JP2009115539A - Vibration sensor - Google Patents
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- JP2009115539A JP2009115539A JP2007287235A JP2007287235A JP2009115539A JP 2009115539 A JP2009115539 A JP 2009115539A JP 2007287235 A JP2007287235 A JP 2007287235A JP 2007287235 A JP2007287235 A JP 2007287235A JP 2009115539 A JP2009115539 A JP 2009115539A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、タービンや発電機、電動機など機械装置の回転部分や軸受け部分に発生する異常を運転したままの状態で測定し、電波として出力する振動センサの構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a structure of a vibration sensor that measures an abnormality generated in a rotating portion or a bearing portion of a mechanical device such as a turbine, a generator, or an electric motor while operating and outputs the abnormality as a radio wave.
回転機械の異常を評価する手段としての振動測定は、簡便かつ信頼性が高く、従来から盛んに研究され実用化されている。
例えば、蒸気タービン発電プラントでは、高・中・低圧タービン、発電機・励磁機の各軸受けの水平方向と垂直方向、軸方向の振動を連続測定、記録して重要な装置の健全性を常に監視している。そして、軸受け部で測定した振動速度、あるいは振動変位が一定値を超えると注意、あるいは危険と判定して、機械の運転を停止、分解点検などを実施している。
この時、前記した各軸受けに取付けるセンサの取付け面には雄ねじを加工してあり、測定対象となる軸受け部には測定方向に合わせて雌ねじを加工し、そこに前記雄ねじをねじ込むことによりセンサを固定する。すなわち、センサは1個で1方向のみの振動を検出するため、水平、垂直、軸方向を測定するには1箇所で3個、発電プラント全体では20〜30個のセンサが必要となる。そして、センサを取付けたら、制御室までの長い距離を配線して監視装置に接続している。
製鉄や化学、その他のプラントでは、発電プラントとは比較にならない程の多数の電動機が使用されている場合が多い。そして、その中のたった1台の電動機が異常になることよって突発停止を発生することもあり、全電動機を常時監視したいという要求は強い。しかし、それらの電動機は広大な敷地に散在しており、前記した振動センサの個数が多くなることや配線距離が長くなることに起因して、費用が莫大となるため、1日1回、または1週間に1から数回の頻度で、保全マンが手持ちの振動計を持って巡回測定を行い、異常を発見するというのが従来のやり方である。
Vibration measurement as a means for evaluating abnormalities in rotating machinery is simple and reliable, and has been extensively studied and put into practical use.
For example, in a steam turbine power plant, the horizontal, vertical, and axial vibrations of high / medium / low pressure turbines and generator / exciter bearings are continuously measured and recorded to constantly monitor the health of important equipment. is doing. Then, when the vibration speed or vibration displacement measured at the bearing portion exceeds a certain value, it is determined to be caution or dangerous, and the machine operation is stopped and overhauled.
At this time, a male screw is machined on the mounting surface of the sensor to be attached to each bearing described above, a female screw is machined in the bearing portion to be measured in accordance with the measurement direction, and the male screw is screwed into the sensor to thereby install the sensor. Fix it. That is, since one sensor detects vibration in only one direction, three sensors are required at one place to measure horizontal, vertical, and axial directions, and 20 to 30 sensors are required for the entire power plant. When the sensor is attached, a long distance to the control room is wired and connected to the monitoring device.
Steel, chemical, and other plants often use many electric motors that are incomparable to power plants. And since only one of the motors becomes abnormal, a sudden stop may occur, and there is a strong demand for monitoring all the motors at all times. However, these electric motors are scattered in a vast site, and the cost becomes enormous due to the increase in the number of vibration sensors described above and the increase in wiring distance. The conventional method is that maintenance personnel carry out a cyclic measurement with a hand-held vibration meter and discover anomalies once or several times a week.
上記で説明したような、保全マンが手持ちの振動計を持って巡回する方法は、
(1)測定時、保全マンが回転体部分に近づく必要があり、危険、
(2)短時間サイクルでの測定は不可能、
という課題がある。そのため技術動向としてはオンライン測定システムが標榜されているが、前記したように布線工事費が莫大となるので、最近では無線を利用したワイヤレス測定システムの適用が検討されつつある(特許文献1参照)。
(1) When measuring, it is necessary for maintenance personnel to approach the rotating body, which is dangerous.
(2) Measurement in short cycle is impossible,
There is a problem. Therefore, an online measurement system is advocated as a technical trend. However, as described above, the wiring construction cost becomes enormous, and recently, the application of a wireless measurement system using radio is being studied (see Patent Document 1). ).
しかし、ワイヤレス測定システムには下記のような新たな課題が発生する。
(1)振動信号検出素子、検出信号の増幅基板、データを記録するメモリ、測定指令を受信したり、データを電波にして発信する基板、センサ独立で機能するためのバッテリ、などをセンサ内に収納する必要があり、センサ体積が大きくなること。
(2)これまでの振動監視はアンバランス振動が主で10Hz〜1kHzの周波数特性があれば充分であったが、最近は転がり軸受け診断など10kHzという高周波数まで必要とされてきている。
(3)比較的出力の小さな電動機も測定対象となるため、電動機の軸受け部分のセンサ取付け可能面積が小さく、水平、垂直、軸方向のセンサを固定することが困難。
本発明は、上記に鑑み、センサ体積が大きくならず、任意の方向に振動検出方向を合わせて取付けることが可能となり、1つのセンサで2方向以上の振動を検出することが可能な振動センサを提供することを目的とする。
However, the following new problems occur in the wireless measurement system.
(1) Vibration signal detection element, detection signal amplification board, memory for recording data, board for receiving measurement commands and transmitting data as radio waves, battery for sensor independent function, etc. in the sensor It must be stored and the sensor volume must be large.
(2) Up to now, vibration monitoring has been sufficient if it is mainly unbalanced vibration and has a frequency characteristic of 10 Hz to 1 kHz. Recently, however, a high frequency of 10 kHz is required for rolling bearing diagnosis.
(3) Since a motor with a relatively small output is also an object to be measured, the area where the sensor can be attached to the bearing portion of the motor is small, and it is difficult to fix the sensors in the horizontal, vertical and axial directions.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a vibration sensor that does not have a large sensor volume and can be attached with the vibration detection direction aligned in an arbitrary direction and can detect vibrations in two or more directions with a single sensor. The purpose is to provide.
上記の課題を解決するため、本発明による振動センサは、X方向振動検出素子、Y方向振動検出素子および軸線方向と直交するZ方向振動検出素子のうちの少なくとも2方向の振動検出素子取付け面、振動検出方向の1つと平行、または直交するように設定したセンサ取付け面、プリント基板・電池等を収納するための収納部を有するセンサケースと、前記振動検出素子取付け面に取付けられる複数の振動検出素子と、前記センサケースを振動検出対象物にボルトで締め付け固定するために、前記センサ取付け面のほぼ中央に設けられ、その長さが直径の1〜5倍の貫通孔と、を有し、振動検出方向の1つに方向を合わせて前記振動検出対象物に雌ねじを加工し、この雌ねじ上に前記センサ取付け面を置き、他の振動検出方向に取付け角度を合わせた状態で、前記ボルトで締め付け固定されることを特徴とする。
また、本発明による振動センサは、上記の構造において、前記センサケースは、上下2つの部分に分割可能な構造としたことを特徴とする。
さらに、本発明による振動センサは、上記の構造において、互いに直行する2方向または3方向の振動検出素子の取付け面は、分割されたセンサケースのうち、前記センサ取付け面が形成された側に設けられることを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-described problems, a vibration sensor according to the present invention includes an X-direction vibration detection element, a Y-direction vibration detection element, and a Z-direction vibration detection element orthogonal to the axial direction. A sensor mounting surface set to be parallel or orthogonal to one of the vibration detection directions, a sensor case having a storage portion for storing a printed circuit board, a battery, and the like, and a plurality of vibration detections mounted on the vibration detection element mounting surface In order to fasten and fix the element and the sensor case to the vibration detection object with a bolt, the sensor mounting surface is provided at substantially the center, and has a through hole whose length is 1 to 5 times the diameter, A female screw is machined on the vibration detection object in accordance with one of the vibration detection directions, the sensor mounting surface is placed on the female screw, and the mounting angle is set in another vibration detection direction. In Align was state, characterized in that it is fastened by the bolt.
The vibration sensor according to the present invention is characterized in that, in the above-described structure, the sensor case has a structure that can be divided into two upper and lower parts.
Furthermore, in the vibration sensor according to the present invention, in the above structure, the mounting surface of the two or three direction vibration detecting elements orthogonal to each other is provided on the side where the sensor mounting surface is formed in the divided sensor case. It is characterized by being able to.
1個で少なくとも2方向以上の振動を検出する素子を内蔵したセンサを、センサ取付け面に加工した雄ねじと、測定対象となる軸受け部に測定方向に合わせて加工した雌ねじを利用し、センサをねじ込むことにより固定した場合、ねじ込む角度がどこで止まるかを調整することは困難である。すなわち、ねじの軸心方向は測定方向に一致することが可能だが、これと直行する残りの2方向は制御不能となる。調整手段として固定面にスペーサを挟んで締め付ける方法もあるが、この場合センサ取付けによる固有振動数低下が顕著に現れるので振動センサ固定には採用しない。
これに対し、本発明の振動センサでは、振動検出方向の1つに方向を合わせて軸受け部に雌ねじを加工し、この上に振動センサを置き、他の振動検出方向に振動センサの取付け角度を合わせた状態で、固定用六角穴付ボルトを締め付ければ、スペーサ無しで、正確に任意の方向の振動検出が可能となる。
A single sensor with a built-in element for detecting vibrations in at least two directions is screwed into the sensor mounting surface using a male screw machined on the sensor mounting surface and a female screw machined in the measuring direction on the bearing to be measured. When it is fixed by this, it is difficult to adjust where the screwing angle stops. In other words, the axial direction of the screw can coincide with the measurement direction, but the remaining two directions orthogonal to the measurement direction cannot be controlled. As an adjusting means, there is a method in which the spacer is clamped with a spacer on the fixing surface.
On the other hand, in the vibration sensor of the present invention, a female screw is machined on the bearing portion so that the direction is aligned with one of the vibration detection directions, the vibration sensor is placed on this, and the mounting angle of the vibration sensor is set in the other vibration detection direction. If the hexagon socket head cap screw is tightened in the combined state, vibration in any direction can be accurately detected without a spacer.
図1は本発明による振動センサの実施例を示す構造図であり、(A)は上面から見た断面、(B)は側面から見た断面である。図において、1はX方向振動検出素子、2はY方向振動検出素
子、3はZ方向振動検出素子、4はセンサケース、5はベースプレート、6はセンサ取付け面、7はプリント基板や電池等の収納部、8は直径大の貫通孔、9は直径小の貫通孔、10は貫通孔段付部、11は六角穴付ボルトを示している。
この実施例では、ベースプレート5の中央に直径小の貫通穴9を設け、貫通穴9の軸線と平行で互いに直交するX方向振動検出素子1とY方向振動検出素子2の取付面、および軸線方向と直交するZ方向振動検出素子3の取付面を設けて各方向の振動検出素子1、2、3を固定する。
そしてベースプレート5の貫通穴9の上に円形断面の筒、具体的にはパイプなどを接合して、直径大の貫通穴8と貫通穴段付部10を構成する。さらにその外側にベースプレート5の大きさに応じたセンサケース4を接合し、直径大の貫通穴8とセンサケース4との間にプリント基板・電池などを収納することにより、1個のセンサで2方向以上の振動を検出する振動センサを構成する。
1A and 1B are structural views showing an embodiment of a vibration sensor according to the present invention. FIG. 1A is a cross section seen from the top surface, and FIG. 1B is a cross section seen from the side surface. In the figure, 1 is an X direction vibration detecting element, 2 is a Y direction vibration detecting element, 3 is a Z direction vibration detecting element, 4 is a sensor case, 5 is a base plate, 6 is a sensor mounting surface, 7 is a printed circuit board, a battery, etc. The accommodating portion, 8 is a through hole with a large diameter, 9 is a through hole with a small diameter, 10 is a through hole stepped portion, and 11 is a hexagon socket head bolt.
In this embodiment, a through hole 9 having a small diameter is provided in the center of the base plate 5, the mounting surfaces of the X direction vibration detecting element 1 and the Y direction vibration detecting element 2 that are parallel to the axis of the through hole 9 and orthogonal to each other, and the axial direction A mounting surface for the Z-direction vibration detecting element 3 orthogonal to each other is provided to fix the vibration detecting elements 1, 2, and 3 in each direction.
Then, a circular cross-section cylinder, specifically, a pipe or the like is joined on the through hole 9 of the base plate 5 to form the through hole 8 having a large diameter and the through hole stepped portion 10. Further, a sensor case 4 corresponding to the size of the base plate 5 is bonded to the outside, and a printed circuit board, a battery, and the like are accommodated between the through hole 8 having a large diameter and the sensor case 4, so that two sensors can be used. A vibration sensor that detects vibration in a direction or more is configured.
このように構成した振動センサは、1個のセンサで2方向以上の振動を検出することができるため、従来の振動センサに比較すると体積が大きく、重量も大きくなるので、固定用ボルトが長くなると取付けによる固有振動数が低下する。これを回避するため前記貫通穴段付部10を、貫通孔9の直径の1倍から5倍の厚さの位置に設ける。
このように構成した振動センサを軸受けに取り付ける時は、振動検出方向の1つに方向を合わせて軸受け部に雌ねじを加工し、この上に振動センサのセンサ取付け面6を置き、他の振動検出方向に振動センサの取付け角度を合わせた状態で、固定用の六角穴付ボルト9を締め付ける。これにより、スペーサ無しで、正確に任意の方向の振動検出が可能となる。
図2は本発明による振動センサの他の実施例を示す構造図である。図において、図1と同一の構成要素は同一の符号で示されている。図1に示した振動センサでは、中央部に直径大の貫通穴8があることにより、プリント基板・電池等の収納部7のスペースが減少するだけでなく、中央部に邪魔な柱ができることによる使い勝手の悪さがある。
図2に示した振動センサは、このような問題点を解消したものであり、図1におけるセンサケース4を分割下部ベースプレート12と分割上部保護ケース13に分割し、分割上下部接合ボルト14で接合するように構成されている。振動センサを軸受けに固定するときは、分割上部保護ケース13の無い状態で、図1の振動センサと同様に固定用の六角穴付ボルト9を締め付け、その後、分割下部ベースプレート13に分割上部保護ケース13を分割上下接合ボルト14で接合する。
The vibration sensor configured as described above can detect vibrations in two or more directions with a single sensor, and therefore has a larger volume and weight than a conventional vibration sensor. The natural frequency due to mounting decreases. In order to avoid this, the through hole stepped portion 10 is provided at a position 1 to 5 times the diameter of the through hole 9.
When mounting the vibration sensor configured in this way on the bearing, align the direction to one of the vibration detection directions and machine a female screw on the bearing part, place the sensor mounting surface 6 of the vibration sensor on this, and detect other vibrations The hexagon socket head bolt 9 for fixing is tightened with the mounting angle of the vibration sensor adjusted to the direction. As a result, vibration in any direction can be accurately detected without a spacer.
FIG. 2 is a structural view showing another embodiment of the vibration sensor according to the present invention. In the figure, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the vibration sensor shown in FIG. 1, since the through-hole 8 having a large diameter is provided in the central portion, not only the space of the storage portion 7 for the printed circuit board / battery and the like is reduced, but an obstructive pillar is formed in the central portion. There is inconvenience.
The vibration sensor shown in FIG. 2 solves such a problem. The sensor case 4 in FIG. 1 is divided into a divided lower base plate 12 and a divided upper protective case 13 and joined with divided upper and lower joining bolts 14. Is configured to do. When the vibration sensor is fixed to the bearing, the hexagon socket head cap screw 9 is tightened in the same manner as the vibration sensor of FIG. 1 without the divided upper protective case 13, and then the divided upper protective case is attached to the divided lower base plate 13. 13 is joined with the divided upper and lower joining bolts 14.
本発明による振動センサは、ボルト締め固定にも関わらず、任意の方向に振動検出方向を合わせて取付けることが可能となり、1つのセンサで2方向以上の振動を検出することが可能となった。
また分割構造センサでは、直径大の貫通穴が無くなることにより、プリント基板や電池収納効率が上がること、および電池交換が容易になるという効果がある。
The vibration sensor according to the present invention can be mounted with the vibration detection direction aligned in an arbitrary direction regardless of bolt fastening, and can detect vibrations in two or more directions with one sensor.
Further, in the divided structure sensor, since there is no through hole having a large diameter, there is an effect that the printed circuit board and the battery housing efficiency are increased and the battery can be easily replaced.
1・・・X方向振動検出素子、
2・・・Y方向振動検出素子、
3・・・Z方向振動検出素子、
4・・・センサケース、
5・・・ベースプレート、
6・・・センサ取付け面、
7・・・収納部、
8、9・・・貫通孔、
10・・・貫通孔段付部、
11・・・六角穴付ボルト
12・・・分割下部ベースプレート、
13・・・分割上部保護ケース、
14・・・分割上下部接合ボルト
1 ... X-direction vibration detecting element,
2 ... Y direction vibration detecting element,
3 ... Z direction vibration detecting element,
4 ... Sensor case,
5 ... Base plate,
6 ... Sensor mounting surface,
7: Storage part,
8, 9 ... through holes,
10 ... through hole stepped portion,
11 ... Hexagon socket head cap screw 12 ... Split lower base plate,
13 ... Split upper protective case,
14 ... Split upper and lower joint bolts
Claims (3)
前記振動検出素子取付け面に取付けられる複数の振動検出素子と、
前記センサケースを振動検出対象物にボルトで締め付け固定するために、前記センサ取付け面のほぼ中央に設けられ、その長さが直径の1〜5倍の貫通孔と、を有し、
振動検出方向の1つに方向を合わせて前記振動検出対象物に雌ねじを加工し、この雌ねじ上に前記センサ取付け面を置き、他の振動検出方向に取付け角度を合わせた状態で、前記ボルトで締め付け固定されることを特徴とする振動センサ。 The X direction vibration detection element, the Y direction vibration detection element, and the Z direction vibration detection element orthogonal to the axial direction are set to be parallel to or orthogonal to at least two vibration detection element mounting surfaces and one of the vibration detection directions. A sensor case having a storage part for storing a sensor mounting surface, a printed circuit board, a battery, and the like;
A plurality of vibration detection elements attached to the vibration detection element mounting surface;
In order to fasten and fix the sensor case to a vibration detection object with a bolt, the sensor case is provided at substantially the center of the sensor mounting surface, and has a through hole whose length is 1 to 5 times the diameter,
A thread is formed on the vibration detection object in accordance with one of the vibration detection directions, the sensor mounting surface is placed on the female screw, and the mounting angle is adjusted in the other vibration detection direction. A vibration sensor characterized by being fastened and fixed.
3. The vibration sensor according to claim 2, wherein two or three directions of vibration detection element mounting surfaces perpendicular to each other are provided on a side of the divided sensor case where the sensor mounting surface is formed. Vibration sensor.
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CN104395725A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-03-04 | Skf公司 | Method and arrangement of measuring a mechanical bearing oscillation |
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JP2006505771A (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2006-02-16 | フアーク・クーゲルフイツシエル・アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Vibration monitor for machine elements |
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CN104395725A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2015-03-04 | Skf公司 | Method and arrangement of measuring a mechanical bearing oscillation |
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