JP2008091183A - Square battery and battery pack - Google Patents

Square battery and battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2008091183A
JP2008091183A JP2006270193A JP2006270193A JP2008091183A JP 2008091183 A JP2008091183 A JP 2008091183A JP 2006270193 A JP2006270193 A JP 2006270193A JP 2006270193 A JP2006270193 A JP 2006270193A JP 2008091183 A JP2008091183 A JP 2008091183A
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electrode terminal
battery
negative electrode
terminal
positive electrode
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Wataru Okada
渉 岡田
Kazunobu Yokoya
和展 横谷
Hideaki Aoki
英明 青木
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent short circuit electrode terminals effectively that have potential differences, while closely arranging the square batteries and connecting them by busbars. <P>SOLUTION: The square batteries are provided with a positive electrode terminal 12A and a negative electrode terminal 12B on an electrode face 11A, and furthermore, the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are arranged asymmetric with respect to the electrode face 11A. A battery pack is provided with a plurality of square batteries 11, where the electrode faces 11A having the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are set as identical surfaces and are arranged mutually close in a parallel attitude and busbars 13, 23 which connect the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B of the adjoining square batteries 11 and connect the square batteries in series. The square batteries 11 of this battery pack have the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B, arranged asymmetric with respect to the electrode face 11A. Furthermore, the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B of the square batteries 11 are connected by the busbars 13, 23, which are arranged in an inclined attitude with respect to the wide surface 11B of the square batteries 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、互いに直列に接続される角型電池と、この角型電池を複数個並べてバスバーで直列に接続している組電池に関し、とくに、車両を走行させるモーターに電力を供給する電源装置に最適な角型電池と組電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a prismatic battery connected in series with each other and a battery pack in which a plurality of the prismatic batteries are arranged and connected in series with a bus bar, and more particularly to a power supply device that supplies power to a motor that drives a vehicle. The present invention relates to an optimal prismatic battery and an assembled battery.

電気自動車や、内燃機関とモーターの両方で走行するハイブリッドカー等の電動車両は、走行用モーターに電力を供給する電源として、電池を多数個接続した電源装置を使用する。   An electric vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid car that travels with both an internal combustion engine and a motor uses a power supply device in which a large number of batteries are connected as a power source for supplying power to the traveling motor.

この種の用途に使用される電源装置は、大出力のモーターに電力を供給するために出力電圧を高くしている。このため、多数の電池を直列に接続している。現在のハイブリッドカーに搭載される電源装置は、数百個の電池を直列に接続して、出力電圧を数百Ｖと高くしている。この電源装置は、多数の電池をバスバーで直列に接続して出力電圧を高くしている。   A power supply device used for this type of application has a high output voltage in order to supply power to a high-power motor. For this reason, many batteries are connected in series. A power supply device mounted on a current hybrid car connects several hundred batteries in series to increase the output voltage to several hundred volts. In this power supply device, a large number of batteries are connected in series with a bus bar to increase the output voltage.

この電源装置に使用される組電池は、１００Ａ以上の大電流で充放電される。自動車を急加速するときには大電流で放電してモーターを加速し、また、減速するときや坂道を下るときには回生ブレーキによって大電流で充電されるからである。組電池は、正極端子と負極端子を接続するバスバーを、大電流に耐えるように、電池の電極端子に接続する必要がある。この用途に使用される角型電池は開発されている。（特許文献１参照）
特開２０００−１０６１７１号公報 The assembled battery used in this power supply device is charged and discharged with a large current of 100 A or more. This is because when the vehicle is accelerated rapidly, the motor is accelerated by discharging with a large current, and when the vehicle is decelerated or down a hill, it is charged with a large current by a regenerative brake. The assembled battery needs to connect the bus bar connecting the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal to the electrode terminal of the battery so as to withstand a large current. Square batteries used for this purpose have been developed. (See Patent Document 1)
JP 2000-106171 A

特許文献１に記載される角型電池は、図１に示すように、電極面９１Ａの両端部に、正極端子９２Ａと負極端子９２Ｂからなる電極端子９２を設けている。この角型電池は９１、図２に示すようバスバー９３で連結されて組電池となる。この図の組電池は、複数の角型電池９１を、図において上面となる電極面９１Ａを同一面に配置し、互いに接近して平行に並べ、隣の角型電池９１の正極端子９２Ａと負極端子９２Ｂをバスバー９３で連結して組み立てられる。この組電池は、電位差のある電極端子が互いに接近する。このため、組み立て工程において、互い隣接する電極端子に工具やバスバーが接触して、電位差のある電極端子間でショートしやすい。電極端子がショートすると、過大なショート電流が流れて、電池を劣化させる。とくに、ショート電流は、特定の電池のみに過大なショート電流を流すので、多数の角型電池を直列に接続している組電池において、電池の電気的な特性、たとえば残容量等をアンバランスにする欠点がある。特定の角型電池がアンバランスになると、たとえば残容量や実質的な容量が小さくなった角型電池は、過放電されやすくなって、益々劣化しやすくなる。このため、多数の角型電池を直列に接続して組み立てられる組電池は、製造工程における電極端子のショートを確実に阻止することが大切である。   As shown in FIG. 1, the prismatic battery described in Patent Document 1 is provided with electrode terminals 92 including a positive electrode terminal 92A and a negative electrode terminal 92B at both ends of the electrode surface 91A. This square battery 91 is connected by a bus bar 93 as shown in FIG. In the assembled battery of this figure, a plurality of prismatic batteries 91 are arranged such that the upper electrode surface 91A in the figure is arranged on the same surface and arranged parallel to each other, and the positive electrode terminal 92A and the negative electrode of the adjacent prismatic battery 91 are arranged. The terminal 92B is assembled by connecting with the bus bar 93. In this assembled battery, electrode terminals having a potential difference approach each other. For this reason, in an assembly process, a tool or a bus bar comes into contact with electrode terminals adjacent to each other, and a short circuit is likely to occur between electrode terminals having a potential difference. When the electrode terminal is short-circuited, an excessive short-circuit current flows, deteriorating the battery. In particular, a short current causes an excessive short current to flow only to a specific battery. Therefore, in an assembled battery in which a large number of prismatic batteries are connected in series, the electrical characteristics of the battery, such as the remaining capacity, are unbalanced. There are drawbacks. When a specific prismatic battery is unbalanced, for example, a prismatic battery having a small remaining capacity or substantial capacity is likely to be over-discharged and more likely to deteriorate. For this reason, it is important for an assembled battery that is assembled by connecting a large number of prismatic batteries in series to reliably prevent short-circuiting of electrode terminals in the manufacturing process.

本発明は、このことを実現することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、角型電池を接近して配置してバスバーで連結しながら、電位差のある電極端子のショートを有効に防止できる角型電池と組電池を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of realizing this. An important object of the present invention is to provide a prismatic battery and an assembled battery that can effectively prevent short-circuiting of electrode terminals having a potential difference while arranging the prismatic batteries close to each other and connecting them with a bus bar.

本発明の角型電池と組電池は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
本発明の請求項１の角型電池は、電極面１１Ａに正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとを設けており、さらに正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとを電極面１１Ａに非対称に配置している。 The prismatic battery and the assembled battery of the present invention have the following configurations in order to achieve the above-described object.
In the prismatic battery according to the first aspect of the present invention, the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are provided on the electrode surface 11A, and the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are disposed asymmetrically on the electrode surface 11A.

本発明の請求項２の角型電池は、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂとを電極面３１Ａに立てる姿勢で配置すると共に、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを、角型電池の両面に対して傾斜する姿勢の板状としている。   The prismatic battery according to claim 2 of the present invention is arranged so that the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B stand on the electrode surface 31A, and the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B are inclined with respect to both surfaces of the square battery. It has a plate-like shape.

本発明の請求項３の組電池は、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとを設けている電極面１１Ａを同一面とし、かつ互いに平行な姿勢で接近して配置されてなる複数の角型電池１１と、隣接する角型電池１１の正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとを接続して、角型電池１１を直列に接続しているバスバー１３、２３とを備える。この組電池の角型電池１１は、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとを電極面１１Ａに非対称に配置している。さらに、角型電池１１の正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂは、角型電池１１の幅広平面１１Ｂに対して傾斜する姿勢に配置されるバスバー１３、２３で連結している。   The assembled battery according to claim 3 of the present invention has a plurality of prismatic batteries 11 in which the electrode surface 11A on which the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are provided is the same surface and is arranged close to each other in a parallel posture. And bus bars 13 and 23 that connect the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B of the adjacent square battery 11 and connect the square battery 11 in series. In the prismatic battery 11 of this assembled battery, the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are disposed asymmetrically on the electrode surface 11A. Furthermore, the positive electrode terminal 12 </ b> A and the negative electrode terminal 12 </ b> B of the prismatic battery 11 are connected by bus bars 13 and 23 that are arranged in a posture inclined with respect to the wide flat surface 11 </ b> B of the prismatic battery 11.

また、本発明の請求項４の組電池は、請求項３の構成に加えて、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂである電極端子１２を、表面に雄ネジを設けている金属ロッドとし、この電極端子１２をバスバー１３に貫通させると共に、電極端子１２にナット１５をねじ込んでバスバー１３を電極端子１２に連結している。   In addition to the structure of claim 3, the assembled battery of claim 4 of the present invention uses the electrode terminal 12 which is the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B as a metal rod having a male screw on its surface, and this electrode The terminal 12 is passed through the bus bar 13 and a nut 15 is screwed into the electrode terminal 12 to connect the bus bar 13 to the electrode terminal 12.

本発明の請求項５の組電池は、複数の角型電池３１をバスバー３３で連結している。複数の角型電池３１は、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂとを設けている電極面３１Ａを同一面とし、かつ互いに平行な姿勢で接近して配置されている。バスバー３３は、隣接する角型電池３１の正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂとを接続して、角型電池３１を直列に接続している。さらに、角型電池３１は、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを電極面３１Ａに立てる姿勢で配置すると共に、この正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを、角型電池３１の幅広平面３１Ｂに対して傾斜する姿勢の板状端子としている。板状端子である正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂは、Ｚ状に折曲してなるＺ状バスバー３３Ａで連結している。   In the assembled battery of claim 5 of the present invention, a plurality of prismatic batteries 31 are connected by a bus bar 33. The plurality of prismatic batteries 31 are arranged close to each other in a posture parallel to each other with the electrode surface 31A provided with the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B as the same surface. The bus bar 33 connects the square battery 31 in series by connecting the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B of the adjacent square battery 31. Further, the prismatic battery 31 is arranged in such a posture that the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B stand on the electrode surface 31A, and the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B are inclined with respect to the wide flat surface 31B of the square battery 31. It is a plate terminal with a posture. The positive terminal 32A and the negative terminal 32B, which are plate-like terminals, are connected by a Z-shaped bus bar 33A that is bent in a Z-shape.

また、本発明の請求項６の組電池は、請求項５の構成に加えて、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂである電極端子３２とバスバー３３とを貫通する止ネジ３４を介して、バスバー３３を電極端子３２に連結している。   In addition to the configuration of claim 5, the assembled battery of claim 6 of the present invention includes a bus bar 33 via a set screw 34 penetrating the electrode terminal 32, which is the positive electrode terminal 32A, the negative electrode terminal 32B, and the bus bar 33. Are connected to the electrode terminal 32.

また、本発明の請求項７の組電池は、バスバー２３の中間に薄肉部２７を設けて、この薄肉部２７で振動を吸収する構造としている。   The battery pack according to claim 7 of the present invention has a structure in which a thin portion 27 is provided in the middle of the bus bar 23 and the thin portion 27 absorbs vibration.

本発明の角型電池と組電池は、角型電池を接近するように配置してバスバーで連結しながら、電位差のある電極端子のショートを有効に防止できる特徴がある。請求項１の角型電池と請求項３の組電池は、角型電池の電極面に、正極端子と負極端子を非対称に配置してこの特徴を実現する。この角型電池は、互いに接近して平行に配置してバスバーで連結すると、図３と図５に示すように、バスバーが角型電池の幅広平面に対して傾斜する姿勢となって、互いに隣接するバスバー間の距離が長くなる。このため、電極端子にバスバーを連結する工程で、隣のバスバーが互いに接触してショートするのを防止できる。隣に配置されるバスバーは、1個の角型電池の電位差がある。このため、隣のバスバーがショートすると、特定の角型電池に過大なショート電流が流れて、電池の電気特性を低下させる。
また、請求項２の角型電池と請求項５の組電池は、角型電池の電極面に、正極端子と負極端子とを立てる姿勢で配置すると共に、電極端子を角型電池の幅広平面に対して傾斜する姿勢に配置し、さらに、隣の角型電池の正極端子と負極端子とをＺ状バスバーで連結して、隣のバスバーのショートを防止する。この組電池は、図１０の平面図に示すように、板状の電極端子を傾斜する姿勢で配置して、隣の角型電池の電極端子の間隔と、電極端子に連結されるバスバーの間隔を広げて、組み立て工程におけるバスバーのショートを防止する。 The prismatic battery and the assembled battery of the present invention are characterized in that a short-circuit between electrode terminals having a potential difference can be effectively prevented while the prismatic batteries are arranged close to each other and connected by a bus bar. The prismatic battery of claim 1 and the assembled battery of claim 3 realize this feature by asymmetrically arranging the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal on the electrode surface of the prismatic battery. When the rectangular batteries are arranged close to each other in parallel and connected by a bus bar, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the bus bars are inclined with respect to the wide plane of the rectangular battery and are adjacent to each other. The distance between the bus bars to be increased. For this reason, it is possible to prevent adjacent bus bars from contacting each other and short-circuiting in the step of connecting the bus bar to the electrode terminal. The adjacent bus bar has the potential difference of one square battery. For this reason, when the adjacent bus bar is short-circuited, an excessive short-circuit current flows through a specific rectangular battery, which deteriorates the electric characteristics of the battery.
In addition, the prismatic battery of claim 2 and the assembled battery of claim 5 are arranged in such a manner that the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal stand on the electrode surface of the prismatic battery, and the electrode terminal is placed on the wide plane of the prismatic battery. It arrange | positions with respect to the inclination with respect to it, Furthermore, the positive electrode terminal and negative electrode terminal of an adjacent square battery are connected with a Z-shaped bus bar, and the short circuit of an adjacent bus bar is prevented. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 10, the assembled battery is arranged such that the plate-like electrode terminals are inclined, and the interval between the electrode terminals of the adjacent rectangular batteries and the interval between the bus bars connected to the electrode terminals. To prevent bus bar shorts during the assembly process.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための角型電池と組電池を例示するものであって、本発明は角型電池と組電池を以下のものに特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the examples shown below exemplify the prismatic battery and the assembled battery for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the prismatic battery and the assembled battery as follows. .

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

図３ないし図１１に示す組電池は、隣接する複数の角型電池１１、３１を互いに接近して平行な姿勢に配置して、正極端子１２Ａ、３２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂ、３２Ｂからなる電極端子１２、３２をバスバー１３、２３、３３で接続している。図の組電池は、隣接する角型電池１１、３１の電極端子１２、３２にバスバー１３、２３、３３を連結して、角型電池１１、３１を直列に接続している。この組電池は、直列に接続する角型電池１１、３１の個数を多くして出力電圧を高くできる。車両用に使用される組電池は、角型電池１１、３１を直列に接続する個数を、たとえば出力電圧が１００Ｖ〜３００Ｖとなる個数とする。   In the assembled battery shown in FIGS. 3 to 11, a plurality of adjacent prismatic batteries 11 and 31 are arranged close to each other in a parallel posture, and electrode terminals 12 including positive terminals 12A and 32A and negative terminals 12B and 32B are arranged. , 32 are connected by bus bars 13, 23, 33. In the illustrated assembled battery, bus bars 13, 23, 33 are connected to electrode terminals 12, 32 of adjacent square batteries 11, 31, and the square batteries 11, 31 are connected in series. This assembled battery can increase the output voltage by increasing the number of prismatic batteries 11 and 31 connected in series. In the assembled battery used for the vehicle, the number of the square batteries 11 and 31 connected in series is, for example, the number of output voltages of 100V to 300V.

図の組電池は、角型電池１１、３１をリチウムイオン二次電池とする。角型電池１１、３１は、四角形の外装缶の上面である電極面１１Ａ、３１Ａに、正極端子１２Ａ、３２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂ、３２Ｂからなる一対の電極端子１２、３２を設けている。角型電池１１、３１は、両面に厚さ（ｄ）よりも幅の広い幅広平面１１Ｂ、３１Ｂを有する角形で、その厚さ（ｄ）を１１ｍｍないし１２ｍｍとしている。ただ、角型電池は、その厚さ（ｄ）を、１ｃｍ以上であって２ｃｍ以下とすることもできる。角型電池１１、３１は、対向する幅広平面１１Ｂ、３１Ｂの間隔、すなわち厚さ（ｄ）を小さくして内部に収納する電極の冷却効率を高くできる。また、厚くして、ひとつの角型電池１１、３１の容量を大きくできる。したがって、角型電池１１、３１の厚さ（ｄ）は内部の冷却効率と容量とを考慮して最適値に設計される。   In the illustrated assembled battery, the square batteries 11 and 31 are lithium ion secondary batteries. The rectangular batteries 11 and 31 are provided with a pair of electrode terminals 12 and 32 including positive electrode terminals 12A and 32A and negative electrode terminals 12B and 32B on electrode surfaces 11A and 31A that are upper surfaces of a rectangular outer can. The prismatic batteries 11 and 31 are rectangular having wide planes 11B and 31B wider than the thickness (d) on both surfaces, and the thickness (d) is 11 to 12 mm. However, the square battery can have a thickness (d) of 1 cm or more and 2 cm or less. The prismatic batteries 11 and 31 can increase the cooling efficiency of the electrodes housed therein by reducing the distance between the opposing wide flat surfaces 11B and 31B, that is, the thickness (d). Moreover, the capacity | capacitance of one square battery 11 and 31 can be enlarged by thickening. Therefore, the thickness (d) of the prismatic batteries 11 and 31 is designed to an optimum value in consideration of the internal cooling efficiency and capacity.

図３ないし図８の角型電池１１は、上面の電極面１１Ａの両端部に、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂを設けている。この角型電池１１は、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂを電極面１１Ａに非対称に設けている。すなわち、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂは、細長い電極面１１Ａの端からの距離が異なるように配置される。図４と図６に示すように、隣接して配置されるバスバー１３、２３の間隔を広げるためである。非対称に配置される正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂは、図４と図６の平面図において、正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとの幅広平面１１Ｂに平行な方向の非対称間隔（ｘ）が、角型電池１１、３１の厚さ（ｄ）よりも長くなる位置に配置される。正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂの非対称間隔（ｘ）を長くして、隣接するバスバー間の間隔を広くできる。ただし、角型電池１１は、中央を境界として、一方の端部に正極端子１２Ａを、他方の端部に負極端子１２Ｂを配置する。正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂを電極面１１Ａに非対称に配置する角型電池１１は、隣接する正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂを連結するバスバー１３、２３が、図４と図６に示すように、角型電池１１の幅広平面１１Ｂに対して傾斜する姿勢に配置されて、隣の角型電池１１を直列に接続する。   3 to 8 is provided with a positive electrode terminal 12A and a negative electrode terminal 12B at both ends of the upper electrode surface 11A. In this rectangular battery 11, a positive electrode terminal 12A and a negative electrode terminal 12B are provided asymmetrically on the electrode surface 11A. That is, the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are arranged so that the distance from the end of the elongated electrode surface 11A is different. As shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 6, this is to widen the interval between the bus bars 13 and 23 arranged adjacent to each other. The positive terminal 12A and the negative terminal 12B arranged asymmetrically have an asymmetrical distance (x) in a direction parallel to the wide plane 11B between the positive terminal 12A and the negative terminal 12B in the plan views of FIGS. It arrange | positions in the position which becomes longer than thickness (d) of the batteries 11 and 31. FIG. By increasing the asymmetric distance (x) between the positive terminal 12A and the negative terminal 12B, the distance between adjacent bus bars can be increased. However, the square battery 11 has a positive electrode terminal 12A at one end and a negative electrode terminal 12B at the other end with the center as a boundary. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the prismatic battery 11 in which the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are asymmetrically arranged on the electrode surface 11A has bus bars 13 and 23 connecting the adjacent positive electrode terminal 12A and negative electrode terminal 12B. It arrange | positions in the attitude | position which inclines with respect to the wide plane 11B of the square battery 11, and connects the adjacent square battery 11 in series.

図３ないし図８に示す角型電池１１の電極端子１２は、表面に雄ネジ（図示せず）を設けている金属ロッドで、電極面１１Ａから垂直に突出している。この電極端子１２は、下端に鍔１４を設けている。鍔１４は、電極面１１Ａに位置する。この電極端子１２は、バスバー１３、２３の貫通孔１６、２６に挿通され、バスバー１３、２３の上面にナット１５をねじ込んで、バスバー１３、２３を鍔１４とナット１５で挟着して固定する。正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂは金属製で、正極端子１２Ａをアルミニウムやアルミニウム合金、負極端子１２Ｂを銅や銅合金としている。ただ、電極端子１２は、電池の種類により最適な金属板が選択される。たとえば、リチウムイオン二次電池は、正極端子の最適な金属をアルミニウムとし、負極端子の最適な金属を銅とする。   The electrode terminal 12 of the prismatic battery 11 shown in FIGS. 3 to 8 is a metal rod having a male screw (not shown) on the surface and protrudes vertically from the electrode surface 11A. The electrode terminal 12 is provided with a collar 14 at the lower end. The collar 14 is located on the electrode surface 11A. The electrode terminal 12 is inserted into the through holes 16 and 26 of the bus bars 13 and 23, and nuts 15 are screwed into the upper surfaces of the bus bars 13 and 23, and the bus bars 13 and 23 are sandwiched and fixed by the flanges 14 and the nuts 15. . The positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B are made of metal, and the positive electrode terminal 12A is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and the negative electrode terminal 12B is made of copper or a copper alloy. However, as the electrode terminal 12, an optimal metal plate is selected depending on the type of battery. For example, in a lithium ion secondary battery, the optimum metal for the positive electrode terminal is aluminum, and the optimum metal for the negative electrode terminal is copper.

図３ないし図１１に示す角型電池１１、３１は、電極端子１２、３２を設けている電極面１１Ａ、３１Ａを上面とし、かつ電極面１１Ａ、３１Ａが同一面となるように積層している。この姿勢で角型電池１１、３１を積層する組電池は、バスバー１３、２３、３３で接続される一対の電極端子１２、３２を互いに接近して配置する。角型電池１１、３１は、隣接する電極端子１２、３２をバスバー１３、２３、３３で連結して直列に接続される。バスバー１３、２３、３３がこの状態で接続するように、角型電池１１、３１は、正極端子１２Ａ、３２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂ、３２Ｂが交互に逆向きとなる姿勢で互いに接近して積層される。積層された複数の角型電池１１、３１は、図示しないが、ケースやフレームなどで積層状態に固定される。さらに、組電池は、角型電池１１、３１の間にスペーサー（図示せず）を挟着して積層する。スペーサーはプラスチック等の絶縁材で、隣接する角型電池１１、３１を絶縁する。また、スペーサーは、冷却構造として、角型電池１１、３１を両面から冷却する。   3 to 11 are stacked such that the electrode surfaces 11A and 31A on which the electrode terminals 12 and 32 are provided are upper surfaces and the electrode surfaces 11A and 31A are the same surface. . In the assembled battery in which the rectangular batteries 11 and 31 are stacked in this posture, the pair of electrode terminals 12 and 32 connected by the bus bars 13, 23, and 33 are arranged close to each other. Square batteries 11 and 31 are connected in series by connecting adjacent electrode terminals 12 and 32 with bus bars 13, 23 and 33. The rectangular batteries 11 and 31 are stacked close to each other in such a manner that the positive terminals 12A and 32A and the negative terminals 12B and 32B are alternately reversed so that the bus bars 13, 23, and 33 are connected in this state. . Although not shown, the plurality of stacked rectangular batteries 11 and 31 are fixed in a stacked state by a case, a frame, or the like. Further, the assembled battery is laminated by sandwiching a spacer (not shown) between the prismatic batteries 11 and 31. The spacer is an insulating material such as plastic and insulates the adjacent rectangular batteries 11 and 31. In addition, the spacer cools the square batteries 11 and 31 from both sides as a cooling structure.

バスバー１３、２３、３３は金属板である。たとえば、バスバー１３、２３、３３は、表面をメッキした銅や銅合金等の銅板が使用される。銅板のバスバーは、電気抵抗が小さく、電極端子に小さい接触抵抗で安定して接続される。ただ、組電池は、バスバーの材質を銅や銅合金には限定しない。バスバーには、ニッケルや鉄合金等も使用でき、また異種金属を積層しているクラッド材も使用できる。   The bus bars 13, 23, and 33 are metal plates. For example, the bus bars 13, 23, and 33 are made of copper plates such as copper or copper alloy whose surfaces are plated. The copper plate bus bar has a small electric resistance and is stably connected to the electrode terminal with a small contact resistance. However, the battery pack does not limit the material of the bus bar to copper or a copper alloy. For the bus bar, nickel, iron alloy, or the like can be used, and a clad material in which different metals are laminated can also be used.

図３ないし図７に示す組電池のバスバー１３、２３は、一枚の金属板を所定の幅と長さに切断し、さらに、電極端子１２を挿入する貫通孔１６、２６を開口している。さらに、図５ないし図７の組電池のバスバー２３を図１２ないし図１４に示す。これらの図のバスバー２３は、電極端子１２に接続される両端を厚くして、中間部に薄肉部２７を設けている。図のバスバー２３は、中央部に薄肉部２７を設けている。この構造のバスバー２３は、金属板をプレス加工して薄肉部２７とすることができる。このバスバー２３は、中間部に両端部よりも薄い薄肉部２７を設けるので、この部分を変形しやすくできる。このバスバー２３で角型電池１１を連結している図５ないし図７の組電池は、バスバー２３の薄肉部２７で振動を吸収できる。このため、車両等に搭載されて組電池が振動を受けるとき、バスバー２３で振動を吸収して角型電池１１の振動による弊害、たとえば、電極端子１２の振動による損傷などを効果的に防止できる。また、このバスバー２３は、薄肉部２７をヒューズに併用することもできる。この組電池は、過大な電流が流れるときにバスバー２３の薄肉部２７をヒューズと同じように溶断して、電池を保護することができる。この組電池は、ヒューズを直列に接続することなく、バスバー２３で電池を過大な電流から保護できる。また、角型電池１１を連結するときに、互いに連結される正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとの位置のずれを薄肉部２７で吸収して、電極端子１２に無理な力が作用しないようにバスバー１３で連結することもできる。   The bus bars 13 and 23 of the assembled battery shown in FIGS. 3 to 7 are formed by cutting a single metal plate into a predetermined width and length, and opening through holes 16 and 26 into which the electrode terminals 12 are inserted. . Further, the bus bar 23 of the assembled battery of FIGS. 5 to 7 is shown in FIGS. The bus bar 23 shown in these figures is thickened at both ends connected to the electrode terminal 12 and is provided with a thin portion 27 at an intermediate portion. The bus bar 23 shown in the figure has a thin portion 27 at the center. The bus bar 23 having this structure can be formed into a thin portion 27 by pressing a metal plate. Since this bus bar 23 is provided with a thin portion 27 thinner than both ends at the intermediate portion, this portion can be easily deformed. The assembled battery of FIGS. 5 to 7 in which the square battery 11 is connected by the bus bar 23 can absorb vibrations by the thin portion 27 of the bus bar 23. For this reason, when the assembled battery is mounted on a vehicle or the like and receives vibration, the bus bar 23 absorbs the vibration to effectively prevent harmful effects caused by the vibration of the rectangular battery 11, such as damage caused by the vibration of the electrode terminal 12. . Moreover, this bus bar 23 can also use the thin part 27 for a fuse together. This assembled battery can protect the battery by fusing the thin portion 27 of the bus bar 23 in the same manner as the fuse when an excessive current flows. In this assembled battery, the battery can be protected from an excessive current by the bus bar 23 without connecting fuses in series. Further, when the prismatic battery 11 is connected, the bus bar is configured so that the displacement of the positions of the positive electrode terminal 12 </ b> A and the negative electrode terminal 12 </ b> B that are connected to each other is absorbed by the thin-walled portion 27. 13 can also be connected.

この構造の組電池は、以下の工程で組み立てられる。
（１）角型電池１１が、スペーサーを挟着する状態で、互いに平行な姿勢で横に並べて積層される。この状態でケースやフレーム等に固定される。角型電池１１は、隣接して配置される角型電池１１の正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂとが互いに隣接するように配置される。
（２）隣接する角型電池１１の正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂを、バスバー１３、２３の両端部に設けている貫通孔１６、２６に挿通して、バスバー１３、２３を正極端子１２Ａと負極端子１２Ｂにセットする。
（３）バスバー１３、２３から突出する電極端子１２にナット１５をねじ込んで、ナット１５でバスバー１３、２３を電極端子１２に固定する。 The assembled battery having this structure is assembled in the following steps.
(1) The rectangular batteries 11 are stacked side by side in a parallel posture with a spacer interposed therebetween. In this state, it is fixed to a case or a frame. The prismatic battery 11 is disposed such that the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B of the prismatic battery 11 disposed adjacent to each other are adjacent to each other.
(2) The positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode terminal 12B of the adjacent square battery 11 are inserted into the through holes 16 and 26 provided at both ends of the bus bars 13 and 23, and the bus bars 13 and 23 are connected to the positive electrode terminal 12A and the negative electrode. Set to terminal 12B.
(3) The nut 15 is screwed into the electrode terminal 12 protruding from the bus bars 13 and 23, and the bus bar 13 and 23 are fixed to the electrode terminal 12 with the nut 15.

図９ないし図１１に示す組電池は、角型電池３１の正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを、電極面３１Ａに立てる姿勢で電極面３１Ａの両端部に配置すると共に、正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを、角型電池３１の両面に対して傾斜する姿勢の板状としている。図に示す角型電池３１は、電極端子３２の幅広平面３１Ｂに対する傾斜角（α）を約４５度としている。電極端子３２の傾斜角（α）は、小さすぎるとバスバー３３を電極端子３２に固定するネジ止め作業が能率よくできなくなる。従って、傾斜角（α）は３０度よりも大きくする。反対に傾斜角（α）が大きすぎると隣接するバスバー３３が接近してショートし易くなる。したがって、傾斜角（α）は６０度よりも小さくする。   In the assembled battery shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B of the prismatic battery 31 are arranged at both ends of the electrode surface 31A in a posture standing on the electrode surface 31A, and the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B are arranged. Is in the shape of a plate that is inclined with respect to both surfaces of the prismatic battery 31. In the rectangular battery 31 shown in the drawing, the inclination angle (α) of the electrode terminal 32 with respect to the wide plane 31B is about 45 degrees. If the inclination angle (α) of the electrode terminal 32 is too small, the screwing operation for fixing the bus bar 33 to the electrode terminal 32 cannot be performed efficiently. Therefore, the inclination angle (α) is made larger than 30 degrees. On the other hand, when the inclination angle (α) is too large, the adjacent bus bars 33 approach each other and are easily short-circuited. Therefore, the inclination angle (α) is made smaller than 60 degrees.

組電池は、板状端子である正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂを、Ｚ状に折曲してなるＺ状バスバー３３Ａで連結している。Ｚ状バスバー３３Ａは、図１５ないし図１７に示すように、金属板をＺ状に折曲加工して製作される。図に示すＺ状バスバー３３Ａは、金属板を直角に折曲している。ただ、Ｚ状バスバーは、金属板を折曲する角度を直角に限定せず、鋭角や鈍角に折曲することもできる。すなわち、本明細書において、Ｚ状とは、直角に折曲する形状だけでなく、鋭角や鈍角に折曲する形状も含む広い意味で使用する。このＺ状バスバー３３Ａは、電極端子３２に固定する止ネジ３４を挿通する貫通孔３６を両端部に設けている。板状端子である正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂにも、止ネジ３４を挿通する貫通孔（図示せず）を設けている。Ｚ状バスバー３３Ａは、図示しないが、図１２ないし図１４に示すバスバーと同様に、中間部に薄肉部を設けることもできる。このバスバーは、振動を吸収し、またヒューズに併用することができる。   In the assembled battery, a positive electrode terminal 32A and a negative electrode terminal 32B, which are plate-like terminals, are connected by a Z-shaped bus bar 33A that is bent in a Z shape. The Z-shaped bus bar 33A is manufactured by bending a metal plate into a Z shape as shown in FIGS. The Z-shaped bus bar 33A shown in the drawing is a metal plate bent at a right angle. However, the Z-shaped bus bar can be bent at an acute angle or an obtuse angle without limiting the angle at which the metal plate is bent to a right angle. That is, in this specification, the Z shape is used in a broad sense including not only a shape bent at a right angle but also a shape bent at an acute angle or an obtuse angle. This Z-shaped bus bar 33 </ b> A is provided with through holes 36 at both ends through which set screws 34 that are fixed to the electrode terminals 32 are inserted. The positive terminal 32A and the negative terminal 32B, which are plate-like terminals, are also provided with through holes (not shown) through which the set screws 34 are inserted. Although the Z-shaped bus bar 33A is not shown, a thin-walled portion can be provided at the intermediate portion, similarly to the bus bar shown in FIGS. This bus bar absorbs vibration and can be used together with a fuse.

この構造の組電池は、以下の工程で組み立てられる。
（１）角型電池３１が、スペーサーを挟着する状態で、互いに平行な姿勢で横に並べて積層される。この状態でケースやフレーム等に固定される。角型電池３１は、隣接して配置される角型電池３１の正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂとが互いに隣接するように配置される。
（２）隣接する角型電池３１の正極端子３２Ａと負極端子３２Ｂに、Ｚ状バスバー３３Ａの両端部を積層して、板状端子の貫通孔とバスバー３３の貫通孔３６に止ネジ３４を挿通する。
（３）バスバー３３から突出する止ネジ３４の先端にナット３５をねじ込み、ナット３５を締め付けてバスバー３３を止ネジ３４とナット３５で電極端子３２に固定する。 The assembled battery having this structure is assembled in the following steps.
(1) The prismatic batteries 31 are stacked side by side in parallel with each other in a state of sandwiching the spacers. In this state, it is fixed to a case or a frame. The prismatic battery 31 is disposed such that the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B of the prismatic battery 31 disposed adjacent to each other are adjacent to each other.
(2) Both end portions of the Z-shaped bus bar 33A are stacked on the positive electrode terminal 32A and the negative electrode terminal 32B of the adjacent square battery 31, and the set screw 34 is inserted into the through hole of the plate terminal and the through hole 36 of the bus bar 33. To do.
(3) A nut 35 is screwed into the tip of a set screw 34 protruding from the bus bar 33, and the nut 35 is tightened to fix the bus bar 33 to the electrode terminal 32 with the set screw 34 and the nut 35.

従来の角型電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the conventional square battery. 従来の組電池の平面図である。It is a top view of the conventional assembled battery. 本発明の一実施例にかかる組電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the assembled battery concerning one Example of this invention. 図３に示す組電池の平面図である。It is a top view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 本発明の他の実施例にかかる組電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the assembled battery concerning the other Example of this invention. 図５に示す組電池の平面図である。It is a top view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 図５に示す組電池の正面図である。It is a front view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 本発明の一実施例にかかる角型電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the square battery concerning one example of the present invention. 本発明の他の実施例にかかる組電池の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the assembled battery concerning the other Example of this invention. 図９に示す組電池の平面図である。It is a top view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 図９に示す組電池の側面図である。It is a side view of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 図５に示す組電池のバスバーの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the bus bar of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 図１２に示すバスバーの正面図である。It is a front view of the bus bar shown in FIG. 図１２に示すバスバーの平面図である。It is a top view of the bus bar shown in FIG. 図９に示す組電池のバスバーの斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the bus bar of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 図１５に示すバスバーの平面図である。FIG. 16 is a plan view of the bus bar shown in FIG. 15. 図１５に示すバスバーの断面図である。FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the bus bar shown in FIG. 15.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１…角型電池 １１Ａ…電極面
１１Ｂ…幅広平面
１２…電極端子 １２Ａ…正極端子
１２Ｂ…負極端子
１３…バスバー
１４…鍔
１５…ナット
１６…貫通孔
２３…バスバー
２６…貫通孔
２７…薄肉部
３１…角型電池 ３１Ａ…電極面
３１Ｂ…幅広平面
３２…電極端子 ３２Ａ…正極端子
３２Ｂ…負極端子
３３…バスバー ３３Ａ…Ｚ状バスバー
３４…止ネジ
３５…ナット
３６…貫通孔
９１…角型電池 ９１Ａ…電極面
９２…電極端子 ９２Ａ…正極端子
９２Ｂ…負極端子
９３…バスバー 11 ... Square battery 11A ... Electrode surface
11B: Wide plane 12 ... Electrode terminal 12A: Positive terminal
12B ... Negative electrode terminal 13 ... Bus bar 14 ... 鍔 15 ... Nut 16 ... Through hole 23 ... Bus bar 26 ... Through hole 27 ... Thin portion 31 ... Square battery 31A ... Electrode surface
31B: Wide plane 32 ... Electrode terminal 32A: Positive terminal
32B ... Negative electrode terminal 33 ... Bus bar 33A ... Z-shaped bus bar 34 ... Set screw 35 ... Nut 36 ... Through hole 91 ... Square battery 91A ... Electrode surface 92 ... Electrode terminal 92A ... Positive electrode terminal
92B ... Negative electrode terminal 93 ... Bus bar

Claims (7)

電極面(11A)に正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とを設けている角型電池であって、正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とを電極面(11A)に非対称に配置してなる角型電池。   A square battery in which a positive electrode terminal (12A) and a negative electrode terminal (12B) are provided on the electrode surface (11A), and the positive electrode terminal (12A) and the negative electrode terminal (12B) are asymmetrically arranged on the electrode surface (11A). A prismatic battery that is arranged. 正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)とを電極面(31A)に立てる姿勢で配置している角型電池であって、正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)とが、角型電池(31)の両面に対して傾斜する姿勢の板状である角型電池。   A square battery in which a positive electrode terminal (32A) and a negative electrode terminal (32B) are arranged in a posture to stand on an electrode surface (31A), and the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B) are square batteries. (31) A rectangular battery having a plate-like shape inclined with respect to both surfaces. 正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とを設けている電極面(11A)を同一面とし、かつ互いに平行な姿勢で接近して配置されてなる複数の角型電池(11)と、隣接する角型電池(11)の正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とを接続して、角型電池(11)を直列に接続しているバスバー(13)、(23)とを備える組電池であって、
角型電池(11)は、正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とを電極面(11A)に非対称に配置しており、この角型電池(11)の正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)とが、角型電池(11)の幅広平面(11B)に対して傾斜する姿勢に配置されるバスバー(13)、(23)で連結されてなる組電池。 Adjacent to a plurality of prismatic batteries (11), which have the electrode surface (11A) on which the positive electrode terminal (12A) and the negative electrode terminal (12B) are provided as the same surface and are arranged close to each other in parallel postures A set of bus bars (13) and (23) connecting the positive terminal (12A) and the negative terminal (12B) of the prismatic battery (11) and connecting the prismatic battery (11) in series. A battery,
In the prismatic battery (11), the positive electrode terminal (12A) and the negative electrode terminal (12B) are arranged asymmetrically on the electrode surface (11A), and the positive electrode terminal (12A) and the negative electrode terminal of the square battery (11) A battery pack in which (12B) is connected by bus bars (13), (23) arranged in a posture inclined with respect to the wide plane (11B) of the prismatic battery (11). 正極端子(12A)と負極端子(12B)である電極端子(12)が表面に雄ネジを設けている金属ロッドで、この電極端子(12)をバスバー(13)に貫通させると共に、電極端子(12)にナット(15)をねじ込んでバスバー(13)を電極端子(12)に連結している請求項３に記載される組電池。   The electrode terminal (12) which is the positive electrode terminal (12A) and the negative electrode terminal (12B) is a metal rod provided with a male screw on the surface, and this electrode terminal (12) is passed through the bus bar (13) and the electrode terminal ( The assembled battery according to claim 3, wherein a nut (15) is screwed into 12) to connect the bus bar (13) to the electrode terminal (12). 正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)とを設けている電極面(31A)を同一面とし、かつ互いに平行な姿勢で接近して配置されてなる複数の角型電池(31)と、隣接する角型電池(31)の正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)とを接続して、角型電池(31)を直列に接続しているバスバー(33)とを備える組電池であって、
角型電池(31)が、正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)を電極面(31A)に立てる姿勢で配置すると共に、この正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)を、角型電池(31)の幅広平面(31B)に対して傾斜する姿勢の板状端子としており、
この板状端子である正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)とを、Ｚ状に折曲してなるＺ状バスバー(33A)で連結してなる組電池。 Adjacent to a plurality of prismatic batteries (31) that have the electrode surface (31A) on which the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B) are provided as the same surface and are arranged close to each other in parallel postures An assembled battery comprising a bus bar (33) connecting the positive battery terminal (32A) and the negative terminal (32B) of the prismatic battery (31) and connecting the prismatic battery (31) in series. ,
The square battery (31) is arranged in such a posture that the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B) stand on the electrode surface (31A), and the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B) are It is a plate-like terminal in a posture inclined with respect to the wide plane (31B) of (31),
An assembled battery formed by connecting the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B), which are plate-like terminals, with a Z-shaped bus bar (33A) bent in a Z-shape. 正極端子(32A)と負極端子(32B)である電極端子(32)とバスバー(33)とを貫通する止ネジ(34)を介して、バスバー(33)を電極端子(32)に連結している請求項５に記載される組電池。   The bus bar (33) is connected to the electrode terminal (32) via a set screw (34) passing through the electrode terminal (32) which is the positive electrode terminal (32A) and the negative electrode terminal (32B) and the bus bar (33). The assembled battery according to claim 5. バスバー(23)が中間に薄肉部(27)を設けている請求項３又は５に記載される組電池。   The assembled battery according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the bus bar (23) is provided with a thin portion (27) in the middle.
JP2006270193A 2006-09-30 2006-09-30 Square battery and battery pack Pending JP2008091183A (en)

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