JP2009214101A - Carbon dioxide separating agent and method for selectively separating carbon dioxide - Google Patents

Carbon dioxide separating agent and method for selectively separating carbon dioxide Download PDF

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JP2009214101A
JP2009214101A JP2009032551A JP2009032551A JP2009214101A JP 2009214101 A JP2009214101 A JP 2009214101A JP 2009032551 A JP2009032551 A JP 2009032551A JP 2009032551 A JP2009032551 A JP 2009032551A JP 2009214101 A JP2009214101 A JP 2009214101A
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Katsunori Yogo
克則 余語
Manabu Miyamoto
学 宮本
Yuichi Fujioka
祐一 藤岡
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Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth RITE
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/151Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a CO<SB>2</SB>separating agent capable of selectively separating CO<SB>2</SB>high-efficiently and economically from high pressure gas containing high-pressure CO<SB>2</SB>and a method for selectively separating CO<SB>2</SB>high-efficiently and economically from high pressure gas containing high-pressure CO<SB>2</SB>. <P>SOLUTION: The CO<SB>2</SB>separating agent for selectively separating CO<SB>2</SB>from high pressure gas containing CO<SB>2</SB>comprises pure silica zeolite. The method for selectively separating CO<SB>2</SB>comprises the steps of: contacting high pressure gas containing CO<SB>2</SB>with pure silica zeolite to adsorb CO<SB>2</SB>on pure silica zeolite; and desorbing the adsorbed CO<SB>2</SB>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、高圧ガスからCOを選択的に分離し得るCO2分離剤、およびこの分離剤を用いたCO2の選択的分離方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a CO 2 separating agent capable of selectively separating CO 2 from a high-pressure gas, and a method for selectively separating CO 2 using the separating agent.

CO2は、生物の呼気をはじめ、燃焼廃棄物、あるいは火力発電所、製鉄プラント及びセメントプラント、天然ガス回収プラント等から発生する排気ガス中に多量に含まれ、現在、CO2に起因する地球の温室効果が問題視されている。
そのため、種々のCO2吸着剤を用いた排ガスの処理方法が提案されている。例えば、ゼオライト系吸着剤を用いて、物理吸着による加圧吸着−減圧脱着を利用してCO2を吸着除去する排ガスの処理方法が提案されている。ゼオライトは、その多くがアルカリ(土類)金属のアルミノケイ酸塩からなり、SiO4及びAlO4の正四面体が酸素を共有して結合した三次元網状構造を基本的骨格構造としており、結晶構造が異なる数多くの型(種類)が存在する。
CO 2, including the biological exhalation, the combustion waste, or thermal power plants, steel plants and cement plants, contains a large amount in the exhaust gas generated from natural gas recovery plant, etc., currently, the earth due to CO 2 The greenhouse effect is seen as a problem.
Therefore, exhaust gas treatment methods using various CO 2 adsorbents have been proposed. For example, an exhaust gas treatment method has been proposed in which a zeolite-based adsorbent is used to adsorb and remove CO 2 using pressure adsorption-decompression desorption by physical adsorption. Zeolite is mostly composed of aluminosilicates of alkali (earth) metal, and has a basic skeleton structure with a three-dimensional network structure in which SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedrons share oxygen and bind. There are many types (types) that differ.

しかし、工業的に多用されているのは、Si/Al比が1に近い、すなわちアルミニウム含有量の大きなゼオライトであるX型ゼオライト系吸着剤である。X型ゼオライトでは、CO2の吸着はLangmuir型の吸着特性を示し、低いCO2分圧でも高いCO2の吸着量が得られる代わりに、脱着に際して、1気圧未満にするための真空ポンプによる減圧(PSA)あるいは加熱(TSA)操作が必要であり、多大なエネルギーを必要としていた。
加えて、多用されているゼオライト系吸着剤は、水分に対する吸着能が著しく大きいため、CO2を含有する排ガス中に水分が共存する場合には、水分の吸着によりCO2に対する吸着能が著しく損なわれ、CO2吸着量が著しく低下する。したがってゼオライト系吸着剤を用いた排ガスの処理方法ではCO2の吸脱着操作の前処理として、排ガス中の水蒸気を分離除去し、その後段でCO2を吸脱着するという方法が一般的である。この場合、排ガス中の水分を除去するのに、CO2の吸脱着操作に占める総エネルギーの約30%を要するとされており、CO2の吸脱着のためにゼオライト系吸着剤を用いた排ガスの処理方法は経済的でなく、この点で問題があった。
However, what is widely used industrially is an X-type zeolite adsorbent which is a zeolite having a Si / Al ratio close to 1, that is, a high aluminum content. In X-type zeolite, CO 2 adsorption exhibits Langmuir-type adsorption characteristics, and instead of obtaining a high CO 2 adsorption amount even at a low CO 2 partial pressure, depressurization by a vacuum pump to reduce the pressure to less than 1 atm. A (PSA) or heating (TSA) operation was required, and a great deal of energy was required.
In addition, zeolite adsorbent which has been widely used, because it significantly higher adsorption capacity for water, when water coexists in the exhaust gas containing CO 2, significantly impaired adsorption capacity for CO 2 by adsorption of moisture As a result, the CO 2 adsorption amount is significantly reduced. Thus as a pretreatment for adsorption and desorption operations CO 2 in the processing method of the exhaust gas using a zeolite adsorbent, the water vapor in the exhaust gas is separated off method in which adsorption and desorption of CO 2 in the subsequent stage is general. In this case, about 30% of the total energy occupying the CO 2 adsorption / desorption operation is required to remove the moisture in the exhaust gas, and the exhaust gas using a zeolite adsorbent for CO 2 adsorption / desorption. However, this method is not economical and has a problem in this respect.

また、CO2を分離回収するのに活性炭や活性炭繊維などの多孔質担体上にアミンを添着させた吸着剤を用いた排ガスの処理方法が提案されている(特許文献1)。このアミン添着多孔質担体では、添着アミン量によりCO2吸着量が左右される。しかし、アミンの添着量が小さいため、CO2吸着量が少ないという問題があった。さらに、CO2を含むガスとの気液接触により、CO2と化学反応させてCO2を吸収する液状アミン吸収剤による排ガスの処理方法も知られている。しかし、液状アミン吸収剤を用いる場合には、アミンが分解あるいは蒸発し、大気中に洩れるので設備を密閉化する必要があり、したがって設備が大型化すると共に、装置の操作及び保守が煩雑化するという問題があった。また、アミンを用いる分離方法では吸着した吸収剤を再生させるために、120〜140℃程度に加熱する必要があり、多大なエネルギーを必要とするという問題があった。 Further, an exhaust gas treatment method using an adsorbent in which an amine is impregnated on a porous carrier such as activated carbon or activated carbon fiber has been proposed to separate and recover CO 2 (Patent Document 1). In this amine-impregnated porous carrier, the amount of CO 2 adsorption depends on the amount of the attached amine. However, since the amount of amine attached is small, there is a problem that the amount of CO 2 adsorption is small. Further, the gas-liquid contact with the gas containing CO 2, are also known processing method of the exhaust gas by the liquid amine absorbent that absorbs CO 2 by CO 2 and the chemical reaction. However, when a liquid amine absorbent is used, the amine decomposes or evaporates and leaks into the atmosphere, so it is necessary to seal the equipment. Therefore, the equipment becomes larger and the operation and maintenance of the apparatus become complicated. There was a problem. Moreover, in the separation method using an amine, in order to regenerate the adsorbed absorbent, it is necessary to heat to about 120 to 140 ° C., and there is a problem that a large amount of energy is required.

CO2の吸着脱着技術は排ガスからCO2を分離するために必須のプロセスである。しかしながら、上記したように排ガス中のCO2を高効率且つ経済的に選択的吸着させ、脱着させる方法は未だ開発されていないのが現状である。 The CO 2 adsorption / desorption technique is an essential process for separating CO 2 from exhaust gas. However, as described above, a method for selectively adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 in exhaust gas at high efficiency and economically has not been developed yet.

特開平5−161843号公報JP-A-5-161843

本発明は、例えば、IGCC(石炭ガス化複合発電)における燃焼前排ガス、あるいは採掘天然ガス等、高圧のCOを含有する高圧ガスから、高効率且つ経済的にCO2を選択的に分離し得るCO分離剤を提供することを目的とする。また本発明は、高圧のCOを含有する高圧ガスから、高効率且つ経済的にCO2を選択的に分離できる方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention selectively separates CO 2 efficiently and economically from high-pressure gas containing high-pressure CO 2 such as pre-combustion exhaust gas or mined natural gas in IGCC (Coal Gasification Combined Cycle), for example. The object is to provide a CO 2 separating agent to be obtained. The present invention is, from the high pressure gas containing a high pressure of CO 2, and an object thereof is to provide a method for selectively separating high efficiency and economically CO 2.

本発明者らは、COを含有する排ガスの処理方法に関して、これまでに開発された方法が有する上記した種々の問題点を解決すべく鋭意検討を行い、以下の知見を得た。
(i) IGCCプロセスガスや、採掘天然ガス等のCOを含有する高圧ガスをピュアシリカゼオライトで処理すれば、驚くべきことに、アルミノケイ酸塩からなる従来のゼオライトとは異なり、CO分離量が著しく向上する。特に、従来のゼオライトに比べて、ピュアシリカゼオライトからのCO脱離量が増大する。
(ii) また、ピュアシリカゼオライトを用いれば、水蒸気の共存下であってもCO2に対する吸着量の低下が極めて少ない。即ち、高圧ガスとピュアシリカゼオライトとを組み合わせることにより、水蒸気の吸着が抑えられ、その結果COを効率的に分離することができ、CO回収量を向上させることができる。このため、予め、除湿塔を設けて水蒸気を除去するなどの手間やコストを省略することができる。
(iii) また、高圧ガスからのCO分離回収は、常圧排出ガスからの分離回収技術と比較して、ガス自体の圧力エネルギーをCO分離回収に活用できるので、分離回収コストを大幅に低減できる。即ち、本発明方法によれば、高圧ガスをピュアシリカゼオライトに接触させた状態で減圧するだけで、COを効率的に吸着及び脱着させることができるため、吸着及び脱着に際し、1気圧以下に減圧する余分のエネルギーを要さない。
(iv) また、ピュアシリカゼオライトは、例えば、結晶構造を形成させるための鋳型となる物質(構造規定剤と称される)と、ケイ素源等とを水の存在下に加熱加圧処理して得られ、アルミノケイ酸塩からなる従来のゼオライトがもつ親水性が失われて疎水性が強くなり、その結果、耐酸性、耐熱性に優れる。
The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above-described various problems associated with the methods for treating exhaust gas containing CO 2 and have obtained the following knowledge.
(i) When high pressure gas containing CO 2 such as IGCC process gas or mined natural gas is treated with pure silica zeolite, surprisingly, unlike conventional zeolite made of aluminosilicate, CO 2 separation amount Is significantly improved. In particular, the amount of CO 2 desorbed from pure silica zeolite is increased compared to conventional zeolite.
(ii) Further, if pure silica zeolite is used, the decrease in the amount of adsorption to CO 2 is extremely small even in the presence of water vapor. That is, by combining high-pressure gas and pure silica zeolite, adsorption of water vapor can be suppressed, and as a result, CO 2 can be separated efficiently and the amount of CO 2 recovered can be improved. For this reason, the effort and cost, such as providing a dehumidification tower and removing water vapor previously, can be omitted.
(iii) In addition, CO 2 separation and recovery from high-pressure gas can utilize the pressure energy of the gas itself for CO 2 separation and recovery compared to separation and recovery technology from atmospheric exhaust gas, greatly increasing the separation and recovery cost. Can be reduced. That is, according to the method of the present invention, CO 2 can be efficiently adsorbed and desorbed only by reducing the pressure while the high pressure gas is in contact with the pure silica zeolite. Does not require extra energy to decompress.
(iv) Pure silica zeolite is obtained by, for example, subjecting a substance (referred to as a structure-directing agent) serving as a template for forming a crystal structure and a silicon source to heat and pressure treatment in the presence of water. Thus, the hydrophilicity of the conventional zeolite made of aluminosilicate is lost and the hydrophobicity becomes strong, and as a result, the acid resistance and heat resistance are excellent.

本発明者らは、このような知見を得た後、さらに検討を重ねて本発明の完成に至ったものである。   After obtaining such knowledge, the present inventors have further studied and completed the present invention.

項1. ピュアシリカゼオライトを含有する、COを含有する高圧ガスからCOを選択的に分離するためのCO分離剤。
項2. 高圧ガスがさらに水蒸気を含有することを特徴とする項1に記載のCO分離剤。
項3. 高圧ガス中のCOガス分圧が、100〜4000kPaである項1又は2に記載のCO分離剤。
項4. 高圧ガス中の水蒸気分圧が、CO分離を行う温度での飽和水蒸気圧の20%以上である項1〜3の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。
項5. ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度が18Si/nm3以下、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g以上、であることを特徴とする項1〜4の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。
項6. ピュアシリカゼオライトがCHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER型、FAU型、LTA型、SBS型およびIHW型ゼオライトの内の少なくとも1種である項1〜5の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。
Item 1. A CO 2 separation agent for selectively separating CO 2 from a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 containing pure silica zeolite.
Item 2. Item 2. The CO 2 separation agent according to Item 1, wherein the high-pressure gas further contains water vapor.
Item 3. Item 3. The CO 2 separating agent according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the partial pressure of CO 2 gas in the high-pressure gas is 100 to 4000 kPa.
Item 4. Item 4. The CO 2 separating agent according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein a partial pressure of water vapor in the high-pressure gas is 20% or more of a saturated water vapor pressure at a temperature at which CO 2 separation is performed.
Item 5. Item 5. The CO 2 separation agent according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the pure silica zeolite has a skeleton density of 18 Si / nm 3 or less and a pore volume of 0.1 cm 3 / g or more.
Item 6. Item 6. The CO 2 separation agent according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the pure silica zeolite is at least one of CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER type, FAU type, LTA type, SBS type and IHW type zeolite. .

項7. COを含有する高圧ガスをピュアシリカゼオライトと接触させ、COを吸着させる工程と、COを脱離させる工程とを含むことを特徴とするCOの選択的分離方法。
項8. 高圧ガスがさらに水蒸気を含有することを特徴とする項5に記載のCOの選択的分離方法。
項9. 高圧ガス中のCOガス分圧が、100〜4000kPaである項7又は8に記載のCOの選択的分離方法。
項10. 高圧ガス中の水蒸気分圧が、CO分離を行う温度での飽和水蒸気圧の20%以上である項7〜9の何れかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。
項11. ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度が18Si/nm3以下、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g以上、であることを特徴とする項7〜10の何れかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。
項12. ピュアシリカゼオライトがCHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER、FAU、LTA型、SBS型およびIHW型ゼオライトの内の少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする項項7〜11のいずれかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。
Item 7. The high pressure gas containing CO 2 into contact with the pure-silica zeolite, adsorbing the CO 2, the selective separation process of CO 2, which comprises a step of the CO 2 desorbed.
Item 8. Item 6. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to Item 5, wherein the high-pressure gas further contains water vapor.
Item 9. Item 9. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to Item 7 or 8, wherein the CO 2 gas partial pressure in the high-pressure gas is 100 to 4000 kPa.
Item 10. Item 10. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to any one of Items 7 to 9, wherein the water vapor partial pressure in the high-pressure gas is 20% or more of the saturated water vapor pressure at the temperature at which CO 2 separation is performed.
Item 11. Item 11. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to any one of Items 7 to 10, wherein the pure silica zeolite has a skeleton density of 18 Si / nm 3 or less and a pore volume of 0.1 cm 3 / g or more.
Item 12. Item 12. The item 7-11, wherein the pure silica zeolite is at least one of CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER, FAU, LTA type, SBS type and IHW type zeolite. A method for selective separation of CO 2 .

本発明のCO2分離剤は、従来のゼオライト系吸着剤に比べて、CO2含有ガスからのCO2脱離量が多く、その結果、CO2の分離量が多くなる。
また、高圧ガスがさらに水蒸気を含有する場合も、従来のゼオライト系吸着剤と異なり、CO2に対する吸着量の低下が著しく少なく、高圧ガスからCOを選択的に吸着し脱着し得る。従って、この吸着剤を用いて、COと水蒸気とを含有する高圧ガスを処理する本発明のCOの選択的分離方法によれば、吸着剤のCO2に対する吸着量の低下が著しく少なく、従来のゼオライトに比して吸着量は著しく大となるので、前処理として必要であった排ガス中の水蒸気を分離除去する工程が不要となる。本発明によれば、前処理として高圧ガス中の水蒸気を分離除去し、その後段でCO2を吸着及び脱離させる従来法と比較して、CO2の分離又はさらに回収に要する総エネルギーを、例えば、約30%低減することができる。
本発明のCO2分離剤は、COを含有する高圧ガスを処理対象とするため、例えば高圧ガスを常圧に戻すだけで吸着したCOを脱離させることができ、真空ポンプ等を用いてガス圧を1気圧未満に減圧する必要がない。従って、従来技術と対比するとCOを分離、またはさらに回収するエネルギーの低減が可能である。この点も本発明の特長の一つである。
CO 2 separating agent of the present invention, as compared to conventional zeolite adsorbent, CO 2 desorption amount from CO 2 containing gas is large, as a result, the amount of separation CO 2 increases.
Further, even when containing a high-pressure gas further steam, unlike the conventional zeolite adsorbent, significantly less reduction in adsorption amount with respect to CO 2, it can selectively adsorb to desorb CO 2 from the high pressure gas. Therefore, according to the selective separation method of CO 2 of the present invention in which a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 and water vapor is treated using this adsorbent, the amount of adsorption of the adsorbent with respect to CO 2 is significantly reduced, Since the amount of adsorption is significantly larger than that of conventional zeolite, the process of separating and removing water vapor in the exhaust gas, which is necessary as a pretreatment, becomes unnecessary. According to the present invention, compared with the conventional method in which water vapor in high-pressure gas is separated and removed as a pretreatment, and CO 2 is adsorbed and desorbed in the subsequent stage, the total energy required for the separation or further recovery of CO 2 is For example, it can be reduced by about 30%.
Since the CO 2 separation agent of the present invention is a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 , for example, the adsorbed CO 2 can be desorbed by simply returning the high-pressure gas to normal pressure, and a vacuum pump or the like can be used. Therefore, it is not necessary to reduce the gas pressure below 1 atm. Therefore, as compared with the prior art, it is possible to reduce the energy for separating or further recovering CO 2 . This is also one of the features of the present invention.

従って、本発明によれば、高圧ガス中のCO2を高効率且つ経済的に吸着及び脱離させて、分離又はさらに回収処理することができる。 Therefore, according to the present invention, CO 2 in the high-pressure gas can be adsorbed and desorbed with high efficiency and economically to be separated or further recovered.

種々のゼオライト及び活性炭の水蒸気吸着等温線である。It is a water vapor adsorption isotherm of various zeolites and activated carbons. 水分非共存下でのゼオライトCHA及び13XのCO吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite CHA and 13X in the absence of moisture. 水分非共存下でのゼオライトCHA及び13XのCO吸着等温線(313K、423K)である。Water non-presence in the zeolite CHA and 13X of CO 2 adsorption isotherm (313 K, 423 K) is. 水分非共存下でのゼオライトCHA及び13XのCO吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite CHA and 13X in the absence of moisture. 水分非共存下でのゼオライトCHAのCO及びN吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 and N 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite CHA in the absence of moisture. 水分共存下でのゼオライトCHAのCO吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite CHA in the presence of moisture. 水分共存下及び水分非共存下でのゼオライトDDRのCO吸着等温線である。 2 is a CO 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite DDR in the presence and absence of moisture. 水分共存下でのゼオライトCHAのCO及びHO吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 and H 2 O adsorption isotherm of zeolite CHA in the presence of moisture. 水分共存下及び水分非共存下でのゼオライト13XのCO吸着等温線である。It is a CO 2 adsorption isotherm of zeolite 13X in the presence of moisture and in the absence of moisture. 本発明の吸着破過曲線測定に用いた測定装置である。It is the measuring apparatus used for the adsorption breakthrough curve measurement of this invention. 水分共存下でのゼオライトCHAのCO及びN吸着破過曲線である。It is a CO 2 and N 2 adsorption breakthrough curve of zeolite CHA in the presence of moisture. 本発明のCOの選択的分離方法によるCO吸着・脱着装置と従来法によるCO吸着・脱着装置との比較概略図である。Is a comparative schematic diagram of a CO 2 adsorption-desorption apparatus according to CO 2 adsorption and desorption apparatus in the conventional method by selective separation methods CO 2 of the present invention.

本発明のCO2分離剤は、COを含有する高圧ガスからCOを選択的に分離、即ち吸着し脱着し得るピュアシリカゼオライトを含有する。本発明のCO2分離剤は、好ましくは、COを含有する高圧ガスからCOを選択的に分離するためのものであり、前記ピュアシリカゼオライトを含有する。また、本発明のCO2の選択的分離方法は、COを含有する高圧ガス、好ましくはCOと水蒸気とを含有する高圧ガスを、前記CO2分離剤と接触せしめ、COを吸着させる工程と、COを脱離させる工程とを含む。 CO 2 separating agent of the present invention, selectively separating CO 2 from a high pressure gas containing CO 2, i.e. containing pure silica zeolite can adsorb desorb. The CO 2 separating agent of the present invention is preferably for selectively separating CO 2 from a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 and contains the pure silica zeolite. In the method for selectively separating CO 2 according to the present invention, a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 , preferably a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 and water vapor, is brought into contact with the CO 2 separating agent to adsorb CO 2 . And a step of desorbing CO 2 .

本発明における高圧ガスは、IGCC(ガス化複合発電)設備から発生するガス、採掘天然ガス等によって例示されるが、これらに限定されず、常圧排ガスを昇圧したガス等も含め、大気圧を超える、CO2を含有するガスであれば特に限定されない。本発明において、高圧ガスは、例えば、約100kPa(約1気圧)を超えて約6000kPa(約60気圧)以下、好ましくは約500〜5000kPa(約5〜50気圧)のものを取扱いの対象とすればよい。上記範囲であれば、CO2を選択的に分離回収することができ、またCO2の脱離量が多くなるので、CO2分離回収量が多くなる。 The high-pressure gas in the present invention is exemplified by gas generated from IGCC (gasification combined power generation) facility, mined natural gas, etc., but is not limited thereto, and includes atmospheric pressure, etc. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a gas that contains more CO 2 . In the present invention, the high-pressure gas is, for example, more than about 100 kPa (about 1 atm) to about 6000 kPa (about 60 atm), preferably about 500 to 5000 kPa (about 5 to 50 atm). That's fine. Within the above range, CO 2 can be selectively separated and recovered, and the amount of CO 2 desorbed increases, so that the amount of CO 2 separated and recovered increases.

排ガス中の主成分は、一概には言えないが、例えば石油を燃料とする火力発電設備からの排ガス(脱硫装置出口における排ガスで、排ガス温度:約60℃、排ガス圧力:大気圧)の場合、CO2が約12〜13容積%(ドライベース)、Oが約2〜4容積%(ドライベース)、水が約9〜11容積%(ウェットベース)及び残りがNであり、一般に、炭酸ガス(CO2)、窒素ガス(N)及び酸素ガス(O)を主成分として含む。
これに対し、天然ガスはCO2を数%〜数十%含み、一般的には、CO2(40%)/CH(58%)/HO(2%)圧力が8MPa、温度25℃である。また、IGCCにおける燃焼前排ガス(改質反応とシフト反応後)ではCO2(36%)/H(52%)/HO、圧力が4MPa程度となっている。
高圧ガス中のCO2分圧は、約100〜4000kPaが好ましく、約500〜3000kPaがより好ましく、約800〜2000kPaがさらにより好ましい。上記範囲であれば、CO2を選択的に分離することができ、またCO2の脱離量が多くなるので、CO2分離量が多くなる。
The main component in the exhaust gas cannot be generally specified, but for example, in the case of exhaust gas from a thermal power generation facility using petroleum as fuel (exhaust gas at the desulfurizer outlet, exhaust gas temperature: about 60 ° C., exhaust gas pressure: atmospheric pressure) CO 2 is about 12-13% by volume (dry base), O 2 is about 2-4% by volume (dry base), water is about 9-11% by volume (wet base) and the balance is N 2 , Carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ), nitrogen gas (N 2 ), and oxygen gas (O 2 ) are contained as main components.
In contrast, natural gas comprises CO 2 several% to several tens%, generally, CO 2 (40%) / CH 4 (58%) / H 2 O (2%) pressure 8 MPa, temperature 25 ° C. Moreover, CO 2 (36%) / H 2 (52%) / H 2 O, and the pressure is about 4 MPa in the exhaust gas before combustion (after the reforming reaction and shift reaction) in IGCC.
The CO 2 partial pressure in the high-pressure gas is preferably about 100 to 4000 kPa, more preferably about 500 to 3000 kPa, and even more preferably about 800 to 2000 kPa. If the above-mentioned range, it is possible to selectively separate CO 2, and because the amount of released CO 2 increases, CO 2 separation amount increases.

本発明では、水蒸気分圧は少ない方が好ましいが、実施例で述べるように水蒸気分圧が水の飽和蒸気圧であっても、良好なCO分離を行うことができる。しかし、水蒸気分圧が飽和水蒸気圧を越えると、ピュアシリカゼオライトの周囲に水が凝結し、ピュアシリカゼオライトが凝結水の中に埋没してしまい、凝結水中のCO拡散速度による制限が入り、COの吸収速度が低下する。したがって、水蒸気分圧の上限は、COの吸収工程での飽和水蒸気圧にすればよい。また、従来のゼオライトを用いたCO分離回収では、水蒸気圧が20%を越えると、水蒸気による性能低下がみられた。本発明方法によれば、水蒸気分圧は、CO分離を行う温度での飽和水蒸気圧の20%以上、中でも40%以上、中でも60%以上、中でも80%とすることができ、このように水蒸気を多く含むガスからもCOを効率よく分離することができる。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the water vapor partial pressure is small. However, even if the water vapor partial pressure is the saturated vapor pressure of water as described in the examples, good CO 2 separation can be performed. However, if the water vapor partial pressure exceeds the saturated water vapor pressure, water will condense around the pure silica zeolite, and the pure silica zeolite will be buried in the condensed water, which is limited by the CO 2 diffusion rate in the condensed water, The absorption rate of CO 2 decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the water vapor partial pressure may be the saturated water vapor pressure in the CO 2 absorption step. In the CO 2 separation and recovery using the conventional zeolite, when the water vapor pressure exceeded 20%, the performance was deteriorated by water vapor. According to the method of the present invention, the water vapor partial pressure can be 20% or more, particularly 40% or more, especially 60% or more, and especially 80% of the saturated water vapor pressure at the temperature at which CO 2 separation is performed. CO 2 can also be efficiently separated from a gas containing a large amount of water vapor.

ゼオライトは、通常、アルカリ(土類)金属のアルミノケイ酸塩からなり、SiO4及びAlO4の正四面体が酸素を共有して結合した三次元網状構造を基本的骨格構造とするが、本発明の吸着剤においては、主たる成分がシリカのみからなりアルミニウム成分を実質的に含まないピュアシリカゼオライトを用いることを重要な特徴とする。但し、本発明の吸着剤は、ピュアシリカゼオライトの合成過程などにおいて、不純物としてアルミニウム成分が含有されたものであってもよい。通常、AlO4に対するSiO4のモル比SiO2/Alが90以上のピュアシリカゼオライトが用いられる。
ピュアシリカゼオライトは、アルミノケイ酸塩からなる従来のゼオライトがもつ親水性が失われて疎水性が強くなり、その結果、耐酸性、耐熱性に優れるといった特徴を有する。
Zeolite is usually made of an aluminosilicate of an alkali (earth) metal, and has a basic skeleton structure of a three-dimensional network structure in which SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedrons share oxygen and share them. An important feature of the adsorbent is the use of pure silica zeolite, the main component of which is only silica and substantially free of aluminum components. However, the adsorbent of the present invention may contain an aluminum component as an impurity in the process of synthesizing pure silica zeolite. Usually, the molar ratio SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 of SiO 4 is 90 or more pure-silica zeolite used for the AlO 4.
Pure silica zeolite has the characteristics that conventional zeolite made of aluminosilicate loses its hydrophilicity and becomes more hydrophobic, resulting in excellent acid resistance and heat resistance.

本発明のCO2分離剤は、ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度が、18Si/nm3以下、特に16Si/nm3以下、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g以上、特に0.2cm3/g以上であると、CO2の吸着容量が大きくなり得るので好ましい。
ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度の下限は特に定められるものではないが、通常、12.7Si/nm3程度である。また、細孔容積の上限は特に定められるものではないが、通常、1.0cm3/g程度である。
The CO 2 separating agent of the present invention has a skeleton density of pure silica zeolite of 18 Si / nm 3 or less, particularly 16 Si / nm 3 or less, and a pore volume of 0.1 cm 3 / g or more, particularly 0.2 cm 3 / g or more. It is preferable because the adsorption capacity of CO 2 can be increased.
The lower limit of the skeleton density of pure silica zeolite is not particularly defined, but is usually about 12.7 Si / nm 3 . The upper limit of the pore volume is not particularly defined, but is usually about 1.0 cm 3 / g.

本発明において用いられ得るピュアシリカゼオライトとしては、CHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER、FAU型、IHW型、UFI型、RHO型、BEA型、LTA型、SBS型、MFI型、SBE型、ISV型およびAFY型等が挙げられるが、ピュアシリカゼオライトであれば特にこれらに限られるものではない。水蒸気の共存下であっても高圧ガス中のCO2の回収量が多い点でCHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER、FAU型、LTA型、SBS型およびIHW型が好ましく用いられ、さらに、細孔容積が大きいためCO2吸着量が多く、その結果、CO2の回収量が著しく多いという点でCHA型およびLTA型のピュアシリカゼオライトが特に好ましく用いられる。
尚、ピュアシリカゼオライトは約500℃以上、好ましくは約700℃以上に加熱焼成され熱履歴が与えられると、水蒸気吸着能が低下し、CO2の吸着容量が大きくなる点で好ましい。また、ピュアシリカゼオライトは耐熱性、耐酸性に優れているので、吸着剤として劣化が生じた場合でも、上記加熱・焼成により容易に再生することができる。
Pure silica zeolite that can be used in the present invention includes CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER, FAU type, IHW type, UFI type, RHO type, BEA type, LTA type, SBS type, MFI type, SBE type, ISV type, AFY type, and the like can be mentioned, but it is not particularly limited as long as it is pure silica zeolite. CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER, FAU type, LTA type, SBS type and IHW type are preferably used in that the amount of recovered CO 2 in the high-pressure gas is large even in the presence of water vapor. CHA-type and LTA-type pure silica zeolite is particularly preferably used in that the pore volume is large, so that the amount of CO 2 adsorption is large, and as a result, the amount of CO 2 recovered is remarkably large.
Pure silica zeolite is preferred when heated and calcined at about 500 ° C. or higher, preferably about 700 ° C. or higher and given a heat history, in that the water vapor adsorption capacity decreases and the CO 2 adsorption capacity increases. Moreover, since pure silica zeolite is excellent in heat resistance and acid resistance, even if it deteriorates as an adsorbent, it can be easily regenerated by the heating and baking.

ピュアシリカゼオライトは、公知の方法によって合成することができ、例えば、結晶構造を形成させるための鋳型となる物質(構造規定剤と称される)と、ケイ素源等とを水の存在下に加熱加圧処理して得られる。
例えば、CHA型のピュアシリカゼオライトは、M.J.Diaz-Cabanas, P.A.Barrett, M.A.Camblor,Chemical Communications, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1881 (1998)の記載に従って合成することができ、STT型は、Miguel A. Camblor, Maria-JoseA Diaz-CabanA as, Joaquin Perez-Pariente, Si/mon J. Teat, William Clegg, Ian J. Shannon, Philip Lightfoot, Paul A. Wright, and Russell E. Morris,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 37, No. 15(1998)の記載に従って合成することができる。
また、DDR型のピュアシリカゼオライトは、Shuji Himeno, Takahiro Komatsu, Itaru Akutagawa, Toshihiro Tomita, Kenji Suzuki and Shuichi Yoshid, ZMPC2006, P1057, (2006)の記載に従って合成することができ、FER型は、Alex Kuperman, Susan Nadimi, Scott Oliver, Geoffrey A. Ozin, Juan M. Garcest, and Michael M. Olken, Nature 3658 16 239-242 (1993)の記載に従って合成することができる。
Pure silica zeolite can be synthesized by a known method. For example, a substance that serves as a template for forming a crystal structure (called a structure-directing agent) and a silicon source are heated in the presence of water. Obtained by pressure treatment.
For example, CHA type pure silica zeolite is available from MJDiaz-Cabanas, PA Barrett, MA. STT type can be synthesized as described in Camblor, Chemical Communications, Royal Society of Chemistry, 1881 (1998). It can be synthesized as described in Teat, William Clegg, Ian J. Shannon, Philip Lightfoot, Paul A. Wright, and Russell E. Morris, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 37, No. 15 (1998).
The DDR type pure silica zeolite can be synthesized as described in Shuji Himeno, Takahiro Komatsu, Itaru Akutagawa, Toshihiro Tomita, Kenji Suzuki and Shuichi Yoshid, ZMPC2006, P1057, (2006). , Susan Nadimi, Scott Oliver, Geoffrey A. Ozin, Juan M. Garcest, and Michael M. Olken, Nature 3658 16 239-242 (1993).

本発明のCO2分離剤は、上記ピュアシリカゼオライトの他に、本発明の目的を達成し得る範囲内で、例えば、シリカ、アルミナなどの造粒するためのバインダーや燒結助剤などの添加剤を含有していてもよい。 In addition to the above pure silica zeolite, the CO 2 separating agent of the present invention is, for example, an additive such as a binder or a sintering aid for granulating silica, alumina and the like within a range in which the object of the present invention can be achieved. May be contained.

本発明において、ピュアシリカゼオライトを含有するCO2分離剤を用いて高圧ガス中のCOを、吸着及び脱離させるのは公知の方法にしたがって行なわれてよい。
一般にCOを吸着するための吸着剤は圧力と温度によりCOを吸着する量が増減する。この性質を利用してCOを吸着・脱離させる方法には、圧力を変化させるPSA法(Pressure Swing Adsorption(圧力スイング吸着)法)、温度を変化させるTSA法(Thermal Swing Adsorption(温度スイング吸着)法)及び圧力変化に加えて温度変化も行うPTSA法(Pressure and Temperature Swing Adsorption(圧力温度スイング吸着)法)がある。
In the present invention, the CO 2 in the high-pressure gas using a CO 2 separation agent containing pure silica zeolites, may be performed according to known methods cause adsorption and desorbed.
In general adsorbent for adsorbing CO 2 is the amount of adsorption of CO 2 by the pressure and temperature increases and decreases. There are two methods for adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 using this property: PSA method that changes pressure (Pressure Swing Adsorption method), TSA method that changes temperature (Thermal Swing Adsorption) ) Method) and a PTSA method (Pressure and Temperature Swing Adsorption method) that changes temperature in addition to pressure change.

COの吸着工程では、上記の、ピュアシリカゼオライトを充填した吸着塔に排ガスを供給し、COを吸着させる。吸着における温度は、好ましくは約0〜150℃、より好ましくは約1〜60℃、圧力はCO分圧として約100〜4000kPaが好ましく、約500〜3000kPaがより好ましく、約800〜2000kPaがさらにより好ましい。COの脱着工程では、通常は、吸着塔を常温下または加熱下に減圧し、吸着したCOを脱着し、COを飽和吸着したピュアシリカゼオライトを再生する。脱着における温度は、好ましくは約1〜200℃、より好ましくは約15〜140℃、圧力は約1〜500kPa(約0.01〜5.0気圧)、さらにより好ましくは約10〜200kPa(約0.1〜2.0気圧)である。 In the CO 2 adsorption step, exhaust gas is supplied to the adsorption tower filled with the pure silica zeolite to adsorb CO 2 . The temperature in the adsorption is preferably about 0 to 150 ° C., more preferably about 1 to 60 ° C., and the pressure is preferably about 100 to 4000 kPa as CO 2 partial pressure, more preferably about 500 to 3000 kPa, and further about 800 to 2000 kPa. More preferred. In the CO 2 desorption step, usually, the adsorption tower is depressurized at room temperature or under heating, the adsorbed CO 2 is desorbed, and the pure silica zeolite adsorbed with CO 2 is regenerated. The temperature in the desorption is preferably about 1 to 200 ° C, more preferably about 15 to 140 ° C, the pressure is about 1 to 500 kPa (about 0.01 to 5.0 atm), and even more preferably about 10 to 200 kPa (about 0.1 to 2.0 atmospheres).

通常は複数の吸着塔を設置し、交互に吸着、脱着を繰り返すことによりCOを連続的に分離する。従来の吸着法では、COの吸着・脱着操作の前処理として、排ガス中の水蒸気を分離除去し、その後段でCOを吸着・脱着する方法が一般的である。これに対し、排ガスを、ピュアシリカゼオライトを含有する吸着剤と接触せしめ、COを選択的に吸着させ、脱着することを特徴とする本発明のCOの選択的分離方法においては、水蒸気共存下でもCOの選択的な吸着・脱着が可能な吸着剤(分離剤)が用いられる。本発明方法においては、従来から必須とされていた前処理としての水蒸気の除去操作が不要となり、COの吸着・脱着プロセスの簡便化およびCOの吸着・脱着プロセスにおけるエネルギーの低減が可能となるばかりか、CO脱着圧(脱離圧)を100kPa(約1.0気圧)以上とすることによって、真空ポンプが不要となり、CO分離回収のエネルギーを大幅に低減することが可能となる。 Usually, a plurality of adsorption towers are installed, and CO 2 is continuously separated by alternately repeating adsorption and desorption. In conventional adsorption method, as a pretreatment of the adsorption and desorption operations CO 2, water vapor in the exhaust gas was separated and removed, a method of adsorption and desorption of CO 2 in the subsequent stage is general. In contrast, the exhaust gas, contacted with an adsorbent containing a pure-silica zeolite, the CO 2 selectively adsorbed in the selective separation process of CO 2 according to the invention, characterized in that the desorbed water vapor coexist An adsorbent (separator) capable of selectively adsorbing and desorbing CO 2 is used even underneath. In the method of the present invention, removal operation of water vapor as a pretreatment which has been required conventionally becomes unnecessary, enabling a reduction in the energy in the simplification and CO 2 adsorption-desorption process of the adsorption and desorption processes of CO 2 In addition, by setting the CO 2 desorption pressure (desorption pressure) to 100 kPa (about 1.0 atm) or more, a vacuum pump becomes unnecessary and the energy for CO 2 separation and recovery can be greatly reduced. .

以下に本発明を実施例に基づいてより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

<ピュアシリカゼオライトの合成>
(試験例1)
CHA型のピュアシリカゼオライト粉末(結晶)を上述の文献の記載を参考に合成方法を改良し、具体的には以下の方法によって合成した。
フッ素樹脂製のオートクレーブ容器(商品名:ダブルリアクターRW-20、株式会社ヒロ製、容積20ml)において、1−アダマンタンアミン(アルドリッチ社製)から作製した0.43gの水酸化N、N、N−トリメチル−1−アダマンタンアミン粉末と、0.28gのシリカゾル(商品名:コロイダルシリカAS−40、アルドリッチ社製、固形分濃度40質量%)とを軽くかき混ぜて混合し、この混合液に87mgのフッ化水素酸(和光純薬株式会社製、46.9質量%)を、強く攪拌しながら加え、万能試験紙(pH試験紙)にて、この組成物が中性であることを確認した。
この原料粉末組成物の入ったオートクレーブ容器にフッ素樹脂被覆の回転子を入れ、ホットスターラー(商品名:プログラムホットスターラーDP−2M、アズワン株式会社製)上にセットし、設定温度を90℃とし、800rpmで攪拌させた。その上からガラス容器(商品名:BELL JAR VKU−500、有限会社 桐山製作所製)を被せ、アスピレーター(商品名:ポータブルアスピレーターMDA−015、アルバック機工株式会社製)により、減圧乾燥させた。その後ガラス容器からオートクレーブ容器を取り出し、質量が0.75gになるまで減圧乾燥を続けて混合物を得た。このオートクレーブ容器をステンレス製耐熱容器に移し、175℃で16時間、水熱合成を行った。
<Synthesis of pure silica zeolite>
(Test Example 1)
CHA-type pure silica zeolite powder (crystal) was synthesized by referring to the description in the above-mentioned literature, and specifically, synthesized by the following method.
In a fluororesin autoclave container (trade name: Double Reactor RW-20, manufactured by Hiro Co., Ltd., volume 20 ml), 0.43 g of hydroxylated N, N, N— produced from 1-adamantanamine (Aldrich) Trimethyl-1-adamantanamine powder and 0.28 g of silica sol (trade name: colloidal silica AS-40, manufactured by Aldrich, solid concentration 40% by mass) are mixed by lightly stirring, and 87 mg of fluorine is added to the mixture. Hydrohydric acid (46.9% by mass, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added with vigorous stirring, and the composition was confirmed to be neutral with a universal test paper (pH test paper).
Put the fluororesin-coated rotor in the autoclave container containing the raw powder composition, set it on a hot stirrer (trade name: Program Hot Stirrer DP-2M, manufactured by ASONE Co., Ltd.), and set the temperature to 90 ° C. Stir at 800 rpm. A glass container (trade name: BELL JAR VKU-500, manufactured by Kiriyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was placed thereon, and dried under reduced pressure using an aspirator (trade name: portable aspirator MDA-015, manufactured by ULVAC Kiko Co., Ltd.). Thereafter, the autoclave container was taken out from the glass container and dried under reduced pressure until the mass became 0.75 g to obtain a mixture. This autoclave container was transferred to a stainless steel heat-resistant container and subjected to hydrothermal synthesis at 175 ° C. for 16 hours.

加熱処理後、オートクレーブ容器内に粉末状固体が形成されていた。この粉末状固体をオートクレーブ容器から取出し、水洗し、乾燥した後、大気中、電気炉で1.0℃/分の速度で580℃まで昇温して12時間保持後、1℃/分の速度で室温まで冷却した。得られたピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度は14.5Si/nm3、細孔容積は0.3cm3/gであった。 After the heat treatment, a powdery solid was formed in the autoclave container. This powdery solid is taken out from the autoclave container, washed with water, dried, then heated to 580 ° C. at a rate of 1.0 ° C./min in the air at a rate of 1.0 ° C./min, held for 12 hours, and then at a rate of 1 ° C./min. At room temperature. The resulting pure silica zeolite had a skeleton density of 14.5 Si / nm 3 and a pore volume of 0.3 cm 3 / g.

(試験例2)
STT型のピュアシリカゼオライト粉末(結晶)を上述の文献の記載を参考に合成方法を改良し、具体的には以下の方法によって合成した。
フッ素樹脂製の100mLビーカーにおいて、1−アダマンタンアミン(アルドリッチ社製)から作製した0.435規定度(mol/L)の水酸化N、N、N−トリメチル−1−アダマンタンアミン水溶液57.4gと、5.20gのテトラエトキシシラン(アルドリッチ社製)を混合し、フッ素樹脂被覆の回転子を入れ、ホットスターラー(商品名:プログラムホットスターラーDP−2M、アズワン株式会社製)上にセットし、800rpmで1日間攪拌させた。この混合液に1.07gのフッ化水素酸(和光純薬株式会社製、46.9質量%)を、強く攪拌しながら加え、ホットスターラーの温度を80℃に設定し、その上からガラス容器(商品名:BELL JAR VKU−500、有限会社 桐山製作所製)を被せ、アスピレーター(商品名:ポータブルアスピレーターMDA−015、アルバック機工株式会社製)により、減圧乾燥させた。
その後ガラス容器からフッ素樹脂製の100mLビーカーを取り出し、質量が12.348gになるまで減圧乾燥を続けて混合物を得た。万能試験紙(pH試験紙)にて、この混合物が中性であることを確認した。この混合物をオートクレーブ容器(商品名:ダブルリアクターRW-20、株式会社ヒロ製、容積20ml)に移し、オートクレーブ容器をステンレス製耐熱容器に入れ、175℃で2日間、水熱合成を行った。加熱処理後、オートクレーブ容器内に粉末状固体が形成されていた。
(Test Example 2)
An STT type pure silica zeolite powder (crystal) was synthesized by improving the synthesis method with reference to the description in the above-mentioned literature, and specifically, synthesized by the following method.
In a 100 mL beaker made of fluororesin, 57.4 g of a 0.435 normality (mol / L) hydroxylated N, N, N-trimethyl-1-adamantanamine aqueous solution prepared from 1-adamantanamine (manufactured by Aldrich) and 5.20 g of tetraethoxysilane (manufactured by Aldrich) is mixed, a fluororesin-coated rotor is put, and set on a hot stirrer (trade name: Program Hot Stirrer DP-2M, manufactured by ASONE CORPORATION), 800 rpm For 1 day. 1.07 g of hydrofluoric acid (46.9% by mass, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to this mixed solution with vigorous stirring, the temperature of the hot stirrer was set to 80 ° C., and a glass container ( Product name: BELL JAR VKU-500 (manufactured by Kiriyama Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was applied and dried under reduced pressure by an aspirator (product name: Portable Aspirator MDA-015, ULVAC Kiko Co., Ltd.).
Thereafter, a 100 mL beaker made of a fluororesin was taken out from the glass container, and dried under reduced pressure until the mass became 12.348 g to obtain a mixture. A universal test paper (pH test paper) confirmed that the mixture was neutral. This mixture was transferred to an autoclave container (trade name: Double Reactor RW-20, manufactured by Hiro Co., Ltd., volume 20 ml), and the autoclave container was placed in a stainless steel heat-resistant container, and hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 175 ° C. for 2 days. After the heat treatment, a powdery solid was formed in the autoclave container.

この粉末状固体をオートクレーブ容器から取出し、水洗し、乾燥した後、大気中、電気炉で1.0℃/分の速度で580℃まで昇温して12時間保持後、1℃/分の速度で室温まで冷却した.得られたピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度は17.0Si/nm3、細孔容積は0.18cm3/gであった。 This powdery solid is taken out from the autoclave container, washed with water, dried, then heated to 580 ° C. at a rate of 1.0 ° C./min in the air at a rate of 1.0 ° C./min, held for 12 hours, and then at a rate of 1 ° C./min. And cooled to room temperature. The resulting pure silica zeolite had a skeleton density of 17.0 Si / nm 3 and a pore volume of 0.18 cm 3 / g.

(試験例3)
DDR型のピュアシリカゼオライト粉末(結晶)を上述の文献の記載を参考に、具体的には以下の方法によって合成した。
ポリエチレン製の1000mlの広口瓶に10.6gの1−アダマンタンアミン(アルドリッチ社製)を入れた後、65.2gのエチレンジアミン(アルドリッチ社製)を入れ、振とう機(トーマス科学器械社製)にて、1−アダマンタンアミンの結晶粒子が無くなるまで振とうを続けた。別途、ビーカーにおいて、720.6gの水、228.8gのシリカゾル(アルドリッチ社製、HS-30、固形分濃度30重量%)を攪拌して混合した。この混合液を前記広口瓶中の1−アダマンタンアミンのエチレンジアミン溶液に添加し、さらに、これとは別に特許文献(特開2005−67991号公報)を参考にして作製したピュアシリカDDR型ゼオライト粉末(種結晶)を、約100mgメノウ乳鉢で粉砕して、混合溶液に加えて、振とう機にて1時間以上振とうした。次いで、原料溶液の一部を内容積100mlのフッ素樹脂製内筒付きステンレス耐圧容器に移し、155℃で3日間の加熱処理(水熱合成)を行った。加熱処理後、フッ素樹脂製内筒内に粉末状固体が形成されていた。
(Test Example 3)
DDR type pure silica zeolite powder (crystal) was synthesized by the following method with reference to the description in the above-mentioned literature.
After putting 10.6 g of 1-adamantanamine (manufactured by Aldrich) into a 1000 ml wide-mouthed bottle made of polyethylene, 65.2 g of ethylenediamine (manufactured by Aldrich) is put into a shaker (manufactured by Thomas Scientific Instruments). Then, shaking was continued until 1-adamantanamine crystal particles disappeared. Separately, in a beaker, 720.6 g of water and 228.8 g of silica sol (manufactured by Aldrich, HS-30, solid content concentration of 30% by weight) were stirred and mixed. This mixed solution was added to the ethylenediamine solution of 1-adamantanamine in the wide-mouth bottle, and a pure silica DDR type zeolite powder prepared by referring to a patent document (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-67991) separately from this ( Seed crystals) were pulverized in about 100 mg agate mortar, added to the mixed solution, and shaken for 1 hour or more on a shaker. Next, a part of the raw material solution was transferred to a stainless steel pressure vessel with a fluororesin inner cylinder having an internal volume of 100 ml and subjected to heat treatment (hydrothermal synthesis) at 155 ° C. for 3 days. After the heat treatment, a powdered solid was formed in the fluororesin inner cylinder.

この粉末状固体をフッ素樹脂製内筒から取出し、水洗し、乾燥した後、大気中、電気炉で0.5℃/分の速度で700℃まで昇温して4時間保持後、1℃/分の速度で室温まで冷却した。得られたピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度は17.6Si/nm3、細孔容積は0.13cm3/gであった。 The powdery solid was taken out from the fluororesin inner cylinder, washed with water, dried, then heated to 700 ° C. at a rate of 0.5 ° C./min in the atmosphere at an electric furnace, held for 4 hours, and then 1 ° C. / Cooled to room temperature at a rate of minutes. The resulting pure silica zeolite had a skeleton density of 17.6 Si / nm 3 and a pore volume of 0.13 cm 3 / g.

(試験例4)
FER型のピュアシリカゼオライト粉末(結晶)を上述の文献の記載を参考に、具体的には以下の方法によって合成した。
フッ素樹脂製のオートクレーブ容器(商品名:リアクターR-100、株式会社ヒロ製、容積100ml)において、ピリジン(アルドリッチ社製)48.53mL、蒸留水2.70mL、プロピルアミン(アルドリッチ社製)24.70mLを混合し、すばやくかき混ぜた。このオートクレーブ容器を氷冷しながら、70%フッ化水素ピリジン溶液(アルドリッチ社製)1.88mLを入れ、ヒュームドシリカ(アルドリッチ社製)3.38gを加えすばやくかき混ぜ、ステンレス製耐熱容器に入れた。170℃で7日間、水熱合成を行った。加熱処理後、オートクレーブ容器内に粉末状固体が形成されていた。
(Test Example 4)
FER type pure silica zeolite powder (crystal) was synthesized by the following method, referring to the description in the above-mentioned literature.
In a fluorine resin autoclave container (trade name: Reactor R-100, manufactured by Hiro Co., Ltd., volume 100 ml), pyridine (manufactured by Aldrich) 48.53 mL, distilled water 2.70 mL, propylamine (manufactured by Aldrich) 24. 70 mL was mixed and quickly stirred. While cooling this autoclave container with ice, 1.88 mL of a 70% hydrogen fluoride pyridine solution (Aldrich) was added, 3.38 g of fumed silica (Aldrich) was added, and the mixture was quickly stirred, and placed in a stainless steel heat-resistant container. . Hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 170 ° C. for 7 days. After the heat treatment, a powdery solid was formed in the autoclave container.

この粉末状固体をオートクレーブ容器から取出し、水およびアセトンで洗浄し、乾燥した後、大気中、電気炉で0.5℃/分の速度で600℃ まで昇温して12時間保持後、1℃/分の速度で室温まで冷却した。得られたピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度は17.8Si/nm3、細孔容積は0.12cm3/gであった。 This powdery solid was taken out from the autoclave container, washed with water and acetone, dried, then heated to 600 ° C. at a rate of 0.5 ° C./min in the air and held for 12 hours. Cooled to room temperature at a rate of / min. The resulting pure silica zeolite had a skeleton density of 17.8 Si / nm 3 and a pore volume of 0.12 cm 3 / g.

(比較例1)
比較のために、アルミノケイ酸塩からなる従来のゼオライト(以下、単に「従来のゼオライト」と言う場合がある)として工業的に汎用されている市販品13X(Acros organics製、品番「269255000 Lot.No.A017081701」)について、特性を確認したところ、モル比SiO2/Alは約1であり、骨格密度は12.7Si/nm3、細孔容積は0.26cm3/gであった。
(Comparative Example 1)
For comparison, a commercially available product 13X (manufactured by Acros organics, product number “269255000 Lot.No”, which is industrially widely used as a conventional zeolite made of aluminosilicate (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “conventional zeolite”). .A017081701 "), the characteristics were confirmed. As a result, the molar ratio SiO 2 / Al 2 O 3 was about 1, the skeleton density was 12.7 Si / nm 3 , and the pore volume was 0.26 cm 3 / g. .

<細孔容積の測定>
上記ゼオライトの細孔容積は以下の方法によって測定した。
液体窒素温度(-196℃)での窒素吸着-脱着等温線を全自動ガス吸着量測定装置micromeritics ASAP2020(島津製作所)を用い、定容法によって測定した。測定に先立ち、前処理として300℃で5時間、試料の真空排気を行った。得られた吸着等温線の相対圧0.98での吸着量を液体窒素の体積に換算した値を試料の細孔容積とした。
サンプル重量:0.08g〜1.0g
測定温度:−196℃
前処理:300℃で5時間真空排気(10℃/分で昇温)
<Measurement of pore volume>
The pore volume of the zeolite was measured by the following method.
The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm at liquid nitrogen temperature (-196 ° C.) was measured by a constant volume method using a fully automatic gas adsorption amount measuring device micromeritics ASAP2020 (Shimadzu Corporation). Prior to the measurement, the sample was evacuated at 300 ° C. for 5 hours as a pretreatment. The value obtained by converting the adsorption amount of the obtained adsorption isotherm at a relative pressure of 0.98 to the volume of liquid nitrogen was taken as the pore volume of the sample.
Sample weight: 0.08g-1.0g
Measurement temperature: -196 ° C
Pretreatment: evacuation at 300 ° C for 5 hours (temperature rise at 10 ° C / min)

なお、ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度は、構造が決まると一義的に決まるもので、International zeolite associationから発行されている“Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types”に掲載されている値を採用した。   The framework density of pure silica zeolite is uniquely determined when the structure is determined, and the value published in “Atlas of Zeolite Framework Types” published by International zeolite association was adopted.

上記のように調製したピュアシリカゼオライト及び従来のゼオライトを用いてCO2、水蒸気の吸着・脱着特性について種々測定した(実施例1〜11)。尚、ゼオライトの性能試験を行うために使用する試験装置は、ゼオライトを含有する吸着剤充填用容器、原料ガスボンベ、真空ポンプ、切り替え弁から構成され、シーケンスコントローラーで所定の切り替え弁を開閉することにより、一定温度・圧力条件でのCOの吸着/脱着等の試験が可能となっている。 Using the pure silica zeolite prepared as described above and the conventional zeolite, various CO 2 and water vapor adsorption / desorption characteristics were measured (Examples 1 to 11). The test equipment used to perform the performance test of zeolite is composed of an adsorbent filling container containing zeolite, a raw material gas cylinder, a vacuum pump, and a switching valve. By opening and closing a predetermined switching valve with a sequence controller. Tests such as adsorption / desorption of CO 2 under constant temperature and pressure conditions are possible.

(実施例1)
<水蒸気吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、STT(試験例2)、DDR(試験例3)、従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)、及び活性炭に関して、自動ガス/蒸気吸着量測定装置Belsorp18-plus(日本ベル株式会社製)を用い、定容法によって、高精度のダイアフラム圧力センサーを使用し、飽和蒸気圧での水蒸気の吸着量を測定し、水蒸気の単成分吸着等温線を以下の条件で作成した。
・サンプル重量:0.6g〜1.8g
・測定温度:40℃
・前処理:200℃で8時間真空排気(10℃/分で昇温)
・測定条件:吸着平衡 500sec
:吸着温度 40℃
:飽和蒸気圧 7.377kPa
:初期導入圧 0.400kPa
:最大吸着圧P/Po=0.9
:最小脱着圧P/Po=0.05
結果を図1に示す。ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA、STT、DDRは、40℃において13Xや活性炭と比較して水蒸気の吸着量が著しく少ないことが明らかとなった。すなわち、13Xの水の飽和吸着量(相対圧P/Po=1.0の場合)は約15mol/kgであるのに対し、CHA、STT、DDRの飽和吸着量は各々この順に約3.5mol/kg、2mol/kg、1mol/kgであり、COの吸着等温線と比較するとCO吸着が共存水蒸気の影響阻害をほとんど受けないことが推測される。
活性炭は相対圧が0.4以下程度では疎水的であり、低湿度条件ではCO吸着可能なことが知られているが、ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA、STT、DDRからなる吸着剤は、さらに水蒸気吸着量が少なく、飽和水蒸気圧付近でも水の吸着量は著しく少なく、細孔容積も大きいため、吸着材料として優れている。
Example 1
<Measurement of water vapor adsorption amount>
With regard to pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1), STT (Test Example 2), DDR (Test Example 3), conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1), and activated carbon, an automatic gas / vapor adsorption measuring device Belsolp18-plus ( By using a high-accuracy diaphragm pressure sensor with a constant volume method, measuring the amount of water vapor adsorbed at saturated vapor pressure, and creating a water vapor single-component adsorption isotherm under the following conditions: did.
Sample weight: 0.6g-1.8g
・ Measurement temperature: 40 ℃
・ Pretreatment: Evacuated at 200 ° C for 8 hours (heated at 10 ° C / min)
・ Measurement conditions: Adsorption equilibrium 500 sec
: Adsorption temperature 40 ℃
: Saturated vapor pressure 7.377 kPa
: Initial introduction pressure 0.400 kPa
: Maximum adsorption pressure P / Po = 0.9
: Minimum desorption pressure P / Po = 0.05
The results are shown in FIG. Pure silica zeolites CHA, STT, and DDR were found to have significantly less water vapor adsorption at 40 ° C. than 13X or activated carbon. That is, the saturated adsorption amount of 13X water (when the relative pressure P / Po = 1.0) is about 15 mol / kg, whereas the saturated adsorption amounts of CHA, STT, and DDR are about 3.5 mol in this order. / kg, 2mol / kg, a 1 mol / kg, when compared to the adsorption isotherm of CO 2 that CO 2 adsorption hardly affected inhibition of coexisting steam is presumed.
Activated carbon is known to be hydrophobic when the relative pressure is about 0.4 or less, and is capable of adsorbing CO 2 under low humidity conditions. However, an adsorbent composed of pure silica zeolite CHA, STT, and DDR further absorbs water vapor. The amount of water adsorbed is extremely small even in the vicinity of the saturated water vapor pressure, and the pore volume is large.

(実施例2)
<水蒸気非共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、及び従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)に関して、高圧2成分吸着量測定装置MSB-BG-H10R(日本ベル株式会社製)を用い、CO単成分でのCO吸着量を重量法によって測定し、CO吸着等温線を以下の条件で作成した。
・サンプル重量:0.8g〜1.0g
・測定温度:40℃
・前処理:250℃で8時間真空排気(5℃/分で昇温)
・測定圧力(全圧):0〜980kPa
結果を図2に示す。従来のゼオライト13Xでは、0kPa近傍から100kPa程度までは圧力が増大するにつれてCOの吸着量が急激に増大するが、その後約200kPa〜300kPa程度に達するとCO吸着量が急激に飽和している。これに対しピュアシリカゼオライトCHAでは、圧力の増大に伴うCO吸着量は、0kPa近傍から1000kPaにわたって緩やかに増大している。
この吸着等温線により、13Xを吸着剤として用い、温度40℃、圧力1000kPaでCOを吸着させ、圧力を1000kPaから100kPaに変化させた場合、約1mol/kgのCOしか回収できない。一方、ピュアシリカゼオライトCHAを吸着剤として用い、圧力1000kPaでCOを吸着させ、圧力を1000kPaから100kPaに変化させた場合、約3.5mol/kgという多量のCOが回収可能である。また、13Xは、40℃における水の飽和吸着量が図1より15mol/kg(P/Po=1.0の場合)であるのに対し、1000kPaにおけるCO吸着量が図より6mol/kgであるので、水蒸気共存下では13XにPSA法の適用が困難である。
(Example 2)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the absence of water vapor>
For pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1) and conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1), using a high-pressure two-component adsorption amount measuring device MSB-BG-H10R (manufactured by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.), CO 2 single component The amount of CO 2 adsorption was measured by a gravimetric method, and a CO 2 adsorption isotherm was prepared under the following conditions.
Sample weight: 0.8g-1.0g
・ Measurement temperature: 40 ℃
・ Pretreatment: Evacuated at 250 ° C for 8 hours (heated at 5 ° C / min)
・ Measurement pressure (total pressure): 0 to 980 kPa
The results are shown in FIG. In the conventional zeolite 13X, the amount of adsorption of CO 2 increases rapidly as the pressure increases from around 0 kPa to about 100 kPa, but then the amount of CO 2 adsorption suddenly saturates when it reaches about 200 kPa to 300 kPa. . On the other hand, in the pure silica zeolite CHA, the CO 2 adsorption amount accompanying the increase in pressure gradually increases from around 0 kPa to 1000 kPa.
With this adsorption isotherm, when 13X is used as an adsorbent, CO 2 is adsorbed at a temperature of 40 ° C. and a pressure of 1000 kPa, and the pressure is changed from 1000 kPa to 100 kPa, only about 1 mol / kg of CO 2 can be recovered. On the other hand, when pure silica zeolite CHA is used as an adsorbent and CO 2 is adsorbed at a pressure of 1000 kPa and the pressure is changed from 1000 kPa to 100 kPa, a large amount of CO 2 of about 3.5 mol / kg can be recovered. In addition, the saturated adsorption amount of water at 40 ° C. is 15 mol / kg (in the case of P / Po = 1.0) from FIG. 1, while the CO 2 adsorption amount at 1000 kPa is 6 mol / kg from the diagram. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the PSA method to 13X in the presence of water vapor.

(実施例3)
<水蒸気非共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
測定温度を150℃にした以外は実施例2と同様にして、ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、及び従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)のCO吸着量を測定し、CO吸着等温線を作成した。
結果を図3に示す。実施例2の40℃(313K)でのCO吸着等温線を参考のために示す。13Xでは、1000kPa程度の高圧に近づくにつれて、吸着温度によるCO吸着量の差が小さくなっており、TSA法によるCO回収量が少ないことがわかった。これに対し、ピュアシリカゼオライトCHAでは、1000kPa程度の高圧に変化させると40℃(313K)ではCO吸着能が緩やかに増大するが、150℃(423K)では高圧に変化させてもCO吸着能は飽和に近い微増にとどまるため、吸着温度によるCO吸着量の差が大きくなり、1000kPa程度の高圧領域ではTSA法によるCO回収量が約4mol/kgと高い値を示した。
(Example 3)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the absence of water vapor>
Except that the measurement temperature was 150 ° C., the amount of CO 2 adsorption of pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1) and conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1) was measured in the same manner as in Example 2, and the CO 2 adsorption isotherm. Created a line.
The results are shown in FIG. The CO 2 adsorption isotherm at 40 ° C. (313 K) of Example 2 is shown for reference. With 13X, as the pressure approached about 1000 kPa, the difference in the amount of CO 2 adsorbed depending on the adsorption temperature became smaller, indicating that the amount of CO 2 recovered by the TSA method was small. On the other hand, in pure silica zeolite CHA, the CO 2 adsorption capacity gradually increases at 40 ° C. (313 K) when changed to a high pressure of about 1000 kPa, but the CO 2 adsorption even when changed to a high pressure at 150 ° C. (423 K). Since the performance was only slightly increased close to saturation, the difference in the amount of CO 2 adsorbed depending on the adsorption temperature became large, and in the high pressure region of about 1000 kPa, the amount of CO 2 recovered by the TSA method was as high as about 4 mol / kg.

(実施例4)
<水蒸気非共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
上記の、各ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、STT(試験例2)、およびゼオライト13X(比較例1)を吸着剤として用いて、高圧2成分吸着量測定装置MSB-BG-H10R(日本ベル株式会社製)により、水蒸気非共存下におけるCOの吸着量を測定した。
・用いたガス組成:CO50容積%、N50容積%、
・吸着温度:40℃
・用いた吸着剤重量:1.5g
以上の条件下にて圧力を変動させ、種々のゼオライトの、高圧時(800kPa)でのCOの吸着量と低圧時(100kPa)でのCOの吸着量を測定し、減圧した際の回収CO量を求めた。その結果を表1に示した。
Example 4
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the absence of water vapor>
Using the above pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1), STT (Test Example 2), and zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1) as adsorbents, high-pressure two-component adsorption amount measuring device MSB-BG-H10R (Japan) The amount of CO 2 adsorbed in the absence of water vapor was measured by Bell Co.).
Gas composition used: CO 2 50% by volume, N 2 50% by volume,
・ Adsorption temperature: 40 ℃
-Adsorbent weight used: 1.5g
The pressure was changed under the above conditions, and various zeolites were measured for CO 2 adsorption at high pressure (800 kPa) and CO 2 adsorption at low pressure (100 kPa). The amount of CO 2 was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2009214101
Figure 2009214101

本発明のピュアシリカゼオライトCHA、STTを吸着剤として用いた場合、高圧時(800kPa)でのCO吸着量は13Xよりも少ないが、高圧時と低圧時(100kPa)とのCO吸着量の差が13Xよりも大きいので、PSA法により13Xよりも多くのCOを回収することができる。 When using pure-silica zeolite CHA of the present invention, the STT as an adsorbent, but CO 2 adsorption amount at the time of high pressure (800 kPa) is less than 13X, of the CO 2 adsorption amount of the high-pressure state and a low pressure (100 kPa) since the difference is greater than 13X, it is possible to recover more of CO 2 than 13X by PSA method.

(実施例5)
<水蒸気非共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、及び従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)に関して、平衡吸着量測定装置(日本ベル株式会社、Belsorp HP)を用いて、測定温度40℃でCO分圧が3MPa程度までのCO吸着量を測定し、CO吸着等温線を作成した。
結果を図4に示す。CHA(試験例1)では、3MPa程度まではCO分圧の増大とともにCO吸着量が増大し、高圧条件(1.6MPa)から常圧(0.1MPa)への圧力変動でのCO吸着量のローディング差は3.6mol/kgと非常に大きな値を示すことが明らかとなった。これに対し13Xでは、CO分圧が300kPa程度で吸着量がほぼ飽和に達してしまうため、高圧ガス(1.6MPa)から常圧(0.1MPa)への圧力スイングでは、COを効率的に回収することはできず、1.5mol/kg程度の回収量しか期待できないことがわかった。
(Example 5)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the absence of water vapor>
For pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1) and conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1), using an equilibrium adsorption amount measuring apparatus (Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., Belsorp HP), the CO 2 partial pressure was measured at 40 ° C. The amount of CO 2 adsorption up to about 3 MPa was measured, and a CO 2 adsorption isotherm was created.
The results are shown in FIG. In CHA (Test Example 1), the amount of CO 2 adsorption increases with increasing CO 2 partial pressure up to about 3 MPa, and CO 2 under pressure fluctuation from high pressure conditions (1.6 MPa) to normal pressure (0.1 MPa). It became clear that the loading difference of the adsorption amount showed a very large value of 3.6 mol / kg. On the other hand, with 13X, the adsorption amount almost reaches saturation when the partial pressure of CO 2 is about 300 kPa. Therefore, in the pressure swing from high pressure gas (1.6 MPa) to normal pressure (0.1 MPa), CO 2 is efficiently used. It was found that only a recovered amount of about 1.5 mol / kg could be expected.

(実施例6)
<水蒸気非共存下でのCO、N吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)に関して、高圧ガス2成分吸着装置(日本ベル株式会社、Belsorp HP)を用いて、測定温度40℃で、CO/N(容積比50:50、40℃)混合ガスによるCO及びN吸着量を測定し、CO及びN吸着等温線を作成した。本装置は通常の圧力変化により吸着量を求める容量法式のガス吸着装置に、天秤が設置された構造となっており、ガス吸着時の圧力変化と同時に重量変化も測定できるため、2成分系でのガス吸着量の測定が可能となっている。
結果を図5に示す。なお、実施例5のCO単成分ガスでのCO吸着等温線を参考のために示す。ピュアシリカゼオライトCHAは、CO単成分ガスの場合とCO/N混合ガスの場合とで吸着量の差がほとんど見られず、COガスにNガスが共存する場合でも、COを高選択的に吸着することが明らかとなった。
(Example 6)
<Measurement of CO 2 and N 2 adsorption amount in the absence of water vapor>
For pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1), CO 2 / N 2 (volume ratio 50:50, 40 ° C.) at a measurement temperature of 40 ° C. using a high-pressure gas two-component adsorption device (Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., Belsorp HP). ) CO 2 and N 2 adsorption amounts by the mixed gas were measured, and CO 2 and N 2 adsorption isotherms were prepared. This device has a structure in which a balance is installed on a volumetric gas adsorption device that determines the amount of adsorption by a normal pressure change, and can measure the weight change at the same time as the pressure change during gas adsorption. It is possible to measure the amount of gas adsorption.
The results are shown in FIG. In addition, the CO 2 adsorption isotherm with the CO 2 single component gas of Example 5 is shown for reference. Pure silica zeolite CHA shows almost no difference in the amount of adsorption between the case of the CO 2 single component gas and the case of the CO 2 / N 2 mixed gas, and even when N 2 gas coexists in the CO 2 gas, the CO 2 It was revealed that adsorbed with high selectivity.

(実施例7)
<水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、DDR(試験例3)に関して、高圧2成分吸着量測定装置MSB-BG-H10R(日本ベル株式会社製)を用い、水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着(2成分同時吸着)測定を行った。本装置は通常の定容法のガス吸着量測定装置に磁気浮遊天秤を備えた構造となっており、定容法と重量法の組み合わせにより、両方から変化量を求め2成分のガス吸着量を測定し、吸着等温線を作成した。
・サンプル重量:0.8g〜1.0g
・測定温度:40℃
・前処理:250℃で8時間真空排気(5℃/分で昇温)
・測定圧力(全圧):0〜980kPa
・水蒸気共存条件:事前に40℃での飽和水蒸気吸着後測定
(Example 7)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the presence of water vapor>
For pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1) and DDR (Test Example 3), using a high-pressure two-component adsorption amount measuring device MSB-BG-H10R (made by Nippon Bell Co., Ltd.), CO 2 adsorption (2 Component simultaneous adsorption) measurement was performed. This device has a structure equipped with a magnetic buoyant balance in a gas adsorption amount measuring device of the usual constant volume method. By combining the constant volume method and the gravimetric method, the amount of change is obtained from both and the two component gas adsorption amounts are obtained. Measurements were made to create adsorption isotherms.
Sample weight: 0.8g-1.0g
・ Measurement temperature: 40 ℃
・ Pretreatment: Evacuated at 250 ° C for 8 hours (heated at 5 ° C / min)
・ Measurement pressure (total pressure): 0 to 980 kPa
・ Water vapor coexistence condition: Measurement after adsorption of saturated water vapor at 40 ° C in advance

CHAの結果を図6に、DDRの結果を図7に示す。CHAでは、1000kPa(吸着)の高圧から100kPa(脱着)への圧力スイングによって、水蒸気共存下であっても2.5mol/kgもの多量のCOを回収できることが明らかである。
次に、DDRの水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着量を水蒸気非共存下のCO吸着量と比較すると、100kPa(約1気圧)ではCO吸着量が0.15mol/kg低下し、1000kPaでは0.4mol/kg低下するが、1000kPaにおける吸着量と100kPaにおける吸着量の差は1mol/kgであるので、水蒸気共存下においてもPSA法の適用は十分に可能である。
The result of CHA is shown in FIG. 6, and the result of DDR is shown in FIG. It is apparent that CHA can recover as much as 2.5 mol / kg of CO 2 even in the presence of water vapor by a pressure swing from a high pressure of 1000 kPa (adsorption) to 100 kPa (desorption).
Next, when the CO 2 adsorption amount of water vapor the presence of DDR comparing the CO 2 adsorption amount of water vapor non-presence, 100 kPa (about 1 atm) in the CO 2 adsorption amount is decreased 0.15 mol / kg, in 1000kPa Although it decreases by 0.4 mol / kg, since the difference between the adsorbed amount at 1000 kPa and the adsorbed amount at 100 kPa is 1 mol / kg, the application of the PSA method is sufficiently possible even in the presence of water vapor.

(実施例8)
<水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、及び従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)に関して、高圧ガス2成分吸着装置(日本ベル株式会社、Belsorp HP)を用いて、測定温度40℃でHO、CO吸着量を測定し、CO吸着等温線を作成した。本装置は通常の圧力変化により吸着量を求める容量法式のガス吸着装置に、天秤が設置された構造となっており、ガス吸着時の圧力変化と同時に重量変化も測定できるため、2成分系でのガス吸着量の測定が可能となっている。また、水蒸気共存測定は水蒸気をあらかじめゼオライトに飽和吸着させたのち、COを導入するという手法をとった。
結果を図8に示す。CHAでは、水蒸気共存条件下でCO吸着が共存水蒸気の影響阻害をほとんど受けず、COを高選択的に吸着可能なことが示唆された。また、CO回収量(1.6MPaから0.1MPa減圧でのローディング差)は、3.6mol/kgであり、高CO分圧条件では、水蒸気共存条件下でもほとんどCOの吸着阻害を受けていない。
(Example 8)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the presence of water vapor>
For pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1) and conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1), using a high-pressure gas two-component adsorption device (Nippon Bell Co., Ltd., Belsorp HP), H 2 O at a measurement temperature of 40 ° C. The amount of CO 2 adsorption was measured, and a CO 2 adsorption isotherm was prepared. This device has a structure in which a balance is installed on a volumetric gas adsorption device that determines the amount of adsorption by a normal pressure change, and can measure the weight change at the same time as the pressure change during gas adsorption. It is possible to measure the amount of gas adsorption. For the coexistence measurement of water vapor, a method was adopted in which CO 2 was introduced after saturated adsorption of water vapor on zeolite in advance.
The results are shown in FIG. In CHA, CO 2 adsorption was hardly affected by the coexisting water vapor under water vapor coexisting conditions, suggesting that CO 2 can be adsorbed with high selectivity. The CO 2 recovery (loading difference from 1.6 MPa to 0.1 MPa under reduced pressure) is 3.6 mol / kg. Under high CO 2 partial pressure conditions, almost no inhibition of CO 2 adsorption is observed even in the presence of water vapor. I have not received it.

(実施例9)
<水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
従来のゼオライト13X(比較例1)に関して、実施例6と同じ条件でHO、CO吸着量を測定し、CO吸着等温線を作成した。
結果を図9に示す。なお、乾燥条件下(CO単成分)でのCO吸着等温線を参考のために示す。13Xでは、乾燥条件下できわめて高いCOの吸着量を示したが、水蒸気共存条件下でほとんどCOを吸着できないことがわかった。
Example 9
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the presence of water vapor>
Regarding conventional zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1), the amount of H 2 O and CO 2 adsorption was measured under the same conditions as in Example 6 to prepare a CO 2 adsorption isotherm.
The results are shown in FIG. A CO 2 adsorption isotherm under dry conditions (CO 2 single component) is shown for reference. Although 13X showed a very high CO 2 adsorption amount under dry conditions, it was found that CO 2 could hardly be adsorbed under water vapor coexistence conditions.

(実施例10)
<水蒸気共存下でのCO吸着量の測定>
上記の、各ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)、STT(試験例2)、DDR(試験例3)、FER(試験例4)、およびゼオライト13X(比較例1)を吸着剤として用いて、水蒸気共存下におけるCOの吸着量を測定した。
・用いたガス組成:CO50容積%、残りN50容積%に飽和水蒸気を含む。
ガス組成以外は上記(実施例)の場合と同条件にて、種々のゼオライトの高圧時(800kPa)と低圧時(100kPa)でのCOの吸着量を測定し、減圧した際の回収CO量を求めた。
(Example 10)
<Measurement of CO 2 adsorption amount in the presence of water vapor>
Using each of the above pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1), STT (Test Example 2), DDR (Test Example 3), FER (Test Example 4), and zeolite 13X (Comparative Example 1) as adsorbents, The amount of CO 2 adsorbed in the presence of water vapor was measured.
Gas composition used: CO 2 50% by volume, N 2 50% by volume contains saturated water vapor.
Except for the gas composition, the amount of CO 2 adsorbed on various zeolites at high pressure (800 kPa) and low pressure (100 kPa) was measured under the same conditions as in the above (Examples), and recovered CO 2 when decompressed. The amount was determined.

Figure 2009214101
Figure 2009214101

本発明によるピュアシリカゼオライトでは水蒸気の共存下においても大きなCO吸着量が得られている。特にCHAでのCO吸着量は3.6mol/(kg)に達している。一方、水蒸気非共存下ではCOを大量に吸着するゼオライト13Xは、水蒸気が共存する場合にはほとんどCOを吸着しない。
このように、本発明のピュアシリカゼオライトを用いたCOの選択的分離方法によれば、従来のゼオライト13Xを吸着剤として用いた場合と比較して、COとともに水蒸気を含む高圧ガスからのCO回収量が、約10倍(DDR、FER)〜25倍(CHA)と著しく多量であることが確認された。
In the pure silica zeolite according to the present invention, a large CO 2 adsorption amount is obtained even in the presence of water vapor. In particular, the CO 2 adsorption amount in CHA has reached 3.6 mol / (kg). On the other hand, zeolite 13X that adsorbs a large amount of CO 2 in the absence of water vapor hardly adsorbs CO 2 when water vapor coexists.
Thus, according to the selective separation method of CO 2 using the pure silica zeolite of the present invention, compared with the case where the conventional zeolite 13X is used as the adsorbent, the CO 2 from the high pressure gas containing water vapor is used. It was confirmed that the amount of CO 2 recovered was remarkably large, about 10 times (DDR, FER) to 25 times (CHA).

(実施例11)
<水蒸気共存下での高圧破過曲線の測定>
ピュアシリカゼオライトCHA(試験例1)に関して、図10に示す流通式ガス吸着量測定装置を用いて、CO/N(50:50,PCO2=800kPa、40℃)混合ガスを流通させることにより、高圧破過曲線を得た。本装置では、マスフローコントローラー(MFC)により流量を制御したガスが、バブラー(HO−1、HO−2)に通され、切換バルブC11を経て、CHAが充填された吸着カラム21に供給される。吸着カラムから流出したガスは、切換バルブC12〜C14、C13〜C14を経て、TCD(Thermal Conductivity Detector、熱伝導度型検出器)ガスクロマトグラフGC390、GC323に供給され、ガス濃度が測定される。
測定条件は吸着カラム温度を40℃として、測定時の全圧を1.6MPa、吸着カラムの空間速度(SV)を16.5h−1とした。破過曲線の測定はArガスを充填した吸着カラムにCO/N混合ガスを導入し、出口側ガスの濃度変化をTCDガスクロマトグラフにて測定することにより行った。脱離曲線の測定は、混合ガスが完全に破過した後、カラムへの供給ガスをArガスに切り替え、出口ガスの濃度変化を測定することにより行った。測定は水蒸気存在下で行い、40℃における飽和蒸気圧で水蒸気の供給を行った。水蒸気影響評価を正確に行うため、CO/N混合ガス供給前に飽和水蒸気のみを含むArガスを供給し、吸着層の出口側から水蒸気を確認した。吸着量および脱着量の計算するに当り、石英砂もしくは石英粉末を用いて測定を実施し、ベースラインとして用いた。
(Example 11)
<Measurement of high-pressure breakthrough curve in the presence of water vapor>
Regarding pure silica zeolite CHA (Test Example 1), using a flow-type gas adsorption amount measuring apparatus shown in FIG. 10, a CO 2 / N 2 (50:50, P CO2 = 800 kPa, 40 ° C.) mixed gas is circulated. Thus, a high-pressure breakthrough curve was obtained. In this apparatus, a gas whose flow rate is controlled by a mass flow controller (MFC) is passed through a bubbler (H 2 O-1, H 2 O-2) and passed through a switching valve C11 to an adsorption column 21 filled with CHA. Supplied. The gas flowing out from the adsorption column is supplied to TCD (Thermal Conductivity Detector) gas chromatographs GC390 and GC323 through switching valves C12 to C14 and C13 to C14, and the gas concentration is measured.
The measurement conditions were an adsorption column temperature of 40 ° C., a total pressure during measurement of 1.6 MPa, and an adsorption column space velocity (SV) of 16.5 h −1 . The breakthrough curve was measured by introducing a CO 2 / N 2 mixed gas into an adsorption column filled with Ar gas and measuring the concentration change of the outlet side gas with a TCD gas chromatograph. The desorption curve was measured by switching the gas supplied to the column to Ar gas after the mixed gas completely broke through and measuring the concentration change of the outlet gas. The measurement was performed in the presence of water vapor, and water vapor was supplied at a saturated vapor pressure at 40 ° C. In order to accurately evaluate the influence of water vapor, Ar gas containing only saturated water vapor was supplied before the CO 2 / N 2 mixed gas was supplied, and water vapor was confirmed from the outlet side of the adsorption layer. In calculating the amount of adsorption and desorption, measurements were performed using quartz sand or quartz powder and used as a baseline.

結果を図11に示す。初期数分間は配管中のガスが置換されている部分であることを別途ブランク測定により確認しており、図中の点線で示したラインがブランク測定結果である。本実験条件下では20分間以上にわたり、COは全く検知されず、COは水蒸気を含む流通混合ガスからCOが高選択的に吸着分離されていることがわかった。Nも初期に吸着されるが、時間経過とともにCOに置換され脱離している。COの吸着が飽和して吸着剤出口側のCO濃度が供給側の濃度に達した後、Arガスに切り替えると、Nはほとんどブランク測定と同様に速やかに減少し、ほとんど吸着層に残っていないが、吸着されたCOとほぼ同量のCOが脱離することを確認した。また、吸着したCOは3.4〜3.7mol/kg程度と計算され、実施例8の図8に示した平衡吸着量3.6mol/kgとほぼ一致することを確認した。 The results are shown in FIG. In the initial few minutes, it is confirmed separately by blank measurement that the gas in the pipe is replaced, and the line indicated by the dotted line in the figure is the blank measurement result. For more than 20 minutes in the present experimental conditions, CO 2 is not at all detected, CO 2 has been found that CO 2 is high selective adsorption separation from circulation gas mixture containing water vapor. N 2 is also adsorbed in the initial stage, but is replaced with CO 2 and desorbed with time. When the adsorption of CO 2 is saturated and the CO 2 concentration on the adsorbent outlet side reaches the concentration on the supply side, when switching to Ar gas, N 2 decreases almost immediately as in the blank measurement, and almost in the adsorption layer not left, but it was confirmed that the CO 2 of about the same amount as the CO 2 adsorbed is desorbed. Further, the adsorbed CO 2 was calculated to be about 3.4 to 3.7 mol / kg, and it was confirmed that it substantially coincided with the equilibrium adsorption amount 3.6 mol / kg shown in FIG.

1 除湿塔
2 吸着塔
21 吸着カラム
1 Dehumidification Tower 2 Adsorption Tower 21 Adsorption Column

Claims (12)

ピュアシリカゼオライトを含有する、COを含有する高圧ガスからCOを選択的に分離するためのCO分離剤。 A CO 2 separation agent for selectively separating CO 2 from a high-pressure gas containing CO 2 containing pure silica zeolite. 高圧ガスがさらに水蒸気を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のCO分離剤。 The CO 2 separation agent according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure gas further contains water vapor. 高圧ガス中のCOガス分圧が、100〜4000kPaである請求項1又は2に記載のCO分離剤。 The CO 2 separating agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the CO 2 gas partial pressure in the high-pressure gas is 100 to 4000 kPa. 高圧ガス中の水蒸気分圧が、CO分離を行う温度での飽和水蒸気圧の20%以上である請求項1〜3の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。 The CO 2 separation agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a partial pressure of water vapor in the high-pressure gas is 20% or more of a saturated water vapor pressure at a temperature at which CO 2 separation is performed. ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度が18Si/nm3以下、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g以上、であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。 5. The CO 2 separation agent according to claim 1, wherein the pure silica zeolite has a skeleton density of 18 Si / nm 3 or less and a pore volume of 0.1 cm 3 / g or more. ピュアシリカゼオライトがCHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER型、FAU型、LTA型、SBS型およびIHW型ゼオライトの内の少なくとも1種である請求項1〜5の何れかに記載のCO分離剤。 6. The CO 2 separation according to claim 1, wherein the pure silica zeolite is at least one of CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER type, FAU type, LTA type, SBS type and IHW type zeolite. Agent. COを含有する高圧ガスをピュアシリカゼオライトと接触させ、COを吸着させる工程と、COを脱離させる工程とを含むことを特徴とするCOの選択的分離方法。 A high pressure gas containing CO 2 into contact with the pure-silica zeolite, adsorbing the CO 2, the selective separation process of CO 2, which comprises a step of the CO 2 desorbed. 高圧ガスがさらに水蒸気を含有することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のCOの選択的分離方法。 6. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to claim 5, wherein the high-pressure gas further contains water vapor. 高圧ガス中のCOガス分圧が、100〜4000kPaである請求項7又は8に記載のCOの選択的分離方法。 The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the CO 2 gas partial pressure in the high-pressure gas is 100 to 4000 kPa. 高圧ガス中の水蒸気分圧が、CO分離を行う温度での飽和水蒸気圧の20%以上である請求項7〜9の何れかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。 The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a partial pressure of water vapor in the high-pressure gas is 20% or more of a saturated water vapor pressure at a temperature at which CO 2 separation is performed. ピュアシリカゼオライトの骨格密度が18Si/nm3以下、細孔容積が0.1cm3/g以上、であることを特徴とする請求項7〜10の何れかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。 11. The method for selectively separating CO 2 according to claim 7, wherein the pure silica zeolite has a skeleton density of 18 Si / nm 3 or less and a pore volume of 0.1 cm 3 / g or more. . ピュアシリカゼオライトがCHA型、STT型、DDR型、FER、FAU、LTA型、SBS型およびIHW型ゼオライトの内の少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項請求項7〜11のいずれかに記載のCOの選択的分離方法。 The pure silica zeolite is at least one of CHA type, STT type, DDR type, FER, FAU, LTA type, SBS type and IHW type zeolite, according to any one of claims 7 to 11. The method for selectively separating CO 2 as described.
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