JP2008275035A - Steam valve for steam turbine - Google Patents

Steam valve for steam turbine Download PDF

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JP2008275035A
JP2008275035A JP2007117923A JP2007117923A JP2008275035A JP 2008275035 A JP2008275035 A JP 2008275035A JP 2007117923 A JP2007117923 A JP 2007117923A JP 2007117923 A JP2007117923 A JP 2007117923A JP 2008275035 A JP2008275035 A JP 2008275035A
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steam
valve
temperature
treatment
pack
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Hiroto Nakazawa
寛人 中澤
Kyozo Iwao
恭三 岩尾
Satoshi Kondo
聡 近藤
祐一 ▲高▼橋
Yuichi Takahashi
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steam valve suppressing a problem of creep deformation caused by difference of leading expansion coefficient with a matrix material and deformation by residual stress at welding and capable of being normally operated by retaining anti-oxidation and anti-friction property at a slide part under the high temperature steam condition. <P>SOLUTION: In the steam valve used for the steam turbine having a steam temperature of 600°C or higher, a coating by Cr pack treatment is formed on the slide parts. The slide parts applied with the Cr pack treatment include an inner surface of a bushing 4 for guiding a valve rod 1, an outer surface of the valve rod 1 contacted with the inner surface of the bushing 4, an inner surface of a sleeve 5 for guiding a valve element 2, and an outer surface of the valve element 2 contacted with the inner surface of the sleeve 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、蒸気タービン用蒸気弁に係り、特に、蒸気温度が600℃以上の蒸気タービンに用いられる耐酸化性・耐摩耗性に優れた摺動部を有する蒸気タービン用蒸気弁に関する。   The present invention relates to a steam valve for a steam turbine, and more particularly to a steam valve for a steam turbine having a sliding portion excellent in oxidation resistance and wear resistance used for a steam turbine having a steam temperature of 600 ° C. or higher.

火力発電プラントの蒸気タービン発電設備には、蒸気流量の制御機能を有する蒸気弁が設けられる。主な蒸気弁は、主蒸気止め弁,蒸気加減弁,再熱蒸気止め弁,インターセプト弁である。   A steam turbine power generation facility of a thermal power plant is provided with a steam valve having a steam flow rate control function. The main steam valves are a main steam stop valve, a steam control valve, a reheat steam stop valve, and an intercept valve.

例えば、蒸気加減弁は、弁棒と弁棒に連動する弁体を軸方向に作動させ、弁の開度を変化させることで蒸気流量の調整機能を有する。一連の動作の中で、弁棒はバルブスタンド内部に設置されたブッシュを、弁体はスリーブをそれぞれガイドとして作動する。弁棒及び弁体は軸方向に対して直交方向には固定されていないので、蒸気力による振動により摺動を繰り返すことになる。また、他の蒸気弁においても各部位の形状の差はあるが、類似の構造となっている。   For example, the steam control valve has a function of adjusting the steam flow rate by operating the valve rod and a valve body linked to the valve rod in the axial direction to change the opening of the valve. In a series of operations, the valve rod operates with a bush installed inside the valve stand, and the valve body operates with the sleeve as a guide. Since the valve stem and the valve body are not fixed in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction, the sliding is repeated by vibration caused by the steam force. In addition, the other steam valves have similar structures although there are differences in the shape of each part.

これまでの火力発電プラントでは、一般に主蒸気温度538℃又は566℃の条件下で運用され、この温度条件下における蒸気弁摺動部への耐酸化性(酸化スケール生成の抑制),耐摩耗性(高温硬さの向上)処理の検討が行われている。   Conventional thermal power plants are generally operated under the main steam temperature of 538 ° C or 566 ° C, and the oxidation resistance to the steam valve sliding part (suppression of oxide scale generation) and wear resistance under this temperature condition. (Improvement of high-temperature hardness) Processing is being studied.

弁体とスリーブ,弁棒とブッシュなどの摺動部における間隙は蒸気漏洩防止と蒸気力による振動防止のため微小なものとなっているが、この間隙に高温蒸気が流入すると酸化スケールが生成し、時間の経過と共に摺動部に堆積することで固着の要因となる。これを抑制するため、従来の蒸気条件下(538℃又は566℃)では、摺動部表面(ブッシュなどの静止部)にステライト肉盛り溶接又はステライト製ブッシュの挿入が施されている。ステライトはコバルトを主成分とし、30%程度のクロム,4〜15%のタングステンを含有する合金で、耐摩耗性に優れた材料として広く知られているが、コバルトを多く含んでいるので耐酸化性にも高い特性を持っている。また、一般にクロム含有量が高い合金材も高い耐酸化特性を有している。他の耐酸化用の施工法として、ステライトと同様、耐酸化,耐摩耗性に優れたクロムカーバイド溶射がある。溶射の施工法は溶射ガンにより母材に粒子(コーティング材)を噴出させるものであるのでブッシュやスリーブなどの円筒形状の内径面には施せない。   The gaps in the sliding parts such as the valve body and sleeve, and the valve stem and bush are very small to prevent steam leakage and vibration due to steam force. However, when high-temperature steam flows into this gap, oxide scales are generated. As the time passes, it accumulates on the sliding part and becomes a cause of sticking. In order to suppress this, under conventional steam conditions (538 ° C. or 566 ° C.), stellite build-up welding or insertion of a stellite bush is applied to the surface of the sliding part (stationary part such as a bush). Stellite is an alloy containing cobalt as the main component, about 30% chromium, and 4-15% tungsten, and is widely known as a material with excellent wear resistance. It also has high characteristics. In general, alloy materials having a high chromium content also have high oxidation resistance. Another oxidation-resistant construction method is chromium carbide thermal spraying, which is excellent in oxidation resistance and wear resistance, like stellite. Since the spraying method involves spraying particles (coating material) onto the base material by a spray gun, it cannot be applied to cylindrical inner diameter surfaces such as bushes and sleeves.

蒸気弁摺動部には耐酸化性と同時に耐摩耗性も要求されるが、ステライトによる処理もしくはクロムカーバイド溶射が難しい部位については、耐摩耗性対策として、窒化処理が広く用いられている。窒化処理は500〜600℃の温度条件下で母材表面に窒素を浸透させ窒化鉄の硬化層を生成させる技術である。窒化処理は利便性が高く比較的低コストであるので様々な施工法で広く用いられている。   The steam valve sliding portion is required to have wear resistance as well as oxidation resistance, but nitriding treatment is widely used as a wear resistance measure for portions where treatment with stellite or chromium carbide spraying is difficult. Nitriding is a technique for generating a hardened layer of iron nitride by infiltrating nitrogen into the surface of the base material at a temperature of 500 to 600 ° C. Nitriding is convenient and has a relatively low cost, so it is widely used in various construction methods.

尚、耐エロージョン対策としてCrパック処理を施したものとして、特許文献1(蒸気タービンノズル翼)や特許文献2(蒸気タービン用主蒸気止め弁)に記載のものがある。   In addition, there exist a thing as described in patent document 1 (steam turbine nozzle blade) and patent document 2 (main steam stop valve for steam turbines) which performed Cr pack processing as an anti-erosion countermeasure.

特開昭60−243263号公報JP-A-60-243263 特開昭61−201965号公報JP-A-61-201965

近年、エネルギー問題等の観点から火力発電プラント及びその設備に対する高効率化が求められている。このような高効率化への需要の高まりを受け、蒸気温度600℃以上の火力発電プラントが建設され、同時に蒸気弁においても性能の改善及び向上が図られている。   In recent years, there has been a demand for higher efficiency for thermal power plants and facilities from the viewpoint of energy problems and the like. In response to such an increase in demand for higher efficiency, a thermal power plant having a steam temperature of 600 ° C. or higher has been constructed, and at the same time, the performance and improvement of the steam valve are being improved.

酸化スケール生成の抑制,耐摩耗を目的とするステライト処理は長時間運転を行うと、蒸気温度の高温化に伴って、母材(例えば、クロム−モリブデン−タングステン−バナジウム鋼,9%クロム鋼,12%クロム鋼,インコロイ(ニッケル−クロム−鉄が主成分)などの合金)とステライトとの線膨張係数差によるクリープ変形、溶接時の残留応力による変形が問題となってくる。また、窒化処理は、600℃の高温蒸気条件下で長時間使用すると、酸化スケールの生成量が増大し、さらに高温硬さも蒸気温度の上昇と共に減少して行き軟化する傾向にある。このように、600℃以上の高温蒸気条件下において、窒化処埋の効果はほとんど失われてしまうことになる。摺動部における酸化スケールの生成,摩耗及び変形などの蒸気弁の動作不調要因となる。   When the stellite treatment for the purpose of suppressing the formation of oxide scale and wear resistance is performed for a long time, the base material (for example, chromium-molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium steel, 9% chromium steel, Creep deformation due to the difference in linear expansion coefficient between 12% chromium steel, incoloy (alloys such as nickel-chromium-iron) and stellite, and deformation due to residual stress during welding become problems. Further, when the nitriding treatment is used for a long time under a high-temperature steam condition of 600 ° C., the amount of oxide scale generated increases, and the high-temperature hardness also tends to decrease and soften as the steam temperature increases. Thus, under the high temperature steam condition of 600 ° C. or higher, the effect of nitriding treatment is almost lost. It becomes a cause of malfunction of the steam valve such as generation, wear and deformation of oxide scale in the sliding part.

尚、特許文献1や特許文献2は、飛来微粒子によるエロージョンのためにCrパック処理を施したもので、本発明の適用対象である摺動部には飛来微粒子によるエロージョンの問題を考慮する必要がないことから、Crパック処理の蒸気弁摺動部への適用については考慮されていない。   Note that Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are subjected to Cr pack treatment for erosion caused by flying fine particles, and it is necessary to consider the problem of erosion caused by flying fine particles in the sliding portion to which the present invention is applied. Therefore, the application of the Cr pack treatment to the steam valve sliding portion is not considered.

本発明は、母材との先膨張係数差によるクリープ変形,溶接時の残留応力による変形の問題を抑制し、高温蒸気条件下で、摺動部における耐酸化,耐摩耗性を保持し正常に作動できる蒸気弁を提供することにある。   The present invention suppresses the problems of creep deformation due to the difference in coefficient of expansion from the base metal and deformation due to residual stress during welding, and maintains oxidation resistance and wear resistance at the sliding part under high temperature steam conditions. It is to provide a steam valve that can operate.

本発明は、高温蒸気条件下(蒸気温度600℃以上)で用いられる蒸気弁の摺動部にCrパック処埋を施すことを特徴とする。   The present invention is characterized in that Cr pack treatment is applied to a sliding portion of a steam valve used under high-temperature steam conditions (steam temperature of 600 ° C. or higher).

Crパック処理は、浸炭処理を行った材料をクロム,酸化アルミニウム、及び塩化アンモニウムの粉末中に埋没させ高温熱処埋(これをクロマイジング処理という)し、その後調質処理を行うことで、母材表面に高い耐酸化特性と硬さを有するクロムカーバイド層を形成するもので、この一連の処理をCrパック処理と称する。   The Cr pack treatment is carried out by burying the carburized material in chromium, aluminum oxide, and ammonium chloride powders and performing high-temperature heat treatment (this is called chromizing treatment), followed by tempering treatment. A chromium carbide layer having high oxidation resistance and hardness is formed on the surface of the material, and this series of processes is referred to as a Cr pack process.

Crパック処理は、12Cr鋼の場合、常温硬さ1550HV,高温(600℃)硬さ1100HVと高温でも高硬度を維持しているため、蒸気弁の摺動部に施した場合、耐摩耗性を向上させることができる。また、耐酸化特性においても800℃くらいまでは酸化増量は非常に小さいため、摺動部の耐酸化特性を向上させることができる。このように、本発明では、蒸気弁摺動部にCrパック処理を適用することにより、従来温度以上の高温蒸気条件下において耐酸化,高温硬さについて有効な特性が得られ、酸化スケールの生成防止,摺動による摩耗量の減少が期待でき、蒸気弁の動作不調を防止できる。   The Cr pack treatment has a hardness of 1550 HV at normal temperature and 1100 HV at high temperature (600 ° C.) in the case of 12Cr steel, and maintains high hardness even at high temperatures. Can be improved. In addition, in terms of oxidation resistance, the increase in oxidation is very small up to about 800 ° C., so that the oxidation resistance of the sliding portion can be improved. In this way, in the present invention, by applying the Cr pack treatment to the steam valve sliding portion, effective characteristics regarding oxidation resistance and high temperature hardness can be obtained under high temperature steam conditions higher than the conventional temperature, and the generation of oxide scale Prevention and reduction of wear due to sliding can be expected, and malfunction of the steam valve can be prevented.

以下、本発明の実施形態を説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

本発明が適用される蒸気弁の例として、蒸気加減弁の弁体周辺部の構造を図1に示す。蒸気加減弁は弁棒1と弁棒1に連動する弁体2を軸方向に作動させ、弁の開度を変化させることで蒸気流量の調整機能を有する。一連の動作の中で、弁棒1はバルブスタンド3内部に設置されたブッシュ4を、弁体2はスリーブ5をそれぞれガイドとして作動する。弁棒1及び弁体2は軸方向に対して直交方向には固定されていないので、蒸気力による振動により摺動を繰り返すことになる。また、他の蒸気弁においても各部位の形状の差はあるが、類似の構造となっている。   As an example of the steam valve to which the present invention is applied, the structure of the peripheral part of the valve body of the steam control valve is shown in FIG. The steam control valve has a function of adjusting the steam flow rate by operating the valve rod 1 and the valve body 2 linked to the valve rod 1 in the axial direction and changing the opening of the valve. In a series of operations, the valve rod 1 operates with the bush 4 installed inside the valve stand 3, and the valve body 2 operates with the sleeve 5 as a guide. Since the valve stem 1 and the valve body 2 are not fixed in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, the sliding is repeated by vibration due to steam force. In addition, the other steam valves have similar structures although there are differences in the shape of each part.

蒸気弁の各摺動部を構成する材料として、クロム−モリブデン−タングステン−バナジウム鋼,9%クロム鋼,12%クロム鋼,インコロイ(ニッケル−クロム−鉄が主成分)が使用されている。これらの合金は耐食,耐熱性を有する合金で蒸気タービン発電設備の高温用部材として頻繁に使用されている。   Chrome-molybdenum-tungsten-vanadium steel, 9% chrome steel, 12% chrome steel, and incoloy (mainly nickel-chromium-iron) are used as materials constituting each sliding portion of the steam valve. These alloys are corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant alloys and are frequently used as high-temperature members for steam turbine power generation facilities.

Crパック処理を適用する部位は、蒸気弁の摺動部であるが、Crパックを施した表面は非常に硬く、加工性が悪くなるので、図1に示すように、ブッシュ,スリーブ,弁体,弁棒の実際に摺動する面にのみ処理する。またCrパック処理を施さない部位については浸炭防止剤を塗布し、母材表面での反応が起きないように考慮する。   The part to which the Cr pack treatment is applied is the sliding part of the steam valve, but the surface to which the Cr pack is applied is very hard and the workability deteriorates, so as shown in FIG. , Process only the actual sliding surface of the valve stem. In addition, a carburizing inhibitor is applied to a portion where the Cr pack treatment is not performed, and consideration is given so that no reaction on the surface of the base material occurs.

次に製法について説明する。まず母材処理面を洗浄するためホーニング作業を行った後、図2に示すように母材6を反応容器7内の浸炭剤8に埋没させ、約1000〜1200℃で一定時間熱処理し、炉冷,空冷を行う。その後、浸炭処理面の洗浄,保護のための処理を行い浸炭処理が完了する。浸炭剤には木炭粉末に炭酸バリウムを混合したものを使用する。この処理により約100〜200μmの浸炭層が形成できる。   Next, a manufacturing method is demonstrated. First, after performing a honing operation for cleaning the base material processing surface, the base material 6 is buried in the carburizing agent 8 in the reaction vessel 7 as shown in FIG. 2 and heat-treated at about 1000 to 1200 ° C. for a certain time, Cool and air cool. Thereafter, the carburized surface is cleaned and protected to complete the carburizing process. As the carburizing agent, charcoal powder mixed with barium carbonate is used. By this treatment, a carburized layer of about 100 to 200 μm can be formed.

次にクロマイジング処理を行う。浸炭層を形成した母材に再度ホーニング作業を行った後、図3に示すようにクロム,酸化アルミニウム,塩化アンモニウムの粉末剤からなるCrパック剤9中に埋没させ、約1050〜1250℃で一定時間熱処理を行う。このときの加熱雰囲気はアルゴンガス雰囲気とする。その後クロマイジング処理面の洗浄,保護のための処理を行い、クロマイジング処理が完了する。この処理により約20〜30μmのクロムカーバイド層が形成できる。   Next, a chromizing process is performed. After performing the honing operation again on the base material on which the carburized layer is formed, as shown in FIG. 3, it is buried in a Cr pack agent 9 made of a powder of chromium, aluminum oxide, and ammonium chloride, and is constant at about 1050 to 1250 ° C. Perform time heat treatment. The heating atmosphere at this time is an argon gas atmosphere. Thereafter, cleaning and protection of the chromizing treatment surface are performed, and the chromizing treatment is completed. By this treatment, a chromium carbide layer of about 20 to 30 μm can be formed.

クロマイジング処理後、調質処理として真空雰囲気下にて約1000〜1200℃で焼き入れ、約600〜800℃で焼き戻し処理を行う。最後にホーニング作業を行い、一連のCrパック処理工程が終了となる。   After the chromizing treatment, a tempering treatment is performed by quenching at about 1000 to 1200 ° C. in a vacuum atmosphere and tempering at about 600 to 800 ° C. Finally, a honing operation is performed, and a series of Cr pack processing steps are completed.

尚、浸炭処理,Crパック,焼き入れ,焼き戻しの各工程での処理時間は製品毎に異なり、Crパック処理による形成層の厚みは処理時間及び処理温度に依存する。   In addition, the processing time in each process of a carburizing process, Cr pack, quenching, and tempering differs for every product, and the thickness of the formation layer by Cr pack processing is dependent on processing time and processing temperature.

蒸気タービン用加減弁弁体周辺とCrパック処理の適用部位を示す図。The figure which shows the application part of the control valve valve periphery for steam turbines, and Cr pack processing. 浸炭処理状況を示す図。The figure which shows the carburizing process condition. クロマイジング処理状況を示す図。The figure which shows the chromizing process condition.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 弁棒
2 弁体
3 バルブスタンド
4 ブッシュ
5 スリーブ
6 母材
7 反応容器
8 浸炭剤
9 Crパック剤
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Valve stem 2 Valve body 3 Valve stand 4 Bush 5 Sleeve 6 Base material 7 Reaction vessel 8 Carburizing agent 9 Cr pack agent

Claims (2)

蒸気温度が600℃以上の蒸気タービンに用いられる蒸気弁であって、摺動部にCrパック処理によるコーティングを形成したことを特徴とする蒸気タービン用蒸気弁。   A steam valve for a steam turbine, which is used in a steam turbine having a steam temperature of 600 ° C. or more, wherein a coating by Cr pack treatment is formed on a sliding portion. 請求項1において、前記Crパック処理が施される摺動部は、弁棒をガイドするブッシュの内面,ブッシュ内面と接触する弁棒外面,弁体をガイドするスリーブの内面,スリーブ内面と接触する弁体外面であることを特徴とする蒸気タービン用蒸気弁。   2. The sliding portion to which the Cr pack treatment is applied contacts the inner surface of the bush that guides the valve stem, the outer surface of the valve rod that contacts the inner surface of the bush, the inner surface of the sleeve that guides the valve body, and the inner surface of the sleeve. A steam valve for a steam turbine, wherein the steam valve is an outer surface of a valve body.
JP2007117923A 2007-04-27 2007-04-27 Steam valve for steam turbine Pending JP2008275035A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011241864A (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-12-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Flow control valve of cathode gas and method of manufacturing the same
JP2014238143A (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-18 株式会社東芝 Valve device and valve device manufacturing method
CN111396580A (en) * 2019-08-29 2020-07-10 浙江中控技术股份有限公司 Double-guide high-temperature molten salt regulating valve

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5986761A (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-19 Hitachi Ltd Steam valve
JPS61201965A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-09-06 Hitachi Ltd Anticorrosive steam valve

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5986761A (en) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-19 Hitachi Ltd Steam valve
JPS61201965A (en) * 1985-03-04 1986-09-06 Hitachi Ltd Anticorrosive steam valve

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011241864A (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-12-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd Flow control valve of cathode gas and method of manufacturing the same
JP2014238143A (en) * 2013-06-07 2014-12-18 株式会社東芝 Valve device and valve device manufacturing method
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