JP2009209099A - Prophylactic and therapeutic agent of arteriosclerosis - Google Patents

Prophylactic and therapeutic agent of arteriosclerosis Download PDF

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JP2009209099A
JP2009209099A JP2008054296A JP2008054296A JP2009209099A JP 2009209099 A JP2009209099 A JP 2009209099A JP 2008054296 A JP2008054296 A JP 2008054296A JP 2008054296 A JP2008054296 A JP 2008054296A JP 2009209099 A JP2009209099 A JP 2009209099A
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tomatidine
arteriosclerosis
active ingredient
blood cholesterol
therapeutic agent
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Tatsuji Nagai
竜児 永井
Akio Fujiwara
章雄 藤原
Takeshi Ikeda
剛 池田
Toshihiro Nohara
稔弘 野原
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Kumamoto University NUC
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Kumamoto University NUC
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis, a blood cholesterol-lowering agent and a macrophage foaming inhibitor by identifying a substance that inhibits macrophage foaming, lowers blood cholesterol and prevents and treats arteriosclerosis. <P>SOLUTION: The prophylactic and therapeutic agent of arteriosclerosis comprises tomatidine as an active ingredient. The blood cholesterol-lowering agent comprises tomatidine as an active ingredient. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、トマチジンを有効成分として含む動脈硬化の予防・治療剤、血中コレステロール低下剤、及びマクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤に関する。   The present invention relates to a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis containing tomatidine as an active ingredient, a blood cholesterol lowering agent, and a macrophage foaming inhibitor.

食生活の西洋化や運動不足が原因で、肥満、脂質代謝異常、高血圧、糖尿病など、生活習慣病の発症率が激増している。現在、日本には700万人以上の糖尿病患者が存在し、本疾患に罹患すると動脈硬化症を高頻度に発症する。生活習慣病になると血中コレステロール濃度が上昇し、変性した低密度リポ蛋白(LDL)を介してマクロファージに取り込まれ、その後、コレステロールはacyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl-transferase 1(ACAT-1)という酵素の作用でコレステロールエステルに変換されマクロファージ内に蓄積する(マクロファージの泡沫化)。また、肝臓ではACAT-2が発現しており、肝臓で合成されたコレステロールの血中への放出に関与している。   The incidence of lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, and diabetes has increased dramatically due to westernization of diet and lack of exercise. At present, there are more than 7 million diabetic patients in Japan, and atherosclerosis occurs frequently when suffering from this disease. When it becomes a lifestyle-related disease, the blood cholesterol level rises and is taken into macrophages via denatured low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and then cholesterol is an enzyme called acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyl-transferase 1 (ACAT-1) It is converted into cholesterol ester by the action of and accumulates in macrophages (foaming of macrophages). In addition, ACAT-2 is expressed in the liver and is involved in the release of cholesterol synthesized in the liver into the blood.

一方、トマトの果実より単離されたエスクレオサイドAは、マクロファージの泡沫化を抑制し、高脂血症マウスで動脈硬化の発症を抑制することが知られている(非特許文献1)。   On the other hand, esculeoside A isolated from tomato fruit is known to suppress foaming of macrophages and suppress the onset of arteriosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice (Non-patent Document 1).

Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Hori M, Matsushita S, Iijima Y, Aoki K, Shibata D, Takeya M, Ikeda T, Nohara T and Nagai R. Esculeogenin A, a new tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting ACAT. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27: 2400-2406, 2007Fujiwara Y, Kiyota N, Hori M, Matsushita S, Iijima Y, Aoki K, Shibata D, Takeya M, Ikeda T, Nohara T and Nagai R. Esculeogenin A, a new tomato sapogenol, ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by inhibiting ACAT. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 27: 2400-2406, 2007

本発明は、マクロファージの泡沫化を阻害し、血中コレステロールを低下し、動脈硬化を予防・治療できる物質を同定することによって、動脈硬化の予防・治療剤、血中コレステロール低下剤、及びマクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤を提供することを解決すべき課題とした。   The present invention identifies a substance capable of inhibiting foaming of macrophages, lowering blood cholesterol, and preventing / treating arteriosclerosis, thereby preventing arteriosclerosis preventive / therapeutic agent, blood cholesterol lowering agent, and macrophage Providing a foaming inhibitor was a problem to be solved.

本発明者らは上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討し、食品あるいは生薬の粗抽出物、あるいは単離化合物(約100種類)についてマクロファージの泡沫化阻害活性を評価した結果、トマトの茎・葉より単離されたトマチジン(図1)がACATを阻害することによって泡沫化を抑制し(図2)、さらに高脂血症マウスにトマチジンを2ヶ月間経口投与した結果、血中コレステロールの低下(図3)、さらに、動脈硬化を有意に抑制する(図4)ことが明らかとなった。本発明は、これらの知見に基づいて完成したものである。   The present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result of evaluating the foaming inhibitory activity of macrophages on crude extracts of foods or crude drugs, or isolated compounds (about 100 kinds), the stems and leaves of tomatoes The more isolated tomatidine (Fig. 1) inhibits foaming by inhibiting ACAT (Fig. 2). Furthermore, as a result of oral administration of tomatidine to hyperlipidemic mice for 2 months, blood cholesterol decreased ( 3), and further, it was revealed that arteriosclerosis was significantly suppressed (FIG. 4). The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

即ち、本発明によれば、以下の発明が提供される。
(1) トマチジンを有効成分として含む、動脈硬化の予防・治療剤。
(2) トマチジンを有効成分として含む、血中コレステロール低下剤。
(3) トマチジンを有効成分として含む、マクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤。
(4) トマチジンを有効成分として含む、動脈硬化の予防・治療、血中コレステロール低下、又はマクロファージの泡沫化阻害のための飲食品。
(5) エスクレオサイドAと併用される、(1)から(4)の何れかに記載の薬剤又は飲食品。
That is, according to the present invention, the following inventions are provided.
(1) A prophylactic / therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient.
(2) A blood cholesterol lowering agent comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient.
(3) A macrophage foaming inhibitor comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient.
(4) A food or drink containing tomatidine as an active ingredient for preventing or treating arteriosclerosis, lowering blood cholesterol, or inhibiting foaming of macrophages.
(5) The drug or food or beverage according to any one of (1) to (4), which is used in combination with esculeoside A.

本発明により新規な動脈硬化の予防・治療剤、血中コレステロール低下剤、及びマクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤が提供される。本発明においては、トマト果実収穫後の商品価値のないトマト地上部(茎・葉など)から動脈硬化予防の有効成分が発見された。なお、エスクレオサイドAはトマトの茎・葉には含まれていない。また、トマチジンの単離は、エスクレオサイドAの単離よりも比較的容易である。   The present invention provides a novel preventive / therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis, a blood cholesterol lowering agent, and a macrophage foaming inhibitor. In the present invention, an active ingredient for preventing arteriosclerosis was discovered from the above-ground part of the tomato (stem, leaf, etc.) having no commercial value after harvesting the tomato fruit. Esculoside A is not contained in tomato stems and leaves. Also, tomatidine isolation is relatively easier than esculeoside A isolation.

以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明の動脈硬化の予防・治療剤、血中コレステロール低下剤、及びマクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤(以下、これらを総称して本発明の薬剤とも言う)において有効成分として用いるトマチジンは、図1に示す構造を有する(22S,25S)−5α−スピロソラン−3β−オールである。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The tomatidine used as an active ingredient in the preventive / therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis, the blood cholesterol lowering agent, and the macrophage foaming inhibitor of the present invention (hereinafter collectively referred to as the drug of the present invention) is shown in FIG. (22S, 25S) -5α-spirosolan-3β-ol having the structure shown.

本発明の薬剤における有効成分としては、図1に示す構造を有する遊離形態の化合物のほか、生理学的に許容される塩を用いてもよい。生理学的に許容される塩としては、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属との塩;マグネシウム等のアルカリ土類金属との塩;アンモニア、エタノールアミン、2−アミノ−2−メチル−1−プロパノール等のアミンとの塩などが挙げられる。この他、生理的に許容されるものであれば塩の種類は特に限定されることはない。   As an active ingredient in the drug of the present invention, a physiologically acceptable salt may be used in addition to a free form compound having the structure shown in FIG. Physiologically acceptable salts include salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; salts with alkaline earth metals such as magnesium; ammonia, ethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and the like Examples include salts with amines. In addition, the type of salt is not particularly limited as long as it is physiologically acceptable.

トマチジンは公知化合物であり、有機化学的に合成してもよいし、あるいは、例えば、本明細書中の実施例に記載の方法又はそれに準じた方法により、トマトより調製・入手することができる。   Tomatidine is a known compound, and may be synthesized organically, or can be prepared and obtained from tomatoes, for example, by the method described in the examples in the present specification or a method analogous thereto.

本発明の薬剤を対象者に投与する場合の投与量は、対象者の年齢、体重、症状等に応じて適宜設定することができるが、一般的には、成人一人一日当たり有効成分として0.1〜1000mg /kg体重、特に0.1〜500mg/kg体重を1〜数回に分けて投与することができる。   The dosage when administering the drug of the present invention to a subject can be appropriately set according to the age, weight, symptoms, etc. of the subject, but in general, 0. 1-1000 mg / kg body weight, especially 0.1-500 mg / kg body weight can be administered in 1 to several divided doses.

本発明の薬剤の投与経路は、特に限定されず、例えば、経口投与、又は非経口投与(皮膚に塗布、又は静脈注射、皮下注射、皮内注射、腹腔内注射、筋肉内投与等)を行うことができる。   The administration route of the drug of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, oral administration or parenteral administration (applied to the skin, or intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, intradermal injection, intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular administration, etc.) is performed. be able to.

本発明の薬剤は、有効成分として含有するトマチジンで示される化合物に加えて、医薬組成物で通常用いられている添加物を含有することができる。この様な任意の添加物としては、賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、乳化剤、可溶化剤、分散剤、滑沢剤、コーティング剤、着色剤、安定剤、等張剤等を挙げることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。腑形剤としては、乳糖、白糖、ブドウ糖などの糖類、デンプン、炭酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム等の無機物、結晶セルロース、蒸留水、精製水、ゴマ油、ダイズ油、トウモロコシ油、オリーブ油、綿実油等の一般に使用されているものを例示することができる。本発明の薬剤は、これらの添加物を用いて常法によって製剤化することができる。また、本発明の薬剤は、他の医薬品と混合して使用したり、併用することもできる。   The drug of the present invention can contain additives usually used in pharmaceutical compositions in addition to the compound represented by tomatidine contained as an active ingredient. Such optional additives include excipients, binders, disintegrants, emulsifiers, solubilizers, dispersants, lubricants, coating agents, colorants, stabilizers, isotonic agents, and the like. However, it is not limited to these. As an acupuncture agent, saccharides such as lactose, sucrose, glucose etc., inorganic substances such as starch, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, crystalline cellulose, distilled water, purified water, sesame oil, soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, etc. What is being done can be illustrated. The drug of the present invention can be formulated by a conventional method using these additives. Moreover, the chemical | medical agent of this invention can be mixed with other pharmaceuticals, and can also be used together.

また、本発明の薬剤は、飲食品の形態として製造することもできる。本発明による動脈硬化の予防・治療、血中コレステロール低下、又はマクロファージの泡沫化阻害のための飲食品の製品の具体例としては、清涼飲料、ドリンク剤、健康食品、特定保健用食品、機能性食品、機能活性型食品、栄養補助食品、サプリメント、飼料、飼料添加物などと一般に呼称される、飲料を含む健康食品または補助食品が挙げられる。   Moreover, the chemical | medical agent of this invention can also be manufactured as a form of food-drinks. Specific examples of food and drink products for preventing and treating arteriosclerosis, lowering blood cholesterol, or inhibiting foaming of macrophages according to the present invention include soft drinks, drinks, health foods, foods for specified health use, functionality Examples include health foods or supplements, including beverages, commonly referred to as foods, functionally active foods, nutritional supplements, supplements, feed, feed additives and the like.

本発明の飲食品は、トマチジンを、食品に使われる一般的な原料に直接混合、分散したのち、公知の方法により所望の形態に加工することによって得ることができる。本発明の飲食品はあらゆる形態の飲食品を包含するものであり、その種類は特に制限されず、上記したような各種飲食物、あるいは各種栄養組成物、例えば各種の経口又は経腸栄養剤や飲料等に、トマチジンを配合して飲食品として提供することができる。飲食品の形態は特に限定されず、摂取しやすい形態であれば、固形、粉末、液体、ゲル状、スラリー状等のいずれであってもよい。   The food / beverage products of the present invention can be obtained by directly mixing and dispersing tomatidine into a general raw material used in foods and then processing it into a desired form by a known method. The food / beverage products of this invention include food / beverage products of all forms, The kind in particular is not restrict | limited, Various food / beverage products as described above, or various nutritional compositions, for example, various oral or enteral nutrition, Tomatidine can be blended with beverages or the like and provided as food or drink. The form of the food or drink is not particularly limited, and may be any of solid, powder, liquid, gel, slurry and the like as long as it is easy to ingest.

本発明の薬剤は、エスクレオサイドAと併用することができ、これにより動脈硬化の予防・治療、血中コレステロール低下、並びにマクロファージの泡沫化阻害という本発明の効果をさらに高めることができる、エスクレオサイドAを対象者に投与する場合の投与量は、対象者の年齢、体重、症状等に応じて適宜設定することができるが、一般的には、成人一人一日当たり有効成分として0.1〜1000mg /kg体重、特に0.1〜500mg/kg体重を1〜数回に分けて投与することができる。   The agent of the present invention can be used in combination with esculeoside A, which can further enhance the effects of the present invention such as prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, lowering blood cholesterol, and inhibiting foaming of macrophages. The dose when cleoside A is administered to a subject can be appropriately set according to the age, weight, symptom, etc. of the subject. -1000 mg / kg body weight, especially 0.1-500 mg / kg body weight can be administered in one to several divided doses.

以下の実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。但し、本発明の範囲はこれらの実施例によって限定されるものではない。   The following examples further illustrate the present invention. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited by these examples.

実施例1:Tomatidineの抽出・分離法
トマト (Lycopersicon esculentum) の新鮮地上部 (5.0 kg) を容積20Lのプラスチック容器に入れ、その容器にトマト地上部が浸る程度のメタノールを入れ、その後、80〜100℃の水浴で5時間熱をかけ、トマト地上部に含まれる成分をメタノールに溶出させる。そのメタノール溶出液をナス型フラスコに入れ、フラスコをエバポレーターに装着し、メタノールを留去していき液量が約3 Lになるまで濃縮する。このメタノール濃縮液を分液漏斗に移し、ヘキサン1 Lを加えて分配操作を行った。下層(メタノール層)をさらにヘキサン1 Lと分配操作を行った後、メタノール層をエバポレーターで減圧乾固しメタノール抽出エキス(104 g)を得た。このメタノール抽出エキスをDiaion HP-20カラムクロマトグラフィー(70 mm×600 mmガラスオープンカラム)にかけ、水(8 L)、メタノール(6 L)で連続的に溶出した。次に、減圧乾固したメタノール溶出画分(25 g)をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(70 mm×500 mmガラスオープンカラム)にかけ、溶媒システム(クロロホルム:メタノール:水=7:3:0.5, 5 L)で溶出することでa-tomatine(2.35 g)をトマトの湿重量から計算して0.047%の収率で得た。
Example 1 Extraction and Separation Method of Tomatidine A fresh aboveground part (5.0 kg) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is put into a plastic container with a volume of 20 L, and methanol to the extent that the tomato above part is immersed is put into the container, and then 80 to Heat in a 100 ° C water bath for 5 hours to elute the components contained in the above-ground parts of tomato in methanol. The methanol eluate is put into an eggplant-shaped flask, the flask is attached to an evaporator, methanol is distilled off, and the liquid volume is concentrated to about 3 L. This methanol concentrate was transferred to a separatory funnel, and 1 L of hexane was added to carry out a partitioning operation. The lower layer (methanol layer) was further partitioned with 1 L of hexane, and then the methanol layer was dried under reduced pressure using an evaporator to obtain a methanol extract (104 g). This methanol extract was applied to Diaion HP-20 column chromatography (70 mm × 600 mm glass open column) and eluted successively with water (8 L) and methanol (6 L). Next, the methanol elution fraction (25 g) dried under reduced pressure was applied to silica gel chromatography (70 mm x 500 mm glass open column), and the solvent system (chloroform: methanol: water = 7: 3: 0.5, 5 L) was used. By elution, a-tomatine (2.35 g) was obtained in a yield of 0.047% calculated from the wet weight of tomato.

200 mLのナス型フラスコにa-tomatine(2.35 g)と4 N 塩酸(20 mL)、1,4-ジオキサン(20 mL)を加え、ジムロート冷却管を装着して、油浴上100〜110℃にて3時間還流した。反応液はそのままエバポレーターで濃縮し、得られた残渣をシリカゲルクロマトグラフィー(35 mm×300 mmガラスオープンカラム)にかけ、溶媒システム(ヘキサン:アセトン = 7:1, 2 L)で溶出することでtomatidine(0.75 g)を80%の収率で得た。   Add a-tomatine (2.35 g), 4 N hydrochloric acid (20 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) to a 200 mL eggplant-shaped flask, and attach a Dimroth condenser tube to the oil bath at 100-110 ° C. At reflux for 3 hours. The reaction solution is directly concentrated with an evaporator, and the resulting residue is subjected to silica gel chromatography (35 mm x 300 mm glass open column) and eluted with a solvent system (hexane: acetone = 7: 1, 2 L) to formidine ( 0.75 g) was obtained with a yield of 80%.

実施例2:細胞内CE蓄積量の測定
(1)LDLの調製と化学修飾法
ヒトのLDL(d=1.019-1.063 g/ml)は健常者のヒト血漿から連続超遠心(36,000 rpm、20時間、4℃)により分離し、直ちにエチレンジアミン四酢酸(ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, EDTA)を含む生理食塩水(EDTA-saline; 0.15 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4))にて透析したものを用いた。acetyl-LDLの調製は、20 mgのヒトLDLに5 mlの飽和酢酸(LDLと等量の飽和酢酸を加えた)を加え、その後、氷上にて穏やかに撹拌しながら無水酢酸を20 ml以下ずつ滴下した。撹拌しながら氷上で1時間反応させながら、5 N NaOHを滴下しpHを6.5〜7.0に保ち、その後直ちにEDTA-salineにて透析し、限外濾過法により濃縮した。得られたacetyl-LDLは、定性的に修飾の程度を確認するためにアガロース電気泳動を行い、十分に修飾されていることを確認した。
Example 2: Measurement of intracellular CE accumulation (1) Preparation of LDL and chemical modification method Human LDL (d = 1.019-1.063 g / ml) was obtained by continuous ultracentrifugation (36,000 rpm, 20 hours) from normal human plasma. 4 ° C.) and immediately dialyzed with physiological saline (EDTA-saline; 0.15 M NaCl and 1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4)) containing ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). To prepare acetyl-LDL, add 20 ml of human LDL with 5 ml of saturated acetic acid (with the same amount of saturated acetic acid as LDL), and then add 20 ml or less of acetic anhydride with gentle stirring on ice. It was dripped. While reacting on ice for 1 hour with stirring, 5 N NaOH was added dropwise to maintain the pH at 6.5 to 7.0, and then immediately dialyzed with EDTA-saline and concentrated by ultrafiltration. The obtained acetyl-LDL was subjected to agarose electrophoresis in order to qualitatively confirm the degree of modification, and confirmed to be sufficiently modified.

(2)ヒト単球由来マクロファージの調製
ヒト末梢血由来の単核球は、Ficoll密度勾配遠心分離法(Ficoll-Paque: Amersham bioscience)によって分離した。単球は、balanced salt solutionで洗浄後、4℃下での低温単球凝集法によって凝集した単球とその他の単核球を分離し、単球のみを単離した。単離した単球は、2×106 cells/mlでRPMI 1640に再懸濁され、24 well plateに4×106 cells/well(Falcon-PRIMARIA plate: Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA)の濃度で播種した。37℃で1時間付着させた後、RPMI 1640に10%不活化ヒト血清及びストレプトマイシン硫酸塩(0.1 mg/ml)とペニシリンG(100 units/ml)を加えた培養液に交換した。その後、培養液は3日ごとに交換し、マクロファージに分化するまで7日間培養(CO2濃度5%、温度37℃、湿度100%)で培養した。
(2) Preparation of human monocyte-derived macrophages Mononuclear cells derived from human peripheral blood were separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Paque: Amersham bioscience). Monocytes were washed with a balanced salt solution, separated from the agglomerated monocytes and other monocytes by a low-temperature monocyte aggregation method at 4 ° C., and only monocytes were isolated. Isolated monocytes are resuspended in RPMI 1640 at 2 x 10 6 cells / ml and 4 x 10 6 cells / well in a 24-well plate (Falcon-PRIMARIA plate: Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) Seeded at a concentration of After attachment at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, the medium was replaced with RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% inactivated human serum, streptomycin sulfate (0.1 mg / ml) and penicillin G (100 units / ml). Thereafter, the culture medium was changed every 3 days, and cultured for 7 days (CO 2 concentration 5%, temperature 37 ° C., humidity 100%) until differentiation into macrophages.

(3)[3H]オレイン酸塩を用いた細胞内CE蓄積量の測定
上記のように調製したヒト単球由来マクロファージを24 well platesに播種し、分化させた後、3% BSA-RPMI中に各濃度のTomatidineを添加し、acetyl-LDL及び0.1 mM [3H]oleate-BSA(5×103 dpm/nmol)存在下で16時間培養した。その後の細胞をPBSで3回洗浄し、脂質抽出液(Hexane : Isopropanol = 3 : 2)で30分間、細胞中の脂質を抽出した。脂質抽出液は窒素ガスで乾固し、これを展開溶媒(Hexane : Dietylether : Acetic acid = 90 : 10 : 1)(100 ml)で再懸濁した。この一部(20 ml)を、あらかじめスタンダードとしてcholesteryl oleate、triolein及びcholesterolをスポットしておいたTCL板にスポットし、展開溶媒にて展開後ヨードで発色させ、cholesteryl[3H]oleate、[3H]trioleinを回収した。同時に、展開しない20 mlの脂質抽出液の放射活性も測定し、total [3H]oleate-BSAの細胞内取り込み量とした。各々の放射活性は液体シンチレーターを加え測定した。脂質抽出後の細胞は0.1 N NaOHで可溶化し、各々の細胞タンパク量をBCA法にて測定した。
(3) Measurement of intracellular CE accumulation using [ 3 H] oleate Human monocyte-derived macrophages prepared as described above were seeded on 24 well plates and differentiated, and then in 3% BSA-RPMI. Tomatidine was added to each concentration, and cultured in the presence of acetyl-LDL and 0.1 mM [ 3 H] oleate-BSA (5 × 10 3 dpm / nmol) for 16 hours. Thereafter, the cells were washed three times with PBS, and lipids in the cells were extracted with a lipid extract (Hexane: Isopropanol = 3: 2) for 30 minutes. The lipid extract was dried with nitrogen gas and resuspended in a developing solvent (Hexane: Dietylether: Acetic acid = 90: 10: 1) (100 ml). Part of this (20 ml) was spotted on a TCL plate on which cholesteryl oleate, triolein and cholesterol had been spotted in advance as a standard, developed with a developing solvent, developed with iodine, and cholesteryl [ 3 H] oleate, [ 3 H] triolein was recovered. At the same time, the radioactivity of 20 ml of lipid extract that was not developed was also measured, and the total amount of [ 3 H] oleate-BSA was taken up into cells. Each radioactivity was measured by adding a liquid scintillator. The cells after lipid extraction were solubilized with 0.1 N NaOH, and the amount of each cell protein was measured by the BCA method.

上記の測定結果を図2−1に示す。TomatidineおよびEsculeogenin Aは、濃度依存的にCEの蓄積(泡沫化)を抑制した。また、TomtidineとEsculeogenin Aの併用によりCE蓄積抑制作用の相加効果がみられた。   The measurement results are shown in FIG. Tomatidine and Esculeogenin A inhibited CE accumulation (foaming) in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the combined use of Tomtidine and Esculeogenin A showed the additive effect of CE accumulation inhibitory action.

実施例3:再構成法によるACAT酵素活性の測定
(1)リポソームの調製
ACAT酵素活性の測定に当たり、遊離コレステロール/ホスファチジルコリンからなるリポソーム(Taurocholate 9.3mM:PC 11.2mM:Cholesterol 1.6mM)の調製を行った。150 μlのコレステロール (20 mg/ml in benzene)と200μlのホスファチジルコリン(100 mg/ml in CHCl3)を十分に混合させ窒素ガスで乾固した。これに100μlの10%タウロコール酸、100 μlのバッファー(500 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.8)、10 mM EDTA)、800μlの超純水(D2W)を加え混和し、透明になるまで遮光しながら室温で超音波をかけた。最後に1 mlの超純水を加えて、4℃で保存した。
Example 3: Measurement of ACAT enzyme activity by reconstitution method (1) Preparation of liposomes
For measurement of ACAT enzyme activity, liposomes composed of free cholesterol / phosphatidylcholine (Taurocholate 9.3 mM: PC 11.2 mM: Cholesterol 1.6 mM) were prepared. 150 μl of cholesterol (20 mg / ml in benzene) and 200 μl of phosphatidylcholine (100 mg / ml in CHCl 3 ) were mixed well and dried with nitrogen gas. Add 100 μl of 10% taurocholic acid, 100 μl of buffer (500 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.8), 10 mM EDTA) and 800 μl of ultrapure water (D 2 W) and mix until light. While sonicating at room temperature. Finally, 1 ml of ultrapure water was added and stored at 4 ° C.

(2)再構成ACAT活性測定
測定に用いる細胞のホモジネートは氷冷したバッファーA(50 mM Tris、1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4)、プロテアーゼ阻害剤 (PMSF, pepstatin A, luepeptin, aprotinin))で細胞を回収し、テフロン(登録商標)ホモジナイザーを用いて破砕した。ホモジネートした細胞に、KClとCHAPS(1 M KCl: 2% CHAPS)を添加し可溶化した。可溶化した細胞抽出物はBCA法によるタンパク定量後、バッファーAで濃度を4 mg/mlに調整した。可溶化した細胞抽出物20μl(80μg)に調製したリポソーム140μlを加え軽く混和しACATタンパクを再構成し、30μMTomatidineを添加し10分間氷令した後、[14 C]オレオイルCoA(25 mM [14C]oleoyl CoA: 12.5 mg/ml fatty acid-free BSA: 0.02 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.8)、40 dpm/pmol)を添加し、15分間37℃で保温した。3 mlの反応停止液(CHCl3 : CH3OH = 2 : 1)を添加することにより酵素反応は停止させた。室温で低速遠心(2,000 rpm、10分間)により水層と油層を分離し、水層を廃棄し残った油層を窒素ガスで乾固させ、120μlの展開溶媒(Hexane: Diethylether: Acetic acid = 90 : 10 : 1)で再懸濁し、TLCにスポットし展開させコレステロール[3H]オレイン酸の放射活性を測定してACAT活性とした。
(2) Reconstituted ACAT activity measurement The cell homogenate used for the measurement is ice-cold buffer A (50 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4), protease inhibitor (PMSF, pepstatin A, luepeptin, aprotinin)). It collect | recovered and it crushed using the Teflon (trademark) homogenizer. KCl and CHAPS (1 M KCl: 2% CHAPS) were added to the homogenized cells and solubilized. The solubilized cell extract was subjected to protein quantification by the BCA method, and the concentration was adjusted to 4 mg / ml with buffer A. Add 140 μl of the prepared liposome to 20 μl (80 μg) of the solubilized cell extract, mix gently to reconstitute the ACAT protein, add 30 μMTomatidine and incubate for 10 minutes, then [ 14 C] oleoyl CoA (25 mM [ 14 C] oleoyl CoA: 12.5 mg / ml fatty acid-free BSA: 0.02 M Tris-HCl (pH 7.8), 40 dpm / pmol) was added, and the mixture was kept at 37 ° C. for 15 minutes. The enzyme reaction was stopped by adding 3 ml of reaction stop solution (CHCl 3 : CH 3 OH = 2: 1). Separate the aqueous layer and the oil layer by low-speed centrifugation (2,000 rpm, 10 minutes) at room temperature, discard the aqueous layer, dry the remaining oil layer with nitrogen gas, and 120 μl of developing solvent (Hexane: Diethylether: Acetic acid = 90: The suspension was resuspended in 10: 1), spotted on TLC and developed, and the radioactivity of cholesterol [ 3 H] oleic acid was measured to obtain ACAT activity.

上記の測定結果を図2−2に示す。TomatidineはControlと比較してACAT活性を抑制した。   The measurement results are shown in FIG. Tomatidine inhibited ACAT activity compared to Control.

実施例4:動物実験
実験手順は、熊本大学動物実験倫理学調査委員会によって承認されている。
6週齢のapoprotein E(apoE)欠損マウス(C57BL/6.KOR-Apoeshl)はSLCより購入した。これらのマウスは、12時間毎に点灯/消灯で、温度と湿度が一定に保たれた部屋(22±2℃、55±2%)で飼育し、購入後1週間は普通食(CLEA)を与えた。その後、Tomatidine(50 mg/kg of body weight)を60日間経口投与した。20匹のapoprotein E(apoE)欠損マウスを2群(10匹:controls、10 匹:50 mg/kg Tomatidine)にわけ実験を行った。血液サンプルは経口投与終了後に腹大動脈より採血した。血清中の総コレステロール、LDLコレステロール、トリグリセリド濃度は酵素法を用いてOlympus AU5200 自動分析装置により測定した。測定結果を図3に示す。Tomatidine投与により、血中総コレステロールおよびLDLコレステロールが低下した。
Example 4: Animal Experiment The experimental procedure has been approved by the Kumamoto University Animal Experiment Ethics Committee.
6-week-old apoprotein E (apoE) deficient mice (C57BL / 6.KOR-Apoe shl) was purchased from SLC. These mice are lit and extinguished every 12 hours and kept in a room where the temperature and humidity are kept constant (22 ± 2 ° C, 55 ± 2%). Gave. Thereafter, Tomatidine (50 mg / kg of body weight) was orally administered for 60 days. Twenty apoprotein E (apoE) deficient mice were divided into two groups (10: controls, 10: 50 mg / kg Tomatidine). Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta after oral administration. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were measured by an Olympus AU5200 automatic analyzer using an enzymatic method. The measurement results are shown in FIG. Tomatidine administration reduced blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.

また、動脈硬化の測定は採血後に行った。心臓の近位大動脈はoil redにより染色した。心臓は4%パラホルムアルデヒド(wt/vol)で固定し、optimal cutting temperature (OTC) compound(Sakura Tissue-Tek)包埋し、Cryostat(Leica)を用いて6μmの厚さにスライスした。1個体につき3 section(First section:冠動脈起始部、Second section:弁尖中腹部、Third section:弁尖付着部)をoil redおよびhematoxylinにより染色した。染色された部位の面積はIPAP-WIN(Sumika Technoservice)を用いて解析および測定し、3 sectionにおける動脈硬化の面積を平均してグラフ化した。結果を図4に示す。Tomatidine投与により有意に動脈硬化が抑制された。   The arteriosclerosis was measured after blood collection. The proximal aorta of the heart was stained with oil red. The heart was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (wt / vol), embedded with an optimal cutting temperature (OTC) compound (Sakura Tissue-Tek), and sliced to a thickness of 6 μm using Cryostat (Leica). Three sections (First section: coronary artery origin, Second section: leaflet mid-abdomen, Third section: leaflet attachment) were stained with oil red and hematoxylin for each individual. The area of the stained site was analyzed and measured using IPAP-WIN (Sumika Technoservice), and the area of arteriosclerosis in 3 sections was averaged and plotted. The results are shown in FIG. Tomatidine administration significantly suppressed arteriosclerosis.

図1は、トマチジンの化学構造を示す。FIG. 1 shows the chemical structure of tomatidine. 図2は、トマチジンはマクロファージの泡沫化を抑制し、そのメカニズムはACAT活性阻害であることを示す実験結果である。FIG. 2 is an experimental result showing that tomatidine suppresses foaming of macrophages and the mechanism is inhibition of ACAT activity. 図3は、トマチジンは血中コレステロール値を低下させることを示す実験結果である。FIG. 3 shows the experimental results showing that tomatidine decreases blood cholesterol levels. 図4は、トマチジン摂取は動脈硬化を抑制することを示す実験結果である。FIG. 4 is an experimental result showing that tomatidine intake suppresses arteriosclerosis.

Claims (5)

トマチジンを有効成分として含む、動脈硬化の予防・治療剤。 A prophylactic / therapeutic agent for arteriosclerosis comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient. トマチジンを有効成分として含む、血中コレステロール低下剤。 A blood cholesterol lowering agent containing tomatidine as an active ingredient. トマチジンを有効成分として含む、マクロファージの泡沫化阻害剤。 A macrophage foaming inhibitor comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient. トマチジンを有効成分として含む、動脈硬化の予防・治療、血中コレステロール低下、又はマクロファージの泡沫化阻害のための飲食品。 A food and drink for preventing and treating arteriosclerosis, lowering blood cholesterol, or inhibiting foaming of macrophages, comprising tomatidine as an active ingredient. エスクレオサイドAと併用される、請求項1から4の何れかに記載の薬剤又は飲食品。 The chemical | medical agent or food-drinks in any one of Claim 1 to 4 used together with escleoside A.
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JP2018184394A (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-22 東海物産株式会社 Production method of tomatidine
CN109212054A (en) * 2018-07-24 2019-01-15 山东农业大学 A kind of method of HPLC MS measurement tomatidine and tomato saponin(e
JP2019210236A (en) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-12 株式会社ディーエイチシー Methods of making tomatidine or esculeogenin and products using tomatidine or esculeogenin

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013510140A (en) * 2009-11-11 2013-03-21 ジョン ヒュン ナム Fatty liver improving agent composition
JP2014517008A (en) * 2011-06-06 2014-07-17 ユニバーシティ オブ アイオワ リサーチ ファウンデーション Methods for inhibiting muscle atrophy
JP2017019834A (en) * 2011-06-06 2017-01-26 ユニバーシティ オブ アイオワ リサーチ ファウンデーション Method for inhibiting muscle atrophy
JP2018184394A (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-22 東海物産株式会社 Production method of tomatidine
JP7085262B2 (en) 2017-04-25 2022-06-16 東海物産株式会社 Manufacturing method of tomatidine
JP2019210236A (en) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-12 株式会社ディーエイチシー Methods of making tomatidine or esculeogenin and products using tomatidine or esculeogenin
CN109212054A (en) * 2018-07-24 2019-01-15 山东农业大学 A kind of method of HPLC MS measurement tomatidine and tomato saponin(e
CN109212054B (en) * 2018-07-24 2020-11-06 山东农业大学 Method for determining tomatidine by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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