系半導体からなる青色発光素子１１と、希土類珪酸塩（具体的にはＬＩＴＥＣ社の商品名ＦＡ５６５）からなる黄色蛍光体１２とを組み合わせて構成されている。発光素子１１はリードフレーム１３のマウントカップ１３ａ上に接着され、発光素子１１の一方の電極はボンディングワイヤ１６でリードフレーム１３に接続され、他方の電極はボンディングワイヤ１６で他方のリードフレーム１５に接続されている。マウントカップ１３ａ内には、黄色蛍光体１２が５０〜５５％の濃度で混合されたシリコーンの透明樹脂１４が充填されて、発光素子１１を封止している。そして、これら発光素子１１、マウントカップ１３ａ、透明樹脂１４等を封止するモールド材がエポキシ樹脂の透明樹脂１７で砲弾型に成形されている。透明樹脂１７の頂部は集光レンズ１８になっており、ＬＥＤランプ８の指向角を約６０°としている。   As shown in FIG. 4A, the LED lamp 8 is a combination of a blue light emitting element 11 made of a GaN-based semiconductor and a yellow phosphor 12 made of a rare earth silicate (specifically, a trade name FA565 manufactured by LITEC). Configured. The light emitting element 11 is bonded onto the mount cup 13 a of the lead frame 13, one electrode of the light emitting element 11 is connected to the lead frame 13 by the bonding wire 16, and the other electrode is connected to the other lead frame 15 by the bonding wire 16. Has been. The mount cup 13a is filled with a transparent silicone resin 14 in which the yellow phosphor 12 is mixed at a concentration of 50 to 55% to seal the light emitting element 11. A molding material for sealing the light emitting element 11, the mount cup 13 a, the transparent resin 14, and the like is formed into a shell shape with a transparent resin 17 of an epoxy resin. The top of the transparent resin 17 is a condensing lens 18, and the directivity angle of the LED lamp 8 is about 60 °.

図４（ｂ）は、前記発光素子１１の層構成を示している。発光素子１１は、透明基板として例えばサファイア基板１１１を有し、このサファイア基板１１１上に、ＭＯＣＶＤ法等によりＧａＮ系半導体層として例えば、バッファ層１１２、ｎ型コンタクト層１１３、ｎ型クラッド層１１４、多重量子井戸構造の活性層（発光層）１１５、ｐ型クラッド層１１６、およびｐ型コンタクト層１１７を順次形成し、スパッタリング法，真空蒸着法等により、ｐ型コンタクト層１１７上の全面に透光性電極１２０、透光性電極１２０上の一部にｐ電極１１８、およびｎ型コンタクト層１１３上の一部にｎ電極１１９を形成したものである。   FIG. 4B shows a layer structure of the light emitting element 11. The light emitting element 11 includes, for example, a sapphire substrate 111 as a transparent substrate, and on the sapphire substrate 111, for example, a buffer layer 112, an n-type contact layer 113, an n-type cladding layer 114, as a GaN-based semiconductor layer by MOCVD or the like. An active layer (light emitting layer) 115 having a multiple quantum well structure, a p-type cladding layer 116, and a p-type contact layer 117 are sequentially formed, and light is transmitted over the entire surface of the p-type contact layer 117 by sputtering, vacuum evaporation, or the like. The p-electrode 118 is formed on a part of the conductive electrode 120, the translucent electrode 120, and the n-electrode 119 is formed on a part of the n-type contact layer 113.

バッファ層１１２は、例えば、ＡｌＮからなり、ｎ型コンタクト層１１３は、例えば、ＧａＮ からなる。ｎ型クラッド層１１４は、例えば、ＡｌｙＧａ１−ｙＮ（０≦ｙ＜１）の層を含み、ｐ型クラッド層１１６は、例えば、ＡｌｘＧａ１−ｘＮ（０＜ｘ＜１）の層を含み、ｐ型コンタクト層１１７は、例えば、ＡｌｚＧａ１−ｚＮ（０≦ｚ＜１、ｚ＜ｘ）の層を含む。また、ｐ型クラッド層１１６のバンドギャップは、ｎ型クラッド層１１４のバンドギャップより大きい。ｎ型クラッド層１１４およびｐ型クラッド層１１６は、単一組成の構成であってもよいが、本例では超格子構造となるように、互いに組成が異なる厚み１００Å以下の上記の窒化物半導体膜が積層される構成となっている。 The buffer layer 112 is made of, for example, AlN, and the n-type contact layer 113 is made of, for example, GaN. The n-type cladding layer 114 includes, for example, a layer of Al y Ga 1-y N (0 ≦ y <1), and the p-type cladding layer 116 includes, for example, Al x Ga 1-x N (0 <x <1). The p-type contact layer 117 includes, for example, a layer of Al z Ga 1-z N (0 ≦ z <1, z <x). Further, the band gap of the p-type cladding layer 116 is larger than the band gap of the n-type cladding layer 114. The n-type clad layer 114 and the p-type clad layer 116 may have a single composition, but in this example, the nitride semiconductor film having a thickness of 100 mm or less having different compositions so as to have a superlattice structure. Are stacked.

活性層１１５は、ＩｎＧａＮ からなる複数の井戸層と、ＧａＮ又はＡｌＧａＮからなる複数のバリア層とからなる。また、超格子層を構成するように、井戸層およびバリア層の厚みは１００Å以下、好ましくは６０〜７０Åになっている。   The active layer 115 includes a plurality of well layers made of InGaN and a plurality of barrier layers made of GaN or AlGaN. Further, the thickness of the well layer and the barrier layer is 100 mm or less, preferably 60 to 70 mm so as to constitute the superlattice layer.

このように構成された発光素子１１の発光波長の半値幅は、５０ｎｍ以下、好ましく４０ｎｍ以下となっている。また、発光素子１１のピーク発光波長は、４５０〜４６０ｎｍの青色である。従って、ＬＥＤランプ８は、発光素子１１から発光された該青色光で前記黄色蛍光体１２を励起し、ピーク波長５７０〜５７２ｎｍの黄色光を放射するように構成されている。前記青色光はランプ外にはほとんど漏れない。   The half width of the emission wavelength of the light emitting element 11 configured in this way is 50 nm or less, preferably 40 nm or less. Moreover, the peak light emission wavelength of the light emitting element 11 is 450-460 nm blue. Therefore, the LED lamp 8 is configured to excite the yellow phosphor 12 with the blue light emitted from the light emitting element 11 and emit yellow light having a peak wavelength of 570 to 572 nm. The blue light hardly leaks outside the lamp.

図５に示すように、ＬＥＤランプ８はリード線２０によって８個ずつ直列に接続され、２４Ｖの直流電圧が直流電源装置２３から（パルス駆動回路２４を介さずに、又は介し）抵抗２５を介してＬＥＤランプ８に供給される。各ＬＥＤランプ８の発光素子１１はこうして調整された約３Ｖ、２０ｍＡの駆動条件で連続駆動され、或いはパルス駆動回路２４を介した場合にはパルス駆動される。なお、直流電源装置２３としては、商用交流電源に接続して整流する直流電源装置のほか、太陽電池により発電された電気を蓄えた蓄電池または燃料電池等を好ましく使用できる。   As shown in FIG. 5, eight LED lamps 8 are connected in series by lead wires 20, and a DC voltage of 24 V is supplied from a DC power supply device 23 (with or without the pulse drive circuit 24) via a resistor 25. And supplied to the LED lamp 8. The light emitting element 11 of each LED lamp 8 is continuously driven under the driving conditions of about 3 V and 20 mA adjusted as described above, or pulse driven when the pulse driving circuit 24 is used. In addition, as the DC power supply device 23, in addition to a DC power supply device that rectifies by connecting to a commercial AC power supply, a storage battery or a fuel cell that stores electricity generated by a solar battery can be preferably used.

上記構成の害虫防除装置１によれば、発光効率のよい青色発光素子１１と黄色蛍光体１２とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプ８を用い、またＬＥＤランプ８の指向角が約６０°であり、また４個集中型照明灯４及び２個集中型照明灯５によりＬＥＤランプ８を放射状に配向させるので、前記のとおり、ＬＥＤランプ８から放射される黄色光によって、ほ場Ｂの全域における地上５０ｃｍでの照度が１〜５ｌｘの範囲でほぼ均一となる。また、ＬＥＤランプ８を１個ずつ支持フレーム３に取り付ける手間は大変であるが、本実施例では４個又は２個のＬＥＤランプ８を４個集中型照明灯４又は２個集中型照明灯５に集中して設けているので、支持フレーム３に取り付ける手間を削減できる。   According to the pest control apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration, the LED lamp 8 formed by combining the blue light-emitting element 11 and the yellow phosphor 12 having high luminous efficiency is used, and the directivity angle of the LED lamp 8 is about 60 °. Since the LED lamps 8 are radially oriented by the four centralized illuminating lamps 4 and the two centralized illuminating lamps 5, as described above, the yellow light radiated from the LED lamps 8 causes the entire area of the field B at 50 cm above the ground. The illuminance is substantially uniform in the range of 1 to 5 lx. Further, it is troublesome to attach the LED lamps 8 to the support frame 3 one by one, but in this embodiment, four or two LED lamps 8 are provided as the four concentrated illumination lamps 4 or the two concentrated illumination lamps 5. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the trouble of attaching to the support frame 3.

この黄色光の略均一な照射によって、ほ場Ｂ全域の草花を害虫（特にヤガ）から効率よく保護できる。但し、この明るさは草花の開花にほとんど影響を与えない。また、ＬＥＤランプ８の効率が高いので、ＬＥＤランプ８の使用数を減らし、消費電力を節約できるとともに、ハウス２の設備レイアウトの自由度を高めることができる。また、前記パルス駆動によれば、さらに消費電力を節約できる。また、前記太陽電池及び蓄電池による駆動によれば、商用交流電源を引くことが困難なほ場において特に有用である。   By this substantially uniform irradiation of yellow light, the flowers in the entire field B can be efficiently protected from pests (particularly yaga). However, this brightness has little effect on the flowering of flowers. Moreover, since the efficiency of the LED lamp 8 is high, the number of LED lamps 8 used can be reduced, power consumption can be saved, and the degree of freedom in the facility layout of the house 2 can be increased. Further, according to the pulse drive, power consumption can be further saved. Further, the driving by the solar battery and the storage battery is particularly useful in a field where it is difficult to draw a commercial AC power source.

上記構成の害虫防除装置１を使用して、ＬＥＤ照明がオオタバコガの産卵数に及ぼす影響を調査した。この調査では、長野県野菜花き試験場内にあるカーネーションを栽培するハウス２（図１、図２に示すもの）に上記構成の害虫防除装置１を設備し、但しハウス２内には、ＬＥＤランプ８により照明されるＬＥＤ処理区のみならず、一部のＬＥＤランプ８は駆動しないようにしてその下方にＬＥＤランプ８により照明されない無処理区を形成した。   Using the pest control apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration, the effect of LED lighting on the number of eggs laid on the tobacco tobacco was investigated. In this survey, the pest control apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration is installed in a house 2 (shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) for cultivating carnations in the Nagano vegetable flowering test site, but an LED lamp 8 is provided in the house 2. In addition to the LED processing section illuminated by the above, a part of the LED lamps 8 is not driven, and an untreated section not illuminated by the LED lamps 8 is formed below the LED processing section.

［調査１］ まず、平成１９年８月３１日に、ハウス２内にプランター植えのカーネーションを設置するとともに、ハウス２内に未交尾のオオタバコガ雄成虫２０頭、雌成虫２０頭を放虫し、同日以降の毎日、１６：００〜７：００の間にＬＥＤ処理区のＬＥＤランプ８を連続駆動して、地上５０ｃｍでの照度を平均３．７５ｌｘとした（これを次の調査との関係で１００％光量という）。そして、放虫１日後から２１日後にかけて、ハウス２の予め定めたカーネーション２０株について、産下されたオオタバコガ卵数を調査した。供試したオオタバコガは、野菜花き試験場累代飼育系統である。表１に示す調査結果のとおり、ＬＥＤ処理区は無処理区と比較して産卵数が５０％以下で推移し、低密度に抑制された。

Figure 2009261267
[Investigation 1] First, on August 31, 2007, a planter-planted carnation was set up in House 2, and 20 male adults and 20 female adults that were not mated were released in House 2, Every day after that day, the LED lamp 8 in the LED processing section was continuously driven between 16:00 and 7:00, and the average illuminance at 50 cm above the ground was 3.75 lx (this is related to the next survey) 100% light intensity). Then, from the 1st day to the 21st day after the insect release, the number of laying eggs was investigated for 20 predetermined carnations of house 2. The tobacco moth that was tested was a breeding line of the vegetable flower test ground. As shown in the survey results shown in Table 1, the number of eggs laid in the LED-treated group was 50% or less compared to the untreated group, and was suppressed to a low density.
Figure 2009261267

［調査１］ 次に、平成１９年９月２７日に、ハウス２内に新たなプランター植えのカーネーションを設置するとともに、ハウス２内に未交尾のオオタバコガ雄成虫２０頭、雌成虫２０頭を放虫し、同日以降の毎日、１６：００〜７：００の間にＬＥＤランプ８をパルス駆動して、上記調査の１００％光量に対して５０％光量となるよう、地上５０ｃｍでの照度を平均１．８８ｌｘとした。そして、上記調査と同様、放虫１日後から２１日後にかけて、ハウス２の予め定めたカーネーション２０株について、産下されたオオタバコガ卵数を調査した。表２に示す調査結果のとおり、ＬＥＤパルス処理区は無処理区と比較して、放虫２１日後は産卵数が同数であったものの３日後から１７日後まで産卵数は５０％以下で推移し、低密度に抑制された。

Figure 2009261267
[Survey 1] Next, on September 27, 2007, a new planter-planted carnation was installed in House 2, and 20 male male adults and 20 female adults were released in House 2. Insect, every day after the same day, the LED lamp 8 is pulse-driven between 16: 00 and 7:00, and the illuminance at 50 cm above the ground is averaged so that the light intensity is 50% with respect to the 100% light intensity of the above survey 1.88 lx. Then, as in the case of the above survey, the number of laying eggs was investigated for 20 predetermined carnations of House 2 from 1 day to 21 days after insect release. As shown in the survey results shown in Table 2, the number of eggs laid in the LED pulse-treated group was 50% or less from 3 days to 17 days, although the number of eggs laid was the same after 21 days of release. , Suppressed to low density.
Figure 2009261267

上記の実施例１により害虫防除の効果が確認されたので、実施例２として図６〜図９に示す害虫防除及び開花制御の試験を行った。図６、図７に示すように、本実施例の害虫防除及び開花制御装置２６は、ハウス２７内のほ場Ｂに設備されている。同ほ場Ｂには、２ｍの長辺と１ｍの短辺とからなる長方形をなす平面積が２ｍ２の区画ｂ１〜ｂ７が、相互に光漏れが影響しないように充分な間隔をおいて７区画設定されている。各区画ｂ１〜ｂ７には複数のプランタ２８が縦横に並べて設置されるとともに、各区画ｂ１〜ｂ７の角に高さ２ｍの支柱２９が４本立設されている。 Since the effect of pest control was confirmed by the above Example 1, the test of pest control and flowering control shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the pest control and flowering control device 26 of this embodiment is installed in a field B in a house 27. In the same field B, the sections b1 to b7 having a rectangular area of 2 m long side and 1 m short side and having a plane area of 2 m 2 are separated by 7 sections with a sufficient interval so that light leakage does not affect each other. Is set. In each of the sections b1 to b7, a plurality of planters 28 are installed side by side, and four columns 29 having a height of 2 m are erected at the corners of the sections b1 to b7.

第１の区画ｂ１は、光を照射しない無処理区であり、支柱２９に照明装置は設けられていない。   The first section b1 is an untreated section that does not irradiate light, and no illumination device is provided on the support column 29.

第２の区画ｂ２は、キクの上端での照度が２ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり１．３〜２．２ｌｘ）となるように光を照射する区画であり、便宜上２ｌｘ区という。この２ｌｘ区では、支柱２９に図７及び図８（ａ）に示すような照明装置３０が設けられている。この照明装置３０は、長辺を隔てる支柱２９に跨る２本の梁部材３１と、両梁部材３１の途中部の２個所（長辺を４等分する３つの分割点のうちの両側２点の個所又はそこから２０ｃｍ以内の個所）に横架されて両梁部材３１を連結する２本の横架部材３２と、各横架部材３２の中央部に１個取り付けられたＬＥＤランプ８及びその取付板３３とから構成されている。
梁部材３１の両端は支柱２９を取り巻いて折り返すループ部３４になっており、その折り返し部分３４ａのボルト・ナット３５を弛めてループ部３４を大きくすれば、支柱２９に対し上下動させることができ、ボルト・ナット３５を締めてループ部３４を小さくすれば、支柱２９に対して締着できるようになっている。
図８（ｄ）に示すように、横架部材３２にはＬ型アングル材が使用され、内直角形成面３２ａを下向きに伏せた山形の姿勢で、両端部が梁部材３１に固定されている。ＬＥＤランプ８は透明樹脂よりなる取付板３３に上向きに取り付けられ、取付板３３が横架部材３２に取り付けられている。ＬＥＤランプ８は実施例１のものと同一であり、これを駆動する電源装置・条件も実施例１と基本的には同一である（但しこの実施例では連続駆動で試験した）。ＬＥＤランプ８が上向きに発した光は、横架部材３２の内直角形成面３２ａで反射されて、下向きに広角に照射される。このため、ＬＥＤランプ８が合計２個と少数であるにも拘わらず、区画ｂ２の全体がほぼ均一な照度となるように光を照射することができる。 The second section b2 is a section that emits light so that the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 2 lx (more specifically, 1.3 to 2.2 lx as will be described later), and is referred to as a 2 lx section for convenience. In the 2lx section, the illuminating device 30 as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. This illuminating device 30 includes two beam members 31 straddling struts 29 separating the long sides, and two portions in the middle of both beam members 31 (two points on both sides of three divided points that divide the long sides into four equal parts. Or a portion within 20 cm from there), two horizontal members 32 that connect the beam members 31, and one LED lamp 8 attached to the central portion of each horizontal member 32 and its The mounting plate 33 is constituted.
Both ends of the beam member 31 are loop portions 34 that wrap around the support column 29 and bend back. If the loop portion 34 is enlarged by loosening the bolts and nuts 35 of the turn-up portion 34a, the beam member 31 can be moved up and down. It can be fastened to the support 29 by tightening the bolts and nuts 35 to make the loop portion 34 small.
As shown in FIG. 8 (d), an L-shaped angle material is used for the horizontal member 32, and both end portions are fixed to the beam member 31 in an angled posture in which the inner right angle forming surface 32 a is faced downward. . The LED lamp 8 is mounted upward on a mounting plate 33 made of a transparent resin, and the mounting plate 33 is mounted on the horizontal member 32. The LED lamp 8 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the power supply device and conditions for driving the LED lamp 8 are basically the same as those of the first embodiment (however, in this embodiment, it was tested by continuous driving). The light emitted upward by the LED lamp 8 is reflected by the inner right-angle forming surface 32a of the horizontal member 32 and is irradiated downward at a wide angle. For this reason, it is possible to irradiate light so that the entire section b2 has almost uniform illuminance even though the number of LED lamps 8 is a small number of two.

第３の区画ｂ３は、キクの上端での照度が５ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり２．２〜４．４ｌｘ）となるように光を照射する区画であり、便宜上５ｌｘ区という。この５ｌｘ区では、支柱２９には図８（ｂ）に示すような照明装置３０が設けられている。この照明装置３０は、区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の梁部材３１と、両梁部材３１の途中部の２個所（長辺を３等分する２つの分割点の個所又はそこから２０ｃｍ以内の個所）に横架されて両梁部材３１を連結する区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の横架部材３２と、各横架部材３２の途中部に２個取り付けられた区画ｂ２のものと同様のＬＥＤランプ８及びその取付板３３とから構成されている。
この照明装置３０も、ＬＥＤランプ８が合計４個と少数であるにも拘わらず、区画ｂ２のものと同様の理由で、区画ｂ３の全体がほぼ均一な照度となるように光を照射することができる。 The third section b3 is a section that emits light so that the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 5 lx (more specifically, 2.2 to 4.4 lx as described later), and is referred to as a 5 lx section for convenience. In the 5lx section, the column 29 is provided with a lighting device 30 as shown in FIG. The lighting device 30 includes two beam members 31 similar to those in the section b2 and two middle portions of both beam members 31 (two split points that divide the long side into three equal parts or within 20 cm from there. Two horizontal members 32 similar to those of the section b2 that is horizontally mounted to connect both beam members 31, and those of the section b2 that are attached to the middle part of each horizontal member 32 The LED lamp 8 and the mounting plate 33 are the same.
The illumination device 30 also irradiates light so that the entire section b3 has almost uniform illuminance for the same reason as that of the section b2, although the number of LED lamps 8 is a small number of four. Can do.

第４の区画ｂ４は、キクの上端での照度が８ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり４．６〜７．６ｌｘ）となるように光を照射する区画であり、便宜上８ｌｘ区という。この８ｌｘ区では、支柱２９には図８（ｃ）に示すような照明装置３０が設けられている。この照明装置３０は、区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の梁部材３１と、両梁部材３１の途中部の４個所（長辺を５等分する４つの分割点の個所又はそこから２０ｃｍ以内の個所）に横架されて両梁部材３１を連結する区画ｂ２のものと同様の４本の横架部材３２と、各横架部材３２の途中部に２個取り付けられた区画ｂ２のものと同様のＬＥＤランプ８及びその取付板３３とから構成されている。
この照明装置３０も、ＬＥＤランプ８が合計８個と少数であるにも拘わらず、区画ｂ２のものと同様の理由で、区画ｂ４の全体がほぼ均一な照度となるように光を照射することができる。 The fourth section b4 is a section that emits light so that the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 8 lx (more specifically, 4.6 to 7.6 lx as described later), and is referred to as an 8 lx section for convenience. In the 8lx section, the column 29 is provided with a lighting device 30 as shown in FIG. The lighting device 30 includes two beam members 31 similar to those in the section b2 and four locations in the middle of both beam members 31 (four division points that divide the long side into five equal parts or within 20 cm from there. And four horizontal members 32 similar to those of the section b2 that is horizontally mounted to connect the beam members 31, and those of the section b2 that are attached to the middle part of each horizontal member 32. The LED lamp 8 and the mounting plate 33 are the same.
The illumination device 30 also irradiates light so that the entire section b4 has almost uniform illuminance for the same reason as that of the section b2, even though the number of LED lamps 8 is a small number of eight. Can do.

第５の区画ｂ５は、キクの上端での照度が２０ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり１２〜２８ｌｘ）となるように光を照射する区画であり、便宜上２０ｌｘ区という。この２０ｌｘ区では、支柱２９には図９（ａ）に示すような照明装置３０が設けられている。この照明装置３０は、区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の梁部材３１と、両梁部材３１の途中部の４個所（長辺を６等分する５つの分割点の個所又はそこから２０ｃｍ以内の個所）に横架されて両梁部材３１を連結する５本の横架部材３２と、各横架部材３２の途中部に２個取り付けられた区画ｂ２のものと同様のＬＥＤランプ８とから構成されている。
本区画の横架部材３２にはやはりＬ型アングル材が使用されるものの、図９（ｃ）に示すように、その一壁を水平にした姿勢で、両端部が梁部材３１に固定されている。ＬＥＤランプ８は前記Ｌ型アングル材の一壁に下向きに取り付けられている。
この照明装置３０は、ＬＥＤランプ８が合計１５個と多数であり、それらが広く分散配置されているため、区画ｂ５の全体がほぼ均一な照度となるように光を照射することができる。 The fifth section b5 is a section that irradiates light so that the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 20 lx (specifically, 12 to 28 lx as described later), and is referred to as a 20 lx section for convenience. In the 20 lx section, the column 29 is provided with a lighting device 30 as shown in FIG. The lighting device 30 includes two beam members 31 similar to those in the section b2, and four locations in the middle of both beam members 31 (locations of five division points that divide the long side into six equal parts or within 20 cm from there. From the five horizontal members 32 that are horizontally mounted to connect the beam members 31, and the LED lamps 8 similar to those in the section b2 attached to the middle part of each horizontal member 32. It is configured.
Although the L-shaped angle member is also used for the horizontal member 32 of this section, both ends are fixed to the beam member 31 in a posture in which one wall is horizontal as shown in FIG. 9C. Yes. The LED lamp 8 is mounted downward on one wall of the L-shaped angle member.
The lighting device 30 has a total of 15 LED lamps 8 and is widely distributed, so that light can be emitted so that the entire section b5 has almost uniform illuminance.

第６の区画ｂ６は、キクの上端での照度が５０ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり２５〜５２ｌｘ）となるように光を照射する区画であり、便宜上５０ｌｘ区という。この５０ｌｘ区では、支柱２９には図９（ｂ）に示すような照明装置３０が設けられている。この照明装置３０は、区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の梁部材３１と、区画ｂ５のものと同様の５本の横架部材３２と、各横架部材３２の途中部に６個取り付けられた区画ｂ２のものと同様のＬＥＤランプ８とから構成されている。
この照明装置３０は、ＬＥＤランプ８が合計３０個と多数であり、それらが広く分散配置されているため、区画ｂ６の全体がほぼ均一な照度となるように光を照射することができる。 The sixth section b6 is a section that emits light so that the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 50 lx (more specifically, 25 to 52 lx as will be described later), and is referred to as a 50 lx section for convenience. In this 50 lx section, the column 29 is provided with a lighting device 30 as shown in FIG. Six lighting devices 30 are attached to two beam members 31 similar to those in the section b2, five horizontal members 32 similar to those in the section b5, and six intermediate members of the horizontal members 32. The LED lamp 8 is the same as that of the section b2.
The lighting device 30 includes a large number of 30 LED lamps 8 and is widely distributed, so that light can be emitted so that the entire section b6 has almost uniform illuminance.

第７の区画ｂ７は、従来より使用されている白熱電球で光を照射する区画であり、便宜上白熱電球区という。この白熱電球区では支柱２９には図９（ｄ）に示すような照明装置４０が設けられている。この照明装置４０は、区画ｂ２のものと同様の２本の梁部材３１と、両梁部材３１の間に吊下された１個の７５Ｗ型の白熱電球４１とから構成されている。この白熱電球４１の光量は非常に高いことから、キクの上端での照度が１００ｌｘ近く（詳しくは後述のとおり４６〜９７ｌｘ）となる。   The 7th division b7 is a division which irradiates light with the incandescent lamp conventionally used, and is called an incandescent bulb area for convenience. In this incandescent lamp section, the support 29 is provided with a lighting device 40 as shown in FIG. The illuminating device 40 includes two beam members 31 similar to those in the section b2 and one 75W type incandescent bulb 41 suspended between the beam members 31. Since the light quantity of the incandescent bulb 41 is very high, the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is close to 100 lx (details are 46 to 97 lx as will be described later).

上記構成の害虫防除及び開花制御装置１を使用して、ＬＥＤ照明がキクの開花に及ぼす影響を調査した。
この調査では、長野県野菜花き試験場内にある１つのハウス２７において、各区画ｂ１〜ｂ７の１０個のプランタ２８に１０品種のキク、すなわち季咲時期が７〜８月である品種「岩の白扇」「千穂」「アルプス」「玉三郎」と、季咲時期が９〜１０月である品種「笑の曲」「笑の誉れ」「笑王」「秋風」「白妙」「清見」とを定植した。
具体的には、まず、平成１９年５月２８日に、２００穴のセル成型トレイに１０品種のキクをさし芽して発根させた後、６月１８日に１プランタ２８（サイズ６０ｃｍ×２０ｃｍ）当たり１０株を定植した。培土には「プロミックスＢＸ（カナダ製、ＰＲＥＭＩＥＲ ＨＯＲＴＩＣＵＬＴＵＲＥ社の商品名）」と「花専用培土（信濃培養土社の商品名）」とを体積比で２：１に混合したものを使用した。６月２５日に摘心し、その後伸長した芽を１株当たり２本に仕立てた。施肥は、７月１０日に「ロング４２４−１００（旭化成ケミカルズ社の商品名）」を１プランター当たり１７ｇ施用した。
ＬＥＤランプ８及び白熱電球４１の照明は、定植から試験終了まで行い、ＬＥＤランプ８は終夜照明、白熱電球４１は２２時〜２時まで４時間の暗期中断とした。同照明によるキクの上端（生長点）付近における各区の照度を６月２３日に測定した結果、２ｌｘ区で１．３〜２．２ｌｘ、５ｌｘ区で２．２〜４．４ｌｘ、８ｌｘ区で４．６〜７．６ｌｘ、２０ｌｘ区で１２〜２８ｌｘ、５０ｌｘで２５〜５２ｌｘ、白熱電球区で４６〜９７ｌｘと、同一区内でも場所による差が多少あった。
次の表３及び表４に、キクが定植以降どの時期にどの程度開花したかについての試験結果を示す。 Using the pest control and flowering control device 1 having the above-described configuration, the effect of LED lighting on the flowering of chrysanthemum was investigated.
In this survey, in one house 27 in the Nagano vegetable flowering test site, 10 planters 28 in each section b1 to b7 have 10 varieties of chrysanthemum, that is, the cultivar “Iwano White fan, Chiho, Alps, Tamasaburo, and varieties "Laughter of laughter", "Lord of laughter", "Laughter of laughter", "Autumn wind", "Shiramyo", "Kiyomi" Planted.
Specifically, first, on May 28, 2007, 10 kinds of chrysanthemum were sprouted and rooted on a 200-hole cell molding tray, and then on June 18, one planter 28 (size 60 cm). 10 plants were planted per × 20 cm). For the cultivation, a mixture of “Promix BX (made in Canada, trade name of PREMIER HORTICULTURE)” and “Flower-only cultivation soil (trade name of Shinano Cultured Earth)” in a volume ratio of 2: 1 was used. On June 25th, the buds were picked and then expanded to 2 buds per strain. As for fertilization, “Long 424-100 (trade name of Asahi Kasei Chemicals)” was applied on July 10, 17 g per planter.
The lighting of the LED lamp 8 and the incandescent bulb 41 was performed from planting to the end of the test, the LED lamp 8 was illuminated all night, and the incandescent bulb 41 was interrupted for a dark period of 4 hours from 22:00 to 2 o'clock. As a result of measuring the illuminance of each zone in the vicinity of the upper end (growth point) of chrysanthemum with the same lighting on June 23, it is 1.3 to 2.2 lx in 2 lx district, 2.2 to 4.4 lx in 8 lx district, and 8 lx district There were some differences depending on the location even in the same section: 4.6 to 7.6 lx, 12 to 28 lx in the 20 lx section, 25 to 52 lx in the 50 lx, and 46 to 97 lx in the incandescent bulb section.
The following Table 3 and Table 4 show the test results on how much and when the chrysanthemum flowered after planting.

Figure 2009261267
Figure 2009261267

Figure 2009261267
Figure 2009261267

表３及び表４のとおり、次のことが判明した。
（１）無処理区における各品種の開花率が１００％に達したのは、「岩の白扇」、「アルプス」で８月２３日、「千穂」「玉三郎」で９月１４日、「笑の曲」「笑の誉」「笑王」で９月２８日、「秋風」「白妙」で１０月５日、「清見」で１０月１２日であった。
（２）これに対し、５０ｌｘ区では、調査終了時の１０月１９日までに全く開花しなかった品種が７品種あり、一部が開花した３品種でも開花時期は無処理区に比べると大幅に遅れ、照明による開花抑制効果が極めて顕著に認められた。
（３）２０ｌｘ区では、１０月１９日までに全く開花しなかった品種は３品種と５０ｌｘより少なかったが、他の７品種でも無処理区より開花時期が遅れており、照明による開花抑制効果が顕著に認められた。
（４）８ｌｘ区及び５ｌｘ区では、いずれの品種においても無処理区に比べると開花時期は遅れたものの、その程度は２０ｌｘ区及び５０ｌｘ区に比べると小さかった。よって、実用レベルで所望のとおりに開花制御できるとまでは言い難い。
（５）２ｌｘ区では、無処理区より開花始期が遅れた品種が６品種あったものの、開花率が１００％に達したのが無処理区より遅れたのは、「玉三郎」「笑王」の２品種のみであり、開花への影響は小さかった。
（６）なお、この定植から試験終了までの間、ハウス２２は外部から害虫が侵入できる状態であったが、（無処理区を除く）２ｌｘ区、５ｌｘ区、８ｌｘ区、２０ｌｘ区、５０ｌｘ区及び白熱電球区では、上記実施例１の調査２と同等又はそれ以上の照度でキクを照らしたので、オオタバコガの防除効果があったものと推定される。 As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the following was found.
(1) The flowering rate of each variety in the untreated area reached 100% on August 23 for “Iwa no Hakusen” and “Alps” and on September 14 for “Choho” and “Tamasaburo” It was September 28 for “Song of Laughter”, “Honor of Laughter”, and “Shouoh”, October 5 for “Akikaze” and “Shiramyo”, and October 12 for “Kiyomi”.
(2) On the other hand, in the 50 lx ward, there are 7 varieties that did not flower at all by October 19 at the end of the survey, and the flowering time of the 3 varieties partially flowered was much larger than that of the untreated cultivar. After that, the flowering suppression effect by lighting was recognized remarkably.
(3) In 20 lx, the number of cultivars that did not flower at all by October 19 was less than 3 varieties and 50 lx, but the other 7 cultivars also delayed the flowering time from the untreated group, and the flowering suppression effect by lighting Was noticeable.
(4) In the 8lx and 5lx groups, the flowering time was delayed in all varieties compared to the untreated group, but the degree was small compared to the 20lx and 50lx groups. Therefore, it is difficult to say that flowering can be controlled as desired at a practical level.
(5) In the 2lx ward, there were 6 varieties whose flowering start time was delayed compared to the untreated ward, but the flowering rate reached 100% later than the untreated ward was “Tamasaburo” and “Laughing” ”, And the effect on flowering was small.
(6) It should be noted that during the period from this planting to the end of the test, the house 22 was in a state where pests could invade from the outside, but (excluding the untreated zone) 2lx, 5lx, 8lx, 20lx, 50lx In the incandescent light bulb area, chrysanthemum was illuminated with an illuminance equivalent to or higher than that in Survey 2 of Example 1 above.

以上を考慮すると、使用したＬＥＤランプ８では、キクの上端での照度が概ね２ｌｘ以下の場合にはキクの開花にほとんど影響を及ぼさないが、２０ｌｘ区のように（上記のとおり１２〜２８ｌｘと場所による差があったので、少なくとも下限値である）１２ｌｘ以上になるとキクの開花を抑制し、５０ｌｘ区のように（上記のとおり２５〜５２ｌｘと場所による差があったので、少なくともその下限値である）２５ｌｘ以上の時に開花抑制程度が最も大きかった。従って、前記の特許文献４では照度を３６ｌｘ以上に切り替えて開花抑制するとしていたので、必ずしもきめ細かい開花制御ができなかったが、ＬＥＤランプ８の発光によりキクの上端での照度を１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とする（例えば、１２ｌｘとしたり、２５ｌｘとしたり、あるいは途中で照度を変更したりする等）ようにすれば、キクの品種や所望の出荷時期に合わせて、開花時期をきめ細かく制御することができることが判明した。   Considering the above, in the LED lamp 8 used, when the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is approximately 2 lx or less, it hardly affects the flowering of chrysanthemum, but like the 20 lx section (as described above, 12 to 28 lx Since there was a difference depending on the location, the flowering of chrysanthemums was suppressed when it was 12 lx or more, which is at least the lower limit, and as in the 50 lx section (as mentioned above, there was a difference depending on the location from 25 to 52 lx, so at least the lower limit) The degree of flowering suppression was the greatest at 25 lx or more. Therefore, in the above-mentioned Patent Document 4, since the illuminance is switched to 36 lx or more to suppress flowering, fine flowering control cannot always be performed, but the illuminance at the upper end of the chrysanthemum is set to 12 lx or more by the light emission of the LED lamp 8. (For example, 12 lx, 25 lx, or changing the illuminance in the middle), the flowering time is finely controlled according to chrysanthemum varieties and desired shipping time. It turns out that you can.

なお、本発明は前記実施例に限定されるものではなく、発明の趣旨から逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更して具体化することもできる。   In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning of invention, it can change suitably and can be actualized.

本発明の実施例１に係る害虫防除装置を示すハウスの側面図である。It is a side view of the house which shows the pest control apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. ハウスの内側から天井面を見た該装置の下面図である。It is the bottom view of this apparatus which looked at the ceiling surface from the inner side of the house. （ａ）（ｂ）はそれぞれ該装置の４個集中型照明灯の側面図及び下面図、（ｃ）（ｄ）はそれぞれ該装置の２個集中型照明灯の側面図及び下面図である。(A) and (b) are a side view and a bottom view of the four concentrated illumination lamps of the device, respectively, and (c) and (d) are a side view and a bottom view of the two concentrated illumination lamps of the device, respectively. （ａ）は該装置のＬＥＤランプを示す断面図、（ｂ）は該ＬＥＤランプの発光素子の層構成を示す概略図である。(A) is sectional drawing which shows the LED lamp of this apparatus, (b) is schematic which shows the layer structure of the light emitting element of this LED lamp. 該装置の電気配線図である。It is an electrical wiring diagram of this device. 本発明の実施例２に係る害虫防除及び開花制御装置を示すハウスの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the house which shows the pest control and the flowering control apparatus which concern on Example 2 of this invention. 該装置の２ｌｘ区の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of 2lx section of this device. （ａ）（ｂ）（ｃ）は該装置のそれぞれ２ｌｘ区、５ｌｘ区、８ｌｘ区の平面図、（ｄ）は該装置のＬＥＤランプの側面図である。(A), (b) and (c) are plan views of 2lx, 5lx and 8lx sections of the device, respectively, and (d) is a side view of the LED lamp of the device. （ａ）（ｂ）は該装置のそれぞれ２０ｌｘ区、５０ｌｘ区の平面図、（ｃ）は該装置のＬＥＤランプの側面図、（ｄ）は該装置の白熱電球区の平面図である。(A) and (b) are plan views of 20 lx section and 50 lx section of the device, respectively, (c) is a side view of an LED lamp of the device, and (d) is a plan view of an incandescent bulb section of the device.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

８ ＬＥＤランプ
１１ 青色発光素子
１２ 黄色蛍光体
２１ 開花制御装置
２３ 直流電源装置
２４ パルス駆動回路
３０ 照明装置 8 LED lamp 11 Blue light emitting element 12 Yellow phosphor 21 Flowering control device 23 DC power supply device 24 Pulse drive circuit 30 Illumination device

Claims (4)

半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させる駆動装置を設け、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度を１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることができるようにしたことを特徴とする草花の害虫防除及び開花制御装置。   A light emitting element made of a semiconductor that emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and a fluorescence that emits yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm using the blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting element as excitation light. An LED lamp that is combined with the body is installed above the flower that is being cultivated, a drive device that emits the LED lamp is provided, and the illuminance at the upper end of the flower that is illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp is set to 12 lx or more An insect pest control and flowering control device characterized in that it can be set to an arbitrary value. 前記ＬＥＤランプの設置高さを変更する機構を備えた請求項１記載の草花の害虫防除及び開花制御装置。   The plant pest control and flowering control device according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism for changing the installation height of the LED lamp. 半導体からなりピーク波長３７０〜４８０ｎｍの青色光ないし近紫外光を発光する発光素子と、前記発光素子が発光した青色光ないし近紫外光を励起光としてピーク波長５６０〜５８０ｎｍの黄色光を放射する蛍光体とを組み合わせてなるＬＥＤランプを、栽培中の草花の上方に設置し、前記ＬＥＤランプを発光させることにより、前記ＬＥＤランプの発光により照らされる草花の上端での照度が１２ｌｘ以上で設定される任意の値とすることにより、害虫防除しながら草花の開花を制御することを特徴とする草花の害虫防除及び開花制御方法。   A light emitting element made of a semiconductor that emits blue light or near ultraviolet light having a peak wavelength of 370 to 480 nm, and a fluorescence that emits yellow light having a peak wavelength of 560 to 580 nm using the blue light or near ultraviolet light emitted from the light emitting element as excitation light. An illuminance at the upper end of the flower illuminated by the light emission of the LED lamp is set to 12 lx or more by installing an LED lamp combined with the body above the flower under cultivation and causing the LED lamp to emit light. A method for controlling insect pests and controlling flowering, characterized by controlling the flowering of plants and flowers while controlling pests by setting an arbitrary value. 草花の上端高さが高くなるにつれてＬＥＤランプの設置高さを高くする請求項３記載の草花の害虫防除及び開花制御方法。   4. The method for controlling insect pests and controlling flowering according to claim 3, wherein the installation height of the LED lamp is increased as the upper end height of the flower increases.
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