JP2009220242A - Turning device - Google Patents

Turning device Download PDF

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JP2009220242A
JP2009220242A JP2008069306A JP2008069306A JP2009220242A JP 2009220242 A JP2009220242 A JP 2009220242A JP 2008069306 A JP2008069306 A JP 2008069306A JP 2008069306 A JP2008069306 A JP 2008069306A JP 2009220242 A JP2009220242 A JP 2009220242A
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workpiece
support portion
contact support
turning
contact
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Taisuke Tokuwaki
泰輔 徳脇
Yutaka Narita
豊 成田
Makoto Nakamura
誠 中村
Tadayuki Oshima
忠幸 大島
Hiromoto Furubayashi
宏基 古林
Tomohito Terajima
智史 寺嶋
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a turning device capable of turning with superior accuracy of straightness while improving turning efficiency and preventing defective parts from being produced and a turning tool from being damaged. <P>SOLUTION: In this turning device, a work is held at both ends by respective holding parts, and while rotating the work about its axis, the turning tool is brought into contact with the surface of the work for turning. A work contact support part for supporting the work by coming into contact with the surface of the work, a work contact support part moving means for moving the work contact support part in the same direction as the turning tool when the turning tool is moved in the axial direction, a vibration detection means for detecting the vibration of the work contact support means, and a turning tool projecting amount adjusting means for retreating the projecting amount of the turning tool to the work when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detection means exceeds a predetermined range. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、長尺の軸物部品(電子写真用のロール部材など)の外形形状を精密に加工することのできる旋削加工装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a turning apparatus capable of precisely processing the outer shape of a long shaft component (such as a roll member for electrophotography).

ローラ、シャフトなどの、部品特性の中で高精度な回転精度を求められる部品については、素材の外径を機械加工(切削、研削)することが必要となる。特に複写機、印刷機などの作像機能を有する機器の搬送部品などでは要求されるフレ精度としてはすでに0.01mmレベルの極めて高いものとなっている。   For parts such as rollers and shafts that require high rotational accuracy in the part characteristics, it is necessary to machine (cut, grind) the outer diameter of the material. In particular, the flutter accuracy required for a conveying part of a device having an image forming function such as a copying machine or a printing machine has already been extremely high at a level of 0.01 mm.

また、これらのローラやシャフト部品が組み合わせて使用される場合には、各部品の干渉、当接位置、隙間(ギャップ)のばらつきにも所定の高い精度も求められるために、軸幅全域の外径差(円筒度)も高精度が求められ、精度レベルとしては0.010mm以下、計測単位としては0.1μm単位まで必要なものとなっている。   In addition, when these rollers and shaft parts are used in combination, a predetermined high accuracy is required for the interference, contact position, and gap (gap) variation of each part. The diameter difference (cylindricity) is also required to have high accuracy, and the accuracy level is required to be 0.010 mm or less and the measurement unit is required up to 0.1 μm.

また、高精度化だけではなく、同時に省スペース化と軽量化とが求められているが、これら部品の大きさのうち、その軸長は機能上変えられないために、結果として、小径化と薄肉化とが求められることとなっている。   Also, not only high accuracy but also space saving and light weight are required at the same time. Among these parts, the axial length cannot be changed functionally. Thinning is required.

従って、これらのローラや、シャフト部品の外径加工に対しては、高精度化と小径、薄肉化が課題となっており、さらに量産工程においては、ばらつきの低減、高効率生産(生産タクトの短縮)、自動化が求められている。   Therefore, high precision, small diameter, and thin wall are issues for the outer diameter machining of these rollers and shaft parts. Furthermore, in the mass production process, variation is reduced and high-efficiency production (production tact time) is achieved. (Shortening) and automation is required.

これらの課題に対応するために、加工機は、ワーク(被加工物)の両端を保持(チャッキング)する際に発生するワーク変形を極力小さくする、いわゆるチャック変形によるワーク精度の悪化を小さくすることや、切削加工であれば、交換バイトの固体差を小さくする等の検討が行われている。   In order to deal with these problems, the processing machine minimizes work deformation that occurs when holding (chucking) both ends of a work (workpiece), and reduces deterioration of work accuracy due to so-called chuck deformation. In addition, in the case of cutting, studies such as reducing the solid difference of the exchange tool have been made.

しかし、小径化、薄肉化により以下の課題がある。
(1)チャック変形が生じ易くなる。
(2)ワークに対して、加工力(抵抗)が作用した際、ワーク中央部では加工力に対してのワーク剛性が、つりあいが取れず、その結果、ワークの変形が大きくなり、両端部の外径に対して中央の外径が大きくなる(真直精度が大きくなる)、びびり、フレの増加などの加工精度の悪化が懸念される。
(3)加工回転に対してねじれ剛性も小さくなり、ねじれ変形、若しくは保持部でのスリップによるキズ発生などの不具合がある。
However, there are the following problems due to the reduction in diameter and thickness.
(1) Chuck deformation is likely to occur.
(2) When a machining force (resistance) is applied to the workpiece, the workpiece rigidity against the machining force cannot be balanced at the center of the workpiece, resulting in increased deformation of the workpiece, There is a concern about deterioration of processing accuracy such as an increase in the center outer diameter (increasing straightness accuracy), chatter, and flare with respect to the outer diameter.
(3) The torsional rigidity is reduced with respect to the processing rotation, and there are problems such as torsional deformation or generation of scratches due to slipping at the holding portion.

これらはすべてワークの剛性の低下による不具合であり、加工方法の検討が必要となっている。   All of these are defects due to a decrease in the rigidity of the workpiece, and it is necessary to examine the processing method.

ここで、特開平5−245701号公報記載の技術では、バイトを対向させて切削力のバランスを取ることでふれ精度、円筒度精度の向上が図れるものであったが、使用するバイトが複数であるためにバイトの劣化や摩耗などによる切削力に対応するのが困難であると云う欠点があった。   Here, in the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-245701, the cutting accuracy and cylindricity accuracy can be improved by balancing the cutting force by facing the cutting tools. However, a plurality of cutting tools are used. For this reason, there is a drawback that it is difficult to cope with cutting force due to tool deterioration or wear.

さらに、特開2007−47322公報に記載の技術では、旋削加工装置において振れ止めを用いて、面精度の向上、ばりの除去、ふれ精度の向上を図っているが、ワークの剛性の低下により、バイトとの接触が大きくなった被加工物がふれ止めに強く押しつけられてしまうために不良品の発生が多くなって生産効率が低くなり、また、加工中の被加工物が装置から外れて、その際にバイトが折れてしまうなどの問題があった。
特開平5−245701号公報 特開2007−47322公報
Furthermore, in the technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-47322, the turning apparatus uses a steady rest to improve the surface accuracy, remove the flash, and improve the deflection accuracy. Since the workpiece with increased contact with the tool is strongly pressed against the cleat, the occurrence of defective products increases and the production efficiency decreases, and the workpiece being processed comes off from the equipment. At that time, there was a problem that the byte was broken.
JP-A-5-245701 JP 2007-47322 A

本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とすることは、特開平5−245701号公報や特開2007−47322公報などの従来技術の問題点を有さず、加工効率を高め、不良品の多発やバイトの破損を防止しながら、真直度精度の良い加工が可能な旋削加工装置を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the object of the present invention is not to have the problems of the prior art such as Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 5-245701 and 2007-47322, and the processing efficiency. Is to provide a turning device capable of machining with high accuracy of straightness while preventing frequent defective products and breakage of cutting tools.

本発明の旋削加工装置は上記課題を解決するために、請求項1に記載の通り、円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、前記振動検出手段により検出された振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記バイトの被加工物への突き出しを後退させるバイト突き出し量調整手段が備えられていることを特徴とする旋削加工装置である。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the turning apparatus of the present invention holds a columnar or cylindrical workpiece by holding portions at both ends, respectively, and centers the axis as described in claim 1. In a turning apparatus that performs turning by bringing a cutting tool into contact with the surface of the work piece while rotating the work piece, the surface of the work piece is contacted in the vicinity of a position facing the work piece together with the cutting tool. Workpiece contact support that contacts and supports the work piece, Workpiece contact support that moves the work contact support portion in the same direction as the cutting tool according to the axial movement of the cutting tool Part moving means, vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support part, and the workpiece of the bite when the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration detecting means exceeds a predetermined range Buy retreating the protrusion to It is turning device according to claim in which the protrusion amount adjusting means is provided.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項2に記載の通り、円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、上記記振動検出手段により検出された前記振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記回転を停止させる回転制御手段が備えられていることを特徴とする旋削加工装置である。   Further, the turning device of the present invention, as described in claim 2, while holding a columnar or cylindrical workpiece by holding portions at both ends and rotating around the axis, In a turning apparatus that performs turning by bringing a cutting tool into contact with the surface of the work piece, the work piece comes into contact with the surface of the work piece in the vicinity of a position facing the work piece together with the cutting tool. A workpiece abutting support portion for supporting a workpiece; a workpiece abutting support portion moving means for moving the workpiece abutting support portion in the same direction as the bit according to the movement of the bit in the axial direction; Vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support section, and rotation control means for stopping the rotation when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detecting means exceeds a predetermined range. Features that are equipped with That is a turning device.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項3に記載の通り、請求項1または請求項2に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物が、前記被加工物当接支持部に設けられた円弧状の凹面の一部へ当接することを特徴とする。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turning device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the workpiece is provided on the workpiece contact support portion. It is characterized in that it comes into contact with a part of the arcuate concave surface.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項4に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物に対して前後方向に進退可能に保持する進退可能保持部と、前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物側に付勢する付勢手段と、が備えられていることを特徴とする。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turning apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the workpiece contact support portion is the workpiece. An advanceable / retractable holding portion that holds the workpiece so as to be movable back and forth in the front-rear direction, and a biasing means that biases the workpiece contact support portion toward the workpiece. To do.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項5に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物当接支持部が、ダイアモンドライクカーボン、フッ素樹脂、銅、及び、銅合金から選ばれる1つから構成されていることを特徴とする。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the turning apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the workpiece contact support portion is a diamond-like piece. It is composed of one selected from carbon, fluororesin, copper, and copper alloy.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項6に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物当接支持部の前記被加工物に当接する部分に潤滑剤を供給する潤滑剤供給部が備えられている。   Moreover, the turning apparatus of this invention is a turning apparatus of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5 as described in Claim 6. WHEREIN: The said workpiece of the said workpiece contact support part is processed. A lubricant supply unit is provided for supplying a lubricant to a portion in contact with the object.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項7に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の表面粗さが、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の表面粗さより小さいことを特徴とする。   The turning device of the present invention is the turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the workpiece contact support portion is the workpiece. The surface roughness of the workpiece contact support portion is a surface roughness of the processed surface obtained by processing the workpiece by the turning device. It is small.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項8に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面の摩擦係数が、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の摩擦係数より小さいことを特徴とする。   The turning device according to the present invention is the turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the workpiece contact support portion is the workpiece. The workpiece is abutted against the processed surface, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the workpiece abutting support portion with respect to the workpiece is determined so that the workpiece is processed by the turning device. It is characterized by being smaller than the coefficient of friction of the processed surface to be obtained.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項9に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記被加工物の両端付近に該被加工物を回転駆動するための駆動部がそれぞれ備えられ、前記両端の保持部が、同一の方向、位置、位相をもって回転されることを特徴とする。   The turning device according to the present invention is the turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the workpiece is provided near both ends of the workpiece. And a holding unit at both ends are rotated with the same direction, position, and phase.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置は、請求項10に記載の通り、請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと、前記被加工物当接支持部移動手段とがそれぞれ独立してNC制御で駆動されていることを特徴とする。   Moreover, the turning apparatus of this invention is the turning apparatus of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 9 as described in Claim 10, The said cutting tool and the said workpiece contact support part. The moving means is driven by NC control independently of each other.

本発明の旋削加工装置によれば、円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、前記振動検出手段により検出された振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記バイトの被加工物への突き出しを後退させるバイト突き出し量調整手段が備えられている。   According to the turning device of the present invention, a cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece is held on the surface of the workpiece while holding both ends thereof by holding portions and rotating around the axis. In a turning apparatus that performs a turning process by contacting the workpiece, a workpiece contact that supports the workpiece by contacting the surface of the workpiece in the vicinity of a position facing the workpiece together with the cutting tool. A workpiece contact support portion moving means for moving the workpiece contact support portion in the same direction as the cutting tool in accordance with the movement of the cutting tool in the axial direction; Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration, and a tool protrusion amount adjusting means for retreating the protrusion of the tool to the workpiece when the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration detector exceeds a predetermined range. It has been.

この構成により、被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、その結果、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となるとともに、加工効率を高め、不良品の多発やバイトの破損を防止しながら、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   With this configuration, deformation of the work piece can be suppressed, and as a result, processing with high accuracy of straightness is possible, while improving processing efficiency and preventing frequent defective products and breakage of the cutting tool, straightness Accurate machining is possible.

請求項2に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、上記記振動検出手段により検出された前記振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記回転を停止させる回転制御手段が備えられている。   According to the turning processing apparatus of claim 2, the columnar or cylindrical workpiece is held by the holding portions at both ends, and the workpiece is rotated while rotating around the axis. In a turning apparatus that performs a turning process by bringing a cutting tool into contact with the surface, a workpiece that supports the workpiece by contacting the surface of the workpiece in the vicinity of a position facing the workpiece together with the cutting tool. Workpiece contact support section, workpiece contact support section moving means for moving the workpiece contact support section in the same direction as the cutting tool according to the movement of the cutting tool in the axial direction, and workpiece contact Vibration detection means for detecting the vibration of the support portion and rotation control means for stopping the rotation when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detection means exceeds a predetermined range are provided.

この構成により、被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、その結果、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となるとともに、加工効率を高め、不良品の多発やバイトの破損を防止しながら、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   With this configuration, deformation of the work piece can be suppressed, and as a result, processing with high accuracy of straightness is possible, while improving processing efficiency and preventing frequent defective products and breakage of the cutting tool, straightness Accurate machining is possible.

請求項3に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物が、前記被加工物当接支持部に設けられた円弧状の凹面の一部へ当接、すなわち面接触的な当接をおこなうために、切削力に対するサポートの抗力が分散され、点接触の場合に生じるような集中荷重は生じないので、切削力のベクトルの変動に対しても容易に追従し、力学的なバランスをとることが可能となり、その結果、より真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   According to the turning processing apparatus of claim 3, the workpiece is brought into contact with a part of the arc-shaped concave surface provided in the workpiece contact support portion, that is, in contact with the surface. For this purpose, the drag force of the support against the cutting force is dispersed and no concentrated load is generated as in the case of point contact. Therefore, the fluctuation of the vector of the cutting force can be easily followed and a mechanical balance is achieved. As a result, processing with higher straightness accuracy is possible.

請求項4に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物に対して前後方向に進退可能に保持する進退可能保持部と、前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物側に付勢する付勢手段と、が備えられているために、突発的な被加工物との当接力や切削力の増大または変化に対応でき、バイト等の工具の損傷を抑えることができる。   According to the turning processing apparatus of claim 4, the abutting and supporting unit that holds the workpiece abutting and supporting portion so as to be movable back and forth in the front-rear direction with respect to the workpiece, and the workpiece abutting support Urging means for urging the portion toward the workpiece, so that it is possible to cope with a sudden increase or change in the contact force with the workpiece and the cutting force. Damage can be suppressed.

請求項5に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物当接支持部が、ダイアモンドライクカーボン、フッ素樹脂、銅、及び、銅合金から選ばれる1つから構成されているために、被加工物当接支持部で生じる負荷や発熱を効果的に防止することができる。   According to the turning processing apparatus of the fifth aspect, since the workpiece contact support portion is composed of one selected from diamond-like carbon, fluororesin, copper, and copper alloy, It is possible to effectively prevent the load and heat generated in the workpiece contact support portion.

請求項6に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物当接支持部の前記被加工物に当接する部分に潤滑剤を供給する潤滑剤供給部が備えられているために、被加工物当接支持部で生じる負荷や発熱を効果的に防止することができる。   According to the turning processing apparatus of the sixth aspect, since the lubricant supply portion that supplies the lubricant to the portion of the workpiece contact support portion that contacts the workpiece is provided, It is possible to effectively prevent the load and heat generation that occur in the object contact support portion.

請求項7に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の表面粗さが、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の表面粗さより小さいために、加工面にきずや、ばりなどの不具合を生じさせない。   According to the turning processing apparatus of claim 7, the workpiece contact support portion is in contact with a processed surface of the workpiece, and the surface of the workpiece contact support portion Since the roughness is smaller than the surface roughness of the processed surface obtained by processing the workpiece by the turning device, defects such as flaws and flash are not generated on the processed surface.

請求項8記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面の摩擦係数が、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の摩擦係数より小さいために、加工されて得られる加工面への被加工物当接支持部への抵抗力が減少し、安定した加工が可能となる。   According to the turning processing apparatus of claim 8, the workpiece contact support portion is in contact with a processed surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece contact support portion is processed. Since the friction coefficient of the contact surface to the workpiece is smaller than the friction coefficient of the processing surface obtained by processing the workpiece by the turning device, the workpiece contact to the processing surface obtained by processing Resistance to the support portion is reduced, and stable processing is possible.

また、請求項9に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記被加工物の両端付近に該被加工物を回転駆動するための駆動部がそれぞれ備えられ、前記両端の保持部が、同一の方向、位置、位相をもって回転されるために、被加工物に対して、ねじれ変形及び、保持部でのスリップを効果的に防止させることができ、結果としてより高い精度の加工が可能となる。   Further, according to the turning device of the ninth aspect, the drive unit for rotationally driving the workpiece is provided in the vicinity of both ends of the workpiece, and the holding units at both ends are in the same direction. Since the workpiece is rotated with its position and phase, the workpiece can be effectively prevented from torsional deformation and slipping at the holding portion, and as a result, machining with higher accuracy is possible.

また、請求項10に記載の旋削加工装置によれば、前記バイトと、前記被加工物当接支持部移動手段とがそれぞれ独立してNC制御で駆動されている。   Further, according to the turning processing apparatus of the tenth aspect, the cutting tool and the workpiece contact support part moving means are independently driven by NC control.

このような構成によりバイトと被加工物当接支持部とを独立して、例えばNC制御などにより駆動させることが可能となり、このとき、段付き形状の軸部材、仕上範囲が特定される部材など様々な加工に対して対応させることもできる。   With this configuration, the tool and the workpiece contact support part can be driven independently by, for example, NC control. At this time, a stepped shaft member, a member whose finishing range is specified, etc. It is also possible to cope with various processing.

本発明の旋削加工装置は上述のように、円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、上記記振動検出手段により検出された前記振動の大きさが前記所定の範囲を超えたときに前記回転を停止させる回転制御手段が備えられている。   As described above, the turning device of the present invention holds a columnar or cylindrical workpiece by holding the both ends thereof by holding portions and rotating the workpiece around the axis while rotating the axis around the workpiece. In a turning apparatus that performs a turning process by bringing a tool into contact with the tool, a work that contacts the surface of the workpiece and supports the workpiece in the vicinity of a position facing the workpiece with the tool in between. A workpiece abutting support portion, a workpiece abutting support portion moving means for moving the workpiece abutting support portion in the same direction as the bit according to the movement of the bite in the axial direction, and the workpiece abutting support Vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration of the part, and rotation control means for stopping the rotation when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detecting means exceeds the predetermined range.

ここで、図1に本発明の旋削加工装置の一例Aのモデル図を図1(a)(正面図)及び図1(b)(バイト3付近での断面図)に示す。   Here, FIG. 1 shows a model diagram of an example A of the turning processing apparatus of the present invention in FIG. 1 (a) (front view) and FIG. 1 (b) (sectional view in the vicinity of the cutting tool 3).

円柱状の被加工物1を、その両端1aをそれぞれ保持部としてチャック装置2等で保持しながら、被加工物1の軸を中心に図示しないモータなどで回転駆動させながら、被加工物1の表面にバイト3を当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置Aであり、バイト3と共に被加工物1を挟んで対向する位置付近に、この例では被加工物1の旋削加工済み部分の表面(加工済み面)1bに接して被加工物1を支持する被加工物当接支持部4と、バイト3の軸方向の移動(図中左矢印)に従って、バイト3と同方向(図中左矢印)に前記被加工物当接支持部4を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段(図示しないアクチュエータ等)と、を備えている。   While the cylindrical workpiece 1 is held by the chuck device 2 or the like with both ends 1a as holding portions, the workpiece 1 is rotated around a shaft of the workpiece 1 by a motor (not shown) or the like. A turning apparatus A that performs turning with the cutting tool 3 in contact with the surface. In this example, the surface of the turned part of the work piece 1 (in the vicinity of the position facing the work piece 1 with the cutting tool 3) ( According to the workpiece contact support portion 4 that supports the workpiece 1 in contact with the processed surface 1b and the movement of the cutting tool 3 in the axial direction (left arrow in the figure), the same direction as the cutting tool 3 (left arrow in the figure) And a workpiece contact support portion moving means (an actuator (not shown) or the like) for moving the workpiece contact support portion 4.

ここで、図2(a)(正面図)及び図2(b)(バイト3付近での断面図)にモデル的に示したように、長尺小径軸物切削においては、切削力が作用することで被加工物では切屑切断と被加工物の変形とが生じる。切削力が被加工物の両端付近に作用している場合には、その部分の被加工物の剛性が大きいので切削力による変化量は小さいが、被加工物での中央部での加工ではその部分の被加工物の剛性が小さく、その結果、被加工物の変形(たわみ)が生じ、切屑切断力が減少する。この場合の切削力は、主分力と背分力の合力のことを指す(図2(b)参照)。   Here, as shown in FIG. 2A (front view) and FIG. 2B (cross-sectional view near the cutting tool 3) as a model, cutting force acts in cutting a long and small-diameter shaft object. In the workpiece, chip cutting and deformation of the workpiece occur. When the cutting force is acting near both ends of the work piece, the amount of change due to the cutting force is small because the rigidity of the work piece at that part is large. The rigidity of the part of the workpiece is small, and as a result, deformation (deflection) of the workpiece occurs, and the chip cutting force decreases. The cutting force in this case refers to the resultant force of the main component force and the back component force (see FIG. 2B).

その際、上記被加工物当接支持部をバイト3と共に被加工物を挟んで対向する位置に備えられた補助支持手段により、被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   At that time, deformation of the work piece can be suppressed by the auxiliary support means provided at the position where the work piece abutting support portion and the cutting tool 3 are opposed to each other with the work piece interposed therebetween. Is possible.

ここで、被加工物の未加工部分は形状精度(円筒度、真円度、フレ)のばらつきが大きく、被加工物当接支持部4との安定した当接状態は得られにくい。このために、上記例のように被加工物当接支持部4は被加工物1の旋削加工済み部分の表面1bに当接するものであることが安定した当接状態が得られるために好ましい。   Here, the unprocessed portion of the workpiece has a large variation in shape accuracy (cylindricity, roundness, flare), and it is difficult to obtain a stable contact state with the workpiece contact support portion 4. For this reason, it is preferable that the workpiece contact support portion 4 is in contact with the surface 1b of the turned portion of the workpiece 1 as in the above example because a stable contact state is obtained.

図2(b)に示されたように、切削力は主分力と背分力との合力(ベクトル)であり、切削代、送り、バイト仕様、バイトの劣化、被加工物のばらつきなどにより、これら主分力と背分力とは変動することがある。よって、被加工物1の被加工物当接支持部4への当接は図3(a)に示したようなV字溝面4b有する被加工物当接支持部4による2箇所での当接より、図3(b)に示したような、被加工物当接支持部4に設けられた、当接する部分の被加工物の径よりも若干大きい径の、被加工物を90〜180°の範囲でカバーする円弧状の凹面4aの一部への当接である方が、好ましい(このとき円弧状の凹面の軸が被加工物の軸とほぼ同軸となるように配置される)。すなわち後者では、いわば面接触的な当接による被加工物の支持が行われるために、切削力に対する抗力が分散され、前者の点接触的な集中荷重ではないために、切削力のベクトルの変動に対しても容易に追従し、力学的なバランスをとることが可能である。   As shown in Fig. 2 (b), the cutting force is the resultant force (vector) of the main component force and the back component force, which depends on the cutting allowance, feed, tool specifications, tool deterioration, workpiece variation, etc. The main component force and the back component force may fluctuate. Therefore, the contact of the workpiece 1 with the workpiece contact support portion 4 is performed at two locations by the workpiece contact support portion 4 having the V-shaped groove surface 4b as shown in FIG. The workpiece having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the workpiece at the abutting portion provided on the workpiece abutting support portion 4 as shown in FIG. It is preferable that the contact is made with a part of the arcuate concave surface 4a covering in the range of 0 ° (in this case, the axis of the arcuate concave surface is arranged so as to be substantially coaxial with the axis of the workpiece). . That is, in the latter case, since the workpiece is supported by so-called surface contact, the drag against the cutting force is dispersed, and since the former is not a point contact concentrated load, the variation in the vector of the cutting force It is possible to follow easily and balance mechanically.

ここで、被加工物の加工外径と被加工物当接支持部の円弧状の凹面との隙間が、大きすぎると面接触的効果が得られず、切削力による被加工物の変形をサポートできなくなる。このために上記被加工物当接支持部の円弧状の凹面は、被加工物の表面に対して、フレ0.02mm以下の加工に対しても隙間0.1mm以下となるようにすることが好ましい。   Here, if the gap between the outer diameter of the workpiece and the arcuate concave surface of the workpiece abutment support is too large, a surface contact effect cannot be obtained, and deformation of the workpiece due to cutting force is supported. become unable. For this reason, the arc-shaped concave surface of the workpiece abutting support portion should have a gap of 0.1 mm or less with respect to the surface of the workpiece even when machining with a flare of 0.02 mm or less. preferable.

被加工物当接支持部は切削力に対応し、被加工物の変形を拘束するため、被加工物の加工面に対し位置制御されて当接し、かつ、被加工物の軸方向に移動することが必要であるが、突発的な当接力、切削力の増大などの変化に対応して、被加工物の加工面突き出し方向に対して逃げる方向にバネ機構を有することで工具の損傷を抑えることができるように、被加工物当接支持部を被加工物に対して前後方向に進退可能に保持する進退可能保持部と、この被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物側に付勢するばねやエアーシリンダなどの付勢手段と、が備えられていることが好ましい。   The workpiece contact support portion corresponds to the cutting force and restrains deformation of the workpiece, so that the workpiece is in contact with the processing surface of the workpiece while being controlled in position, and moves in the axial direction of the workpiece. Although it is necessary, the damage to the tool is suppressed by having a spring mechanism in the direction of escaping with respect to the work surface protrusion direction of the workpiece in response to changes such as sudden contact force and increased cutting force. A workpiece contact support portion that can be moved forward and backward with respect to the workpiece so that the workpiece contact support portion can be moved forward and backward, and the workpiece contact support portion is attached to the workpiece side. It is preferable that a biasing means such as a biasing spring or an air cylinder is provided.

このような、突発的な被加工物当接支持部に対する被加工物の当接圧の変化は、切屑が加工面と被加工物当接支持部とに食込む場合が考えられ、切削力の変化とは、バイトの磨耗による切削力の増加、加工段取り時の設定ミス時の事故未然防止が挙げられる。   Such a sudden change in the contact pressure of the workpiece with respect to the workpiece abutting support portion may be caused by chips cutting into the machining surface and the workpiece abutting support portion. Examples of the change include an increase in cutting force due to wear of the cutting tool, and prevention of accidents when a setting error occurs during machining setup.

被加工物は高速で回転しているために、被加工物当接支持部との当接(接触)箇所では負荷発生や、発熱が生じる。このために被加工物当接支持部の当接部分に緩衝材を介し、被加工物の加工面との当接を安定させる機構が必要となる。このような機構の例として、表面に潤滑性の高いコーティング(DLCコーティング、フッ素コーティング)、熱伝道性の高い銅やその合金のメッキを施したり、被加工物当接支持部の被加工物に当接する部分に潤滑剤を供給する潤滑剤供給部が備えることも有効である。このような潤滑剤としては一般的に金属の切削加工で使用される非水溶性、または水溶性の切削油などが挙げられ、潤滑剤はポンプや、あるいは重力によって必要箇所に供給される。   Since the workpiece is rotating at a high speed, a load is generated and heat is generated at a contact (contact) position with the workpiece contact support portion. For this reason, a mechanism for stabilizing the contact of the workpiece with the processing surface of the workpiece through the buffering material at the contact portion of the workpiece contact support portion is required. Examples of such mechanisms include high lubricity coating (DLC coating, fluorine coating) on the surface, plating of copper and its alloys with high thermal conductivity, and the workpiece on the workpiece contact support part. It is also effective to provide a lubricant supply unit that supplies a lubricant to the abutting portion. Examples of such a lubricant include a water-insoluble or water-soluble cutting oil generally used in metal cutting, and the lubricant is supplied to a necessary portion by a pump or gravity.

ここで、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の表面粗さより、前記被加工物当接支持部の表面粗さが小さいことが好ましい。ここで、粗さは表面粗さ計などで測定できる。   Here, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the workpiece contact support portion is smaller than the surface roughness of the processed surface obtained by processing the workpiece with the turning device. Here, the roughness can be measured with a surface roughness meter or the like.

すなわち、被加工物当接支持部は被加工物の加工面に当接させるが、加工面にきず、ばりなどの不具合を生じさせない必要がある。その為には被加工物当接支持部の加工精度は加工面より高く、ラップ仕上げなどにより、切削加工面の粗さの1/5〜1/20程度とすることが好ましい。被加工物は回転駆動されており、その加工面は被加工物当接支持部の当接面によって擦られて、面の凹凸の凸が削られ、被加工物の粗さが切削状態のみの場合より少なくなり、結果として高精度な加工面を得ることができる。   In other words, the work piece contact support portion is brought into contact with the work surface of the work piece, but does not come into contact with the work surface and does not cause defects such as flash. For this purpose, the processing accuracy of the workpiece contact support portion is higher than that of the processing surface, and it is preferable to set the roughness of the cutting surface to about 1/5 to 1/20 by lapping or the like. The workpiece is rotationally driven, and the machining surface is rubbed by the abutting surface of the workpiece abutting support, and the unevenness of the surface is shaved, and the roughness of the workpiece is only in the cutting state. As a result, a highly accurate machined surface can be obtained.

さらに、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の摩擦係数より、前記被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面の摩擦係数が小さいことが好ましい。ここで摩擦係数は、静摩擦計などで測定できる。ただし、円弧内面となる当接面の場合には、被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面を形成するものと同じ材料を用い、被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面と同等の粗さ面を持つ平面を作製し、その摩擦係数を測定し、代替する。   Furthermore, it is preferable that the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the workpiece contact support portion with respect to the workpiece is smaller than the friction coefficient of the processed surface obtained by processing the workpiece with the turning device. Here, the friction coefficient can be measured with a static friction meter or the like. However, in the case of a contact surface that is an arc inner surface, the same material as that used to form the contact surface of the workpiece contact support portion to the workpiece is used, and the workpiece contact support portion is processed. Create a flat surface with the same rough surface as the contact surface to the object, measure its coefficient of friction, and replace it.

加工面の摩擦係数より被加工物当接支持部の摩擦係数を小さくすることで、被加工物当接支持部面と被加工物の当接における被加工物当接支持部からの抵抗力が減少し、安定した加工が可能となる。被加工物は駆動されて回転しており、加工面と被加工当接部との摩擦により生じた摩擦熱により、被加工物、及び、被加工物当接支持部の熱膨張による加工精度劣化が懸念される。ここで摩擦係数低減には前記サポート治具へのコーティング、被加工物当接支持部の当接面粗さの低減が挙げられるが、被加工物に被加工物当接支持部が食い込まないように被加工物当接支持部の位置を調整することが必要である。   By reducing the friction coefficient of the workpiece contact support portion from the friction coefficient of the workpiece surface, the resistance force from the workpiece contact support portion at the contact between the workpiece contact support portion surface and the workpiece is reduced. Reduced and stable processing becomes possible. The workpiece is driven to rotate, and the processing accuracy deteriorates due to the thermal expansion of the workpiece and workpiece contact support due to the frictional heat generated by the friction between the workpiece surface and the workpiece contact portion. Is concerned. Here, the friction coefficient can be reduced by coating the support jig and reducing the contact surface roughness of the work piece abutment support part, but the work piece contact support part should not bite into the work piece. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the position of the workpiece contact support portion.

さらに、被加工物の前記回転のために、前記被加工物の両端付近に駆動部がそれぞれ備えられていることが好ましい。このようにすることで、被加工物の両端に同一な方向、位置、位相をもって回転させることが可能となり、このとき、被加工物にねじれ変形の発生や、保持部でのスリップを防止することができる。   Furthermore, it is preferable that a drive unit is provided in the vicinity of both ends of the workpiece for the rotation of the workpiece. By doing so, it becomes possible to rotate both ends of the workpiece with the same direction, position, and phase, and at this time, it is possible to prevent the workpiece from being twisted and slipping at the holding portion. Can do.

このような被加工物の両端に同一な方向、位置、位相をもって回転させる手段としては、回転位置をポジションコーダ−で検知し、被加工物の両端の位置のふれを修正するように駆動モータのインバータにフィードバックする制御等が挙げられる。   As a means for rotating the workpieces with the same direction, position, and phase at both ends of the workpiece, the rotational position of the workpiece is detected by a position coder and the deviation of the positions of both ends of the workpiece is corrected. For example, control that feeds back to an inverter can be given.

ここで、小径の被加工物の場合にはたわみ剛性の他にねじれ剛性の低下も加工精度低下の要因となる。ここで、ねじれ剛性は外径の3乗に反比例するため、主軸回転開始時、バイト切り込み時、主軸停止時などで大きなねじれのストレスが作用することになる。   Here, in the case of a small-diameter workpiece, a reduction in torsional rigidity in addition to flexural rigidity also causes a reduction in machining accuracy. Here, since the torsional rigidity is inversely proportional to the cube of the outer diameter, a large torsional stress acts when the spindle rotation starts, when the cutting tool is cut, or when the spindle is stopped.

また、被加工物の両端における保持部においても作用するねじれ剛性以上の保持力で保持しないと保持部でスリップする場合が考えられるので、充分な力で保持できるようにすることが必要である。   Moreover, since it may be possible to slip at the holding portion unless the holding force at the both ends of the workpiece is held with a holding force greater than the torsional rigidity, it is necessary to be able to hold it with a sufficient force.

また、バイトと、前記被加工物当接支持部移動手段とがそれぞれ独立してNC制御で駆動されていることが好ましい。このとき、段付き形状の軸部材、仕上範囲が特定される部材などの様々な加工に対して対応させることもできる。ここで上記のNC制御とは、具体的には被加工物に加工不要部分がある場合などで、その部分での加工を行わないように、バイトと被加工物当接支持部移動手段とを被加工物表面から退避させたり、加工が必要な部分へこれらバイトと被加工物当接支持部移動手段とを移動させた後にバイトと被加工物当接支持部移動手段とを被加工物に対してつきだして加工処理を可能とさせる、バイトと被加工物当接支持部移動手段とに対する連携した制御であり、このようなNC制御を可能にする手段としては、バイト側のXZの二軸、被加工物当接支持部移動手段のXZの2軸、計4軸を個別にプログラムできるNC装置が挙げられる。   Further, it is preferable that the cutting tool and the workpiece contact support moving means are independently driven by NC control. At this time, it is possible to cope with various processes such as a stepped shaft member and a member whose finishing range is specified. Here, the NC control specifically refers to a case where there is an unnecessary part in the workpiece, and the tool and the workpiece abutting support moving means are arranged so as not to perform the machining in that part. The tool and workpiece contact support moving means are moved to the work piece after the tool and the workpiece contact support moving means are moved to the part that needs to be processed. This is a coordinated control of the cutting tool and the workpiece abutting support moving means that allows the processing to start, and means for enabling such NC control includes two XZ on the cutting tool side. There is an NC device that can individually program a total of four axes, two axes XZ of the workpiece and workpiece contact support moving means.

ここで、本発明の旋削加工装置(第1態様)は、被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、前記振動検出手段により検出された振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記バイトの被加工物への突き出しを後退させるバイト突き出し量調整手段が備えられている。被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段としては図5に示すように振動センサ5を、例えば被加工物当接支持部の背面部付近に取り付ける。振動センサ5からの振動信号はマイクロコンピュータ6及び、バイト3の突き出し量を調整するアクチュエータ7とから構成されたバイト突き出し量調整手段に入力され、その振動の大きさがマイクロコンピュータ6の図示しないメモリー格納された所定の範囲を超えたときにマイクロコンピュータ6はアクチュエータ7に信号を送り、アクチュエータ7はバイト3の被加工物1への突き出しを後退させる。   Here, the turning apparatus (first aspect) of the present invention includes a vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support portion, and a magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detecting means within a predetermined range. The tool is provided with a tool protrusion adjusting means for retreating the protrusion of the tool to the work piece when the tool exceeds the limit. As a vibration detecting means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support portion, a vibration sensor 5 is attached, for example, in the vicinity of the back surface portion of the workpiece contact support portion as shown in FIG. The vibration signal from the vibration sensor 5 is input to a bite protrusion amount adjusting means composed of a microcomputer 6 and an actuator 7 for adjusting the protrusion amount of the bit 3, and the magnitude of the vibration is stored in a memory (not shown) of the microcomputer 6. When the stored predetermined range is exceeded, the microcomputer 6 sends a signal to the actuator 7, and the actuator 7 retracts the protrusion of the cutting tool 3 to the workpiece 1.

このように、振動センサ5は振動検出手段として、マイクロコンピュータ6とアクチュエータ7とはバイト突き出し量調整手段を構成する。   As described above, the vibration sensor 5 serves as vibration detection means, and the microcomputer 6 and the actuator 7 constitute bite protrusion amount adjustment means.

この構成により、被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、その結果、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となるとともに、加工効率を高め、不良品の多発やバイトの破損を防止しながら、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   With this configuration, deformation of the work piece can be suppressed, and as a result, processing with high accuracy of straightness is possible, while improving processing efficiency and preventing frequent defective products and breakage of the cutting tool, straightness Accurate machining is possible.

また、本発明の旋削加工装置の他の態様(第2態様)では、前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、上記記振動検出手段により検出された前記振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記回転を停止させる回転制御手段が備えられている。被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段としては図6に示すように振動センサ5を、例えば被加工物当接支持部の背面部付近に取り付ける。振動センサ4からの振動信号はマイクロコンピュータ6’、及び、被加工物を回転させるモータとその制御機構8とから構成される回転制御手段に入力され、その振動の大きさがマイクロコンピュータ6’の図示しないメモリー格納された所定の範囲を超えたときにマイクロコンピュータ6’は回転制御手段8に信号を送り、回転制御手段8は被加工物1の回転を停止させる。このために不良品が発生した場合に直ちに加工を停止することができるので、無駄な時間を省くことができるので効率が上がるうえに、その後、例えばバイトの突き出し量を調節して再び加工を行うにより、再度の不良品の発生を防止することができる。またバイトの折損などの不良品による二次被害を予め防止することができる。   In another aspect (second aspect) of the turning apparatus of the present invention, vibration detection means for detecting vibration of the workpiece contact support portion, and the vibration detected by the vibration detection means. A rotation control means is provided for stopping the rotation when the size exceeds a predetermined range. As a vibration detection means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support portion, a vibration sensor 5 is attached, for example, in the vicinity of the back surface portion of the workpiece contact support portion as shown in FIG. The vibration signal from the vibration sensor 4 is input to a microcomputer 6 ′ and a rotation control means composed of a motor for rotating the workpiece and its control mechanism 8, and the magnitude of the vibration is that of the microcomputer 6 ′. When a predetermined range stored in a memory (not shown) is exceeded, the microcomputer 6 'sends a signal to the rotation control means 8, and the rotation control means 8 stops the rotation of the workpiece 1. For this reason, machining can be stopped immediately when a defective product occurs, so that unnecessary time can be saved and efficiency is increased. Thereafter, machining is performed again by adjusting the amount of protrusion of the tool, for example. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of defective products again. Further, secondary damage due to defective products such as broken tools can be prevented in advance.

このように、振動センサ5は振動検出手段として、マイクロコンピュータ6’とモータとその制御機構8とは回転制御手段を構成する。   As described above, the vibration sensor 5 serves as vibration detection means, and the microcomputer 6 ', the motor, and its control mechanism 8 constitute rotation control means.

このような構成により被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、その結果、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となるとともに、不良品の発生を低く抑えることができる。   With such a configuration, deformation of the workpiece can be suppressed, and as a result, processing with high accuracy of straightness can be performed, and the occurrence of defective products can be suppressed low.

この構成により、被加工物の変形を抑えることができ、その結果、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となるとともに、加工効率を高め、不良品の多発やバイトの破損を防止しながら、真直度精度の良い加工が可能となる。   With this configuration, deformation of the work piece can be suppressed, and as a result, processing with high accuracy of straightness is possible, while improving processing efficiency and preventing frequent defective products and breakage of the cutting tool, straightness Accurate machining is possible.

以下に本発明の実施例、及び、比較例について説明する。
加工ワーク(被加工物)は複写機内作像用部品の帯電ローラである。
被加工物は金属性のシャフト(=芯金)に帯電機能を有する電気抵抗調整層としての樹脂材料が被覆されている。芯金はSUM(Niめっき)(ステンレススチールからなる母材にニッケルめっきが施されている)からなる芯軸(外径:φ10mm、形層段部領域φ(直径)8mm、両端のジャーナル部φ6mm、全長350mm)上にこの芯軸をインサートとして、上記形層段部領域に、射出成形により円筒形状(φ14mm)の電気抵抗調整層を成形した。次に切削加工によって電気抵抗調整層の外径部を切削加工した。電気抵抗調整層部の外径を14mmからφ12.6mmになるように仕上げを行った(図4参照)。
Examples of the present invention and comparative examples will be described below.
The workpiece (workpiece) is a charging roller for image forming parts in the copying machine.
In the workpiece, a metallic shaft (= core) is coated with a resin material as an electric resistance adjusting layer having a charging function. The core metal is a core shaft (outer diameter: φ10 mm, shape layer step region φ (diameter) 8 mm, journal portions φ6 mm at both ends, made of SUM (Ni plating) (a nickel-plated base material made of stainless steel) A cylindrical (φ14 mm) electric resistance adjusting layer was formed by injection molding in the shape layer step region using this core shaft as an insert on the entire length 350 mm). Next, the outer diameter portion of the electric resistance adjusting layer was cut by cutting. Finishing was performed so that the outer diameter of the electrical resistance adjusting layer portion was changed from 14 mm to φ12.6 mm (see FIG. 4).

電気抵抗調整層成形に用いた樹脂組成物は、ABS樹脂(デンカABS GR−3000、電気化学工業社製)50重量%、ポリエーテルエステルアミド(IRGASTAT P18、チバスペシャリティケミカルズ社製)50重量%、ポリカーボネート−グリシジルメタクリレート−スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体(モディパーCL440−G、日本油脂社製)をポリエーテルエステルアミドとABS樹脂の合計100重量部に対して5重量部を混合の後、溶融混練してなる樹脂組成物である。   The resin composition used for molding the electric resistance adjusting layer was ABS resin (Denka ABS GR-3000, manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) 50% by weight, polyether ester amide (IRGASTAT P18, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.) 50% by weight, 5 parts by weight of a polycarbonate-glycidyl methacrylate-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (Modiper CL440-G, manufactured by NOF Corporation) is mixed with 100 parts by weight of polyether ester amide and ABS resin, and then melt-kneaded. It is the resin composition which becomes.

上記被加工物の剛性は、両端ジャーナル部を支持し中央部に集中加重500gf(約4.6N)を作用させた際にたわみ量が0.04mmとなるものであり、低加工力においても変形(弾性変形)し易い被加工物であった。   The rigidity of the workpiece is such that the deflection amount is 0.04 mm when the journals are supported at both ends and a concentrated load of 500 gf (approx. 4.6 N) is applied to the center, and deformation occurs even at low machining forces. The workpiece is easy to be (elastically deformed).

また、この帯電ローラは全長に亘る樹脂材料の両端部に幅8mm程の絶縁性の樹脂材料からなる鍔状材をそれぞれ配置し、この鍔状材により画像潜像機能ローラである感光体と上記電気抵抗調整層表面との隙間を常時一定幅に保つ必要があり、ローラの電気抵抗調整層表面の全フレ精度としては0.02mm以内であることが要求される。   Further, this charging roller is provided with a saddle-like material made of an insulating resin material having a width of about 8 mm at both ends of the resin material over the entire length. The gap between the surface of the electric resistance adjusting layer and the surface of the electric resistance adjusting layer must be kept constant at all times.

また、射出成形部分(被削材)の全フレ精度は0.1〜0.3mmのために、切削加工は次のように荒加工、仕上げ加工の2工程に分けた。なお、本例では上記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、振動検出手段により検出された振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときにバイトの被加工物への突き出しを後退させるバイト突き出し量調整手段が備えられている旋削加工装置を用いた。また、上記所定の範囲は加工を繰り返して最適な値に設定した。   Moreover, since the total flare accuracy of the injection-molded part (work material) is 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the cutting process is divided into two steps of roughing and finishing as follows. In this example, the vibration detection means for detecting the vibration of the workpiece contact support portion, and the workpiece of the cutting tool when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detection means exceeds a predetermined range. A turning device provided with a tool protrusion adjusting means for retreating the protrusion of the tool was used. The predetermined range was set to an optimum value by repeating the processing.

(1)荒加工
回転数:5000rpm、送り:0.25mm/rev、切削代:φ0.7mm。被加工物当接支持部の使用:なし
(2)仕上げ加工
回転数:3000rpm、送り:0.25mm/rev、切削代φ0.7mm。被加工物当接支持部の使用:あり(被加工物の加工済み面への当接)
(1) Roughing Rotation speed: 5000 rpm, feed: 0.25 mm / rev, cutting allowance: φ0.7 mm. Use of workpiece contact support portion: None (2) Finishing processing: Rotation speed: 3000 rpm, feed: 0.25 mm / rev, cutting allowance φ0.7 mm. Use of work piece abutment support: Yes (contact of work piece to machined surface)

バイトは焼結ダイヤモンド材で、r3、すくい角25°の形状のものを用いた。
被加工物当接支持部は仕上げ切削工程のみバイトの対向側からその円弧状の凹面加工済み面に当接し、バイトと同じ送り速度で移動させた。
The bite was a sintered diamond material having a shape of r3 and a rake angle of 25 °.
The workpiece contact support portion was in contact with the arcuate concave processed surface from the opposite side of the cutting tool only at the finish cutting step, and moved at the same feed speed as the cutting tool.

この、被加工物当接支持部の円弧状の凹面の形状はr6.35の半円(180°)とし、被加工物の仕上げ外径に対して外径でφ0.1mm太い曲面とし、片側それぞれに0.05mmずつの隙間を設けた。円弧状の凹面の半円の軸と被加工物の軸とは、一致させた。また円弧状の凹面の被加工物軸方向の長さは8mmである。円弧状の凹面は仕上げをラッピング処理することで半鏡面状態の面精度まで仕上げ、当接による摩擦負荷を低減し、当接による発熱を抑制させた。なお、円弧状の凹面を形成する材質は熱間金型用工具鋼SKD6である。   The shape of the arc-shaped concave surface of the workpiece abutting support portion is a semicircle of r6.35 (180 °), and a curved surface that is φ0.1 mm thick with respect to the finished outer diameter of the workpiece. A gap of 0.05 mm was provided for each. The semicircular axis of the arcuate concave surface and the axis of the workpiece were matched. The length of the arcuate concave surface in the workpiece axial direction is 8 mm. The arcuate concave surface was finished by lapping the surface to finish the surface accuracy to a semi-mirror surface, reducing the frictional load due to contact and suppressing heat generation due to contact. The material for forming the arcuate concave surface is hot tool steel SKD6.

被加工物当接支持部、バイトはそれぞれNC制御により、各軸単独に起動、NC制御により、被加工物当接支持部については、バイト対向側のNC軸の上にエアーテーブル、その上に被加工物当接支持部を設置し、エアーシリンダテーブルを前進させた状態で加工面に当接する位置にサポート面を位置制御させた。被加工物当接支持部はエアーシリンダテーブルを介在している、過負荷の場合にはエアーシリンダが緩衝の役割となる構造となるために被加工物当接支持部を被加工物に対して前後方向に進退可能に保持する進退可能保持部と、被加工物当接支持部を被加工物側に付勢する付勢手段とが設けられている。   The workpiece abutment support and cutting tool are each controlled by NC control, and each axis is activated independently. By NC control, the workpiece contact and support part is placed on the air table on the NC axis on the bite facing side, A workpiece contact support portion was installed, and the position of the support surface was controlled so as to contact the processing surface with the air cylinder table advanced. The workpiece contact support part has an air cylinder table interposed. In the case of overload, the air cylinder acts as a buffer. An advanceable / retractable holding portion that holds the workpiece contactable support portion in the front-rear direction and an urging means that urges the workpiece contact support portion toward the workpiece are provided.

旋削加工装置は被加工物の両端のジャーナルに対して保持部としてそれぞれφ6mm内径チャックのバルーンチャックによる保持を用い、被加工物の回転駆動はビルトインモータのインバータ制御で、被加工物の両端の回転角位置をポジションメータで検知し、両端の位置差を小さくするフィードバック制御によって両軸同期回転する機構(両端は同一の方向、位置、位相をもって回転される)になっている。   The turning device uses holdings with a 6 mm inner diameter balloon chuck as holding parts for the journals at both ends of the workpiece, and the rotation of the workpiece is controlled by a built-in motor inverter, and the rotation of both ends of the workpiece is controlled. The angular position is detected by a position meter, and both axes are rotated synchronously by feedback control that reduces the position difference between both ends (both ends are rotated with the same direction, position, and phase).

ここで、仕上げ加工で被加工物当接支持部を用いた加工を3回(実施例1〜3)及び被加工物当接支持部を用いない加工を3回(比較例1〜3)、それぞれ行い、得られたこれら6種類のサンプルについて、一方の端部a、中央部b及び、他方の端部bについて加工精度として外径、円筒度、及び、振れについて、透過型のレーザーセンサにより調べたところ、表1に示した結果となった。   Here, 3 times of processing using the workpiece contact support portion in the finishing process (Examples 1 to 3) and 3 times of processing without using the workpiece contact support portion (Comparative Examples 1 to 3), With respect to these six types of samples obtained, the outer diameter, the cylindricity, and the runout as processing accuracy for one end a, the center b, and the other end b are measured by a transmission type laser sensor. Upon examination, the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.

Figure 2009220242
Figure 2009220242

表1に示す結果により、被加工物当接支持部なしの結果(比較例)に対して、実施例(被加工物当接支持部あり)の場合、円筒度、ふれ精度の向上が確認できた。特に円筒度の精度向上、ふれに関しては両端部での精度の差は見られなかったが、中央部で被加工物当接支持部の当接による精度向上が確認され、実施例では電気抵抗調整層表面の全フレ精度として求められる0.02mmを外れたサンプルは1つもなかった。   The results shown in Table 1 confirm the improvement in cylindricity and deflection accuracy in the case of the example (with workpiece contact support) compared to the result without the workpiece contact support (comparative example). It was. In particular, the accuracy of cylindricity was improved, and there was no difference in accuracy between the two ends. However, the improvement in accuracy due to the contact of the workpiece contact support at the center was confirmed. None of the samples deviated from 0.02 mm required as the total flare accuracy of the layer surface.

本発明の旋削加工装置の一例Aのモデル図である。図1(a)正面図、図1(b)バイト3付近での断面図。It is a model figure of example A of the turning processing apparatus of this invention. FIG. 1A is a front view, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of a cutting tool 3. 従来の旋削加工装置でのバイトによる被加工物への影響をモデル的に示した図である。図2(a)正面図、図2(b)バイト3付近での断面図。It is the figure which showed the influence on the to-be-processed object by the byte | cutting-tool in the conventional turning processing apparatus modelly. FIG. 2A is a front view, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view in the vicinity of the cutting tool 3. 図3(a)V字溝形状の被加工物当接支持部による被加工物への2箇所での当接をモデル的に示した図である。図3(b)被加工物当接支持部による被加工物へ被加工物当接支持部に設けられた円弧状の凹面での当接をモデル的に示した図である。FIG. 3 (a) is a diagram schematically showing the contact of the workpiece with the V-shaped groove-shaped workpiece contact support portion at two locations. FIG. 3B is a diagram schematically showing contact of the workpiece with the workpiece contact support portion on the arc-shaped concave surface provided on the workpiece contact support portion. 実施例で作製した複写機内作像用部品の帯電ローラの断面をモデル的に示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cross section of a charging roller of an image forming part in a copying machine manufactured in an example. 本発明の実施の態様1の旋削加工装置における振動検出手段、とバイト突き出し量調整手段と、の関係を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the relationship between the vibration detection means in the turning processing apparatus of Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a tool | tool protrusion amount adjustment means. 本発明の実施の態様2の旋削加工装置における振動検出手段、及び、回転制御手段と、の関係を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the relationship between the vibration detection means in the turning processing apparatus of Embodiment 2 of this invention, and a rotation control means.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 被加工物
1a 両端
1b 加工済み面
2 チャック装置
3 バイト
4 被加工物当接支持部
4a 円弧状の凹面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Workpiece 1a Both ends 1b Processed surface 2 Chuck apparatus 3 Bit 4 Workpiece contact support part 4a Arc-shaped concave surface

Claims (10)

円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、
前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、
前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、
前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、
前記振動検出手段により検出された振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記バイトの被加工物への突き出しを後退させるバイト突き出し量調整手段
が備えられていることを特徴とする旋削加工装置。
Turning process in which a cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece is turned while holding both ends thereof by holding portions and rotating around the axis while bringing a bite into contact with the surface of the workpiece. In the device
A workpiece abutting support portion that abuts the surface of the workpiece and supports the workpiece in the vicinity of a position facing the workpiece with the bite,
A workpiece contact support portion moving means for moving the workpiece contact support portion in the same direction as the cutting tool according to the movement of the cutting tool in the axial direction;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration of the workpiece contact support portion; and
Turning processing characterized by comprising a tool protrusion adjusting means for retracting the protrusion of the tool to the workpiece when the magnitude of vibration detected by the vibration detector exceeds a predetermined range. apparatus.
円柱状または円筒状の被加工物を、その両端をそれぞれ保持部によって保持し、かつ、その軸を中心に回転させながら、該被加工物の表面にバイトを当接させて旋削加工する旋削加工装置において、
前記バイトと共に前記被加工物を挟んで対向する位置付近に、前記被加工物の表面に当接して該被加工物を支持する被加工物当接支持部、
前記バイトの前記軸方向の移動に従って、該バイトと同方向に前記被加工物当接支持部を移動させる被加工物当接支持部移動手段、
前記被加工物当接支持部の振動を検出する振動検出手段、及び、
上記記振動検出手段により検出された前記振動の大きさが所定の範囲を超えたときに前記回転を停止させる回転制御手段
が備えられていることを特徴とする旋削加工装置。
Turning process in which a cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece is turned while holding both ends thereof by holding portions and rotating around the axis while bringing a bite into contact with the surface of the workpiece. In the device
A workpiece abutting support portion that abuts the surface of the workpiece and supports the workpiece in the vicinity of a position facing the workpiece with the bite,
A workpiece contact support portion moving means for moving the workpiece contact support portion in the same direction as the cutting tool according to the movement of the cutting tool in the axial direction;
Vibration detecting means for detecting vibration of the workpiece contact support portion; and
A turning apparatus characterized by comprising a rotation control means for stopping the rotation when the magnitude of the vibration detected by the vibration detecting means exceeds a predetermined range.
前記被加工物が、前記被加工物当接支持部に設けられた円弧状の凹面の一部へ当接することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の旋削加工装置。   The turning apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece contacts a part of an arc-shaped concave surface provided in the workpiece contact support portion. 前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物に対して前後方向に進退可能に保持する進退可能保持部と、前記被加工物当接支持部を前記被加工物側に付勢する付勢手段と、が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   An advanceable / retractable holding portion that holds the workpiece contact support portion so as to be movable back and forth in the front-rear direction with respect to the workpiece, and an urging force that urges the workpiece contact support portion toward the workpiece. The turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: means. 前記被加工物当接支持部が、ダイアモンドライクカーボン、フッ素樹脂、銅、及び、銅合金から選ばれる1つから構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   5. The work piece contact support portion is formed of one selected from diamond-like carbon, fluororesin, copper, and a copper alloy. 6. Turning device described in 1. 前記被加工物当接支持部の前記被加工物に当接する部分に潤滑剤を供給する潤滑剤供給部が備えられていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   The lubricant supply part which supplies a lubricant to the part contact | abutted to the said workpiece of the said workpiece contact support part is provided, The any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. The turning device described. 前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の表面粗さが、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の表面粗さより小さいことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   The workpiece contact support portion is in contact with a processed surface of the workpiece, and the surface roughness of the workpiece contact support portion is determined by the turning device by the turning device. The turning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the surface roughness of the machined surface obtained by machining is smaller. 前記被加工物当接支持部が、前記被加工物の加工済み面へ当接するものであり、かつ、前記被加工物当接支持部の被加工物への当接面の摩擦係数が、前記旋削加工装置により前記被加工物が加工されて得られる加工面の摩擦係数より小さいことを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   The workpiece contact support portion is in contact with a processed surface of the workpiece, and the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the workpiece contact support portion with the workpiece is The turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the turning device has a coefficient of friction smaller than that of a processed surface obtained by processing the workpiece by a turning device. 前記被加工物の両端付近に該被加工物を回転駆動するための駆動部がそれぞれ備えられ、前記両端の保持部が、同一の方向、位置、位相をもって回転されることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   The drive unit for rotationally driving the workpiece is provided near both ends of the workpiece, and the holding units at the both ends are rotated with the same direction, position, and phase. The turning apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 前記バイトと、前記被加工物当接支持部移動手段とがそれぞれ独立してNC制御で駆動されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の旋削加工装置。   The turning device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cutting tool and the workpiece contact support part moving means are independently driven by NC control. .
JP2008069306A 2008-03-18 2008-03-18 Turning device Pending JP2009220242A (en)

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