JP2008073694A - Friction welding method - Google Patents

Friction welding method Download PDF

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JP2008073694A
JP2008073694A JP2006252316A JP2006252316A JP2008073694A JP 2008073694 A JP2008073694 A JP 2008073694A JP 2006252316 A JP2006252316 A JP 2006252316A JP 2006252316 A JP2006252316 A JP 2006252316A JP 2008073694 A JP2008073694 A JP 2008073694A
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temperature
joining
steel
friction
joined
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JP4867538B2 (en
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Toshiyuki Gendo
俊行 玄道
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Mazda Motor Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance joining strength, in a friction welding method, by suppressing generation of a martensitic structure in cooling a joined portion of a plurality of steel members. <P>SOLUTION: A second steel plate W2 and a first steel plate W1 are overlaid in order to form a workpiece W. A rotary tool 7 is lowered while rotated and then, a to-be-joined part of the workpiece W is held between the rotary tool 7 and a receiving member 8, and pressed in the rotary axis direction. Frictional heat is generated by friction between the rotary tool 7 and the surface of the first steel plate W1. The rotation and pressurization of the rotary tool 7 is continued to cause plastic flow in the first and second steel plates W1, W2. When the temperature of the to-be-joined part becomes A3 transformation point or above, joining conditions are adjusted. When the temperature becomes A1 transformation point or below after the adjustment, the rotary tool 7 is elevated while being rotated and is pulled out of the workpiece W. The workpiece W is cooled and hardened to complete the joining. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、摩擦接合方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a friction welding method.

従来から、例えば重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部など、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部を接合する方法として、その被接合部を銅電極で挟んで通電することによって発生した抵抗発熱でその被接合部を接合する抵抗スポット溶接方法が知られている。   Conventionally, for example, as a method of joining a joined portion of a plurality of steel members such as a joined portion of a plurality of overlapped steel members, a resistance generated by energizing the joined portion between copper electrodes There is known a resistance spot welding method for joining the joined portions by heat generation.

だが、この方法では、銅電極の内部に冷却水が存在するので、銅電極がその被接合部の冷却体として作用し、このため、その冷却速度が極めて速くなり、ナゲットが冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になってその硬さが上昇するとともにその延性が低下し、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度が低下してしまう。   However, in this method, since the cooling water exists inside the copper electrode, the copper electrode acts as a cooling body for the bonded portion, and therefore, the cooling rate becomes extremely high, and the nugget has a martensite structure during cooling. As the hardness increases, the ductility decreases, and the bonding strength, particularly the peel strength, decreases.

一方、近年、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部を接合する方法として、摩擦接合方法が提案されている。この方法では、重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部を接合する場合、この重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部に回転ツールを回転させながら押圧することによって発生した摩擦熱でその被接合部を塑性流動させることによりその被接合部を固相状態で摩擦点接合するようになっている。例えば、特許文献1のものでは、重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部にレーザ光を照射した後、その被接合部に回転ツールを回転させながら押圧することによって発生した摩擦熱でその被接合部を塑性流動させることによりその被接合部を摩擦点接合するようになっている。ここで、鋼製部材の被接合部にレーザ光を照射するのは、回転ツールが磨耗するのを抑制するためである。   On the other hand, in recent years, a friction joining method has been proposed as a method for joining the joined portions of a plurality of steel members. In this method, when joining the welded portions of a plurality of overlapped steel members, the frictional heat generated by pressing the rotating tool while rotating the welded portions of the overlapped steel members is used. The welded portion is plastically flowed so that the welded portion is subjected to friction point welding in a solid state. For example, in the case of Patent Document 1, the laser beam is irradiated to the bonded portions of a plurality of superposed steel members, and then the frictional heat generated by pressing the rotating tool while rotating the rotated portion is applied to the bonded portions. The welded portion is subjected to friction point welding by plastically flowing the welded portion. Here, the reason why the laser beam is applied to the bonded portion of the steel member is to prevent the rotating tool from being worn.

上記摩擦接合方法では、上記被接合部の冷却速度が抵抗スポット溶接方法よりも遅いので、ナゲットが冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制し、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。   In the friction welding method, since the cooling rate of the bonded portion is slower than the resistance spot welding method, it is possible to suppress the nugget from becoming a martensite structure during cooling, and to improve the bonding strength, in particular, the peel strength. it can.

以下、上記について図5を参照しながら説明する。   The above will be described with reference to FIG.

図5は、軟鋼板及び高張力鋼板の連続冷却変態(以下、CCTという)曲線と抵抗スポット溶接により接合された2枚の鋼板の被接合部の冷却曲線の一例との関係を示す図である。図5では、冷却時間(対数目盛り)を横軸に、温度を縦軸にとり、軟鋼板及び高張力鋼板のCCT曲線L1,L2、並びに抵抗スポット溶接により接合された2枚の鋼板の被接合部の冷却曲線Sが示されている。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a continuous cooling transformation (hereinafter referred to as CCT) curve of a mild steel plate and a high-tensile steel plate and an example of a cooling curve of a joined portion of two steel plates joined by resistance spot welding. . In FIG. 5, the cooling time (logarithmic scale) is plotted on the horizontal axis, the temperature is plotted on the vertical axis, the CCT curves L1 and L2 of the mild steel plate and the high strength steel plate, and the joined portions of the two steel plates joined by resistance spot welding. A cooling curve S is shown.

図5に示すように、高張力鋼板のマルテンサイト変態開始温度T2は、軟鋼板のマルテンサイト変態開始温度T1よりも低く、高張力鋼板の冷却時間t2は、軟鋼板の冷却時間t1よりも長くなっている。   As shown in FIG. 5, the martensitic transformation start temperature T2 of the high-tensile steel plate is lower than the martensitic transformation start temperature T1 of the mild steel plate, and the cooling time t2 of the high-tensile steel plate is longer than the cooling time t1 of the mild steel plate. It has become.

そして、軟鋼板同士及び高張力鋼板同士を抵抗スポット溶接により接合した場合、図5の冷却曲線Sに示すように、その被接合部は冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になる。   And when mild steel plates and high-tensile steel plates are joined by resistance spot welding, as shown in the cooling curve S of FIG. 5, the joined part becomes a martensite structure at the time of cooling.

これに対し、鋼板同士を摩擦接合した場合、上述のように、その被接合部の冷却速度が抵抗スポット溶接よりも遅いので、ナゲットが冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることが抑制される。
特開2006−21217号公報
On the other hand, when the steel plates are friction-joined, as described above, the cooling rate of the joined portion is slower than that of resistance spot welding, so that the nugget is suppressed from becoming a martensite structure during cooling.
JP 2006-21217 A

しかし、上記摩擦接合方法では、鋼製部材として軟鋼製部材を用意すると、この軟鋼製部材の冷却時間t1が比較的短いので、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができるものの、鋼製部材として高張力鋼製部材を準備すると、この高張力鋼製部材の冷却時間t2が比較的長いので、その被接合部は冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になりやすく、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度が低下するおそれがある。   However, in the friction welding method, when a mild steel member is prepared as a steel member, the cooling time t1 of the mild steel member is relatively short, so that the joined portion is prevented from becoming a martensite structure during cooling. However, if a high-tensile steel member is prepared as a steel member, the cooling time t2 of the high-tensile steel member is relatively long, so that the joined portion tends to have a martensite structure during cooling, and its bonding strength In particular, the peel strength may be reduced.

以下、上記について図6を参照しながら説明する。   The above will be described with reference to FIG.

図6(a)は、摩擦接合により接合された2枚の軟鋼板の被接合部の硬さを示す図であり、図6(b)は、摩擦接合により接合された2枚の高張力鋼板の被接合部の硬さを示す図である。図6(a)及び(b)では、硬さ測定位置を横軸に、0.3kgの押付け荷重によるビッカース硬さを縦軸にとり、上板の硬さを◆印で、下板の硬さを□印で示している。   FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the hardness of the joined parts of two mild steel plates joined by friction joining, and FIG. 6B is two high-tensile steel plates joined by friction joining. It is a figure which shows the hardness of the to-be-joined part. 6 (a) and 6 (b), the horizontal axis indicates the hardness measurement position, the vertical axis indicates the Vickers hardness due to a pressing load of 0.3 kg, the hardness of the upper plate is indicated by ◆, and the hardness of the lower plate Is indicated by □.

図6(a)に示すように、軟鋼板同士を摩擦接合した場合、上板及び下板ともに、母材の硬さが約100Hvであるのに対し、被接合部の硬さが約200Hvであり、その硬さの上昇量は比較的小さい。   As shown in FIG. 6 (a), when soft steel plates are friction-joined, the hardness of the base material is about 200 Hv while the hardness of the base material is about 100 Hv for both the upper and lower plates. There is a relatively small increase in hardness.

一方、図6(b)に示すように、高張力鋼板同士を摩擦接合した場合、上板及び下板ともに、母材の硬さが約260Hvであるのに対し、被接合部の硬さが約450Hvであり、その硬さの上昇量は非常に大きい。これは、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になったためと考えられる。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the high-tensile steel plates are friction-joined, the hardness of the base material is about 260 Hv for both the upper plate and the lower plate, whereas the hardness of the joined portion is low. It is about 450 Hv, and its amount of increase in hardness is very large. This is presumably because the bonded portion became a martensite structure during cooling.

本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、摩擦接合方法において、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制し、その接合強度を向上させることにある。   The present invention has been made in view of such points, and the object of the present invention is to suppress the joining portion of a plurality of steel members from becoming a martensitic structure during cooling in the friction joining method, The purpose is to improve the bonding strength.

第1の発明は、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部に回転ツールを回転させながら押圧することによって発生した摩擦熱で上記被接合部を塑性流動させることにより該被接合部を固相状態で摩擦接合する摩擦接合方法であって、上記摩擦熱で、上記被接合部の温度をA3変態点以上にし且つ該被接合部を塑性流動させる工程と、接合条件を調整することにより上記被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にする温度調整工程と、上記被接合部の温度がA1変態点以下の状態で、上記回転ツールを上記被接合部から引き抜く工程とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。   1st invention makes this to-be-joined part in a solid-state state by carrying out the plastic flow of the to-be-joined part with the frictional heat which generate | occur | produced by rotating while rotating a rotary tool to the to-be-joined part of several steel members. A friction welding method for friction welding, wherein the temperature of the welded portion is set to the A3 transformation point or higher by the frictional heat, and the welded portion is plastically flowed, and the welded portion is adjusted by adjusting the joining conditions. And a temperature adjusting step of bringing the temperature of the bonded portion below the A1 transformation point, and a step of pulling out the rotating tool from the bonded portion in a state where the temperature of the bonded portion is equal to or lower than the A1 transformation point. It is.

これにより、接合条件を調整することにより複数の鋼製部材の被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にし、その被接合部の温度がA1変態点以下の状態で、回転ツールをその被接合部から引き抜くので、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができる。このため、その延性を高めることができ、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。   Thereby, the temperature of the to-be-joined part of several steel members is made into A1 transformation point or less by adjusting joining conditions, and the temperature of the to-be-joined part is below A1 transformation point, and a rotating tool is the to-be-joined part. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the joined portion from becoming a martensite structure during cooling. For this reason, the ductility can be increased, and the bonding strength, particularly the peel strength can be improved.

第2の発明は、上記第1の発明において、上記複数の鋼製部材を重ね合わせ、該重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部を摩擦点接合することを特徴とするものである。   The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the plurality of steel members are overlapped, and the welded portions of the overlapped steel members are friction-point bonded.

これにより、摩擦点接合された、重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部の接合強度を向上させることができる。   Thereby, the joint strength of the to-be-joined part of the some steel member which carried out the friction point joining and was piled up can be improved.

第3の発明は、上記第1又は第2の発明において、上記被接合部の温度を検出する温度検出手段を用意し、上記温度調整工程では、上記被接合部の温度を上記温度検出手段で検出しながら上記接合条件を調整することを特徴とするものである。   According to a third invention, in the first or second invention, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the bonded portion is prepared, and in the temperature adjusting step, the temperature of the bonded portion is determined by the temperature detecting means. The joining condition is adjusted while detecting.

これにより、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部の温度を温度検出手段で検出しながら接合条件を調整することによりその被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にするので、その被接合部の温度を確実にA1変態点以下にすることができる。   As a result, the temperature of the welded part is adjusted to be equal to or lower than the A1 transformation point by adjusting the joining conditions while detecting the temperature of the welded part of the plurality of steel members by the temperature detecting means. Can be reliably kept below the A1 transformation point.

第4の発明は、上記第1〜第3のいずれか1つの発明において、上記温度調整工程では、上記接合条件として上記回転ツールの回転数及び押圧力の少なくとも一方を調整することを特徴とするものである。   According to a fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions, in the temperature adjustment step, at least one of a rotational speed and a pressing force of the rotary tool is adjusted as the joining condition. Is.

これにより、接合条件として回転ツールの回転数及び押圧力の少なくとも一方を調整するので、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部の温度を簡単な方法でA1変態点以下にすることができる。   Thereby, since at least one of the rotation speed and pressing force of a rotary tool is adjusted as joining conditions, the temperature of the to-be-joined part of several steel members can be made below into an A1 transformation point with a simple method.

第5の発明は、上記第1〜第4のいずれか1つの発明において、上記複数の鋼製部材の少なくとも1つとして、鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材を用意することを特徴とするものである。   According to a fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions, as at least one of the plurality of steel members, a high-tensile steel member containing a quenching element that improves the hardenability of steel is provided. It is characterized by preparing.

これにより、本発明によると、被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になりやすい、焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材の被接合部が、冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができる。このため、その延性を高めることができ、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。つまり、本発明を、焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材の被接合部の摩擦接合に適用すると、その作用効果を効果的に発揮することができる。   Thereby, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the bonded portion of the high-tensile steel member containing a quenching element from becoming a martensitic structure at the time of cooling. it can. For this reason, the ductility can be increased, and the bonding strength, particularly the peel strength can be improved. That is, when the present invention is applied to the friction bonding of the bonded portion of the high-tensile steel member containing the quenching element, the effect can be effectively exhibited.

本発明によれば、接合条件を調整することにより複数の鋼製部材の被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にし、その被接合部の温度がA1変態点以下の状態で、回転ツールをその被接合部から引き抜くので、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができ、このため、その延性を高めることができ、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, by adjusting the joining conditions, the temperature of the joined parts of the plurality of steel members is set to the A1 transformation point or less, and the temperature of the joined parts is equal to or less than the A1 transformation point, the rotating tool is Since it is pulled out from the bonded portion, it can be suppressed that the bonded portion becomes a martensite structure at the time of cooling. Therefore, the ductility can be increased, and the bonding strength, in particular, the peel strength can be improved. Can do.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の実施形態に係る接合ガン1の概略構成図である。図1に示すように、この接合ガン1は、摩擦点接合装置としての接合ユニット2と、把持フレーム3とを備えている。そして、例えば、図示しないロボットの手首に把持フレーム3を取り付け、自動車の車体に用いられるワークWの複数の鋼製部材W1,W2(図3参照)を少なくとも部分的に厚み方向に重ねた状態で接合ユニット2により点状に固相状態で接合するものである。本実施形態では、複数の鋼製部材W1,W2は、1枚の第1鋼板W1と、1枚の第2鋼板W2とである。これらの第1及び第2鋼板W1,W2は、それぞれ、鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる焼入れ元素、例えばSi、Mn、Crなどを多く含有する、引張り強度が340MPa以上の高張力鋼板である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a bonding gun 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the joining gun 1 includes a joining unit 2 as a friction point joining device and a gripping frame 3. For example, the gripping frame 3 is attached to the wrist of a robot (not shown), and a plurality of steel members W1 and W2 (see FIG. 3) of the workpiece W used in the car body of the automobile are at least partially overlapped in the thickness direction. The joining unit 2 joins in a solid state in the form of dots. In the present embodiment, the plurality of steel members W1, W2 are one first steel plate W1 and one second steel plate W2. Each of the first and second steel plates W1 and W2 is a high-tensile steel plate having a tensile strength of 340 MPa or more and containing a large amount of quenching elements that improve the hardenability of the steel, such as Si, Mn, and Cr.

以下、図2を参照しながら、鋼製部材について説明する。図2は、Fe−C系状態図である。図2に示すように、鋼製部材とは、炭素濃度が2.1%以下の、鉄と炭素の合金をいう。鋼製部材の炭素濃度が0.8%以下では、金属組織がオーステナイトに変態するA3変態点はA1変態点(共析温度)よりも高くなっているが、炭素濃度が0.8%〜2.1%の範囲では、A1変態点及びA3変態点は同じになっている。鋼製部材の炭素濃度が0.8%以下では、鋼製部材の温度がA3変態点以上その融点以下になると、鋼製部材はすべてオーステナイト組織になるが、鋼製部材の炭素濃度が0.8%〜2.1%の範囲では、鋼製部材の温度がA3変態点以上ACM変態点以下になると、鋼製部材の一部はオーステナイト組織になる一方、その温度がACM変態点以上その融点以下になると、鋼製部材はすべてオーステナイト組織になる。   Hereinafter, the steel member will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an Fe—C phase diagram. As shown in FIG. 2, the steel member refers to an iron-carbon alloy having a carbon concentration of 2.1% or less. When the carbon concentration of the steel member is 0.8% or less, the A3 transformation point at which the metal structure is transformed to austenite is higher than the A1 transformation point (eutectoid temperature), but the carbon concentration is 0.8% to 2%. In the range of 1%, the A1 transformation point and the A3 transformation point are the same. When the carbon concentration of the steel member is 0.8% or less, when the temperature of the steel member is equal to or higher than the A3 transformation point and lower than its melting point, all the steel members have an austenite structure, but the carbon concentration of the steel member is 0.00. In the range of 8% to 2.1%, when the temperature of the steel member is not less than the A3 transformation point and not more than the ACM transformation point, a part of the steel member has an austenite structure, while the temperature is not less than the ACM transformation point and the melting point thereof. If it becomes below, all steel members will become an austenitic structure.

図1に示すように、上記接合ユニット2は、装置本体4と、押圧軸モータ5と、回転軸モータ6とを備えている。この装置本体4の下側には、回転ツール7が取り付けられている。この回転ツール7は、円柱状のショルダー部7aと、このショルダー部7aの底面の中心から下側に突出する、直径がショルダー部7a部の直径よりも小さい円柱状のピン部7bとを有している。回転ツール7は、回転軸モータ6によって回転軸心X回りに回転されると共に、押圧軸モータ5によって回転軸心X方向に昇降されるように構成されている。押圧軸モータ5及び回転軸モータ6は、これらをコントロールする制御盤(図示せず)に接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the joining unit 2 includes an apparatus main body 4, a pressing shaft motor 5, and a rotating shaft motor 6. A rotating tool 7 is attached to the lower side of the apparatus main body 4. The rotary tool 7 includes a cylindrical shoulder portion 7a and a cylindrical pin portion 7b that protrudes downward from the center of the bottom surface of the shoulder portion 7a and has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the shoulder portion 7a. ing. The rotary tool 7 is configured to be rotated about the rotation axis X by the rotation shaft motor 6 and to be moved up and down in the direction of the rotation axis X by the pressing shaft motor 5. The pressing shaft motor 5 and the rotating shaft motor 6 are connected to a control panel (not shown) that controls them.

上記把持フレーム3の側面視L字状のアーム3aの先端には、円柱状の受け部材8が取り付けられている。そして、回転ツール7と受け部材8とにより、ワークWの被接合部を挟み込むようにしている。また、受け部材8内には、ワークWの被接合部の温度を検出する温度センサ9(温度検出手段に相当)が設けられている。この温度センサ9は、上記制御盤に接続されている。   A columnar receiving member 8 is attached to the tip of an L-shaped arm 3 a in side view of the grip frame 3. And the to-be-joined part of the workpiece | work W is pinched | interposed by the rotary tool 7 and the receiving member 8. FIG. Further, a temperature sensor 9 (corresponding to a temperature detecting means) for detecting the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is provided in the receiving member 8. The temperature sensor 9 is connected to the control panel.

−接合ガンによるワークの摩擦点接合工程−
以下、図3及び図4のフローチャートを参照しながら、接合ガン1によるワークWの摩擦点接合工程について説明する。
-Friction point joining process of workpieces with a joining gun-
Hereinafter, the friction point joining process of the workpiece W by the joining gun 1 will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. 3 and 4.

まず、接合される第1鋼板W1及び第2鋼板W2の材質・板厚・A1変態点・A3変態点などに基づき、接合条件を設定する。この接合条件として、回転ツール7の目標回転数・押圧力・最大押込み量などが設定される。   First, the joining conditions are set based on the material, plate thickness, A1 transformation point, A3 transformation point, and the like of the first steel plate W1 and the second steel plate W2 to be joined. As the joining conditions, a target rotational speed, a pressing force, a maximum pushing amount, and the like of the rotary tool 7 are set.

次に、図3(a)に示すように、第2鋼板W2及び第1鋼板W1をその順に重ね合わせてワークWとし、ワークWの被接合部を受け部材8で受ける。   Next, as shown in FIG. 3A, the second steel plate W <b> 2 and the first steel plate W <b> 1 are overlapped in that order to form a work W, and a bonded portion of the work W is received by the member 8.

次に、回転軸モータ6(図1参照)を駆動すると、回転ツール7が回転軸心X(図1参照)回りに回転する(ステップS2)。   Next, when the rotary shaft motor 6 (see FIG. 1) is driven, the rotary tool 7 rotates around the rotational axis X (see FIG. 1) (step S2).

回転ツール7の回転数が目標回転数に到達した後、回転ツール7を回転させながら、押圧軸モータ5(図1参照)を駆動すると、回転ツール7が下降する。   After the rotational speed of the rotary tool 7 reaches the target rotational speed, when the pressing shaft motor 5 (see FIG. 1) is driven while rotating the rotary tool 7, the rotary tool 7 is lowered.

このようにして、押圧軸モータ5を駆動してピン部7bがワークWの表面に当接するまで回転ツール7を下降させる。これにより、回転ツール7と受け部材8とでワークWの被接合部を挟み込むと共に、このワークWの被接合部を回転軸心X方向(図3で下方向)に加圧する(ステップS3)。こうして、回転ツール7と第1鋼板W1の表面との摩擦によって摩擦熱を発生させる。この摩擦熱は、第1鋼板W1から第2鋼板W2へ伝達され、第2鋼板W2も軟化する。   In this way, the rotary tool 7 is moved down by driving the pressing shaft motor 5 until the pin portion 7b contacts the surface of the workpiece W. Thereby, while the to-be-joined part of the workpiece | work W is inserted | pinched with the rotary tool 7 and the receiving member 8, the to-be-joined part of this workpiece | work W is pressurized to the rotation axis X direction (downward direction in FIG. 3) (step S3). Thus, frictional heat is generated by friction between the rotary tool 7 and the surface of the first steel plate W1. This frictional heat is transmitted from the first steel plate W1 to the second steel plate W2, and the second steel plate W2 is also softened.

そして、図3(b)に示すように、回転ツール7の回転及び押圧を継続させる。これにより、第1及び第2鋼板W1,W2に塑性流動を発生させる(ステップS4)。   And as shown in FIG.3 (b), rotation and the press of the rotation tool 7 are continued. Thereby, plastic flow is generated in the first and second steel plates W1 and W2 (step S4).

次に、ワークWの被接合部の温度を温度センサ9で測定する(ステップS5)。そして、その測定された温度がA3変態点(図4参照)以上であるか否かを判定する(ステップS6)。なお、ワークWの被接合部の温度をA3変態点以上にすると、鋼板W1,W2の界面が消失するので、その接合強度を向上させることができる。また、鋼板W1,W2の炭素濃度が0.8%〜2.1%の範囲の場合、ワークWの被接合部をすべてオーステナイト組織にするため、ステップS6では、その測定された温度がACM変態点(図4参照)以上であるか否かを判定するのが望ましい。   Next, the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is measured by the temperature sensor 9 (step S5). And it is determined whether the measured temperature is more than A3 transformation point (refer to Drawing 4) (Step S6). If the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is set to the A3 transformation point or higher, the interface between the steel plates W1 and W2 disappears, so that the bonding strength can be improved. In addition, when the carbon concentrations of the steel plates W1 and W2 are in the range of 0.8% to 2.1%, in order to make all the bonded portions of the workpiece W have an austenite structure, in step S6, the measured temperature is ACM transformation. It is desirable to determine whether or not it is greater than or equal to the point (see FIG. 4).

その測定された温度がA3変態点以上であると判定すると、接合条件を調整する(ステップS7)。本実施形態では、この接合条件として回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を調整する。具体的には、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を今よりも小さくする。但し、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力が0にならないようになっている。   If it is determined that the measured temperature is equal to or higher than the A3 transformation point, the bonding condition is adjusted (step S7). In this embodiment, the rotation speed and the pressing force of the rotary tool 7 are adjusted as the joining conditions. Specifically, the rotational speed and the pressing force of the rotary tool 7 are made smaller than now. However, the number of rotations and the pressing force of the rotary tool 7 do not become zero.

一方、A3変態点よりも小さい温度であると判定すると、ステップS4〜S6を繰り返す。   On the other hand, if it is determined that the temperature is lower than the A3 transformation point, steps S4 to S6 are repeated.

接合条件を調整した後、ワークWの被接合部の温度を温度センサ9で測定する(ステップS8)。そして、その測定された温度がA1変態点(図2参照)以下であるか否かを判定する(ステップS9)。   After adjusting the joining conditions, the temperature of the joined portion of the workpiece W is measured by the temperature sensor 9 (step S8). And it is determined whether the measured temperature is below A1 transformation point (refer FIG. 2) (step S9).

その測定された温度がA1変態点以下であると判定すると、図3(d)に示すように、ワークWの被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下で且つA1変態点近傍の状態で、回転ツール7を回転させたまま、押圧軸モータ5を逆転させて回転ツール7を上昇させ、回転ツール7をワークW内から引き抜く(ステップS10)。但し、ワークWの被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを確実に抑制するためには、ワークWの被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下で且つ600度以上の状態で、回転ツール7を引き抜くのが望ましい。それから、受け部材8をワークWから離す(ステップS11)。なお、ワークWの被接合部の温度がA3変態点以上の状態で、回転ツール7をワークW内から引き抜くと、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になりやすい。   When it is determined that the measured temperature is equal to or lower than the A1 transformation point, as shown in FIG. 3D, the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is rotated below the A1 transformation point and in the vicinity of the A1 transformation point. While the tool 7 is rotated, the pressing shaft motor 5 is reversely rotated to raise the rotary tool 7, and the rotary tool 7 is pulled out from the workpiece W (step S10). However, in order to reliably suppress the bonded portion of the workpiece W from becoming a martensite structure during cooling, the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is set to a temperature below the A1 transformation point and 600 degrees or more. It is desirable to pull 7 out. Then, the receiving member 8 is separated from the workpiece W (step S11). Note that if the rotary tool 7 is pulled out from the workpiece W in a state where the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is equal to or higher than the A3 transformation point, the bonded portion tends to have a martensite structure during cooling.

一方、A1変態点よりも大きい温度であると判定すると、ステップS7〜S9を繰り返す。   On the other hand, if it is determined that the temperature is higher than the A1 transformation point, steps S7 to S9 are repeated.

回転ツール7をワークW内から引き抜くと、ワークWは冷却されて硬化し、ワークWの接合が完了する(ステップS12)。   When the rotary tool 7 is pulled out from the work W, the work W is cooled and hardened, and the joining of the work W is completed (step S12).

−効果−
以上により、本実施形態によれば、接合条件を調整することにより複数の鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にし、その被接合部の温度がA1変態点以下の状態で、回転ツール7をその被接合部から引き抜くので、その被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができる。このため、その延性を高めることができ、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。
-Effect-
As described above, according to the present embodiment, by adjusting the joining conditions, the temperatures of the joined portions of the plurality of steel members W1, W2 are set to the A1 transformation point or lower, and the temperatures of the joined portions are equal to or lower than the A1 transformation point. In this state, since the rotary tool 7 is pulled out from the bonded portion, the bonded portion can be prevented from becoming a martensite structure during cooling. For this reason, the ductility can be increased, and the bonding strength, particularly the peel strength can be improved.

また、摩擦点接合された、重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部の接合強度を向上させることができる。   Moreover, the joint strength of the to-be-joined part of the some steel members W1 and W2 which were piled up by the friction point joining can be improved.

また、複数の鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部の温度を温度センサ9で検出しながら接合条件を調整することによりその被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にするので、その被接合部の温度を確実にA1変態点以下にすることができる。   Moreover, since the temperature of the to-be-joined part is made below into an A1 transformation point by adjusting joining conditions, detecting the temperature of the to-be-joined part of several steel members W1, W2 with the temperature sensor 9, the to-be-joined part The temperature of can be reliably kept below the A1 transformation point.

また、接合条件として回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を調整するので、複数の鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部の温度を簡単な方法でA1変態点以下にすることができる。   Moreover, since the rotation speed and pressing force of the rotary tool 7 are adjusted as joining conditions, the temperature of the to-be-joined part of the some steel members W1, W2 can be made below A1 transformation point by a simple method.

また、本発明によると、被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になりやすい、焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部が、冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制することができる。このため、その延性を高めることができ、その接合強度、特に、剥離強度を向上させることができる。つまり、本発明を、焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部の摩擦接合に適用すると、その作用効果を効果的に発揮することができる。   In addition, according to the present invention, the bonded portion of the high-strength steel members W1 and W2 containing quenching elements, which are likely to become a martensitic structure during cooling, is prevented from becoming a martensitic structure during cooling. be able to. For this reason, the ductility can be increased, and the bonding strength, particularly the peel strength can be improved. That is, when the present invention is applied to the friction bonding of the bonded portions of the high-strength steel members W1 and W2 containing the quenching element, the effects can be effectively exhibited.

(その他の実施形態)
上記実施形態では、本発明に係る摩擦接合方法を、重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材W1,W2の被接合部を摩擦点接合するのに用いているが、これに限らず、例えば、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部をつき合わせ接合するのに用いても良い。
(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the friction joining method according to the present invention is used for friction point joining of the welded portions of the superposed steel members W1 and W2, but the invention is not limited to this. You may use for joining the to-be-joined part of steel members together.

また、上記実施形態では、ワークWを1枚の第1鋼板W1と1枚の第2鋼板W2とで構成しているが、3枚以上の鋼板で構成しても良い。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the workpiece | work W is comprised by the 1st 1st steel plate W1 and the 1st 2nd steel plate W2, you may comprise by 3 or more steel plates.

また、上記実施形態では、ワークWを焼入れ元素を含有する2枚の高張力鋼板で構成しているが、これに限らず、例えば、焼入れ元素の含有量の少ない2枚の高張力鋼板で構成したり、焼入れ元素を含有する1枚の高張力鋼板と1枚の軟鋼板とで構成したりしても良い。なお、ワークWを、例えば、焼入れ元素を含有する1枚の高張力鋼板と1枚の軟鋼板とで構成する場合など、材質が互いに異なる2枚の鋼板で構成する場合、ステップS6では、各鋼板の被接合部の温度がA3変態点以上であるか否かを判定する必要がある。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the workpiece | work W is comprised with two high-tensile steel plates containing a quenching element, it is not restricted to this, For example, it comprises with two high-tensile steel plates with little content of a quenching element. Or a single high-strength steel plate containing a quenching element and a single mild steel plate. In the case where the workpiece W is composed of two steel plates that are different from each other, for example, when composed of one high-tensile steel plate containing a quenching element and one mild steel plate, in step S6, It is necessary to determine whether or not the temperature of the bonded portion of the steel sheet is equal to or higher than the A3 transformation point.

また、上記実施形態では、温度検出手段としての温度センサ9を受け部材8内に設けているが、ワークWの被接合部の温度を検出できる限り、温度検出手段は如何なるものでも良く、また、何処に設けても良い。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the temperature sensor 9 as a temperature detection means is provided in the receiving member 8, as long as the temperature of the to-be-joined part of the workpiece | work W can be detected, any temperature detection means may be sufficient, It may be installed anywhere.

また、上記実施形態では、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を調整することにより、ワークWの被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にしているが、これに限らず、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力の一方を調整したり、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力以外の接合条件を調整したりすることにより、A1変態点以下にしても良い。   In the above embodiment, the temperature of the bonded portion of the workpiece W is set to the A1 transformation point or lower by adjusting the rotation speed and the pressing force of the rotary tool 7, but not limited thereto, the rotation of the rotary tool 7 is not limited thereto. You may make it below A1 transformation point by adjusting one of a number and pressing force, or adjusting joining conditions other than the rotation speed and pressing force of the rotation tool 7. FIG.

また、上記実施形態では、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を調整することにより、ワークWの被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にしているが、回転ツール7の回転数及び押圧力を調整するのに加えて、その被接合部をエア冷却することにより、A1変態点以下にしても良い。   Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the temperature of the to-be-joined part of the workpiece | work W is made below into an A1 transformation point by adjusting the rotation speed and pressing force of the rotation tool 7, the rotation speed and pressing force of the rotation tool 7 are reduced. In addition to the adjustment, the bonded portion may be cooled to the A1 transformation point or less by air cooling.

本発明は、実施形態に限定されず、その精神又は主要な特徴から逸脱することなく他の色々な形で実施することができる。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and can be implemented in various other forms without departing from the spirit or main features thereof.

このように、上述の実施形態はあらゆる点で単なる例示に過ぎず、限定的に解釈してはならない。本発明の範囲は請求の範囲によって示すものであって、明細書本文には何ら拘束されない。さらに、請求の範囲の均等範囲に属する変形や変更は、全て本発明の範囲内のものである。   As described above, the above-described embodiment is merely an example in all respects and should not be interpreted in a limited manner. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims, and is not restricted by the text of the specification. Further, all modifications and changes belonging to the equivalent scope of the claims are within the scope of the present invention.

以上説明したように、本発明に係る摩擦接合方法は、複数の鋼製部材の被接合部が冷却時にマルテンサイト組織になることを抑制し、その接合強度を向上させるための用途等に適用できる。   As described above, the friction joining method according to the present invention can be applied to applications for suppressing the joining portions of a plurality of steel members from becoming a martensite structure during cooling and improving the joining strength. .

本発明の実施形態に係る接合ガンの概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the joining gun which concerns on embodiment of this invention. Fe−C系状態図である。It is a Fe-C system phase diagram. 接合ガンによるワークの摩擦点接合工程を示す図であり、(a)は、回転ツールの押圧開始時の図であり、(b)は、回転ツールを2枚目の鋼板まで押し込んだ時の図であり、(c)は、回転ツールの回転数を調整した時の図であり、(d)は、回転ツールをワーク内から引き抜いた時の図である。図である。It is a figure which shows the friction point joining process of the workpiece | work by a joining gun, (a) is a figure at the time of the press start of a rotary tool, (b) is a figure when pushing the rotary tool to the 2nd steel plate. (C) is a figure when the number of rotations of the rotary tool is adjusted, and (d) is a figure when the rotary tool is pulled out from the workpiece. FIG. 接合ガンによるワークの摩擦点接合工程のフローチャートである。It is a flowchart of the friction point joining process of the workpiece | work by a joining gun. 従来の、軟鋼板及び高張力鋼板のCCT曲線と抵抗スポット溶接により接合された2枚の鋼板の被接合部の冷却曲線の一例との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the conventional CCT curve of a mild steel plate and a high-tensile steel plate, and an example of the cooling curve of the to-be-joined part of the two steel plates joined by resistance spot welding. 従来の、摩擦接合により接合された2枚の鋼板の被接合部の硬さを示す図であり、(a)は、軟鋼板同士の被接合部の硬さを示す図であり、(b)は、高張力鋼板同士の被接合部の硬さを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the hardness of the to-be-joined part of the two steel plates joined by the conventional friction welding, (a) is a figure which shows the hardness of the to-be-joined part of mild steel plates, (b) These are figures which show the hardness of the to-be-joined part of high tension steel plates.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 接合ガン
2 接合ユニット
3 把持フレーム
4 装置本体
5 押圧軸モータ
6 回転軸モータ
7 回転ツール
7a ショルダー部
7b ピン部
8 受け部材
9 温度センサ(温度検出手段)
W ワーク
W1 第1鋼板
W2 第2鋼板
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Joining gun 2 Joining unit 3 Grasp frame 4 Apparatus main body 5 Pressing shaft motor 6 Rotating shaft motor 7 Rotating tool 7a Shoulder portion 7b Pin portion 8 Receiving member 9 Temperature sensor (temperature detecting means)
W Work W1 First steel plate W2 Second steel plate

Claims (5)

複数の鋼製部材の被接合部に回転ツールを回転させながら押圧することによって発生した摩擦熱で上記被接合部を塑性流動させることにより該被接合部を固相状態で摩擦接合する摩擦接合方法であって、
上記摩擦熱で、上記被接合部の温度をA3変態点以上にし且つ該被接合部を塑性流動させる工程と、
接合条件を調整することにより上記被接合部の温度をA1変態点以下にする温度調整工程と、
上記被接合部の温度がA1変態点以下の状態で、上記回転ツールを上記被接合部から引き抜く工程とを備えたことを特徴とする摩擦接合方法。
Friction welding method for friction-joining the joined parts in a solid state by plastic flow of the joined parts by frictional heat generated by pressing the rotating tool while rotating the rotating tool to the joined parts of a plurality of steel members Because
A step of causing the temperature of the bonded portion to be equal to or higher than the A3 transformation point and causing the bonded portion to plastically flow with the frictional heat;
A temperature adjusting step for adjusting the bonding conditions to lower the temperature of the bonded portion below the A1 transformation point;
And a step of pulling out the rotary tool from the bonded portion in a state where the temperature of the bonded portion is equal to or lower than the A1 transformation point.
請求項1記載の摩擦接合方法において、
上記複数の鋼製部材を重ね合わせ、該重ね合わせた複数の鋼製部材の被接合部を摩擦点接合することを特徴とする摩擦接合方法。
The friction welding method according to claim 1,
A friction joining method comprising: superposing the plurality of steel members, and subjecting the joined portions of the superposed steel members to friction point joining.
請求項1又は2記載の摩擦接合方法において、
上記被接合部の温度を検出する温度検出手段を用意し、
上記温度調整工程では、上記被接合部の温度を上記温度検出手段で検出しながら上記接合条件を調整することを特徴とする摩擦接合方法。
In the friction welding method according to claim 1 or 2,
Prepare a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the bonded part,
In the temperature adjusting step, the joining condition is adjusted while detecting the temperature of the joined portion by the temperature detecting means.
請求項1〜3のいずれか1つに記載の摩擦接合方法において、
上記温度調整工程では、上記接合条件として上記回転ツールの回転数及び押圧力の少なくとも一方を調整することを特徴とする摩擦接合方法。
In the friction welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the temperature adjusting step, at least one of a rotational speed and a pressing force of the rotary tool is adjusted as the joining condition.
請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の摩擦接合方法において、
上記複数の鋼製部材の少なくとも1つとして、鋼の焼入れ性を向上させる焼入れ元素を含有する高張力鋼製部材を用意することを特徴とする摩擦接合方法。
In the friction welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A friction joining method comprising preparing a high-tensile steel member containing a quenching element that improves the hardenability of steel as at least one of the plurality of steel members.
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