JP2008311651A - 半導体光電子増倍器の構造 - Google Patents
半導体光電子増倍器の構造 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000098 azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-n-(methoxymethyl)acetamide;2,6-dinitro-n,n-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COC)C(=O)CCl.CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CVOFKRWYWCSDMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2018—Scintillation-photodiode combinations
- G01T1/20182—Modular detectors, e.g. tiled scintillators or tiled photodiodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2018—Scintillation-photodiode combinations
- G01T1/20184—Detector read-out circuitry, e.g. for clearing of traps, compensating for traps or compensating for direct hits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1463—Pixel isolation structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
- H01L27/14658—X-ray, gamma-ray or corpuscular radiation imagers
- H01L27/14663—Indirect radiation imagers, e.g. using luminescent members
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/107—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes
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Abstract
【解決手段】半導体光電子増倍器(SSPM)(53)はその内部に光学的分離構造(86)を含む。SSPM(53)は、サブストレート(82)と、該サブストレート(82)上に位置決めされたエピタキシャルダイオード層(84)と、を含む。複数のアバランシェフォトダイオード(APD)(62)がエピタキシャルダイオード層(84)上に製作されており、かつ光学的分離構造(86)は複数のAPDの各々を隣接するAPDから分離するように該複数のAPD(62)の周りに位置決めされている。光学的分離構造(86)は、SSPM(53)内で光学的クロストーク及び暗計数率を低減するように、光吸収材料(88)と光反射材料(88)の少なくとも一方をその内部に被着させて包含する。
【選択図】図7
Description
12 ガントリ
14 X線源
15 検出器アセンブリ
16 X線ビーム
17 レール
18 コリメータアセンブリ
19 コリメーション用ブレード
20 検出器モジュール
22 患者
26 制御機構
28 X線制御装置
30 ガントリモータ制御装置
32 データ収集システム(DAS)
34 画像再構成装置
36 コンピュータ
38 大容量記憶デバイス
40 コンソール
42 陰極線管ディスプレイ
44 テーブルモータ制御装置
46 テーブル
48 ガントリ開口
50 シンチレータ素子
51 パック
52 ピン
53 フォトセンサ
54 多層式サブストレート
55 スペーサ
56 フレックス回路
57 サブストレート表面
58 シンチレータ
59 ピクセル
62 アバランシェフォトダイオード(APD)、マイクロセル
64 導電性グリッド
66 有効エリア
67 金属光遮蔽/陰極
68 抵抗器
69 陰極接点
70 ビア
71 P+陽極
73 Nインプラント
75 N+ガード
80 ヘテロ構造サブストレート
82 基本サブストレート
84 エピタキシャルダイオード層
85 二酸化ケイ素薄膜
86 光学的分離構造
88 被着させた材料
100 小包/手荷物検査システム
102 回転可能ガントリ
104 開口
106 高周波電磁エネルギー源
108 検出器アセンブリ
110 コンベアシステム
112 コンベアベルト
114 構造
116 被検物
Claims (10)
- サブストレート(82)と、
前記サブストレート(82)上に位置決めされたエピタキシャルダイオード層(84)と、
前記エピタキシャルダイオード層(84)上に製作された複数のアバランシェフォトダイオード(APD)(62)と、
前記複数のAPDの各々を隣接するAPDから分離するために該複数のAPD(62)の周りに位置決めされた、光吸収材料(88)と光反射材料(88)の少なくとも一方をその内部に被着して包含する光学的分離構造(86)と、
を備える半導体光電子増倍器(53)。 - 前記複数のAPD(62)の各々はさらに有効エリアシリコン層(66)を含む、請求項1に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記光学的分離構造(86)は前記有効エリアシリコン層(66)を隣接する有効エリアシリコン層(66)から隔絶させるように構成された分離トレンチ格子(86)を備える、請求項2に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記分離トレンチ格子(86)はエピタキシャルダイオード層(84)内に形成されている、請求項3に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記分離トレンチ格子(86)は10〜25マイクロメートルの間の深さを有するように構成されている、請求項3に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記光吸収材料(88)と光反射材料(88)の少なくとも一方はさらに、ドープしたポリシリコン、金属及び有機材料のうちの1つを含む、請求項1に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記エピタキシャルダイオード層(84)は10〜20マイクロメートルの間の厚さを有するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記複数のAPD(62)は少なくとも1つのピクセル(59)を形成している、請求項1に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- さらに、前記複数のAPD(62)が発生させた電荷を合成し、前記少なくとも1つのピクセル(59)の各々から単一の電気信号を出力するように構成された導電性格子(64)を備える請求項8に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
- 前記複数のAPD(62)はGeigerモードで動作するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の半導体光電子増倍器(53)。
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US11/763,550 US7652257B2 (en) | 2007-06-15 | 2007-06-15 | Structure of a solid state photomultiplier |
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