JP2008100861A - Sapphire single crystal substrate and group iii nitride-based compound semiconductor - Google Patents

Sapphire single crystal substrate and group iii nitride-based compound semiconductor Download PDF

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JP2008100861A
JP2008100861A JP2006282841A JP2006282841A JP2008100861A JP 2008100861 A JP2008100861 A JP 2008100861A JP 2006282841 A JP2006282841 A JP 2006282841A JP 2006282841 A JP2006282841 A JP 2006282841A JP 2008100861 A JP2008100861 A JP 2008100861A
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single crystal
compound semiconductor
group iii
iii nitride
sapphire single
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Hiroshi Oyama
公士 大山
Takayuki Iino
貴幸 飯野
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sapphire single crystal substrate on whose surface a group III nitride-based compound semiconductor having improved crystallinity can be stacked; and to provide the group III nitride-based compound semiconductor obtained by using the substrate. <P>SOLUTION: The sapphire single crystal substrate is characterized in that the distribution of the variation of the lattice constant in the same plane of the sapphire crystal is within 0.002 Å. The group III nitride-based compound semiconductor is AlN, GaN or the like and expressed by general formula: Al<SB>x</SB>Ga<SB>y</SB>In<SB>1-x-y</SB>N (wherein, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1, and 0≤x+y≤1) and is used as a light-emitting element of an LED or the like. The group III nitride-based compound semiconductor is obtained by stacking on the sapphire single crystal substrate in which the distribution of the variation of the lattice constant in the same plane of the sapphire crystal is within 0.002 Å, and the obtained group III nitride-based compound semiconductor has uniform in-plane lattice constant and excellent crystallinity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、III族窒化物系化合物半導体の製造に用いられるサファイア単結晶基板に係り、特に、その面上に積層させて製造されるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の結晶性が向上するサファイア単結晶基板と、この基板を用いて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の改良に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a sapphire single crystal substrate used for manufacturing a group III nitride compound semiconductor, and more particularly, to a sapphire single crystal that improves the crystallinity of a group III nitride compound semiconductor manufactured by being laminated on the surface thereof. The present invention relates to improvement of a crystal substrate and a group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained using the substrate.

AlNやGaN等のIII族窒化物系化合物半導体は発光スペクトルが紫外から赤色の広範囲に亘る直接遷移型の半導体で、発光ダイオード(LED)やレーザダイオード(LD)等の発光素子に応用されている。このIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を積層して発光素子として用いる場合、通常、III族窒化物系化合物半導体と格子定数の近いサファイア単結晶が基板として用いられている。   Group III nitride compound semiconductors such as AlN and GaN are direct transition semiconductors whose emission spectrum covers a wide range from ultraviolet to red, and are applied to light emitting devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). . When the group III nitride compound semiconductor is stacked and used as a light emitting device, a sapphire single crystal having a lattice constant close to that of the group III nitride compound semiconductor is usually used as a substrate.

ところで、サファイア単結晶基板上に積層される上記III族窒化物系化合物半導体は、サファイア基板の結晶欠陥や結晶性を引き継いで成長するため、転位が多かったり面方位が揃っていない結晶性に劣るサファイア単結晶を基板として用いた場合、この基板上に積層されるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体も同様な結晶欠陥と結晶性を有してしまうことが知られている(例えば、磁性ガーネット膜に関する特許文献1参照)。そして、結晶欠陥を有するIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を発光素子として利用した場合、発光強度等の光学特性に劣る欠点があった。また、得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の結晶欠陥が多いことから、転位を原因とするピット等や結晶のひび割れ等の外観不良も増加してしまう欠点があった。
特公平8−5756号公報
By the way, the group III nitride compound semiconductor stacked on the sapphire single crystal substrate grows taking over the crystal defects and crystallinity of the sapphire substrate, and therefore has poor crystallinity with many dislocations and no uniform plane orientation. When a sapphire single crystal is used as a substrate, it is known that a group III nitride compound semiconductor laminated on the substrate also has similar crystal defects and crystallinity (for example, a magnetic garnet film). Patent Document 1). And when the group III nitride compound semiconductor which has a crystal defect is utilized as a light emitting element, there existed a fault inferior to optical characteristics, such as emitted light intensity. Further, since there are many crystal defects in the obtained group III nitride compound semiconductor, there is a defect that appearance defects such as pits caused by dislocations and crystal cracks increase.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-5756

本発明はこのような問題点に着目してなされたもので、その課題とするところは、その面上に積層させて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の結晶性が向上するサファイア単結晶基板と、この基板を用いて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and the problem is that a sapphire single crystal substrate in which the crystallinity of a group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained by being laminated on the surface is improved. Another object of the present invention is to provide a group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained using this substrate.

この課題を解決するため、本発明者等は、チョクラルスキー法により製造されたサファイア単結晶に関し、サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数の測定を行うと共に、その測定データに基づきIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の製造に適する基板の選別を行った。   In order to solve this problem, the inventors of the present invention relate to a sapphire single crystal manufactured by the Czochralski method, and measure the lattice constant in the same plane of the sapphire crystal, and based on the measurement data, a group III nitride The substrate suitable for the production of the compound semiconductor was selected.

この結果、サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であるサファイア単結晶を基板として用いた場合、その面上に積層させて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の結晶性が向上することを見出すに至った。本発明はこのような技術的発見に基づき完成されている。   As a result, when a sapphire single crystal having a lattice constant variation distribution within 0.002 mm within the same plane of the sapphire crystal is used as the substrate, the group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained by laminating on the plane is used. It came to discover that crystallinity improved. The present invention has been completed based on such technical findings.

すなわち、請求項1に係る発明は、
その面上にIII族窒化物系化合物半導体が積層されるサファイア単結晶基板を前提とし、
サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であることを特徴とし、
また、請求項2に係る発明は、
サファイア単結晶基板上に積層させて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を前提とし、
上記サファイア単結晶基板が請求項1に記載のサファイア単結晶基板で構成されていることを特徴とするものである。
That is, the invention according to claim 1
On the premise of a sapphire single crystal substrate on which a group III nitride compound semiconductor is laminated,
The distribution of lattice constant variation within the same plane of the sapphire crystal is within 0.002 mm,
The invention according to claim 2
Assuming a group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained by laminating on a sapphire single crystal substrate,
The sapphire single crystal substrate is constituted by the sapphire single crystal substrate according to claim 1.

請求項1に記載の発明に係るサファイア単結晶基板によれば、
サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であり、この条件を満たさない結晶性に劣るサファイア単結晶は上記基板から除外される。このため、請求項1のサファイア単結晶基板を適用することで、面内における格子定数が均一となる結晶性に優れたIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を得ることが可能となる。
According to the sapphire single crystal substrate according to the invention of claim 1,
The distribution of the lattice constant variation within the same plane of the sapphire crystal is within 0.002 mm, and the sapphire single crystal with poor crystallinity that does not satisfy this condition is excluded from the substrate. Therefore, by applying the sapphire single crystal substrate according to claim 1, it is possible to obtain a group III nitride compound semiconductor excellent in crystallinity with uniform in-plane lattice constant.

また、請求項2に記載の発明に係るIII族窒化物系化合物半導体によれば、
上記化合物半導体を積層するサファイア単結晶基板が請求項1に記載のサファイア単結晶基板で構成されているため、面内における格子定数が均一となってその結晶性に優れている。
According to the group III nitride compound semiconductor according to the invention of claim 2,
Since the sapphire single crystal substrate on which the compound semiconductor is laminated is composed of the sapphire single crystal substrate according to claim 1, the in-plane lattice constant is uniform and the crystallinity is excellent.

従って、転位によるピットやひび割れ等の外観不良が低減するため収率の向上が図れ、かつ、得られたIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を発光素子として利用した場合に発光強度等の光学特性を向上できる効果を有する。   Therefore, it is possible to improve the yield by reducing appearance defects such as pits and cracks due to dislocations, and to improve optical characteristics such as emission intensity when the obtained group III nitride compound semiconductor is used as a light emitting device. It has an effect that can be done.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

まず、本発明に係るサファイア単結晶基板は、サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数を測定し、測定結果に基づき選別されたサファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であるサファイア単結晶により構成されていることを特徴とし、また、本発明に係るIII族窒化物系化合物半導体は、サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であるサファイア単結晶基板上に積層させて得られることを特徴とする。   First, in the sapphire single crystal substrate according to the present invention, the lattice constant in the same plane of the sapphire crystal is measured, and the distribution of variation in the lattice constant in the same plane of the sapphire crystal selected based on the measurement result is within 0.002 mm. The group III nitride compound semiconductor according to the present invention has a lattice constant variation distribution within 0.002 cm in the same plane of the sapphire crystal. It is obtained by laminating on a sapphire single crystal substrate.

ここで、III族窒化物系化合物半導体とは、AlN、GaN、InNのような2元系、AlGa1−xN、AlIn1−xN、GaIn1−xN(いずれも0<x<1)のような3元系、AlGaIn1−x−yN(0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<x+y<1)の4元系を包括した、一般式AlGaIn1−x−yN(0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦x+y≦1)で表される化合物半導体をいう。尚、本明細書においては、特に断らない限り、単にIII族窒化物系化合物半導体と言う場合は、伝導型をp型あるいはn型にするための不純物がドープされたIII族窒化物系化合物半導体をも含んだ表現とする。これは窒化アルミニウムガリウム(AlGa1−xN, 0<x<1)についても同様とする。 Here, the group III nitride compound semiconductor is a binary system such as AlN, GaN, InN, Al x Ga 1-x N, Al x In 1-x N, Ga x In 1-x N (any even 0 <x <1) 3-way systems, such as, Al x Ga y in 1- x-y N (0 <x <1, 0 <y <1, 0 encompasses quaternary of <x + y <1) was refers to the general formula Al x Ga y in 1-x -y N (0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ x + y ≦ 1) is represented by the compound semiconductor. In the present specification, unless otherwise specified, the group III nitride compound semiconductor is simply referred to as a group III nitride compound semiconductor doped with an impurity for making the conductivity type p-type or n-type. An expression that also includes The same applies to aluminum gallium nitride (Al x Ga 1-x N, 0 <x <1).

また、本発明において適用されるサファイア単結晶の育成方法は任意であり、例えば、チョクラルスキー法、EFG法、Kyropolous法、ブリッジマン法、VGF法等で製造されたサファイア単結晶が適用される。例えば、チョクラルスキー法によって育成されたサファイア単結晶インゴットの肩部を切断して得られた直胴部を円筒研削し、次いで内周刃切断機またはワイヤーソーで所望の厚さに切断して得られるサファイア単結晶ウエハーが挙げられる。また、上記ウエハーのベべリング方法やポリッシュ方法も任意であり、酸化物単結晶の研磨において一般的に利用されている方法が適用される。   Further, the method for growing a sapphire single crystal applied in the present invention is arbitrary, and for example, a sapphire single crystal manufactured by the Czochralski method, EFG method, Kyropolous method, Bridgman method, VGF method or the like is applied. . For example, the straight body obtained by cutting the shoulder of a sapphire single crystal ingot grown by the Czochralski method is cylindrically ground, and then cut to a desired thickness with an inner peripheral cutting machine or a wire saw. Examples thereof include a sapphire single crystal wafer obtained. Further, the wafer beveling method and polishing method are arbitrary, and a method generally used in polishing an oxide single crystal is applied.

次に、サファイア単結晶の格子定数を測定する方法については特に限定されるものでなく、一般的に利用されているFewster法やBond法等が挙げられる。また、サファイア単結晶基板の選別は、c面サファイア単結晶の場合はa軸方向の格子定数の測定を行い、a面サファイア単結晶の場合はc軸方向の格子定数の測定を行うと共に、サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内である条件を満たすサファイア単結晶を選別すればよい。   Next, the method for measuring the lattice constant of the sapphire single crystal is not particularly limited, and commonly used Fewster method, Bond method, and the like can be mentioned. The selection of the sapphire single crystal substrate is carried out by measuring the lattice constant in the a-axis direction in the case of a c-plane sapphire single crystal, and measuring the lattice constant in the c-axis direction in the case of an a-plane sapphire single crystal. What is necessary is just to select the sapphire single crystal which satisfy | fills the conditions that the distribution of the dispersion | variation in the lattice constant within the same plane of a crystal is 0.002 cm or less.

また、上記サファイア単結晶基板におけるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の積層方法としては、例えば、有機金属気相結晶成長法(MOVPE法)、塩化物気相成長法(HVPE法)等が挙げられる。   Examples of the method for stacking the group III nitride compound semiconductor on the sapphire single crystal substrate include a metal organic vapor phase crystal growth method (MOVPE method) and a chloride vapor phase growth method (HVPE method).

以下、本発明の実施例を具体的に説明するが、本発明の技術的内容が実施例により何ら制限されるものではない。   Examples of the present invention will be specifically described below, but the technical contents of the present invention are not limited to the examples.

c面3インチサファイア単結晶ウエハーの面内における格子定数をFewster法により測定した。尚、測定した回折面は(006)面、(102)面を用い、かつ、15mmピッチでビームサイズ3×3mmにてサファイア面内を9点測定した。   The lattice constant in the plane of the c-plane 3 inch sapphire single crystal wafer was measured by the Fewster method. The diffracted surfaces measured were (006) plane and (102) plane, and 9 points in the sapphire plane were measured at 15 mm pitch and 3 × 3 mm beam size.

そして、測定した9点におけるa軸方向の格子定数のバラツキ分布が0.002Å以内である単結晶ウエハーをGaNのMOVPE成長用基板として用い評価した。
『MOVPE法によるGaN単結晶膜の育成と評価』
上記サファイア単結晶基板のc面上にMOVPE法にてアンドープGaNを成長させると共に、GaNが成長した4枚のサファイア単結晶基板について、その面内をX線回折装置を用い15mmピッチでビームサイズ3×3mmにてGaN(002)面のX線ロッキングカーブを9点測定し、平均値をその基板の値とした。結果を以下の表1に示す。
[比較例1]
実施例1と同様にして、c面3インチサファイア単結晶ウエハーの面内における格子定数をFewster法により測定し、測定したa軸方向の格子定数のバラツキ分布が0.002Åを越えるサファイア単結晶ウエハーを選別し、これをGaNのMOVPE成長用基板として用い評価した。
Then, a single crystal wafer having a variation distribution of lattice constants in the a-axis direction at 9 points measured within 0.002 cm was used and evaluated as a substrate for MOVPE growth of GaN.
"Growth and evaluation of GaN single crystal film by MOVPE method"
The undoped GaN is grown on the c-plane of the sapphire single crystal substrate by MOVPE, and the four sapphire single crystal substrates on which the GaN is grown have an in-plane X-ray diffractometer and a beam size of 3 with a 15 mm pitch Nine X-ray rocking curves of the GaN (002) plane were measured at × 3 mm, and the average value was taken as the value of the substrate. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[Comparative Example 1]
In the same manner as in Example 1, the in-plane lattice constant of a c-plane 3 inch sapphire single crystal wafer was measured by the Fewster method, and the distribution of the measured lattice constant in the a-axis direction exceeded 0.002 cm. Was selected and evaluated as a substrate for MOVPE growth of GaN.

そして、実施例1と同様にしてGaN(002)面のX線ロッキングカーブを9点測定し、平均値をその基板の値とした。この結果も以下の表1に示す。   Then, nine X-ray rocking curves of the GaN (002) plane were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the average value was taken as the value of the substrate. The results are also shown in Table 1 below.

Figure 2008100861
実施例1では、結晶性に優れたc面3インチサファイア単結晶がGaNのMOVPE成長用基板として適用されており、上記表1に示された数値から育成されたGaNの結晶性も良好であることが確認される。このことから、実施例1に係るサファイア単結晶基板を用いることにより発光効率の高いLED用GaNを育成できることが理解される。
Figure 2008100861
In Example 1, a c-plane 3 inch sapphire single crystal excellent in crystallinity is applied as a substrate for GaN MOVPE growth, and the crystallinity of GaN grown from the values shown in Table 1 is also good. That is confirmed. From this, it is understood that GaN for LED with high luminous efficiency can be grown by using the sapphire single crystal substrate according to Example 1.

これに対し、表1に示された数値から比較例1では、実施例1と比較しGaNの結晶性は大幅に低下していることが確認される。このことから、c面3インチサファイア単結晶におけるa軸方向の格子定数のバラツキ分布が0.002Åを越えるサファイア単結晶を基板として使用した場合、GaNの結晶性が低下するためLED用のGaNとして十分な発光強度を得られないことが理解される。   On the other hand, it is confirmed from the numerical values shown in Table 1 that in Comparative Example 1, the crystallinity of GaN is significantly reduced as compared with Example 1. From this, when using a sapphire single crystal whose lattice constant variation distribution in the a-axis direction of the c-plane 3 inch sapphire single crystal exceeds 0.002 mm as a substrate, the crystallinity of GaN deteriorates, so that GaN for LED is used. It will be understood that sufficient emission intensity cannot be obtained.

本発明に係るサファイア単結晶基板によれば結晶性に優れたIII族窒化物系化合物半導体を得ることが可能となる。このため、LEDの発光素子等として用いられるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体の製造用基板として利用される産業上の可能性を有している。また、本発明に係るIII族窒化物系化合物半導体は結晶性に優れており、LEDの発光素子等として用いられた場合にその発光強度を向上させることができるこのため、LEDの発光素子等として利用される産業上の可能性を有している。   According to the sapphire single crystal substrate according to the present invention, a group III nitride compound semiconductor excellent in crystallinity can be obtained. For this reason, it has the industrial possibility utilized as a board | substrate for manufacture of the group III nitride compound semiconductor used as a light emitting element etc. of LED. In addition, the group III nitride compound semiconductor according to the present invention is excellent in crystallinity and can improve the light emission intensity when used as a light emitting element of an LED. It has industrial potential to be used.

Claims (2)

その面上にIII族窒化物系化合物半導体が積層されるサファイア単結晶基板において、
サファイア結晶の同一面内における格子定数のバラツキの分布が0.002Å以内であることを特徴とするサファイア単結晶基板。
In a sapphire single crystal substrate on which a group III nitride compound semiconductor is laminated,
A sapphire single crystal substrate characterized in that the distribution of variation in lattice constant within the same plane of the sapphire crystal is within 0.002 mm.
サファイア単結晶基板上に積層させて得られるIII族窒化物系化合物半導体において、
上記サファイア単結晶基板が請求項1に記載のサファイア単結晶基板で構成されていることを特徴とするIII族窒化物系化合物半導体。
In a group III nitride compound semiconductor obtained by laminating on a sapphire single crystal substrate,
A group III nitride compound semiconductor, wherein the sapphire single crystal substrate is composed of the sapphire single crystal substrate according to claim 1.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011042560A (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-03-03 Shinshu Univ Method and equipment for producing sapphire single crystal
JP2013018678A (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-31 Shinshu Univ Crucible for growing crystal, and method for growing crystal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011042560A (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-03-03 Shinshu Univ Method and equipment for producing sapphire single crystal
JP2013018678A (en) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-31 Shinshu Univ Crucible for growing crystal, and method for growing crystal

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