JP2008169359A - Solid fuel - Google Patents

Solid fuel Download PDF

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JP2008169359A
JP2008169359A JP2007006270A JP2007006270A JP2008169359A JP 2008169359 A JP2008169359 A JP 2008169359A JP 2007006270 A JP2007006270 A JP 2007006270A JP 2007006270 A JP2007006270 A JP 2007006270A JP 2008169359 A JP2008169359 A JP 2008169359A
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solid fuel
oil
powder
waste
biomass
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JP5188716B2 (en
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Yoshimasa Muraoka
義正 村岡
Norimasa Nishijima
規允 西島
Kazushi Izumi
一志 和泉
Hiroyuki Takano
博幸 高野
Makoto Kyoda
誠 鏡田
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid fuel hardly sticking to a pipeline without changing so much the mixing ratio of oil sludge to biomass in the solid fuel utilizing the biomass and the oil sludge. <P>SOLUTION: The solid fuel is composed of a mixture of 100 pts.mass of a crushed material of a waste Tatami mat with 50-100 pts.mass of a waste wire saw oil and 5-50 pts.mass of powder having about ≤2 mm average particle diameter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、バイオマスと油泥とを利用した固体燃料に関するもので、特に管路に対する付着性を改善したバイオマスと油泥とを利用した固体燃料に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a solid fuel using biomass and oil mud, and more particularly to a solid fuel using biomass and oil mud with improved adhesion to pipes.

シリコンウエハーは、半導体ディバイスや太陽光電池等の部材として有用であり、その需要は年々増大しつつある。かかるシリコンウエハーは、高純度シリコンの結晶体からウエハー状に切り出すことにより製造されるが、切断機の性能等の観点から、近年においてはワイヤソーによる切り出しが主流になりつつある。   Silicon wafers are useful as members for semiconductor devices, solar cells and the like, and their demand is increasing year by year. Such a silicon wafer is manufactured by cutting into a wafer form from a crystal of high-purity silicon, but in recent years, cutting with a wire saw is becoming mainstream from the viewpoint of the performance of a cutting machine.

このワイヤソーによる切り出しにおいては、切削用媒体として、通常平均粒径10〜50μmの炭化珪素研削粒と鉱油又は水溶液とを含有するワイヤソーオイルが用いられる。このワイヤソーオイルは、使用を繰り返すことにより研削粒の摩耗、シリコン削分の増加等により、切削能力が低下し、使用できなくなる。
そして、このように使用できなくなった廃ワイヤソーオイルは、現在においては、その大部分が焼却され、産業廃棄物として処理されている。
In the cutting with this wire saw, a wire saw oil containing silicon carbide abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 μm and mineral oil or an aqueous solution is usually used as a cutting medium. The wire saw oil cannot be used because its cutting ability is reduced due to wear of abrasive grains, an increase in silicon scraping, etc. due to repeated use.
And now, most of the waste wire saw oil that can no longer be used is incinerated and treated as industrial waste.

ここで、上記した廃ワイヤソーオイルは、高いエネルギーを有するため、産業廃棄物として焼却処分せずに、燃料として有効利用することが期待される。
しかし、廃ワイヤソーオイル等のいわゆる油泥は、高い粘稠性を有しているものや、常温で流動性がないものや、固形分が沈降分離し固着するものなどがあるため、管路を介した輸送時等におけるハンドリング性が悪く、そのままでは燃料としての取り扱いが困難である。
Here, since the above-mentioned waste wire saw oil has high energy, it is expected to be effectively used as fuel without being incinerated as industrial waste.
However, so-called oil mud such as waste wire saw oil has high viscosity, has no fluidity at room temperature, or has solid content that settles and settles. The handling property during transportation is poor, and handling as a fuel is difficult as it is.

そこで、近年欧州では、原油スラッジ等の油泥を単独で燃料として用いるのではなく、該油泥とおが屑等のバイオマスとを混合して固体燃料とし、セメントキルンで代替燃料として使用することが提案され、また我が国でも、同様な固体燃料の製造方法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1,2,3等)。   Therefore, in recent years, in Europe, oil sludge such as crude oil sludge is not used alone as a fuel, but it is proposed that the oil mud and biomass such as sawdust are mixed to form a solid fuel and used as an alternative fuel in a cement kiln. In Japan, similar solid fuel production methods have been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).

特開昭54−39401号公報JP-A-54-39401 特開2002−323213号公報JP 2002-323213 A 特開2006−169376号公報JP 2006-169376 A

しかしながら、油泥とおが屑、廃畳等のバイオマスとを混合した固体燃料にあっても、管路を介してセメントキルン等に圧送して燃料として使用する場合に、管路に固体燃料が徐々に付着し、管路が閉塞する場合があった。
特に、シリコンウエハーの切り出しに使用された廃ワイヤソーオイルを使用した場合には、その傾向が特に顕著に現れ、管路に対する付着性の改善が強く望まれていた。
However, even in the case of solid fuel that is a mixture of oil mud and sawdust, waste tatami, etc., solid fuel gradually adheres to the pipeline when it is pumped through a pipeline to a cement kiln and used as fuel. However, there was a case where the pipeline was blocked.
In particular, when the waste wire saw oil used for cutting out the silicon wafer is used, the tendency is particularly remarkable, and improvement of adhesion to the pipe line has been strongly desired.

ここで、固体燃料の付着性の原因は、粘稠性を有する油泥の存在にあることは明らかであることから、バイオマスに対する油泥の混合比を下げることが考えられるが、この方法による場合には、油泥の消費量が低下し、廃棄物である油泥の利用促進の観点から好ましくない。また、油泥の混合比を下げた固体燃料は、その発熱量が低下するため、燃料としても好ましくない。   Here, it is clear that the cause of the adhesion of the solid fuel is the presence of viscous oil mud, so it is conceivable to reduce the mixing ratio of oil mud to biomass. The consumption of oil mud is reduced, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of promoting the use of oil mud as waste. Also, a solid fuel with a reduced oil mud mixing ratio is not preferable as a fuel because its calorific value is reduced.

本発明は、上述した背景技術が有する課題に鑑み成されたものであって、その目的は、バイオマスと油泥とを利用した固体燃料において、バイオマスに対する油泥の混合比をさほど変化させることなく、管路に付着し難い固体燃料を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the background art described above, and the object of the present invention is to use a solid fuel that uses biomass and oil mud without changing the mixing ratio of oil mud to biomass so much. An object of the present invention is to provide a solid fuel that hardly adheres to a road.

本発明者等は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、驚くべきことに所定粒径の粉体を添加することによって、固体燃料の管路に対する付着性を大幅に改善できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
すなわち、本発明は、以下の〔1〕〜〔5〕に記載の固体燃料を提供するものである。 〔1〕 バイオマスと油泥と平均粒径2mm以下の粉体との混合物からなる固体燃料。
〔2〕 バイオマス100質量部、油泥50〜100質量部、および粉体5〜50質量部の混合物からなる前記〔1〕の固体燃料。
〔3〕 前記バイオマスが、廃畳の破砕物、木材チップ、木粉、おが屑、紙屑のいずれか一種以上である前記〔1〕又は〔2〕の固体燃料。
〔4〕 前記油泥が、廃ワイヤソーオイルである前記〔1〕〜〔3〕のいずれかの固体燃料。
〔5〕 前記粉体が、廃白土、肉骨粉、フライアッシュのいずれか一種以上である前記〔1〕〜〔4〕のいずれかの固体燃料。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have surprisingly found that by adding a powder having a predetermined particle size, it is possible to significantly improve the adhesion of solid fuel to a pipe line. Completed the invention.
That is, this invention provides the solid fuel as described in the following [1]-[5]. [1] A solid fuel comprising a mixture of biomass, oil mud, and powder having an average particle size of 2 mm or less.
[2] The solid fuel according to [1] above, comprising a mixture of 100 parts by mass of biomass, 50 to 100 parts by mass of oil mud, and 5 to 50 parts by mass of powder.
[3] The solid fuel according to [1] or [2], wherein the biomass is at least one of waste crushed material, wood chips, wood flour, sawdust, and paper waste.
[4] The solid fuel according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the oil mud is waste wire saw oil.
[5] The solid fuel according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the powder is at least one of waste clay, meat and bone powder, and fly ash.

上記した本発明に係る固体燃料は、理由は定かではないが、所定粒径の粉体の存在によって圧送の際における管路への付着を大幅に低減でき、管路の閉塞を防止することができる。
このため、従来においては付着性が高いために固体燃料への利用が困難であった油泥、例えば廃ワイヤソーオイル等も、その利用が可能となり、かかる廃棄油泥の利用促進をはかることができる。
Although the reason for the solid fuel according to the present invention described above is not clear, the presence of powder having a predetermined particle size can greatly reduce adhesion to the pipeline during pumping and prevent blockage of the pipeline. it can.
For this reason, it is possible to use oil mud, such as waste wire saw oil, which has been difficult to use as a solid fuel due to its high adhesion, and the use of waste oil mud can be promoted.

以下、上記した本発明に係る固体燃料について、詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the solid fuel according to the present invention will be described in detail.

〔バイオマス〕
本発明で用いるバイオマスの例としては、畳(使用済みの廃畳)の破砕物、木材チップ(例えば、建設廃木材の破砕物)、木粉、おが屑、紙屑等が挙げられる。なお、バイオマスとは、燃料等として利用可能な、生物由来の有機質資源(ただし、化石燃料を除く。)の総称である。
〔biomass〕
Examples of biomass used in the present invention include crushed tatami (used waste tatami), wood chips (for example, crushed construction waste timber), wood flour, sawdust, and paper waste. Biomass is a general term for biologically derived organic resources (excluding fossil fuels) that can be used as fuel.

上記畳の破砕物の材料となる廃畳は、植物性の材料を少なくとも部分的に含むものであればよく、具体的には、稲藁を畳床の材料とする本畳のみならず、ポリスチレンフォーム板(ポリスチレン樹脂組成物に発泡剤を添加して膨張させて形成した板状の成形体)およびインシュレーションボード(例えば、湿式法では、木材を水中で解砕し、接着剤等を加えて抄造した後、乾燥して形成された軟質繊維板)を畳床の材料とする建材畳や、稲藁、ポリスチレンフォーム板を畳床の材料とする藁サンド畳も含む。
上記木材チップは、最大粒径(篩の残分が5質量%以内となる目開き寸法)が5mmを超え、10mm以下である木材の破砕物または粉砕物をいう。
上記木粉とは、最大粒径(篩の残分が5質量%以内となる目開き寸法)が5mm以下である木材の粉砕物をいう。
また、上記おが屑は、通常、0.5〜5mm程度の粒度分布を有するものである。上記紙屑としては、例えばシュレッダー切断物等が挙げられる。
The waste tatami used as the material of the crushed tatami mat may be any material as long as it contains at least a part of plant material. Foam plates (plate-shaped molded bodies formed by adding a foaming agent to a polystyrene resin composition and expanding) and insulation boards (for example, in the wet method, wood is crushed in water, and adhesives are added. Also included are building material tatami mats, which are made from a soft fiberboard that has been dried after being made, and tatami flooring materials, and paddy sand tatami mats, which are made from rice straw and polystyrene foam plates.
The above-mentioned wood chip refers to a crushed or crushed product of wood having a maximum particle size (mesh size with a sieve residue within 5% by mass) exceeding 5 mm and 10 mm or less.
The above-mentioned wood powder refers to a pulverized product of wood having a maximum particle size (a mesh size with a sieve residue within 5% by mass) of 5 mm or less.
The sawdust usually has a particle size distribution of about 0.5 to 5 mm. As said paper waste, a shredder cutting thing etc. are mentioned, for example.

上記バイオマスの平均粒径(篩の残分が50質量%以内となる目開き寸法)は、0.5mm以上であることが好ましい。これは、該平均粒径が0.5mm未満では、粒子系全体が微細化するため流動性、分散性が低下し、油泥のハンドリング性の向上等の効果を得ることが困難となる。
また、上記バイオマスの最大粒径(篩の残分が5質量%以内となる目開き寸法)は、10mm以下、好ましくは5mm以下、より好ましくは3mm以下である。これは、該最大粒径が10mmを超えると、例えばセメントキルンのバーナーで使用する場合、火炎(フレーム)を形成しにくく、燃料が着地した後も燃焼を継続するため、セメントクリンカーの品質を低下させるおそれがある。該最大粒径を5mm以下とすれば、着地燃焼する粒体の割合が少なくなり、固体燃料の使用割合を大きくすることができるので好ましい。
It is preferable that the average particle size of the biomass (aperture size such that the sieve residue is within 50% by mass) is 0.5 mm or more. When the average particle size is less than 0.5 mm, the entire particle system is miniaturized, so that fluidity and dispersibility are lowered, and it is difficult to obtain effects such as improvement of oil mud handling properties.
Further, the maximum particle size of the biomass (a mesh size in which the remainder of the sieve is within 5% by mass) is 10 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 3 mm or less. When the maximum particle size exceeds 10 mm, for example, when used in a burner of a cement kiln, it is difficult to form a flame (frame), and combustion continues even after the fuel has landed. There is a risk of causing. If the maximum particle size is 5 mm or less, the proportion of particles that land and burn is reduced, and the proportion of solid fuel used can be increased, which is preferable.

〔油 泥〕
本発明において用いる油泥としては、廃ワイヤソーオイル、オイルスラッジ(例えば重油スラッジ、原油スラッジ等)、廃油再生残渣(廃油を蒸留設備等を用いて再生した後に残る残渣)、廃切削油、廃研削油、廃研磨油、廃塗料、廃インク、廃溶剤、グリース、廃植物油、廃食用油、脱粉体有機汚泥等の油性物質等の単独、或いはこれらの二種以上の混合物を挙げることができるが、中でも、シリコンウエハーの切り出しに使用された廃ワイヤソーオイルは、本発明において好適に用いられる。
これは、半導体ディバイスや太陽光電池等の部材として有用であるシリコンウエハーの需要の増大から、その切断に使用された廃ワイヤソーオイルは近年大量に発生しており、その処理が急務になっていると共に、固体燃焼の油泥として該廃ワイヤソーオイルを用いた場合には、特に管路に対する付着性が高く、その改善が強く望まれているためである。
[Oil mud]
The oil mud used in the present invention includes waste wire saw oil, oil sludge (for example, heavy oil sludge, crude oil sludge, etc.), waste oil regeneration residue (residue that remains after waste oil is regenerated using a distillation facility, etc.), waste cutting oil, waste grinding oil , Waste polishing oil, waste paint, waste ink, waste solvent, grease, waste vegetable oil, waste edible oil, degreasing organic sludge and other oily substances, or a mixture of two or more of these. Among them, waste wire saw oil used for cutting out a silicon wafer is preferably used in the present invention.
This is because, due to the increasing demand for silicon wafers that are useful as components for semiconductor devices and solar cells, a large amount of waste wire saw oil has been generated in recent years. This is because, when the waste wire saw oil is used as the solid combustion oil mud, the adhesion to the pipe line is particularly high, and the improvement is strongly desired.

〔粉 体〕
本発明において用いる粉体は、平均粒径2mm以下の粉体である。平均粒径が2mmを超える粉体を添加しても、比表面積の増大効果、ベアリング機能等が発揮され難いためか、固体燃料の付着性低減効果が十分に認められない。かかる観点から、平均粒径1000μm以下の粉体がより好ましい。
なお、上記粉体の平均粒径は、レーザー回折散乱法(マイクロトラック法)により求めたものである。
〔powder〕
The powder used in the present invention is a powder having an average particle diameter of 2 mm or less. Even if a powder having an average particle size exceeding 2 mm is added, the effect of increasing the specific surface area, the bearing function, etc. are hardly exhibited, so that the effect of reducing the adhesion of solid fuel is not sufficiently observed. From this viewpoint, a powder having an average particle size of 1000 μm or less is more preferable.
The average particle diameter of the powder is determined by a laser diffraction scattering method (microtrack method).

本発明において用いる粉体としては、廃白土、肉骨粉、フライアッシュ、廃トナー、廃プラスチック粉末、重油灰、微粉炭、活性炭粉末、紙粉、有機蒸留残渣粉末等を挙げることができるが、中でも、廃白土および肉骨粉は、近年、その有効的な利用方法の出現が強く望まれていると共に、高い発熱量を有しているために好ましく用いられる。また、フライアッシュは、球状であることから流動性があり、また多孔質であるために油分を吸収する作用を果たし、更に摩耗性が強いため、配管内に付着した固体燃料が成長する前に削り落とす掃除効果も期待できるために、本発明において好ましく用いられる。   Examples of the powder used in the present invention include waste clay, meat and bone powder, fly ash, waste toner, waste plastic powder, heavy oil ash, pulverized coal, activated carbon powder, paper powder, and organic distillation residue powder. In recent years, waste clay and meat-and-bone meal are preferably used because of their strong demand for the emergence of their effective utilization methods and high calorific value. Since fly ash is spherical, it has fluidity, and since it is porous, it acts to absorb oil, and because it is highly wear-resistant, before solid fuel attached to the pipe grows. Since the cleaning effect of scraping off can also be expected, it is preferably used in the present invention.

上記廃白土は、油の精製工程において脱色や不純物の除去に使用された白土で、多くの油成分を含んでおり、平均粒径300μm程度の粒径を有する粉体である。本発明では、油分を含む廃白土をそのまま使用することも可能であり、加熱処理を施し、油分を除去したものを使用することも可能である。
上記肉骨粉は、家畜から肉を取ったあとに残る骨や内臓などを加熱処理して脂肪を取り除き、圧縮乾燥させ、さらに粉砕したもので、従来は主に家畜の配合飼料に使われていたが、狂牛病(BSE)伝染の原因とされ、近年においては焼却による無害化処理が模索されているものである。
上記フライアッシュは、微粉炭燃焼ボイラーの煙道ガスから集塵機で採取された微少な灰の粒子であって、通常、数μmから数十μm程度の球形である。
The waste clay is white clay used for decolorization and removal of impurities in the oil refining process, and contains many oil components, and is a powder having an average particle size of about 300 μm. In the present invention, it is possible to use waste clay containing oil as it is, and it is also possible to use heat-treated and removed oil.
The above meat-and-bone meal is obtained by heat-treating bones and internal organs remaining after removing meat from livestock, removing fat, compressing and drying, and then pulverizing. However, it is considered to be the cause of Mad Cow Disease (BSE) infection, and in recent years, detoxification treatment by incineration is being sought.
The fly ash is a fine ash particle collected from a flue gas of a pulverized coal combustion boiler by a dust collector, and is usually a spherical shape of about several μm to several tens of μm.

〔配合割合〕
上記各材料の配合割合は、バイオマス100質量部に対して、油泥50〜100質量部、粉体5〜50質量部が適当である。
これは、油泥の配合量が50質量部未満では、廃棄油泥の利用促進の観点、また得られる固体燃料の発熱量の観点から好ましくない。逆に油泥の配合量が100質量部を超えると、得られる固体燃料の粒子表面に多くの油が残留し、粉体を混合したとしてもその付着性を改善することが困難であるためである。かかる観点から、油泥の配合割合は、バイオマス100質量部に対して、50〜100質量部が好ましく、60〜70質量部が特に好ましい。
一方、粉体の配合量が5質量部未満では、得られる固体燃料の付着性を改善する効果が顕著に認めらない。逆に50質量部を超える粉体を配合すると、灰分が増加し燃料品位を落とすことになるので好ましくない。かかる観点から、粉体の配合割合は、5〜50質量部が好ましく、10〜20質量部が特に好ましい。
[Combination ratio]
The mixing ratio of the above materials is suitably 50 to 100 parts by mass of oil mud and 5 to 50 parts by mass of powder with respect to 100 parts by mass of biomass.
This is not preferable if the blended amount of oil mud is less than 50 parts by mass from the viewpoint of promoting utilization of waste oil mud and the amount of heat generated from the obtained solid fuel. Conversely, if the blended amount of oil mud exceeds 100 parts by mass, a large amount of oil remains on the surface of the resulting solid fuel particles, and even if powder is mixed, it is difficult to improve its adhesion. . From this viewpoint, the blending ratio of the oil mud is preferably 50 to 100 parts by mass and particularly preferably 60 to 70 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the biomass.
On the other hand, when the blending amount of the powder is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of improving the adhesion of the obtained solid fuel is not remarkably recognized. On the other hand, if powder exceeding 50 parts by mass is blended, the ash content increases and the fuel quality is lowered. From this viewpoint, the blending ratio of the powder is preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 20 parts by mass.

〔混 合〕
上記各材料の混合は、一つの混合機に各材料を投入し、同時に混合してもよく、また、先ず油泥と粉体とを混合し、該油泥と粉体との混合物をバイオマスと混合することとしてもよく、また、先ずバイオマスと油泥とを混合し、該バイオマスと油泥との混合物に粉体を混合することとしてもよく、更には、先ずバイオマスと粉体とを混合し、該バイオマスと粉体との混合物に油泥を混合することとしてもよい。すなわち、混合はどの順番で行ってもよいが、粉体のベアリング効果を発揮させる観点からは、バイオマスと油泥の混合後に、粉体を該混合物に混合することが好ましい。
〔mixture〕
The above materials may be mixed by putting each material in one mixer and mixing them at the same time. First, oil mud and powder are mixed, and the mixture of oil mud and powder is mixed with biomass. Alternatively, the biomass and the oil mud may be mixed first, and the powder may be mixed with the mixture of the biomass and the oil mud. Furthermore, the biomass and the powder are first mixed, Oil mud may be mixed with the powder mixture. That is, the mixing may be performed in any order, but from the viewpoint of exerting the bearing effect of the powder, it is preferable to mix the powder into the mixture after mixing the biomass and the oil mud.

上記バイオマスと油泥と粉体との混合操作により、得られる固体燃料は、その管路への付着性が大幅に改善されたものとなる。
この理由は定かではないが、粉体を添加することで比表面積が増大し、油泥の吸収能力が向上したためと考えられ、また添加した粉体がベアリング機能を果たし、剥離性が向上したためとも考えられる。さらに、粉体を混合することにより固体燃料のかさ密度が増大し、付着物を剥ぎ取る作用が生じているとも考えられる。
By the mixing operation of the biomass, the oil mud, and the powder, the solid fuel obtained has greatly improved adhesion to the pipeline.
The reason for this is not clear, but it is thought that the addition of powder increased the specific surface area and improved the ability to absorb oil mud, and the added powder fulfilled the bearing function and improved releasability. It is done. Furthermore, it is considered that the bulk density of the solid fuel is increased by mixing the powder, and the action of stripping off deposits is generated.

なお、上記混合操作に際して、可燃性ガスの揮発が懸念される場合は、空気を混合機内に導入し、混合物から揮発する可燃性ガスを、爆発あるいは火災を起こさない濃度まで希釈させながら行うことが好ましい。
例えば、油泥として廃ワイヤソーオイルを用いた場合には、該廃ワイヤソーオイルとバイオマス等を混合すると、廃ワイヤソーオイルから水素が発生し、該水素に混合機の回転部等で発生した火花が引火し、爆発を起こす危険がある。そこで、空気を混合機内に導入し、発生した水素の濃度を爆発を起こさない濃度、即ち爆発下限濃度である4%未満まで希釈させながら混合操作を行うことが好ましい。
If there is a concern about volatilization of combustible gas during the above mixing operation, air may be introduced into the mixer, and the combustible gas that volatilizes from the mixture may be diluted to a concentration that does not cause an explosion or fire. preferable.
For example, when waste wire saw oil is used as oil mud, when the waste wire saw oil and biomass are mixed, hydrogen is generated from the waste wire saw oil, and sparks generated in the rotating part of the mixer are ignited by the hydrogen. Risk of explosion. Therefore, it is preferable to perform the mixing operation while introducing air into the mixer and diluting the generated hydrogen concentration to a concentration at which explosion does not occur, that is, lower than the explosion lower limit concentration of 4%.

また、混合機は、単に攪拌羽根が設けられているものではなく、その混合容器自体をも回転する構造のものを使用することが好ましい。これは、油泥のように粘稠性の高い材料とバイオマス等のかさ密度の低い材料とを良好に混合できると共に、容器が回転することにより揮発した可燃性ガスが流動し、容器の一部に溜まることがなく、導入された空気によって容易かつ確実に希釈させられるためである。
このような容器自体をも回転する構造の混合機としては、アイリッヒ社製のインテンシブミキサー等が挙げられる。
Moreover, it is preferable to use a mixer that is not simply provided with stirring blades but also has a structure that rotates the mixing container itself. This is because a highly viscous material such as oil mud and a low bulk density material such as biomass can be mixed well, and the combustible gas that has volatilized by the rotation of the container flows and flows into a part of the container. This is because it does not accumulate and can be easily and reliably diluted by the introduced air.
Examples of the mixer having such a structure that also rotates the container itself include an intensive mixer manufactured by Eirich.

〔固体燃料の使用方法〕
上記混合操作により、バイオマスと油泥と粉体との混合物からなる本発明に係る固体燃料が得られる。この固体燃料は、その管路への付着性が低いため、管路を介して焼成炉内に該固体燃料を圧送し、燃料として好適に用いることができる。
ここで、焼成炉としては、クリンカを製造するためのセメントキルンや、生石灰や軽量骨材を焼成するためのキルン等が挙げられる。
[How to use solid fuel]
By the above mixing operation, the solid fuel according to the present invention comprising a mixture of biomass, oil mud and powder is obtained. Since this solid fuel has low adhesion to the pipeline, it can be suitably used as a fuel by pumping the solid fuel into the firing furnace via the pipeline.
Here, examples of the firing furnace include a cement kiln for producing a clinker and a kiln for firing quick lime and lightweight aggregate.

〔実施の形態〕
次に、図面を参照しつつ、本発明に係る固体燃料の製造設備、および製造した固体燃料の使用設備の一実施の形態を説明する。
図1は、固体燃料の製造設備、およびその固体燃料を使用するセメントキルンを概念的に示した図である。
Embodiment
Next, an embodiment of a solid fuel production facility and a manufactured solid fuel use facility according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram conceptually illustrating a solid fuel production facility and a cement kiln using the solid fuel.

図示したように、先ず、所定の方法で計量された1バッチ分の廃畳Aは、破砕機1に投入され、5cm以下の長さを有する破砕物の割合が80質量%以上の破砕物に破砕される。そして、得られた廃畳Aの破砕物は、コンベヤー2によって搬送され、ホッパー3に貯留される。   As shown in the figure, first, one batch of waste tatami mat A weighed by a predetermined method is put into the crusher 1, and the proportion of crushed material having a length of 5 cm or less is reduced to 80% by mass or more. It is crushed. The obtained crushed material of the waste tatami A is conveyed by the conveyor 2 and stored in the hopper 3.

ホッパー3に貯留された1バッチ分の廃畳Aの破砕物(約200kg)は、混合機(アイリッヒ社製のアイリッヒミキサー)4に1バッチ分の油泥(廃ワイヤソーオイル約200kg)Xと共に投入され、先ず所定時間(約1分間)攪拌混合される。続いて、混合機4の投入口より粉体(約20kg)Pが添加され、引続き所定時間(約2分間)攪拌混合される。この間、混合機4内には、所定量(最大約20m3 /min)の空気が導入され、混合物から発生する可燃性ガス(水素)を、爆発を起こさない濃度まで希釈させながら混合操作が行われる。 One batch of waste tatami A crushed material (approx. 200 kg) stored in the hopper 3 is fed into a mixer (Eirich mixer manufactured by Eirich) together with one batch of oil mud (waste wire saw oil approx. 200 kg) X. First, the mixture is stirred and mixed for a predetermined time (about 1 minute). Subsequently, powder (about 20 kg) P is added from the charging port of the mixer 4, and the mixture is stirred and mixed for a predetermined time (about 2 minutes). During this time, a predetermined amount (up to about 20 m 3 / min) of air is introduced into the mixer 4, and the mixing operation is performed while diluting the combustible gas (hydrogen) generated from the mixture to a concentration that does not cause an explosion. Is called.

上記混合操作によって、廃畳Aの破砕物と、廃ワイヤソーオイルXと、粉体Pとの混合物からなる固体燃料Yとなる。混合機4より排出された固体燃料Yは、その下流に設置された解砕機5で解砕され、コンベヤー6によって上方に搬送され、ドラム磁選機7で異物が除去され、トロンメル8でその粒度が整えられ、貯留タンク9に貯留される。   By the above mixing operation, a solid fuel Y made of a mixture of waste tatami A crushed material, waste wire saw oil X, and powder P is obtained. The solid fuel Y discharged from the mixer 4 is crushed by a pulverizer 5 installed downstream thereof, conveyed upward by a conveyor 6, foreign matters are removed by a drum magnetic separator 7, and the particle size of the solid fuel Y is reduced by a trommel 8. It is arranged and stored in the storage tank 9.

この貯留タンク9には、所定量(最大約30m3 /min)の空気が導入され、固体燃料Yから発生する可燃性ガス(水素)を、爆発を起こさない濃度まで希釈させながら貯留が行われる。このような状態で貯留された固体燃料Yは、計量器10で計量され、セメントキルン11の主燃料である微粉炭に代えて、或いは微粉炭と併用して、バーナー12に向かって空気圧送され、バーナー12の燃料噴射口からセメントキルン11内に投入される。 A predetermined amount (up to about 30 m 3 / min) of air is introduced into the storage tank 9, and storage is performed while diluting the combustible gas (hydrogen) generated from the solid fuel Y to a concentration that does not cause an explosion. . The solid fuel Y stored in such a state is measured by the meter 10 and is pneumatically fed toward the burner 12 instead of or in combination with the pulverized coal that is the main fuel of the cement kiln 11. The fuel is injected into the cement kiln 11 from the fuel injection port of the burner 12.

セメントキルン11内に投入された固体燃料Yは、バーナー12からの炎によって、炉底に着地する前に短時間で完全燃焼し、固体燃料Yの燃焼残渣は、クリンカの成分の一部となる。一方、ドラム磁選機7、トロンメル8で排除された固体燃料Y中の異物等は、セメントキルン11の窯尻より投入され、燃料として使用されると共に、その残渣はクリンカの成分の一部となる。   The solid fuel Y introduced into the cement kiln 11 is completely burned in a short time before landing on the furnace bottom by the flame from the burner 12, and the combustion residue of the solid fuel Y becomes a part of the components of the clinker. . On the other hand, the foreign matter or the like in the solid fuel Y removed by the drum magnetic separator 7 and the trommel 8 is input from the kiln bottom of the cement kiln 11 and used as fuel, and the residue becomes a part of the clinker component. .

以上、本発明に係る固体燃料の製造設備、および製造した固体燃料の使用設備の一実施の形態を説明したが、本発明は、何ら既述の実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
特に、粉体の混合位置及び混合順序は、何ら上記の実施の形態に限定されず、例えば、上記混合機4の前に別の混合機を設置し、該混合機によって、廃畳Aの破砕物と粉体P、或いは廃ワイヤソーオイルXと粉体Pとを予め混合することとしてもよい。
As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the production facility of the solid fuel and the use facility of the produced solid fuel according to the present invention has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment.
In particular, the mixing position and mixing order of the powder are not limited to those in the above embodiment. For example, another mixer is installed in front of the mixer 4, and the waste tatami A is crushed by the mixer. Goods and powder P or waste wire saw oil X and powder P may be mixed in advance.

1.使用材料
〔1〕バイオマス
本畳の破砕物を用いた。本畳の破砕物は、次の方法にて調整した。
一軸式破砕機(ロストルの目開き:15mm)を用いて本畳を破砕し、平均粒径が0.5mm以上であり、かつ、目開き寸法が10mmである篩の残分が5質量%以下である本畳の破砕物を調製した。
〔2〕油泥
表1に記載した成分組成の廃ワイヤソーオイルを用いた。

Figure 2008169359
〔3〕粉体
粉体として、肉骨粉、廃白土、フライアッシュの3種類を用いた。
肉骨粉は、分級することにより、平均粒径100μm程度(規定内のなかで小粒群)、平均粒径2000μm程度(規定内で中粒群)、平均粒径2200μm程度(規定より大粒群)の3種類を用意した。廃白土は、平均粒径300μm程度であった。フライアッシュは、平均粒径20μm程度であった。 1. Materials used [1] Biomass A crushed tatami mat was used. The crushed tatami mat was prepared by the following method.
The main tatami mat is crushed using a single-screw crusher (roast opening: 15 mm), and the balance of the sieve having an average particle size of 0.5 mm or more and an opening size of 10 mm is 5% by mass or less. A crushed material of this tatami mat was prepared.
[2] Oil mud Waste wire saw oil having the composition described in Table 1 was used.
Figure 2008169359
[3] Powder As the powder, three types of meat-and-bone meal, waste white clay, and fly ash were used.
By classifying the meat-and-bone meal, the average particle size is about 100 μm (small particle group within the specification), the average particle size is about 2000 μm (medium particle group within the specification), and the average particle size is about 2200 μm (large particle group from the specification). Three types were prepared. The waste clay was about 300 μm in average particle size. The fly ash had an average particle size of about 20 μm.

2.固体燃料の製造
上記バイオマス、油泥及び粉体を表2に示した種々の配合割合で混合し、固体燃料を製造した。
なお、混合は、小型アイリッヒミキサー(20L)を用いて、先ずバイオマスと油泥とを1分間混合し、得られた混合物に粉体を投入して2分間混合することにより行った。
2. Production of solid fuel The biomass, oil mud and powder were mixed at various blending ratios shown in Table 2 to produce a solid fuel.
The mixing was performed by first mixing the biomass and the oil mud for 1 minute using a small Eirich mixer (20 L), and adding the powder to the resulting mixture and mixing for 2 minutes.

3.固体燃料の付着量
上記製造した各固体燃料について、その付着量を測定した。
付着量の測定は、直径120mm、長さ150mmのステンレス製円筒状容器(容量:1.7L)に試料を100g投入し、該円筒状容器を軸芯を中心として46rpmの回転数で20分間回転させ、容器内壁に付着する試料の重量を測定することにより行った。
なお、試料は、製造後(混合後)の固体燃料から製造直後に採取した。
付着量の測定結果を表2に併記する。

Figure 2008169359
3. Amount of solid fuel deposited The amount of solid fuel deposited was measured for each of the produced solid fuels.
For the measurement of the amount of adhesion, 100 g of a sample was put into a stainless steel cylindrical container (capacity: 1.7 L) having a diameter of 120 mm and a length of 150 mm, and the cylindrical container was rotated at a rotation speed of 46 rpm for 20 minutes around the axis. And measuring the weight of the sample adhering to the inner wall of the container.
The sample was collected immediately after production from the solid fuel after production (after mixing).
The measurement results of the adhesion amount are also shown in Table 2.
Figure 2008169359

4.まとめ
上記した実施例等から、バイオマスと油泥と所定粒径(2mm以下)の粉体との混合物からなる本発明に係る固体燃料は、その付着量が著しく低減していることが分かった。また、バイオマスと油泥との配合割合によっても左右されるが、概ねバイオマスと油泥とを最適な配合割合とした場合には、粉体の配合割合は5〜50質量部(上限は、付着性以外の灰分増加等の燃料品位を考慮して)が適当であることが分かった。
この本実施例で示された効果は、当然に実機にスケールアップした場合にも有効と考えられ、本発明に係る固体燃料は、圧送の際における管路への付着を大幅に低減でき、管路の閉塞を防止することができることが分かった。
4). Summary From the above-mentioned Examples and the like, it was found that the solid fuel according to the present invention composed of a mixture of biomass, oil mud and powder having a predetermined particle size (2 mm or less) has a markedly reduced adhesion amount. In addition, although it depends on the blending ratio of biomass and oil mud, the blending ratio of the powder is 5 to 50 parts by mass (the upper limit is other than adhesiveness) when the optimum blending ratio of biomass and oil mud is used. In consideration of fuel quality such as increase in ash content), it was found to be appropriate.
The effect shown in this embodiment is naturally considered to be effective even when scaled up to an actual machine, and the solid fuel according to the present invention can greatly reduce the adhesion to the pipe line at the time of pumping. It has been found that blockage of the road can be prevented.

本発明に係る固体燃料の製造設備、および製造した固体燃料を使用するセメントキルンを概念的に示した図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is the figure which showed notionally the cement kiln which uses the manufacturing apparatus of the solid fuel which concerns on this invention, and the manufactured solid fuel.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 破砕機
2 コンベヤー
3 ホッパー
4 混合機
5 解砕機
6 コンベヤー
7 ドラム磁選機
8 トロンメル
9 貯留タンク
10 計量器
11 セメントキルン
12 バーナー
A 廃畳
X 油泥
P 粉体
Y 固体燃料
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Conveyor 3 Hopper 4 Mixer 5 Crusher 6 Conveyor 7 Drum magnetic separator 8 Trommel 9 Storage tank 10 Meter 11 Cement kiln 12 Burner A Waste tatami X Oil mud P Powder Y Solid fuel

Claims (5)

バイオマスと油泥と平均粒径2mm以下の粉体との混合物からなることを特徴とする、固体燃料。   A solid fuel comprising a mixture of biomass, oil mud, and powder having an average particle diameter of 2 mm or less. バイオマス100質量部、油泥50〜100質量部、および粉体5〜50質量部の混合物からなることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to claim 1, comprising a mixture of 100 parts by mass of biomass, 50 to 100 parts by mass of oil mud, and 5 to 50 parts by mass of powder. 上記バイオマスが、廃畳の破砕物、木材チップ、木粉、おが屑、紙屑のいずれか一種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の固体燃料。   3. The solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the biomass is at least one of waste crushed material, wood chips, wood flour, sawdust, and paper waste. 上記油泥が、廃ワイヤソーオイルであることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the oil mud is waste wire saw oil. 上記粉体が、廃白土、肉骨粉、フライアッシュのいずれか一種以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の固体燃料。   The solid fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the powder is at least one of waste clay, meat-bone powder, and fly ash.
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JP2018168045A (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 宇部興産株式会社 Method for producing cement clinker and method for producing cement

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