JP2008043831A - Stone having surface layer containing photocatalyst covered with silicon oxide film - Google Patents

Stone having surface layer containing photocatalyst covered with silicon oxide film Download PDF

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JP2008043831A
JP2008043831A JP2006218637A JP2006218637A JP2008043831A JP 2008043831 A JP2008043831 A JP 2008043831A JP 2006218637 A JP2006218637 A JP 2006218637A JP 2006218637 A JP2006218637 A JP 2006218637A JP 2008043831 A JP2008043831 A JP 2008043831A
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photocatalyst
silicon oxide
oxide film
surface area
substrate
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Hiroshi Minazu
宏 水津
Nobuhiko Horiuchi
伸彦 堀内
Satoshi Miyazoe
智 宮添
Takashi Nabeta
貴司 鍋田
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Mitsui Chemicals Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C04B41/5035Silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/0004Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
    • C04B2103/0006Alkali metal or inorganic ammonium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2038Resistance against physical degradation
    • C04B2111/2061Materials containing photocatalysts, e.g. TiO2, for avoiding staining by air pollutants or the like

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for easily and economically producing stone having more excellent photocatalytic activity in comparison with that of the stone obtained by using only titanium oxide as a photocatalyst. <P>SOLUTION: A surface layer of the stone contains the photocatalyst which comprises a base material having photocatalytic activity and a silicon oxide film, with which the base material is covered and which has no pore substantially, and has alkali metal content of 1-1,000 ppm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、光触媒活性を有する石材に関する。 The present invention relates to a stone material having photocatalytic activity.

光触媒活性を有する石材に関して、光触媒として最も多く用いられている酸化チタンの光触媒効果による親水性、抗菌性、防汚性を持った商品が種々開発されており、これに関する特許も多く出願されている。例えば、酸化チタンゾルに石材を含浸して、皮膜を付着させたもの(特許文献1を参照)、酸化チタンを無機バインダーで塗布したもの(特許文献2を参照)が知られている。   With regard to stone materials having photocatalytic activity, various products having hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties and antifouling properties due to the photocatalytic effect of titanium oxide, which is most frequently used as a photocatalyst, have been developed, and many patents relating to this have been filed. . For example, a titanium oxide sol impregnated with a stone material and a film attached thereto (see Patent Document 1) and a titanium oxide coated with an inorganic binder (see Patent Document 2) are known.

しかしながら、従来の酸化チタン光触媒、いずれの場合も酸化チタンそのものを用いるため、防汚性能あるいは、抗菌性能が不十分であり、新たな光触媒が求められていた。   However, since the conventional titanium oxide photocatalyst, in any case, titanium oxide itself is used, antifouling performance or antibacterial performance is insufficient, and a new photocatalyst has been demanded.

新規な触媒として、オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンを、気相で光触媒に供給してシリカ系被膜を形成することや、被覆しても光照射条件での殺菌活性が、もとの光触媒の活性よりも高まることが開示されている(特許文献3を参照)。また、アンモニアガス、アミン系ガスなどの塩基性ガスを選択的に除去する酸化チタン光触媒が記載されている(特許文献4を参照)。同文献記載の光触媒は、光触媒活性を有する酸化チタン粒子よりなるコアと、該コアを取り巻くシリカ水和物の被覆層を有している。この被覆層は、塩基性ガスを選択的に吸着し、これを酸化チタンコアの活性サイトへ効率的に供給することによって光触媒全体の塩基性ガス除去能力を高めるように機能するとされている。   As a new catalyst, organohydrogenpolysiloxane is supplied to the photocatalyst in the gas phase to form a silica-based coating, and even when coated, the bactericidal activity under light irradiation conditions is higher than the activity of the original photocatalyst It is disclosed that it increases (see Patent Document 3). In addition, a titanium oxide photocatalyst that selectively removes basic gases such as ammonia gas and amine-based gas is described (see Patent Document 4). The photocatalyst described in this document has a core made of titanium oxide particles having photocatalytic activity, and a silica hydrate coating layer surrounding the core. This coating layer is supposed to function so as to enhance the basic gas removal capability of the entire photocatalyst by selectively adsorbing the basic gas and efficiently supplying it to the active sites of the titanium oxide core.

しかしながら、特許文献3、4に記載されている光触媒では、有機物質に対する光分解性能も十分でなく、特許文献4に記載されている光触媒では塩基性ガス以外の有害なガスに対する吸着能力が不十分であった。これは、特許文献4に記載の方法で得られた光触媒の構造またはシリカ水和物の被膜層の機械的強度や耐久性が不十分であることによるものと考えられる。
特開2000−256079号公報 特開2002−338374号公報 特開昭62−260717号公報 特開2002−159865号公報
However, the photocatalysts described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 do not have sufficient photolytic performance for organic substances, and the photocatalyst described in Patent Document 4 has insufficient adsorption capacity for harmful gases other than basic gases. Met. This is thought to be due to the insufficient mechanical strength and durability of the photocatalyst structure obtained by the method described in Patent Document 4 or the silica hydrate coating layer.
JP 2000-256079 A JP 2002-338374 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-260717 JP 2002-159865 A

本発明は上記のような事情を鑑みてなされたものであり、従来の光触媒を使用した場合と比較し、光触媒活性の高い、すなわち、防汚性能に優れた石材を提供することにある。   This invention is made | formed in view of the above situations, and it is providing the stone material with high photocatalytic activity, ie, excellent in antifouling performance, compared with the case where the conventional photocatalyst is used.

本発明者らは、前記の課題を解決するため鋭意検討した結果、
光触媒活性を有する基体と、
該基体を被覆する、実質的に細孔を有しない酸化珪素膜とを有し、アルカリ金属含有量が1ppm以上1000ppm以下である、光触媒を表面層に含有する石材が高い光触媒活性を持つことを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have
A substrate having photocatalytic activity;
A stone material having a photocatalyst in the surface layer, which has a silicon oxide film that substantially covers no pores and has an alkali metal content of 1 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less, and has a high photocatalytic activity. The headline and the present invention have been completed.

本発明によれば、酸化チタンである市販の光触媒を使用する場合と比較し光触媒活性が顕著に高い、光触媒機能を有する石材を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stone material which has a photocatalytic function remarkably high compared with the case where the commercially available photocatalyst which is a titanium oxide is used can be provided.

本発明の石材は、
光触媒活性を有する基体と、この基体を被覆する実質的に細孔を有さない酸化珪素膜とを有し、且つアルカリ金属含有量が1ppm以上、1000ppm以下である光触媒(以下、適宜「酸化珪素被覆光触媒」と略記する)
を表面層に含むものである。
The stone of the present invention is
A photocatalyst having a photocatalytic activity substrate and a silicon oxide film having substantially no pores covering the substrate and having an alkali metal content of 1 ppm to 1000 ppm (hereinafter referred to as “silicon oxide” Abbreviated as “coated photocatalyst”)
In the surface layer.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒とは、光触媒機能を有する基体の表面を酸化珪素からなる膜で被覆したものを意味する。したがって、酸化珪素の存在下で後から光触媒を形成して製造される、酸化珪素に光触媒を固定化したものや、酸化珪素と光触媒を同一容器中で並行して形成させた複合体は、含まれない。   The silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst means one obtained by coating the surface of a substrate having a photocatalytic function with a film made of silicon oxide. Therefore, the photocatalyst is formed later in the presence of silicon oxide, which is produced by immobilizing the photocatalyst on silicon oxide, and the composite formed by forming silicon oxide and photocatalyst in parallel in the same container are included. I can't.

酸化珪素膜が基体を被覆する態様は特に制限されず、基体の一部を被覆する態様、全部を被覆する態様のいずれも含むが、より高い光分解活性を得る観点からは、基体の表面が酸化珪素からなる膜で一様に被覆されていることが好ましい。   A mode in which the silicon oxide film covers the substrate is not particularly limited, and includes both a mode in which a part of the substrate is coated and a mode in which the substrate is entirely coated. From the viewpoint of obtaining higher photolytic activity, the surface of the substrate is It is preferable that the film is uniformly coated with a film made of silicon oxide.

ここで、酸化珪素膜とは、未焼成の膜および焼成後の膜いずれの形態でも良い。本発明においては、焼成後の酸化珪素の焼成膜が好ましい。   Here, the silicon oxide film may be in the form of an unfired film or a fired film. In the present invention, a fired film of silicon oxide after firing is preferred.

光触媒活性を有する基体(以下、適宜「基体」と略記する。)としては、金属化合物光半導体を用いることができる。金属化合物光半導体としては、例えば、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、酸化タングステンおよびチタン酸ストロンチウムなどがあり、このうち、光触媒活性に優れており、無害かつ安定性にも優れる酸化チタンが好ましい。酸化チタンとしては、例えば、非晶質、アナターゼ型、ルチル型、ブルッカイト型等が挙げられる。このうち、光触媒活性に優れているアナターゼ型あるいはルチル型、または、これらの混合物がより好ましく、これらに非晶質が少量含まれていてもかまわない。   As a substrate having photocatalytic activity (hereinafter abbreviated as “substrate” as appropriate), a metal compound photo semiconductor can be used. Examples of the metal compound optical semiconductor include titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tungsten oxide, and strontium titanate. Among these, titanium oxide is preferable because of its excellent photocatalytic activity, harmlessness and excellent stability. Examples of the titanium oxide include amorphous, anatase, rutile, and brookite types. Of these, the anatase type or rutile type, which are excellent in photocatalytic activity, or a mixture thereof is more preferable, and these may contain a small amount of amorphous substance.

基体として、金属化合物光半導体に1種以上の遷移金属を添加したもの、金属化合物光半導体に14族、15族、および/または16族の典型元素を1種以上添加したもの、2種以上の金属化合物からなる光半導体、2種以上の金属化合物光半導体の混合物も使用できる。   As a substrate, one having one or more transition metals added to a metal compound optical semiconductor, one or more typical elements of group 14, 15, and / or group 16 added to a metal compound optical semiconductor, two or more A photo semiconductor made of a metal compound and a mixture of two or more metal compound photo semiconductors can also be used.

さらに、基体としては、金属化合物光半導体の粒子を用いることが好ましいが、また、基体の比表面積は、30m/g以上が好ましく、より好ましくは120〜400m/gであり、最も好ましくは120〜300m/gの金属化合物光半導体を含有するものが好ましい。基体の比表面積が上記範囲内にある場合、良好な触媒活性が維持され得る。 Further, as the substrate, it is preferable to use particles of metal compound optical semiconductor, also, the specific surface area of the substrate, preferably at least 30 m 2 / g, more preferably 120~400m 2 / g, most preferably The thing containing 120-300 m < 2 > / g metal compound optical semiconductor is preferable. When the specific surface area of the substrate is within the above range, good catalytic activity can be maintained.

なお、基体が粒子として明確に認識できる場合、基体の比表面積は、一般的なBET法により算出することができる。そうでない場合、基体の比表面積は、X線回折分析とシェラー式による算出、あるいは電子顕微鏡を用いた一次粒子の観察から求まる一次粒子径を元にして、球形換算で「表面積」を算出し、かつ、X線や電子線の回折分析から結晶相を把握してその結晶相の真密度と前記球形換算から求まる体積とから「重量」を算出することによって、比表面積を求めることが可能である。   If the substrate can be clearly recognized as particles, the specific surface area of the substrate can be calculated by a general BET method. Otherwise, the specific surface area of the substrate is calculated by X-ray diffraction analysis and Scherrer formula, or based on the primary particle diameter obtained from the observation of the primary particles using an electron microscope, the “surface area” is calculated in spherical form, In addition, the specific surface area can be obtained by grasping the crystal phase from diffraction analysis of X-rays or electron beams and calculating the “weight” from the true density of the crystal phase and the volume obtained from the spherical conversion. .

基体が粒子である場合、その一次粒子径は1nm以上50nm以下が好ましく、2nm以上30nm以下がより好ましい。基体の一次粒子径がこの範囲内にある場合、良好な触媒活性が維持され得る。   When the substrate is a particle, the primary particle size is preferably 1 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 2 nm to 30 nm. When the primary particle size of the substrate is within this range, good catalytic activity can be maintained.

本発明において、アルカリ金属としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム、フランシウムが挙げられる。これらのアルカリ金属は1種を含んでいてもよく、これらを2種以上含んでいても良い。このうち、ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムが好ましく、ナトリウムがより好ましい。   In the present invention, examples of the alkali metal include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. These alkali metals may contain 1 type, and may contain 2 or more types of these. Among these, sodium and / or potassium are preferable, and sodium is more preferable.

光触媒中のアルカリ金属含有量は、原子吸光光度計(AA)、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(ICP)、蛍光X線分析装置(XRF)等を用いて定量可能である。酸化珪素被覆光触媒中のアルカリ金属含有量は1ppm以上が好ましく、10ppm以上がより好ましい。1ppm以上であれば、光分解活性の向上効果が得られ、10ppm以上であれば、この光分解活性の向上効果が顕著となる。アルカリ金属を所定量含有することにより光分解活性が向上する理由については必ずしも明らかではないが、分解目的物の吸着率が向上することによるものと考えられる。一方、アルカリ金属含有量の上限については、1000ppm以下が好ましく、500ppm以下がより好ましく、200ppm以下がさらに好ましい。1000ppm以下とすることにより、酸化珪素膜の溶出を抑制できる。また、500ppm以下とすることで、800℃をこえる温度領域における焼成処理での光触媒の焼結の発生を抑制でき、200ppm以下とすることで光触媒の焼結をさらに進行しにくくできる。   The alkali metal content in the photocatalyst can be quantified using an atomic absorption photometer (AA), an inductively coupled plasma emission analyzer (ICP), a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF) or the like. The alkali metal content in the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is preferably 1 ppm or more, and more preferably 10 ppm or more. If it is 1 ppm or more, the improvement effect of photodegradation activity will be acquired, and if it is 10 ppm or more, this improvement effect of photolysis activity will become remarkable. The reason why the photodegradation activity is improved by containing a predetermined amount of alkali metal is not necessarily clear, but is thought to be due to an improvement in the adsorption rate of the decomposition target. On the other hand, the upper limit of the alkali metal content is preferably 1000 ppm or less, more preferably 500 ppm or less, and even more preferably 200 ppm or less. By setting it to 1000 ppm or less, elution of the silicon oxide film can be suppressed. Moreover, by setting it as 500 ppm or less, generation | occurrence | production of the sintering of the photocatalyst by the baking process in the temperature range over 800 degreeC can be suppressed, and sintering of a photocatalyst can further be hard to advance by setting it as 200 ppm or less.

また、酸化珪素膜に含まれるアルカリ金属含有量は1ppm以上500ppm以下が好ましく、1ppm以上200ppm以下がより好ましい。   The alkali metal content contained in the silicon oxide film is preferably 1 ppm to 500 ppm, more preferably 1 ppm to 200 ppm.

「実質的に細孔を有さない」とは、酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒を製造した際に原料として使用する光触媒活性を有する基体と、この光触媒活性を有する基体を用いて調製した酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒とについて、20〜500オングストロームの領域で細孔径分布を比較した場合に、酸化珪素膜に細孔が実質的に存在しないことを意味する。   “Substantially free of pores” means a photocatalytic activity substrate used as a raw material when producing a photocatalyst coated with a silicon oxide film, and an oxidation prepared using the photocatalytic activity substrate. When comparing the pore size distribution in the region of 20 to 500 angstroms with the photocatalyst coated with the silicon film, it means that the pores are not substantially present in the silicon oxide film.

具体的には、光触媒活性を有する基体、並びに、酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒の細孔径分布を、窒素吸着法等の細孔分布測定によって把握し、これらを比較することによって酸化珪素膜に細孔が実質的に存在しないか否かを判定できる。   Specifically, the pore size distribution of a photocatalytic substrate coated with a photocatalytic activity and a photocatalyst coated with a silicon oxide film is ascertained by pore distribution measurement such as a nitrogen adsorption method, and these are compared to form a silicon oxide film. It can be determined whether or not the pores are substantially absent.

窒素吸着法での把握方法をより具体的に述べると、以下の(1)〜(4)の手法によって酸化珪素膜の細孔の有無を判定することができる。ここでは、基体として、光触媒粒子を用いる例を挙げて説明する。
(1)光触媒粒子を、200℃で乾燥した後、脱着過程でのN吸着等温線を測定する。
(2)酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒の脱着過程でのN吸着等温線を測定する。
(3)BJH(Barrett−Joyner−Halenda)法で、前記二つのN吸着等温線を解析して、20〜500オングストロームの領域のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線を求める。
(4)二つのlog微分細孔容積分布曲線を比較し、酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒のlog微分細孔容積が、光触媒粒子のlog微分細孔容積よりも0.1ml/g以上大きい領域が存在しない場合には、酸化珪素膜に細孔が実質的にないと判定し、0.1ml/g以上大きい領域が存在する場合には、酸化珪素膜に細孔が有ると判定する。なお、0.1ml/g以上とするのは、窒素吸着法による細孔分布測定では、log微分細孔容積値で約0.1ml/g幅の測定誤差が生じることが多いためである。
More specifically, the grasping method in the nitrogen adsorption method can determine the presence or absence of pores in the silicon oxide film by the following methods (1) to (4). Here, an example in which photocatalyst particles are used as the substrate will be described.
(1) After drying the photocatalyst particles at 200 ° C., the N 2 adsorption isotherm in the desorption process is measured.
(2) The N 2 adsorption isotherm in the desorption process of the photocatalyst coated with the silicon oxide film is measured.
(3) The two N 2 adsorption isotherms are analyzed by a BJH (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda) method to obtain a log differential pore volume distribution curve in a region of 20 to 500 angstroms.
(4) A region in which two log differential pore volume distribution curves are compared, and the log differential pore volume of the photocatalyst coated with the silicon oxide film is 0.1 ml / g or more larger than the log differential pore volume of the photocatalyst particle When there is no pore, it is determined that the silicon oxide film has substantially no pores, and when there is a region larger than 0.1 ml / g, it is determined that the silicon oxide film has pores. The reason why the concentration is 0.1 ml / g or more is that, in the pore distribution measurement by the nitrogen adsorption method, a measurement error of about 0.1 ml / g width often occurs in the log differential pore volume value.

20〜500オングストロームの範囲で2つのlog微分細孔容積分布曲線を比較すれば、酸化珪素膜の細孔の有無を実質的に判定することができる。   If two log differential pore volume distribution curves are compared in the range of 20 to 500 angstroms, the presence or absence of pores in the silicon oxide film can be substantially determined.

なお、二つのlog微分細孔容積分布曲線を比較し、10〜1000オングストロームの領域で酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒のlog微分細孔容積が、光触媒粒子のlog微分細孔容積よりも0.1ml/g以上大きい領域が存在しないことがより好ましい。   The two log differential pore volume distribution curves were compared, and the log differential pore volume of the photocatalyst coated with the silicon oxide film in the region of 10 to 1000 angstroms was less than the log differential pore volume of the photocatalyst particles. More preferably, there is no region larger than 1 ml / g.

ここで、酸化珪素膜に細孔が存在する場合、光分解活性が向上し難い。この理由は必ずしも明らかではないが、細孔の存在によって酸化珪素膜での光の散乱や反射が起こりやすくなり、光触媒活性を有する基体に到達する紫外線の光量が減少し、光触媒励起による正孔と電子の生成量が減少することによるものと推察される。また、同じ酸化珪素量で被覆した場合、細孔有りのものは、細孔無しのものに比べ、細孔の容積の分だけ酸化珪素膜の厚さが増す結果、光触媒活性を有する基体と分解対象物である有機物との物理的距離が大きくなるため、充分な光分解活性が得られないものと推察される。   Here, when the silicon oxide film has pores, it is difficult to improve the photolytic activity. The reason for this is not necessarily clear, but the presence of pores facilitates light scattering and reflection at the silicon oxide film, reduces the amount of ultraviolet light reaching the photocatalytic activity substrate, This is probably due to a decrease in the amount of electrons generated. Also, when coated with the same amount of silicon oxide, the one with pores is decomposed from the substrate with photocatalytic activity as a result of the increase in the thickness of the silicon oxide film by the volume of the pores compared to the one without pores. It is presumed that sufficient photodegradation activity cannot be obtained because the physical distance from the organic substance that is the object increases.

本発明に係る酸化珪素被覆光触媒の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は、酸化珪素被覆光触媒が含有する珪素量と、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の表面積から算出される計算値である。酸化珪素被覆光触媒の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は、その表面積1m当りの珪素担持量が0.10mg以上、2.0mg以下であり、好ましくは0.12mg以上、1.5mg以下、より好ましくは0.16mg以上、1.25mg以下、さらに好ましくは0.18mg以上、1.25mg以下である。0.10mg未満では、酸化珪素膜による光触媒活性向上効果が小さい。一方、2.0mgを超えると、酸化珪素被覆光触媒に占める基体の割合が低下しすぎるので、光触媒機能がほとんど向上しない。珪素担持量を上記範囲とすることで、酸化珪素膜による光触媒活性向上効果が顕著になる。 The amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst according to the present invention is a calculated value calculated from the amount of silicon contained in the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst and the surface area of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst. Silicon supported amount per surface area of 1m 2 of the silicon oxide coated photocatalyst, the surface area of 1m silicon supported per 2 or more 0.10 mg, and at 2.0mg or less, preferably 0.12mg above, 1.5 mg or less, more Preferably they are 0.16 mg or more and 1.25 mg or less, More preferably, they are 0.18 mg or more and 1.25 mg or less. If it is less than 0.10 mg, the photocatalytic activity improvement effect by the silicon oxide film is small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 2.0 mg, the proportion of the substrate in the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is too low, so that the photocatalytic function is hardly improved. By making the silicon loading amount in the above range, the photocatalytic activity improvement effect by the silicon oxide film becomes remarkable.

基体および酸化珪素被覆光触媒の表面積は、露点−195.8℃以下の乾燥ガス気流下、150℃で15分加熱処理した後に、窒素吸脱着によるBET法比表面積測定装置を用いて測定することができる。   The surface area of the substrate and the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst can be measured using a BET specific surface area measuring apparatus by nitrogen adsorption / desorption after heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 15 minutes in a dry gas stream having a dew point of −195.8 ° C. or less. it can.

本発明の酸化珪素被覆光触媒の製造方法は、水系媒体中に存在させた基体に珪酸塩を用いて酸化珪素膜を被覆する際、基体と珪酸塩の両方を含む混合液のpHを5以下に維持することを特徴とする。   In the method for producing a silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst of the present invention, when a silicon oxide film is coated on a substrate existing in an aqueous medium using a silicate, the pH of the mixed solution containing both the substrate and the silicate is 5 or less. It is characterized by maintaining.

上記製造方法において、水系媒体としては、水、あるいは水を主成分とし、脂肪族アルコール類、脂肪族エーテル類等のうち、水に溶解可能な有機溶媒を含む混合液が挙げられる。水系媒体を具体的に例示するとすれば、水、並びに、水とメチルアルコール、水とエチルアルコール、水とイソプロパノール等の混合液が挙げられる。これらの中では水が好ましい。また、これらの水および混合液は、1種単独で、または2種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。更に、水系媒体には、光触媒の分散性あるいは溶解性を向上させるために、脂肪族アルコール類、脂肪族エーテル類等のうち、水に溶解可能な有機溶媒、並びに脂肪族アミン類、脂肪族ポリエーテル類およびゼラチン類等の界面活性剤を混ぜることもできる。   In the above production method, examples of the aqueous medium include water or a mixed solution containing water as a main component and containing an organic solvent that is soluble in water among aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ethers, and the like. Specific examples of the aqueous medium include water and a mixed solution of water and methyl alcohol, water and ethyl alcohol, water and isopropanol, and the like. Of these, water is preferred. Moreover, these water and a liquid mixture can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. Further, in order to improve the dispersibility or solubility of the photocatalyst, the aqueous medium includes an organic solvent that can be dissolved in water among aliphatic alcohols and aliphatic ethers, aliphatic amines, and aliphatic polymers. Surfactants such as ethers and gelatins can also be mixed.

珪酸塩としては、珪酸および/またはそのオリゴマーの塩を用い、2種以上を混合して用いても良い。ナトリウム塩およびカリウム塩は、工業的に入手容易である点から好ましく、溶解工程を省略できるので珪酸ナトリウム水溶液(JIS K1408“水ガラス”)がさらに好ましい。   As the silicate, silicic acid and / or an oligomer salt thereof may be used, and two or more kinds may be mixed and used. Sodium salts and potassium salts are preferred from the viewpoint of industrial availability, and an aqueous sodium silicate solution (JIS K1408 “water glass”) is more preferred because the dissolution step can be omitted.

水系媒体中に存在させた基体に珪酸塩を用いて酸化珪素膜を被覆する際には、水系媒体、基体、および珪酸塩を混合し、続けてこの混合液を熟成する。   When a silicon oxide film is coated with a silicate on a substrate present in an aqueous medium, the aqueous medium, the substrate, and the silicate are mixed, and then this mixed solution is aged.

具体的に示すと、
(i)基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩、
(ii)珪酸塩を含む水系媒体と基体、および
(iii)基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩を含む水系媒体、
の少なくともいずれか一組を混合する工程、並びにこの混合液を熟成する工程からなる被覆方法である。熟成する工程では、基体に対する酸化珪素膜の被覆が徐々に進むこととなる。
Specifically,
(i) an aqueous medium containing a substrate and a silicate,
(ii) an aqueous medium containing a silicate and a substrate, and
(iii) an aqueous medium containing a substrate and an aqueous medium containing a silicate,
A coating method comprising a step of mixing at least one set of the above and a step of aging the mixed solution. In the aging step, the coating of the silicon oxide film on the substrate gradually proceeds.

この際、基体および珪酸塩の両方を含む水系媒体のpHを5以下に維持することが必要であり、pH4以下の酸性領域とすることがより好ましい。基体の非存在下でpH5以下を維持した場合、珪酸、珪酸イオンおよび/またはこれらのオリゴマーから、珪酸化合物の縮合物が単独では析出しにくい。一方、基体の存在下でpH5以下を維持した場合、基体の表面が珪酸化合物の縮合触媒として作用し、酸化珪素膜が基体の表面にのみ速やかに生成される。すなわち、pHが5以下の酸性領域は、珪酸化合物を含む溶液を安定に存在させることができ、かつ、基体の表面に酸化珪素を膜状に形成可能な領域である。   At this time, it is necessary to maintain the pH of the aqueous medium containing both the substrate and the silicate at 5 or less, and it is more preferable to set the pH to 4 or less. When the pH is maintained at 5 or lower in the absence of the substrate, the condensate of the silicic acid compound hardly precipitates alone from silicic acid, silicic acid ions and / or oligomers thereof. On the other hand, when the pH is maintained at 5 or lower in the presence of the substrate, the surface of the substrate acts as a condensation catalyst for the silicate compound, and a silicon oxide film is rapidly formed only on the surface of the substrate. That is, the acidic region having a pH of 5 or less is a region where a solution containing a silicate compound can be stably present and silicon oxide can be formed in a film shape on the surface of the substrate.

pH11以上の塩基性領域においても、pH5以下の酸性領域と同様に珪酸、珪酸イオンおよび/またはこれらのオリゴマーを含む液を熟成した際に、珪酸化合物の縮合物は析出しにくい。また、用いた珪酸塩のうちの一部しか酸化珪素膜を形成しないので、好ましくない。また、pH6〜11の領域は、珪酸化合物の縮合物、すなわち、酸化珪素微粒子および/またはゲル等が生じやすいため、酸化珪素膜が多孔質となったり、基体の表面上で局所的に酸化珪素が形成されるので好ましくない。   Even in a basic region having a pH of 11 or more, as in the acidic region having a pH of 5 or less, when a liquid containing silicic acid, silicate ions and / or oligomers thereof is ripened, the condensate of the silicate compound hardly precipitates. Moreover, since only a part of the used silicate forms a silicon oxide film, it is not preferable. Further, in the pH 6 to 11 region, a condensate of a silicate compound, that is, silicon oxide fine particles and / or gel is likely to be generated, so that the silicon oxide film becomes porous or the silicon oxide locally on the surface of the substrate. Is not preferable.

水系媒体中にアルコール等の有機媒体が存在する場合には、水用のpH電極ではpHを正確に測定できないので、有機媒体を含む水溶液用のpH電極を用いて測定する。別途、有機媒体を同体積の水で置き換えてpHを測定することも可能である。   When an organic medium such as alcohol is present in the aqueous medium, the pH cannot be accurately measured with a water pH electrode, and therefore, measurement is performed using a pH electrode for an aqueous solution containing the organic medium. Separately, it is also possible to measure the pH by replacing the organic medium with the same volume of water.

基体と珪酸塩の両方を含む混合液を、pH5以下に維持する方法としては、基体、珪酸塩、水系溶媒の混合および熟成を行う際、水系媒体のpHを常時測定し、適宜、酸および塩基を加えて調整する方法でも構わない。しかし、製造に用いる珪酸塩に含まれる塩基成分の総量を中和した上でpH5以下となるに十分な量の酸を予め水系媒体中に存在させておくことが簡便である。   As a method of maintaining the mixed solution containing both the substrate and the silicate at a pH of 5 or less, the pH of the aqueous medium is constantly measured when mixing and aging the substrate, the silicate, and the aqueous solvent, and an acid and a base are appropriately used. It is possible to adjust by adding. However, it is easy to neutralize the total amount of the base components contained in the silicate used for the production, and to make a sufficient amount of acid present in the aqueous medium in advance so that the pH is 5 or lower.

酸は、どのような酸でも使用可能であるが、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸等の鉱酸が好適に用いられる。酸は、1種のみを用いても、2種以上を混合して用いても良い。この中で塩酸、硝酸が好ましい。硫酸を使用する場合、光触媒中の硫黄含有量が多く残存すると、吸着効率が経時劣化することがある。光触媒中の硫黄含有量は、光触媒の全重量を基準として、0.5重量%以下が好ましく、0.4重量%以下がより好ましい。   Although any acid can be used, mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid are preferably used. Only one kind of acid may be used, or two or more kinds of acids may be mixed and used. Of these, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are preferred. When sulfuric acid is used, if a large amount of sulfur remains in the photocatalyst, the adsorption efficiency may deteriorate over time. The sulfur content in the photocatalyst is preferably 0.5% by weight or less, more preferably 0.4% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the photocatalyst.

塩基は、珪酸塩に含まれる塩基成分の総量を中和した上でpH5以下となるのに十分な量の酸を予め水系媒体中に存在させておく前述した方法を使用する場合には、特に別途用いる必要は無い。しかしながら、塩基を用いる場合は、どのような塩基でも使用可能である。なかでも、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム等のアルカリ金属水酸化物が好適に用いられる。   When using the above-described method in which a sufficient amount of acid is previously present in the aqueous medium to neutralize the total amount of the base components contained in the silicate and then to have a pH of 5 or lower. There is no need to use it separately. However, when a base is used, any base can be used. Of these, alkali metal hydroxides such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide are preferably used.

混合溶液を熟成し、基体に対して酸化珪素膜を被覆する際の反応温度および反応時間等の反応条件は、目的とする酸化珪素被覆光触媒の生成に悪影響を与えない条件であれば特に限定されない。反応温度は10℃以上200℃以下であることが好ましく、20℃以上80℃以下であることがより好ましい。   The reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and reaction time when the mixed solution is aged and the silicon oxide film is coated on the substrate are not particularly limited as long as they do not adversely affect the production of the target silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst. . The reaction temperature is preferably 10 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.

10℃未満であると、珪酸化合物の縮合が進行し難くなることにより、酸化珪素膜の生成が著しく遅延し、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の生産性の悪化を招くことがある。   When the temperature is less than 10 ° C., the condensation of the silicate compound is difficult to proceed, so that the formation of the silicon oxide film is remarkably delayed and the productivity of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst may be deteriorated.

200℃より高温であると、珪酸化合物の縮合物、すなわち、酸化珪素微粒子および/またはゲル等が生じやすいため、酸化珪素膜が多孔質となったり、基体表面上で局所的に酸化珪素が形成されてしまうことがある。   When the temperature is higher than 200 ° C., a condensate of a silicate compound, that is, silicon oxide fine particles and / or gel is likely to be generated, so that the silicon oxide film becomes porous or silicon oxide is locally formed on the substrate surface. It may be done.

熟成時間は、10分以上、500時間以下であることが好ましく、1時間以上、100時間以下であることがより好ましい。10分未満であると、酸化珪素膜による被覆が充分に進行せず、被膜による光分解活性の向上効果が充分に得られない場合がある。500時間より長時間であると、光触媒機能を有する基体は、酸化珪素膜により充分に被覆され、光分解機能も向上するが、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の生産性が悪化することがある。   The aging time is preferably 10 minutes or more and 500 hours or less, and more preferably 1 hour or more and 100 hours or less. If it is less than 10 minutes, the coating with the silicon oxide film does not proceed sufficiently, and the effect of improving the photolytic activity by the coating may not be sufficiently obtained. If it is longer than 500 hours, the substrate having the photocatalytic function is sufficiently covered with the silicon oxide film and the photodecomposing function is improved, but the productivity of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst may be deteriorated.

また、混合液中に含まれる光触媒活性を有する基体の濃度は1重量%以上50重量%以下であることが好ましく、5重量%以上30重量%以下であることがより好ましい。1重量%未満であると、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の生産性が悪くなり、50重量%より高濃度であると基体に対する酸化珪素膜の被覆が均一に進行せず、光分解活性の向上効果が充分に得られないことがある。混合液中に含まれる珪素の濃度は0.05重量%以上5重量%以下であることが好ましく、0.1重量%以上3重量%以下であることがより好ましい。珪素濃度が0.05重量%未満であると、珪酸化合物の縮合が遅延し、基体に対する酸化珪素膜の被覆が充分でなくなることがある。珪素濃度が5重量%より高濃度であると、基体に対する酸化珪素膜の被覆が均一に進行しないことがある。   The concentration of the substrate having photocatalytic activity contained in the mixed solution is preferably 1% by weight to 50% by weight, and more preferably 5% by weight to 30% by weight. When the amount is less than 1% by weight, the productivity of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst deteriorates. When the concentration is higher than 50% by weight, the coating of the silicon oxide film on the substrate does not proceed uniformly, and the effect of improving the photolytic activity is sufficient. May not be obtained. The concentration of silicon contained in the mixed solution is preferably 0.05% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 3% by weight or less. When the silicon concentration is less than 0.05% by weight, the condensation of the silicate compound is delayed, and the substrate may not be sufficiently covered with the silicon oxide film. If the silicon concentration is higher than 5% by weight, the coating of the silicon oxide film on the substrate may not proceed uniformly.

本発明の酸化珪素被覆光触媒の製造方法において、光触媒活性を有する基体および珪酸塩の使用量の比率は、前記基体の表面積1m当りの珪素原子として、0.01mg/m以上、0.50mg/m以下であることが好ましい。この範囲の比率で製造すれば、前記基体の表面に酸化珪素膜を形成する工程、すなわち、前記基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩、珪酸塩を含む水系媒体と前記基体、および前記基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩を含む水系媒体、の少なくともいずれか一組を混合し熟成する工程において、基体の表面に所望の酸化珪素膜を形成できると共に、基体の表面で縮合せずに未反応で残った、珪酸、珪酸イオン、および/またはこれらのオリゴマーの量を少なく抑えられるので、細孔を有する酸化珪素膜が形成されることが少ない。0.50mg/m以上、5.0mg/m以下の範囲では、比率が大きくなるほど、未反応物の量が増え、細孔を有する酸化珪素膜が形成されることがあるが、未反応物の縮合が進行して細孔が生じることに対して、処理時間を短くすることで回避することが可能である。 In the method for producing a silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst of the present invention, the ratio of the amount of the substrate having photocatalytic activity and the amount of silicate used is 0.01 mg / m 2 or more and 0.50 mg as silicon atoms per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the substrate. / M 2 or less is preferable. If manufactured at a ratio in this range, a step of forming a silicon oxide film on the surface of the substrate, that is, an aqueous medium containing the substrate and a silicate, an aqueous medium containing the silicate, the substrate, and an aqueous system containing the substrate In the step of mixing and aging at least one of a medium and an aqueous medium containing silicate, a desired silicon oxide film can be formed on the surface of the substrate, and it remains unreacted without being condensed on the surface of the substrate. In addition, since the amount of silicic acid, silicate ions, and / or oligomers thereof can be suppressed, a silicon oxide film having pores is rarely formed. In the range of 0.50 mg / m 2 or more and 5.0 mg / m 2 or less, as the ratio increases, the amount of unreacted material may increase and a silicon oxide film having pores may be formed. It can be avoided by shortening the treatment time that the condensation of the product proceeds to generate pores.

本発明の酸化珪素被覆光触媒の製造方法をより具体的に示すとすれば、例えば、
(工程a)基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩、珪酸塩を含む水系媒体と基体、および基体を含む水系媒体と珪酸塩を含む水系媒体、の少なくともいずれか一組を混合する工程、
(工程b)この混合液を熟成し、前記基体に対して酸化珪素膜を被覆する工程、
(工程c)混合液を中和せずに、酸化珪素被覆光触媒を水系媒体から分離および洗浄する工程、
(工程d)酸化珪素被覆光触媒を乾燥および/または焼成する工程、からなり、
かつ、工程a並びに工程bにおいて、前記基体および珪酸塩の両方を含む水系媒体のpHを5以下に維持する製造方法が挙げられる。
If the production method of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst of the present invention is shown more specifically, for example,
(Step a) A step of mixing at least one set of an aqueous medium containing a substrate and a silicate, an aqueous medium containing a silicate and a substrate, and an aqueous medium containing a substrate and an aqueous medium containing a silicate,
(Step b) A step of aging this mixed solution and coating the substrate with a silicon oxide film,
(Step c) A step of separating and washing the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst from the aqueous medium without neutralizing the mixed solution,
(Step d) comprising a step of drying and / or calcining the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst,
And the manufacturing method which maintains the pH of the aqueous medium containing both the said base | substrate and a silicate at 5 or less in the process a and the process b is mentioned.

水系媒体から酸化珪素被覆光触媒を分離する際に、中和すると、洗浄工程でのアルカリ金属分の低減効率が悪くなる点、並びに水系媒体中に溶解したまま残った珪素化合物が縮合、ゲル化して多孔質シリカ膜が形成される点が問題となる。予め珪酸塩溶液を脱アルカリし、この脱アルカリした液を調製して製造に用いること、並びに光触媒機能を有する基体および珪酸塩の使用量の比率を小さくすること、によって上記の問題を回避あるいは極小化することも可能である。しかしながら、中和せずに酸化珪素被覆光触媒を水系媒体から分離すると、上記問題を回避でき、かつ製法が簡便なので好ましい。   When the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is separated from the aqueous medium, neutralization reduces the alkali metal content reduction efficiency in the washing process, and the silicon compound remaining dissolved in the aqueous medium is condensed and gelled. The problem is that a porous silica film is formed. Dealkali the silicate solution in advance, prepare this dealkalized liquid and use it in production, and reduce or reduce the ratio of the amount of the substrate having the photocatalytic function and the silicate, thereby minimizing the above problem It is also possible to However, it is preferable to separate the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst from the aqueous medium without neutralization because the above problem can be avoided and the production method is simple.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒の混合液からの分離方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、自然濾過法、減圧濾過法、加圧濾過法、遠心分離法などの公知の方法が好適に利用できる。   A method for separating the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst from the mixed solution is not particularly limited, and known methods such as a natural filtration method, a vacuum filtration method, a pressure filtration method, and a centrifugal separation method can be suitably used.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒の洗浄方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、純水への再分散化とろ過の繰り返し、イオン交換処理による脱塩洗浄、などが好適に利用できる。また、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の用途によっては、洗浄工程を省略することも可能である。   The method for cleaning the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is not particularly limited, and for example, redispersion in pure water and repeated filtration, desalting cleaning by ion exchange treatment, and the like can be suitably used. Further, depending on the use of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst, the cleaning step can be omitted.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒の乾燥方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、風乾、減圧乾燥、加熱乾燥、噴霧乾燥、などが好適に利用できる。また、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の用途によっては、乾燥工程を省略することも可能である。   The method for drying the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is not particularly limited, and for example, air drying, reduced pressure drying, heat drying, spray drying, and the like can be suitably used. Further, depending on the use of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst, the drying step can be omitted.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒の焼成方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、減圧焼成、空気焼成、窒素焼成等が好適に利用できる。通常、焼成は200℃以上1200℃以下の温度で実施できるが、400℃以上1000℃以下が好ましく、400℃以上800℃以下がより好ましい。焼成温度が200℃未満であると、基体表面上に所望の酸化珪素の焼成膜が生成せず、不安定な構造となってしまう。さらに、多量の水が酸化珪素周辺に存在することにより、ガスに対する吸着性能が充分に発揮されず、同時に充分な光分解活性も得られない。焼成温度が1200℃より高温であると、酸化珪素被覆光触媒の焼結が進行し、充分な光分解活性が得られない。   The firing method of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is not particularly limited, and for example, reduced-pressure firing, air firing, nitrogen firing and the like can be suitably used. Usually, baking can be performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 1200 ° C. or lower, but 400 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower is preferable, and 400 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower is more preferable. When the firing temperature is less than 200 ° C., a desired fired silicon oxide film is not formed on the surface of the substrate, resulting in an unstable structure. Furthermore, due to the presence of a large amount of water around the silicon oxide, the gas adsorption performance is not sufficiently exhibited, and at the same time, sufficient photolytic activity cannot be obtained. When the firing temperature is higher than 1200 ° C., sintering of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst proceeds and sufficient photolytic activity cannot be obtained.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒に含有される水分含有量は、7重量%以下であることが好ましい。5重量%以下がさらに好ましく、4重量%以下が最も好ましい。水分含有量が7重量%以上であると、多量の水が酸化珪素周辺に存在することにより、ガスに対する吸着性能が充分に発揮されず、同時に充分な光分解活性も得られない。   The water content contained in the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is preferably 7% by weight or less. 5% by weight or less is more preferable, and 4% by weight or less is most preferable. When the water content is 7% by weight or more, a large amount of water is present around the silicon oxide, so that the gas adsorption performance is not sufficiently exhibited, and at the same time, sufficient photolytic activity cannot be obtained.

このようにして得られた酸化珪素被覆光触媒は、酢酸等の酸性ガス、アンモニア等の塩基性ガス、トルエン等の非極性ガスいずれも吸着でき、光触媒性能にも優れている。   The silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst thus obtained can adsorb any of acidic gases such as acetic acid, basic gases such as ammonia, and nonpolar gases such as toluene, and is excellent in photocatalytic performance.

上記のように、本発明の酸化珪素被覆光触媒の製造方法は、実質的に細孔を有さない酸化珪素膜を得るために、pHを低くするとともに、珪酸塩の濃度、基体の濃度、使用する酸性溶液、膜形成後の焼成温度、焼成時間等の条件を適宜選択することが重要となる。   As described above, the method for producing a silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst of the present invention reduces the pH, uses the silicate concentration, the substrate concentration, and uses in order to obtain a silicon oxide film having substantially no pores. It is important to appropriately select conditions such as the acidic solution to be used, the firing temperature after film formation, and the firing time.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒を含有する表面層を有する石材の製造法について、光触媒が光照射により高い光触媒活性を発揮できるように石材表面に存在できていれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば下記のようにして製造できる。   The method for producing a stone material having a surface layer containing a silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is not particularly limited as long as the photocatalyst can be present on the stone surface so as to exhibit high photocatalytic activity by light irradiation. It can manufacture in this way.

石材の種類は、特に制限はなく、種々の石材、例えば、御影石、大理石、砂岩、ライムストーン等が挙げられる。   There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the kind of stone material, For example, various stone materials, for example, granite, marble, sandstone, limestone, etc. are mentioned.

石材の形状としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、表面を鏡面状に研磨された天然の御影石からなる墓石や、例えば、30cm角程度に切られた御影石の敷石、灯篭、庭石、石碑、建造物、遺跡などさまざまな形状の石材に適応できる。新しく切り出された素材はもちろんのこと、設置されてから数十年経過した石材においても、処理が可能である。   The shape of the stone is not particularly limited. For example, a tombstone made of natural granite whose surface is mirror-polished, for example, a granite paving stone, lantern, garden stone, stone monument, or a building cut to about 30 cm square. It can be applied to stones of various shapes such as ruins. It can be used not only for newly cut materials but also for stones that have been installed for decades.

石材への施工に関しては、酸化珪素被覆光触媒を含有するコーティング材を基材となる石材の吸水性により表面および表面から含浸させるのが良い。含浸させることで石材の内部までコーティング材が浸透し、耐久性の高い防汚層が形成される。また、吸着水を除去する目的で、あらかじめ30℃以上200℃以下の温度に加熱した石材に、酸化珪素被覆光触媒を含有するコーティング材を表面に塗布するのが好ましい。これにより、酸化珪素被覆光触媒を含有するコーティング材を基材となる石材の吸水性により石材表面に強固な防汚層が形成される。200℃を越える温度に加熱すると、石材の種類によっては、変質する場合があり、好ましくない。また、30℃未満の低い温度では、効率の良い吸着水の除去が困難になる。さらに、コーティング後の石材は、200℃以下の温度で加熱することで防汚層の耐久性をより高める事ができる。   As for the construction on the stone material, it is preferable to impregnate the coating material containing the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst from the surface and the surface by the water absorption of the stone material as the base material. By impregnating, the coating material penetrates into the stone material, and a highly durable antifouling layer is formed. For the purpose of removing adsorbed water, it is preferable to apply a coating material containing a silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst to the surface of a stone material that has been heated to a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower in advance. As a result, a strong antifouling layer is formed on the surface of the stone material due to the water absorption of the stone material that uses the coating material containing the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst as a base material. Heating to a temperature exceeding 200 ° C. is not preferable because it may change in quality depending on the type of stone. Further, at a low temperature of less than 30 ° C., it is difficult to remove adsorbed water efficiently. Furthermore, the durability of the antifouling layer can be further increased by heating the coated stone at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower.

酸化珪素被覆光触媒を含有するコーティング材は、酸化分解能があるため有機物を含まず無機物からなるコーティング材にすることが好ましい。コーティング材に用いるバインダーとしては、水ガラス、コロイダルシリカ、アルミナゾル、ジルコニアゾル、シリコン樹脂等、光触媒活性に悪影響を及ぼさない限りいずれのものでも用いることができる。バインダー0.1〜20重量%程度の所望の固形分濃度の水系、アルコール等の極性溶媒系、あるいはトルエン等の非極性溶媒系分散液として用いることができる。また、酸化珪素被覆光触媒は分散液に対して0.01〜40重量%の範囲で混合できる。好ましくは0.05〜35重量%、より好ましくは0.1〜30重量%の範囲で混合できる。酸化珪素被覆光触媒の量が多すぎると石材表面から光触媒が剥離しやすくなり、少なすぎると光触媒機能の効果を発揮できない。さらに、石材の使用環境や目的に合わせて、また光が当たらない場合でも抗菌抗カビ性能を示すように銀、銅、亜鉛、などの抗菌金属単体、および、抗菌金属の酸化物を含んでも良い。   The coating material containing the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is preferably made of an inorganic material that does not contain an organic substance because it has an oxidation resolution. As the binder used for the coating material, any of water glass, colloidal silica, alumina sol, zirconia sol, silicon resin and the like can be used as long as they do not adversely affect the photocatalytic activity. The binder can be used as an aqueous dispersion having a desired solid content concentration of about 0.1 to 20% by weight, a polar solvent system such as alcohol, or a nonpolar solvent dispersion such as toluene. The silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst can be mixed in the range of 0.01 to 40% by weight with respect to the dispersion. Preferably, it can be mixed in the range of 0.05 to 35% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight. When the amount of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst is too large, the photocatalyst is easily peeled off from the stone surface, and when it is too small, the effect of the photocatalytic function cannot be exhibited. Furthermore, it may contain antibacterial metals such as silver, copper, zinc, etc., and oxides of antibacterial metals so as to show antibacterial and antifungal performance according to the usage environment and purpose of the stone, and even when not exposed to light. .

上記のように製造された本発明における酸化珪素被覆光触媒を表面層に含有する石材は、例えば、ビルの壁、床などの建築用石材、敷石などの道路用石材、灯篭、庭石、墓石、岩風呂、オブジェなどとして使用することができる。

以下、本発明を実施例、比較例によって更に詳述するが、本発明はこれによって限定されるものではない。
[光触媒の調製]
光触媒を作製し、その性状を評価した。
Stone materials containing the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst in the present invention produced as described above in the surface layer are, for example, building stones such as building walls, floors, road stones such as paving stones, lanterns, garden stones, gravestones, rocks It can be used as a bath or an object.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[Preparation of photocatalyst]
Photocatalysts were prepared and their properties were evaluated.

はじめに評価方法について説明する。
(i)アルカリ金属含有量
アルカリ金属含有量は、蛍光X線分析器(LAB CENTER XRE−1700、島津製作所)を用いて測定し、本測定で検出されたものに関して、原子吸光光度計(Z−5000,日立製作所)を用いて定量した。なお、検出されなかったアルカリ金属については、記載を省略した。
(ii)珪素含有量
珪素含有量は、蛍光X線分析法(LAB CENTER XRE−1700,島津製作所)を用いて定量した。
(iii)比表面積
比表面積はBET法比表面積測定装置により測定した。
First, the evaluation method will be described.
(i) Alkali metal content The alkali metal content was measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (LAB CENTER XRE-1700, Shimadzu Corporation), and the atomic absorption photometer (Z- 5000, Hitachi, Ltd.). In addition, about the alkali metal which was not detected, description was abbreviate | omitted.
(Ii) Silicon content Silicon content was quantified using a fluorescent X-ray analysis method (LAB CENTER XRE-1700, Shimadzu Corporation).
(Iii) Specific surface area The specific surface area was measured with a BET specific surface area measuring device.

以下、光触媒の製造例について説明する。   Hereinafter, production examples of the photocatalyst will be described.

なお、以下に示す光触媒は、光触媒27を除き、原料二酸化チタンを酸化珪素の焼成膜により被覆した構造を有するものである。すなわち、原料二酸化チタンの表面に酸化珪素前駆体膜を形成した後、焼成を行い、酸化珪素焼成膜を形成したものである。
(光触媒1)
ガラスフラスコに水200gと1N塩酸水溶液66.9gを加え、二酸化チタン(ST−01、石原産業株式会社、吸着水分量9重量%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積300m/g)24.5gを分散させて、A液とした。ビーカー内に水100gと水ガラス1号(SiO含有量35〜38重量%、JIS−K1408)10.7gを加え、攪拌しB液とした。A液を35℃に保持し、攪拌しているところに、B液を2ml/分で滴下し、混合液Cを得た。この時点における混合液CのpHは2.3であった。混合液Cを35℃に保持したまま3日間攪拌を継続した。この後、混合液Cを減圧ろ過し、得られた濾物を、500mLの水への再分散化、および減圧ろ過を4回繰り返して洗浄した後、室温で2日間放置した。得られた固形物を乳鉢で粉砕した後、600℃、3時間焼成処理を施し、光触媒1を得た。この光触媒1のナトリウム含有量を原子吸光光度計(Z−5000,日立製作所)にて定量したところ、ナトリウム含有量は87ppmであった。また、この光触媒1の珪素含有量、硫黄含有量を蛍光X線分析法(LAB CENTER XRE−1700,島津製作所)にて定量したところ、珪素含有量6.9重量%、硫黄含有量0.06重量%であった。比表面積をBET法比表面積測定装置により測定したところ、212.8m/gであった。よって、光触媒1の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.33mgであった。光触媒1の細孔分布を測定した結果を図1に示す。
(光触媒2)
二酸化チタンの量を82.1gとし、混合液CのpHが4.0となった以外は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒2を得た。この光触媒2は、ナトリウム含有量56ppm、珪素含有量2.4重量%、比表面積133.8m/gであった。よって、光触媒2の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.18mgであった。
(光触媒3)
二酸化チタンの量を38.9gとし、混合液CのpHが2.8となった以外は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒3を得た。この光触媒3は、ナトリウム含有量85ppm、珪素含有量4.6重量%、比表面積194.9m/gであった。よって、光触媒3の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.24mgであった。
The photocatalyst shown below has a structure in which raw material titanium dioxide is covered with a fired film of silicon oxide except for the photocatalyst 27. That is, after a silicon oxide precursor film is formed on the surface of raw material titanium dioxide, firing is performed to form a silicon oxide fired film.
(Photocatalyst 1)
200 g of water and 66.9 g of 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution were added to a glass flask, and titanium dioxide (ST-01, Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., adsorbed water content 9% by weight, specific surface area 300 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) 24. 5 g was dispersed to prepare a liquid A. In a beaker, 100 g of water and 10.7 g of water glass No. 1 (SiO 2 content 35 to 38% by weight, JIS-K1408) were added and stirred to obtain a liquid B. The liquid B was dripped at 2 ml / min while the liquid A was kept at 35 ° C. and stirred to obtain a mixed liquid C. At this time, the pH of the mixed solution C was 2.3. Stirring was continued for 3 days while maintaining the mixed solution C at 35 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture C was filtered under reduced pressure, and the obtained filtrate was washed by repeating redispersion in 500 mL of water and vacuum filtration four times, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 days. The obtained solid was pulverized in a mortar and then subjected to a baking treatment at 600 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 1. When the sodium content of this photocatalyst 1 was quantified with an atomic absorption photometer (Z-5000, Hitachi, Ltd.), the sodium content was 87 ppm. Further, when the silicon content and sulfur content of the photocatalyst 1 were quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis (LAB CENTER XRE-1700, Shimadzu Corporation), the silicon content was 6.9% by weight and the sulfur content was 0.06. % By weight. It was 212.8 m < 2 > / g when the specific surface area was measured with the BET method specific surface area measuring apparatus. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 1 was 0.33 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 1 is shown in FIG.
(Photocatalyst 2)
A photocatalyst 2 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that the amount of titanium dioxide was 82.1 g and the pH of the mixed solution C was 4.0. This photocatalyst 2 had a sodium content of 56 ppm, a silicon content of 2.4% by weight, and a specific surface area of 133.8 m 2 / g. Therefore, silicon supported amount per surface area of 1 m 2 of photocatalytic 2 was 0.18 mg.
(Photocatalyst 3)
A photocatalyst 3 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that the amount of titanium dioxide was 38.9 g and the pH of the mixed solution C was 2.8. This photocatalyst 3 had a sodium content of 85 ppm, a silicon content of 4.6% by weight, and a specific surface area of 194.9 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 3 was 0.24 mg.

(光触媒4)
二酸化チタンの量を12.2gとし、混合液CのpHが2.5となった以外は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒4を得た。この光触媒4は、ナトリウム含有量160ppm、珪素含有量9.6重量%、比表面積244.2m/gであった。よって、光触媒4の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.39mgであった。
(光触媒5)
二酸化チタンとして、P25(日本アエロジル株式会社、アナターゼ:ルチル比が8:2の混合体、純度99.5%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積50m/g)を75.0g使用したこと、珪酸ナトリウム水溶液を6.5g使用したこと、混合液CのpHが2.6となった以外は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒5を得た。この光触媒5は、ナトリウム含有量34ppm、珪素含有量1.4重量%、硫黄含有量は検出されず、比表面積61.1m/gであった。よって、光触媒5の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.22mgであった。光触媒5の細孔分布を測定した結果を図2に示す。
(光触媒6)
二酸化チタンとして、PC−102(チタン工業株式会社、アナターゼ型、吸着水分量5%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積137m/g)を70.5g使用したこと、混合液CのpHが3.8となったこと、そして混合液Cを16時間攪拌して熟成した他は、光触媒1と同様にして、光触媒6を得た。この光触媒6は、ナトリウム含有量12ppm、珪素含有量2.2重量%、硫黄含有量0.19重量%、比表面積127.8m/gであった。よって、光触媒6の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.18mgであった。
(Photocatalyst 4)
A photocatalyst 4 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that the amount of titanium dioxide was 12.2 g and the pH of the mixed solution C was 2.5. This photocatalyst 4 had a sodium content of 160 ppm, a silicon content of 9.6% by weight, and a specific surface area of 244.2 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 4 was 0.39 mg.
(Photocatalyst 5)
As titanium dioxide, 75.0 g of P25 (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., a mixture of anatase: rutile ratio 8: 2, purity 99.5%, specific surface area 50 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was used. The photocatalyst 5 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that 6.5 g of an aqueous sodium silicate solution was used and the pH of the mixed solution C was 2.6. This photocatalyst 5 had a sodium content of 34 ppm, a silicon content of 1.4% by weight, and no sulfur content detected, and the specific surface area was 61.1 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 5 was 0.22 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 5 is shown in FIG.
(Photocatalyst 6)
As titanium dioxide, 70.5 g of PC-102 (Titanium Industry Co., Ltd., anatase type, adsorbed water content 5%, specific surface area 137 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was used, and the pH of the mixed solution C was The photocatalyst 6 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that the mixture became 3.8 and the mixture C was aged by stirring for 16 hours. This photocatalyst 6 had a sodium content of 12 ppm, a silicon content of 2.2% by weight, a sulfur content of 0.19% by weight, and a specific surface area of 127.8 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 6 was 0.18 mg.

(光触媒7)
二酸化チタンとして、AMT−100(テイカ株式会社、アナターゼ型、吸着水分量11%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積290m/g)を25.0g使用したこと、混合液CのpHが2.4となった他は、光触媒6の製法と同様にして、光触媒7を得た。この光触媒7は、ナトリウム含有量17ppm、珪素含有量5.5重量%、硫黄含有量0.07重量%、比表面積207.2m/gであった。よって、光触媒7の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.27mgであった。
(光触媒8)
二酸化チタンとして、TKP−101(テイカ株式会社、アナターゼ型、吸着水分量11%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積300m/g)を25.0g使用したこと、混合液CのpHが2.1となった他は、光触媒6の製法と同様にして、光触媒8を得た。この光触媒8は、ナトリウム含有量50ppm、珪素含有量6.7重量%、硫黄含有量0.38重量%、比表面積194.2m/gであった。よって、光触媒8の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.34mgであった。
(光触媒9)
混合液Cを16時間攪拌して熟成した他は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒9を得た。この光触媒9は、ナトリウム含有量180ppm、珪素含有量5.7重量%、比表面積246.2m/gであった。よって、光触媒9の表面積1m当りの珪素含有量は0.23mgであった。
(Photocatalyst 7)
As titanium dioxide, 25.0 g of AMT-100 (Taika Co., Ltd., anatase type, adsorbed water content 11%, specific surface area 290 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was used, and pH of the mixture C was 2 The photocatalyst 7 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of the photocatalyst 6 except that the ratio was 4. This photocatalyst 7 had a sodium content of 17 ppm, a silicon content of 5.5% by weight, a sulfur content of 0.07% by weight, and a specific surface area of 207.2 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 7 was 0.27 mg.
(Photocatalyst 8)
As titanium dioxide, 25.0 g of TKP-10 1 (Taika Co., Ltd., anatase type, adsorbed water content 11%, specific surface area 300 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was used, and the pH of liquid mixture C was 2. The photocatalyst 8 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 6 production method except that the amount of the photocatalyst 6 was 1. This photocatalyst 8 had a sodium content of 50 ppm, a silicon content of 6.7 wt%, a sulfur content of 0.38 wt%, and a specific surface area of 194.2 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 8 was 0.34 mg.
(Photocatalyst 9)
A photocatalyst 9 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 1 except that the mixture C was aged by stirring for 16 hours. This photocatalyst 9 had a sodium content of 180 ppm, a silicon content of 5.7 wt%, and a specific surface area of 246.2 m 2 / g. Therefore, the silicon content per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 9 was 0.23 mg.

(光触媒10)
500mLの水への再分散化および減圧ろ過を7回繰り返して洗浄した以外は、光触媒8の製法と同様にして、光触媒10を得た。この光触媒10は、ナトリウム含有量120ppm、珪素含有量5.7重量%、比表面積231.4m/gであった。よって、光触媒10の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.25mgであった。
(光触媒11)
500mLの水への再分散化および減圧ろ過を1回行うことで洗浄した以外は、光触媒8の製法と同様にして、光触媒11を得た。この光触媒11は、ナトリウム含有量210ppm、珪素含有量5.7重量%、比表面積231.4m/gであった。よって、光触媒11の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.24mgであった。
(光触媒12)
400℃、3時間焼成処理を施した他は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒12を得た。この光触媒12は、ナトリウム含有量93ppm、珪素含有量6.9重量%、比表面積255.5m/gであった。よって、光触媒12の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.27mgであった。
(Photocatalyst 10)
Photocatalyst 10 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of photocatalyst 8, except that redispersion in 500 mL of water and filtration under reduced pressure were repeated 7 times. This photocatalyst 10 had a sodium content of 120 ppm, a silicon content of 5.7 wt%, and a specific surface area of 231.4 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 10 was 0.25 mg.
(Photocatalyst 11)
Photocatalyst 11 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of photocatalyst 8, except that washing was performed by performing redispersion in 500 mL of water and filtration under reduced pressure once. This photocatalyst 11 had a sodium content of 210 ppm, a silicon content of 5.7 wt%, and a specific surface area of 231.4 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 11 was 0.24 mg.
(Photocatalyst 12)
A photocatalyst 12 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of the photocatalyst 1 except that the baking treatment was performed at 400 ° C. for 3 hours. This photocatalyst 12 had a sodium content of 93 ppm, a silicon content of 6.9% by weight, and a specific surface area of 255.5 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 12 was 0.27 mg.

(光触媒13)
800℃、3時間焼成処理を施した他は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒13を得た。この光触媒13は、ナトリウム含有量98ppm、珪素含有量6.9重量%、比表面積150.7m/gであった。よって、光触媒13の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.46mgであった。
(光触媒14)
900℃、3時間焼成処理を施した他は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒14を得た。この光触媒14は、ナトリウム含有量96ppm、珪素含有量6.9重量%、比表面積108.2m/gであった。よって、光触媒14の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.64mgであった。
(光触媒15)
1000℃、3時間焼成処理を施した他は、光触媒1の製法と同様にして、光触媒15を得た。この光触媒15は、ナトリウム含有量92ppm、珪素含有量6.9重量%、比表面積55.3m/gであった。よって、光触媒15の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は1.25mgであった。光触媒15の細孔分布を測定した結果を図3に示す。
(Photocatalyst 13)
A photocatalyst 13 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of the photocatalyst 1 except that the baking treatment was performed at 800 ° C. for 3 hours. This photocatalyst 13 had a sodium content of 98 ppm, a silicon content of 6.9% by weight, and a specific surface area of 150.7 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 13 was 0.46 mg.
(Photocatalyst 14)
A photocatalyst 14 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of the photocatalyst 1 except that the baking treatment was performed at 900 ° C. for 3 hours. This photocatalyst 14 had a sodium content of 96 ppm, a silicon content of 6.9 wt%, and a specific surface area of 108.2 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 14 was 0.64 mg.
(Photocatalyst 15)
A photocatalyst 15 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of the photocatalyst 1 except that the baking treatment was performed at 1000 ° C. for 3 hours. This photocatalyst 15 had a sodium content of 92 ppm, a silicon content of 6.9% by weight, and a specific surface area of 55.3 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 15 was 1.25 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 15 is shown in FIG.

(光触媒16)
1規定塩酸水溶液の代わりに同量の1規定硝酸水溶液を用いたこと、混合液CのpHが3.2になったことの他は、光触媒9の製法と同様にして、光触媒16を得た。この光触媒16は、ナトリウム含有量480ppm、珪素含有量6.7重量%、比表面積207.4m/gであった。よって、光触媒16の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.32mgであった。
(光触媒17)
1規定塩酸水溶液66.9gの代わりに1規定硝酸水溶液81.7gを用いたこと、異なる組成の珪酸ナトリウム水溶液(SiO含有量29.1重量%、NaO含有量9.5重量%、JIS K1408“水ガラス3号”)13.3gを用いたこと、の他は、光触媒9の製法と同様にして、光触媒17を得た。この光触媒17は、ナトリウム含有量150ppm、珪素含有量3.4重量%、比表面積210.5m/gであった。よって、光触媒17の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.16mgであった。
(光触媒18)
焼成温度を600℃の代わりに200℃にしたこと、の他は、光触媒2の製法と同様にして、光触媒18を得た。この光触媒18は、ナトリウム含有量56ppm、珪素含有量2.4重量%、比表面積237.3m/gであった。よって、光触媒18の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.10mgであった。
(Photocatalyst 16)
A photocatalyst 16 was obtained in the same manner as the photocatalyst 9 except that the same amount of 1N nitric acid aqueous solution was used instead of the 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the pH of the mixed solution C became 3.2. . This photocatalyst 16 had a sodium content of 480 ppm, a silicon content of 6.7% by weight, and a specific surface area of 207.4 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 16 was 0.32 mg.
(Photocatalyst 17)
81.7 g of 1N nitric acid aqueous solution was used instead of 66.9 g of 1N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, sodium silicate aqueous solution of different composition (SiO 2 content 29.1 wt%, Na 2 O content 9.5 wt%, Photocatalyst 17 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of photocatalyst 9 except that 13.3 g of JIS K1408 “Water Glass 3” was used. This photocatalyst 17 had a sodium content of 150 ppm, a silicon content of 3.4% by weight, and a specific surface area of 210.5 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 17 was 0.16 mg.
(Photocatalyst 18)
Photocatalyst 18 was obtained in the same manner as in the production method of photocatalyst 2 except that the calcination temperature was changed to 200 ° C instead of 600 ° C. This photocatalyst 18 had a sodium content of 56 ppm, a silicon content of 2.4% by weight, and a specific surface area of 237.3 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 18 was 0.10 mg.

(光触媒19)
水ガラス3号の代わりにケイ酸カリウム溶液(和光純薬工業、SiO含有量28重量%)13.8gを用いたことの他は、光触媒17の製法と同様の方法で、光触媒19を得た。この光触媒19のナトリウム、カリウム含有量を原子吸光光度計(Z−5000,日立製作所)にて定量したところ、ナトリウム含有量は74ppm、カリウム含有量は90ppmであった。この結果、光触媒19は、その酸化珪素膜中にカリウムを含有していることが確認された。また、この光触媒19の珪素含有量を蛍光X線分析法(LAB CENTER XRE−1700,島津製作所)にて定量したところ、珪素含有量は4.9重量%であり、比表面積をBET法比表面積測定装置により測定したところ193.9m/gであった。よって、光触媒19の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.25mgであった。光触媒19の細孔分布を測定した結果を図4に示す。
(Photocatalyst 19)
Photocatalyst 19 was obtained in the same manner as the production method of photocatalyst 17 except that 13.8 g of potassium silicate solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, SiO 2 content 28 wt%) was used instead of water glass No. 3. It was. When the sodium and potassium contents of the photocatalyst 19 were quantified with an atomic absorption photometer (Z-5000, Hitachi, Ltd.), the sodium content was 74 ppm and the potassium content was 90 ppm. As a result, it was confirmed that the photocatalyst 19 contained potassium in the silicon oxide film. Further, when the silicon content of the photocatalyst 19 was quantified by fluorescent X-ray analysis (LAB CENTER XRE-1700, Shimadzu Corporation), the silicon content was 4.9% by weight, and the specific surface area was determined by the BET specific surface area. It was 193.9 m < 2 > / g when measured with the measuring apparatus. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 19 was 0.25 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 19 is shown in FIG.

(光触媒20)
市販の二酸化チタン(石原産業株式会社、ST−01)を200℃、3時間乾燥し、光触媒20を得た。この光触媒20は、ナトリウム含有量1400ppm、比表面積214.3m/gであった。
(光触媒21)
市販の二酸化チタン(日本アエロジル株式会社、P25)を200℃、3時間乾燥し、光触媒21を得た。この光触媒21はアルカリ金属が検出されなかった。比表面積50.2m/gであった。
この結果、光触媒5は、その焼成酸化珪素膜中にナトリウムを、光触媒19はその焼成酸化珪素膜中にカリウムを含有していることが確認された。
(Photocatalyst 20)
Commercially available titanium dioxide (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., ST-01) was dried at 200 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 20. This photocatalyst 20 had a sodium content of 1400 ppm and a specific surface area of 214.3 m 2 / g.
(Photocatalyst 21)
Commercially available titanium dioxide (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., P25) was dried at 200 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 21. In this photocatalyst 21, no alkali metal was detected. The specific surface area was 50.2 m 2 / g.
As a result, it was confirmed that the photocatalyst 5 contained sodium in the fired silicon oxide film, and the photocatalyst 19 contained potassium in the fired silicon oxide film.

ナトリウム含有量あるいは20〜500オングストロームの領域における、酸化珪素膜由来の細孔の有無による性能の差異を確認するために光触媒22〜26の調製を行った。
(光触媒22)
特許文献3(特開昭62−260717号)の実施例の(製造例1)に則して、二酸化チタンとしてST−01(石原産業株式会社、吸着水分量9重量%、比表面積300m/g)を用いて実施し、光触媒22を得た。この光触媒22は、ナトリウム含有量1200ppm、珪素含有量5.8重量%、比表面積187.3m/gであった。よって、光触媒22の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.31mgであった。光触媒22の細孔分布を測定した結果を図5に示す。
(光触媒23)
特許文献3(特開昭62−260717号)の実施例の(製造例1)に則して、二酸化チタンとしてP25(日本アエロジル株式会社、純度99.5%、比表面積50.8m/g)を用いて実施し、光触媒23を得た。この光触媒23はアルカリ金属が検出されなかった。また、この光触媒23は、珪素含有量2.2重量%、比表面積38.7m/gであった。よって、光触媒23の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.56mgであった。光触媒23の細孔分布を測定した結果を図6に示す。
(光触媒24)
ガラスフラスコに水250gと0.1N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液0.05gを加え、二酸化チタン(ST−01、石原産業株式会社、吸着水分量9重量%、比表面積300m/g)24.5gを分散させて、A液とした。ビーカー内に水100gと珪酸ナトリウム水溶液(SiO含有量36.1重量%、NaO含有量17.7重量%、JIS K1408“水ガラス1号”)10.7gを加え、攪拌しB液とした。A液を35℃に保持し、攪拌しているところに、B液を2ml/分で滴下し、混合液Cを得た。この時点における混合液CのpHは11.5であった。混合液Cを35℃に保持したまま3日間攪拌を継続した。この後、混合液Cを減圧ろ過し、得られた濾物を、500mLの水への再分散化、および減圧ろ過を4回繰り返して洗浄した後、室温で2日間放置した。得られた固形物を乳鉢で粉砕した後、600℃、3時間焼成処理を施し、光触媒24を得た。この光触媒24は、ナトリウム含有量14000ppm、珪素含有量3.4重量%、比表面積126.1m/gであった。よって、光触媒24の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.27mgであった。光触媒24の細孔分布を測定した結果を図7に示す。
Photocatalysts 22 to 26 were prepared in order to confirm the difference in performance depending on the presence or absence of pores derived from the silicon oxide film in the region of sodium content or 20 to 500 angstroms.
(Photocatalyst 22)
ST-01 (Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., adsorbed water content 9% by weight, specific surface area 300 m 2 / g) was used to obtain a photocatalyst 22. This photocatalyst 22 had a sodium content of 1200 ppm, a silicon content of 5.8 wt%, and a specific surface area of 187.3 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 22 was 0.31 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 22 is shown in FIG.
(Photocatalyst 23)
P25 (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., purity 99.5%, specific surface area 50.8 m 2 / g) as titanium dioxide in accordance with (Production Example 1) of the example of Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-260717) The photocatalyst 23 was obtained. In this photocatalyst 23, no alkali metal was detected. Further, this photocatalyst 23 had a silicon content of 2.2% by weight and a specific surface area of 38.7 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 23 was 0.56 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 23 is shown in FIG.
(Photocatalyst 24)
Add 250 g of water and 0.05 g of 0.1N sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to a glass flask, and disperse 24.5 g of titanium dioxide (ST-01, Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., adsorbed water content 9% by weight, specific surface area 300 m 2 / g). A liquid A was obtained. In a beaker, 100 g of water and 10.7 g of an aqueous sodium silicate solution (SiO 2 content 36.1 wt%, Na 2 O content 17.7 wt%, JIS K1408 “Water Glass No. 1”) were added, stirred, and solution B It was. The liquid B was dripped at 2 ml / min while the liquid A was kept at 35 ° C. and stirred to obtain a mixed liquid C. At this time, the pH of the mixed solution C was 11.5. Stirring was continued for 3 days while maintaining the mixed solution C at 35 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture C was filtered under reduced pressure, and the obtained filtrate was washed by repeating redispersion in 500 mL of water and vacuum filtration four times, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 days. The obtained solid was pulverized in a mortar and then subjected to baking treatment at 600 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 24. This photocatalyst 24 had a sodium content of 14000 ppm, a silicon content of 3.4% by weight, and a specific surface area of 126.1 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 24 was 0.27 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 24 is shown in FIG.

(光触媒25)
ガラスフラスコに水100gを入れ、二酸化チタン(P−25、日本アエロジル株式会社、純度99.5%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積50.8m/g)10.0gを分散させて、A液とした。これに4規定水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を滴下してpHを10.5に調整した。そして、液温75℃まで加熱し、75℃を維持したまま、珪酸ナトリウム水溶液(SiO含有量29.1重量%、NaO含有量9.5重量%、JIS K1408“水ガラス3号”)14.8gを加え、攪拌しB液とした。B液を90℃まで加熱し、90℃を維持したまま、1規定の硫酸水溶液を2ml/分の速度で滴下し、C液とした。硫酸水溶液の滴下に伴い、混合液のpHは10.5から少しずつ酸性側へ低下し、最終的にC液のpHは5となった。その後、C液を90℃に保持したまま1時間攪拌を継続して熟成した。次に、熟成後のC液を減圧ろ過し、得られた濾物を、250mLの水への再分散化、および減圧ろ過を4回繰り返して洗浄した後、120℃で3時間乾燥した。得られた固形物を乳鉢で粉砕した後、600℃、3時間焼成処理を施し、光触媒25を得た。この光触媒25は、ナトリウム含有量2500ppm、珪素含有量13.0重量%、比表面積68.4m/gであった。よって、光触媒25の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は1.90mgであった。
(光触媒26)
ガラスフラスコに水100gを入れ、二酸化チタン(ST−01、石原産業株式会社、吸着水分量9重量%、BET法比表面積測定装置による比表面積300m/g)4.2gを分散させて、A液とした。ビーカー内に水43gと珪酸ナトリウム水溶液(SiO含有量29.1重量%、NaO含有量9.5重量%、JIS K1408“水ガラス3号”)5.6gを加え、攪拌しB液とした。次に、A液を35℃に保持し、攪拌しているところに、B液を2ml/分の速度で滴下した。この時、混合液のpHが6〜8になるように、適宜1規定硝酸水溶液を滴下した。B液の滴下完了時における混合液のpHは7.0であった。その後、混合液を35℃に保持したまま16時間攪拌を継続して熟成した。この後、混合液を減圧ろ過し、得られた濾物を、250mLの水への再分散化、および減圧ろ過を4回繰り返して洗浄した後、120℃で3時間乾燥した。得られた固形物を乳鉢で粉砕した後、600℃、3時間焼成処理を施し、光触媒26を得た。この光触媒26は、ナトリウム含有量5900ppm、珪素含有量12.0重量%、比表面積258.3m/gであった。よって、光触媒26の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.47mgであった。光触媒26の細孔分布を測定した結果を図8に示す。
(光触媒27)
シリカ水和物被膜との差異を確認するために特許文献4の実施例1を参考にして、硫酸チタニル水溶液を熱加水分解して結晶粒子径6nmのメタチタン酸スラリーを作成した。このメタチタン酸スラリー(TiO換算で100g/l)100mlを40℃に昇温し、SiOとして200g/lのケイ酸ナトリウム水溶液5ml(SiO/TiO重量比=0.1)を一定速度で10分を要して添加した。添加後、水酸化ナトリウムでpH4.0に調節し、40℃を維持しながら30分攪拌した。その後スラリーを濾過、水洗し、得られたケーキを110℃で12時間乾燥した後、サンプルミルを用いて粉砕し、光触媒27を得た。この光触媒27は、ナトリウム含有量210ppm、珪素含有量5.1重量%、比表面積140.0m/gであった。よって、光触媒27の表面積1m当りの珪素担持量は0.36mgであった。得られた光触媒27の特性をまとめて表1に示す。
(Photocatalyst 25)
100 g of water was put in a glass flask, and 10.0 g of titanium dioxide (P-25, Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., purity 99.5%, specific surface area 50.8 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was dispersed, It was set as A liquid. A 4N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added dropwise thereto to adjust the pH to 10.5. Then, the solution was heated to 75 ° C. and maintained at 75 ° C., while an aqueous sodium silicate solution (SiO 2 content 29.1 wt%, Na 2 O content 9.5 wt%, JIS K1408 “Water Glass No. 3”) ) 14.8 g was added and stirred to give solution B. The liquid B was heated to 90 ° C., and while maintaining the temperature at 90 ° C., a 1N aqueous sulfuric acid solution was added dropwise at a rate of 2 ml / min to obtain a liquid C. As the sulfuric acid aqueous solution was dropped, the pH of the mixed solution gradually decreased from 10.5 to the acidic side, and finally the pH of the C solution became 5. Thereafter, stirring was continued for 1 hour while the liquid C was kept at 90 ° C., and aged. Next, C liquid after aging was filtered under reduced pressure, and the obtained filtrate was washed by repeating redispersion in 250 mL of water and vacuum filtration four times, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained solid was pulverized in a mortar and then subjected to a baking treatment at 600 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 25. This photocatalyst 25 had a sodium content of 2500 ppm, a silicon content of 13.0% by weight, and a specific surface area of 68.4 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 25 was 1.90 mg.
(Photocatalyst 26)
100 g of water was put into a glass flask, and 4.2 g of titanium dioxide (ST-01, Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd., adsorbed water content 9% by weight, specific surface area 300 m 2 / g by BET specific surface area measuring device) was dispersed. A liquid was used. In a beaker, 43 g of water and 5.6 g of a sodium silicate aqueous solution (SiO 2 content 29.1 wt%, Na 2 O content 9.5 wt%, JIS K1408 “Water Glass No. 3”) were added, stirred, and liquid B It was. Next, the liquid A was kept at 35 ° C., and the liquid B was added dropwise at a rate of 2 ml / min while stirring. At this time, 1N nitric acid aqueous solution was appropriately added dropwise so that the pH of the mixed solution was 6-8. The pH of the mixed liquid at the completion of the dropwise addition of the B liquid was 7.0. Thereafter, the mixture was aged by continuing stirring for 16 hours while maintaining the mixed solution at 35 ° C. Thereafter, the mixed liquid was filtered under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was washed by repeating redispersion in 250 mL of water and vacuum filtration four times, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained solid was pulverized in a mortar and then subjected to a baking treatment at 600 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain a photocatalyst 26. This photocatalyst 26 had a sodium content of 5900 ppm, a silicon content of 12.0% by weight, and a specific surface area of 258.3 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 26 was 0.47 mg. The result of measuring the pore distribution of the photocatalyst 26 is shown in FIG.
(Photocatalyst 27)
In order to confirm the difference from the silica hydrate film, a titanyl sulfate aqueous solution was thermally hydrolyzed with reference to Example 1 of Patent Document 4 to prepare a metatitanic acid slurry having a crystal particle diameter of 6 nm. The temperature was raised to 40 ° C. The 100 ml (100 g / l in terms of TiO 2) The metatitanic acid slurry, constant speed 200 g / l of sodium silicate solution 5 ml (SiO 2 / TiO 2 weight ratio = 0.1) as a SiO 2 In 10 minutes. After the addition, the pH was adjusted to 4.0 with sodium hydroxide, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes while maintaining 40 ° C. Thereafter, the slurry was filtered and washed with water. The obtained cake was dried at 110 ° C. for 12 hours and then pulverized using a sample mill to obtain a photocatalyst 27. This photocatalyst 27 had a sodium content of 210 ppm, a silicon content of 5.1 wt%, and a specific surface area of 140.0 m 2 / g. Therefore, the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst 27 was 0.36 mg. The properties of the obtained photocatalyst 27 are summarized in Table 1.

<光触媒1〜27の評価>
[1.メチレンブルー光分解活性評価]
光触媒1〜27を、メチレンブルー水溶液に懸濁させた。その後、光照射を行い、液中のメチレンブルー濃度を分光分析で定量することにより、光分解活性を試験した。詳細な試験操作方法は、次のとおりである。
(光触媒懸濁液の調製)
あらかじめフッ素樹脂製攪拌子を入れた100ccポリエチレン製広口びんに、濃度40×10−6mol/Lのメチレンブルー水溶液を45g量りこんだ。次に、マグネチックスターラーによる攪拌下、10mgの光触媒を加えた。そして、5分間激しく攪拌した後に、液が飛び散らない程度に攪拌強度を調整し、攪拌を継続した。
(予備吸着処理)
光触媒を加え終わった瞬間を起点として、60分間、光照射せずに、攪拌し続けた。60分経過後、懸濁液を3.0cc採取し、光照射前サンプルとした。
(光分解処理)
予備吸着処理後の懸濁液を3.5cc抜き出し、あらかじめフッ素樹脂製攪拌子を入れた石英製標準分光セル(東ソー・クォーツ株式会社、外寸12.5×12.5×45mm、光路幅10mm、光路長10mm、容積4.5cc)に入れ、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌した。次に、分光セルの外部/横方向から光を5分間照射した。光照射は、光源装置SX−UI151XQ(ウシオ電機株式会社、150Wクセノンショートアークランプ)を光源として、純水を満たした石英製フィルター容器越しに行った。照射光量は、紫外線照度計UVD−365PD(ウシオ電機株式会社、試験波長365nm)で、5.0mW/cmであった。照射後、分光セル内の懸濁液を回収し、光照射後サンプルとした。
(メチレンブルーの定量)
オールプラスチックス製10ccシリンジにメンブレンフィルター(東洋濾紙株式会社、DISMIC−13HP)を装着した。これに、光照射前後のサンプル懸濁液をそれぞれ入れ、ピストンで押出して光触媒を除去した。その際、前半量のろ液は廃棄し、後半量のろ液を、可視光分析用セミマイクロ型ディスポセル(ポリスチレン製、光路幅4mm、光路長10mm、容積1.5cc)に採取した。そして、紫外可視分光分析装置(UV−2500、島津製作所)を使用して、波長680ナノメートルの吸光度を測定し、メチレンブルー濃度を算定した。
光分解活性は、光照射前のメチレンブルー濃度に対する光照射後のメチレンブルー濃度で評価した。光分解活性としてのメチレンブルー除去率を表1に示した。また、メチレンブルーの仕込濃度(光触媒を加える前のメチレンブルーの濃度)を基準として、光照射前のメチレンブルー濃度から、メチレンブルー吸着率を算出し、表1に併記した。
<Evaluation of photocatalysts 1-27>
[1. Methylene blue photolytic activity evaluation]
Photocatalysts 1 to 27 were suspended in an aqueous methylene blue solution. Thereafter, light irradiation was performed, and the photodegradation activity was tested by quantifying the concentration of methylene blue in the liquid by spectroscopic analysis. The detailed test operation method is as follows.
(Preparation of photocatalyst suspension)
45 g of methylene blue aqueous solution having a concentration of 40 × 10 −6 mol / L was weighed into a 100 cc polyethylene wide-mouthed bottle in which a fluororesin stirrer was previously placed. Next, 10 mg of photocatalyst was added with stirring by a magnetic stirrer. Then, after stirring vigorously for 5 minutes, the stirring strength was adjusted to such an extent that the liquid did not scatter and stirring was continued.
(Preliminary adsorption treatment)
Starting from the moment when the photocatalyst was added, stirring was continued for 60 minutes without light irradiation. After 60 minutes, 3.0 cc of the suspension was collected and used as a sample before light irradiation.
(Photolytic treatment)
3.5 cc of the suspension after the pre-adsorption treatment was extracted, and a quartz standard spectroscopic cell (Tosoh Quartz Co., Ltd., outer dimensions 12.5 × 12.5 × 45 mm, optical path width 10 mm, which was previously filled with a fluororesin stirrer. , Optical path length 10 mm, volume 4.5 cc), and stirred with a magnetic stirrer. Next, light was irradiated for 5 minutes from the outside / lateral direction of the spectroscopic cell. Light irradiation was performed through a quartz filter container filled with pure water using a light source device SX-UI151XQ (USHIO Inc., 150 W xenon short arc lamp) as a light source. The amount of irradiation light was 5.0 mW / cm 2 with an ultraviolet illuminance meter UVD-365PD (USHIO INC., Test wavelength 365 nm). After irradiation, the suspension in the spectroscopic cell was collected and used as a sample after light irradiation.
(Quantitative determination of methylene blue)
A membrane filter (Toyo Roshi Kaisha, DISMIC-13HP) was attached to an all-plastics 10 cc syringe. The sample suspension before and after the light irradiation was put into this, respectively, and extruded with a piston to remove the photocatalyst. At that time, the first half amount of the filtrate was discarded, and the latter half amount of the filtrate was collected in a semi-micro type disposable cell for visible light analysis (made of polystyrene, optical path width 4 mm, optical path length 10 mm, volume 1.5 cc). Then, using a UV-visible spectroscopic analyzer (UV-2500, Shimadzu Corporation), the absorbance at a wavelength of 680 nanometers was measured, and the methylene blue concentration was calculated.
The photolytic activity was evaluated by the methylene blue concentration after light irradiation with respect to the methylene blue concentration before light irradiation. Table 1 shows the methylene blue removal rate as the photolytic activity. The methylene blue adsorption rate was calculated from the methylene blue concentration before light irradiation based on the charged concentration of methylene blue (concentration of methylene blue before adding the photocatalyst), and is also shown in Table 1.

[2.細孔分布測定による酸化珪素膜由来の細孔有無の判定]
オートソーブ(カンタクローム社製)を使用し、液体窒素下(77K)における脱着過程での光触媒1〜27の窒素吸着等温線を測定した。
各光触媒の前処理として、100℃での真空脱気を行った。次に各光触媒の測定結果をBJH法で解析し、log微分細孔容積分布曲線を求めた。
次に、光触媒1〜27の酸化珪素膜由来の細孔の有無を判定した。具体的には、原料として使用した光触媒と、この光触媒を基体(ベース触媒)として用いて調製した、酸化珪素膜で被覆された光触媒のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線を比較して、酸化珪素膜由来の細孔の有無を判定した。
光触媒1〜27の20〜500オングストロームの領域における、酸化珪素膜由来の細孔の有無を表1に示す。
[2. Determination of presence or absence of pores derived from silicon oxide film by pore distribution measurement]
Using an autosorb (manufactured by Cantachrome), nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the photocatalysts 1 to 27 in the desorption process under liquid nitrogen (77K) were measured.
As pretreatment of each photocatalyst, vacuum deaeration at 100 ° C. was performed. Next, the measurement result of each photocatalyst was analyzed by the BJH method, and a log differential pore volume distribution curve was obtained.
Next, the presence or absence of pores derived from the silicon oxide film of the photocatalysts 1 to 27 was determined. Specifically, a photocatalyst used as a raw material is compared with a log differential pore volume distribution curve of a photocatalyst coated with a silicon oxide film prepared using this photocatalyst as a base (base catalyst). The presence or absence of the derived pores was determined.
Table 1 shows the presence or absence of pores derived from the silicon oxide film in the region of 20 to 500 Å of the photocatalysts 1 to 27.

Figure 2008043831
Figure 2008043831

光触媒1〜19は、良好な触媒活性を示すことが確認された。   It was confirmed that the photocatalysts 1 to 19 exhibited good catalytic activity.

[3.示差熱天秤分析]
酸化珪素被覆光触媒の水分含有量を調べるために、示差熱天秤分析(サーモプラスTG8120、リガク)を行った。Air50ml/min気流中室温から600℃まで10℃/minで昇温し、その際の重量減少率を測定した。
各試料は乾燥あるいは焼成後の水分吸着の影響をできるだけ排除するため、乾燥あるいは焼成し冷却1h後に測定した。光触媒1、5、18、27の水分含有量を表2に示す。
[3. Differential thermal balance analysis]
In order to examine the water content of the silicon oxide-coated photocatalyst, differential thermal balance analysis (Thermoplus TG8120, Rigaku) was performed. The temperature was raised from room temperature to 600 ° C. in an air stream of 50 ml / min at a rate of 10 ° C./min, and the weight reduction rate at that time was measured.
Each sample was measured after drying or baking and cooling for 1 hour in order to eliminate the influence of moisture adsorption after drying or baking as much as possible. Table 2 shows the water contents of the photocatalysts 1, 5, 18, and 27.

Figure 2008043831
Figure 2008043831

上記方法により得られた光触媒1、5、19、20、24について、光触媒層を含有する石板を作製し、評価を行った。   About the photocatalysts 1, 5, 19, 20, and 24 obtained by the said method, the stone board containing a photocatalyst layer was produced and evaluated.

光触媒1を1%、水ガラス1号(SiO含有量35〜38重量%、JIS−K1408)の0.5%水溶液を水で分散させたコーティング液を得た。次に50mm×50mm×5mm(厚み)の花崗岩の板の表面温度が70℃になるように電気ヒーターを使って加熱し、石の表面近傍の水分を乾燥させた。70℃になった石の表面に上記のコーティング液を刷塗りで、約2g塗布した。そして再び電気ヒーターで表面が150℃になるまで約30秒間加熱した。これを常温になるまで冷却し、光触媒層を含有する石板1を得た。 A coating solution in which 1% of the photocatalyst 1 and 0.5% aqueous solution of water glass No. 1 (SiO 2 content 35 to 38% by weight, JIS-K1408) were dispersed with water was obtained. Next, the surface temperature of the granite plate of 50 mm × 50 mm × 5 mm (thickness) was heated using an electric heater so that the moisture near the surface of the stone was dried. About 2 g of the above coating solution was applied to the surface of the stone at 70 ° C. by printing. And it heated for about 30 seconds again until the surface became 150 degreeC with the electric heater. This was cooled to room temperature to obtain a stone plate 1 containing a photocatalytic layer.

光触媒1を光触媒5に変更した以外は石板1の場合と同じ方法で石板2を得た。   Except having changed the photocatalyst 1 into the photocatalyst 5, the stone plate 2 was obtained by the same method as the case of the stone plate 1.

光触媒1を光触媒19に変更した以外は石板1の場合と同じ方法で石板3を得た。   Except having changed the photocatalyst 1 into the photocatalyst 19, the stone plate 3 was obtained by the same method as the case of the stone plate 1. FIG.

(比較例1)
光触媒1を光触媒20に変更した以外は石板1の場合と同じ方法で石板4を得た。
(比較例2)
光触媒1を光触媒24に変更した以外は石板1の場合と同じ方法で石板5を得た。
(比較例3)
コーティングを行う前の石板を石板6とした。
(Comparative Example 1)
Except having changed the photocatalyst 1 into the photocatalyst 20, the stone plate 4 was obtained by the same method as the case of the stone plate 1. FIG.
(Comparative Example 2)
Except having changed the photocatalyst 1 into the photocatalyst 24, the stone plate 5 was obtained by the same method as the case of the stone plate 1.
(Comparative Example 3)
The stone plate before coating was designated as stone plate 6.

[メチレンブルー分解評価試験]
上記のように製作した石板の光触媒機能を確認するために、メチレンブルー分解評価試験を行った。9cm径のシャーレ中に石板を置き、濃度40×10−6mol/Lメチレンブルー水溶液15mlを入れ、暗所に60分間放置した。その後、液を3mL採取して、分光光度計で吸光度を測定し、光照射前のメチレンブルー濃度を算定した。吸光度測定後に液をシャーレに戻し、ブラックライト(三共電気株式会社、27W)を光源として光照射を行った。照射光量は、紫外線照度計UVD−365PD(ウシオ電機株式会社、試験波長365nm)で、1.0mW/cmであった。ブラックライトでの照射を6時間行なった後、液を3mL採取して、分光光度計で吸光度を測定し、光照射後のメチレンブルー濃度を算定した。光分解活性は、光照射前のメチレンブルー濃度を基準として、光照射後のメチレンブルー濃度から、メチレンブルー分解率として表3に示した。
[Methylene blue decomposition evaluation test]
In order to confirm the photocatalytic function of the stone plate produced as described above, a methylene blue decomposition evaluation test was performed. A stone plate was placed in a petri dish with a diameter of 9 cm, 15 ml of a 40 × 10 −6 mol / L methylene blue aqueous solution was added, and left in a dark place for 60 minutes. Thereafter, 3 mL of the liquid was sampled, the absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the methylene blue concentration before light irradiation was calculated. After the absorbance measurement, the solution was returned to the petri dish and irradiated with light using a black light (Sankyo Electric Co., Ltd., 27W) as a light source. The amount of irradiation light was 1.0 mW / cm 2 with an ultraviolet illuminance meter UVD-365PD (USHIO INC., Test wavelength 365 nm). After 6 hours of irradiation with black light, 3 mL of the liquid was sampled, the absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the methylene blue concentration after light irradiation was calculated. The photolytic activity is shown in Table 3 as the methylene blue decomposition rate from the methylene blue concentration after light irradiation, based on the methylene blue concentration before light irradiation.

Figure 2008043831
Figure 2008043831

[防汚性能の評価]
石板を屋外に暴露して汚染の進み方を観察した。石板1〜3は1年経過後もコーティングされた部分は、汚れの付着は見られずきれいな状態を持続した。石板4、5は6ヶ月までは汚れが付着すること無く、きれいな状態であったが、1年後には部分的に薄緑色に変色が見られ汚染が進み始めていた。石板6は、6ヶ月を経過したころから薄緑色に変色が始まり、1年後には緑や黒色の苔、カビ、藻類の繁殖が見られた。
[Evaluation of antifouling performance]
The stone plate was exposed outdoors to observe how the contamination progressed. In the stone plates 1 to 3, the coated part remained clean with no dirt attached even after 1 year. The slabs 4 and 5 were clean and free of dirt until 6 months, but after 1 year they were partially discolored to light green and began to be contaminated. The slab 6 began to turn pale green around 6 months later, and one year later, green and black moss, mold, and algae grew.

光触媒1のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 1, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒5のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒21)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 5, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 21) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒15のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 15, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒19のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 19, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒22のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 22, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base | substrate of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒23のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒21)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 23, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 21) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒24のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 24, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base | substrate of this photocatalyst. . 光触媒26のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(実線)と、この光触媒の基体に該当する酸化珪素膜を有しない光触媒(光触媒20)のlog微分細孔容積分布曲線(点線)とを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the log differential pore volume distribution curve (solid line) of the photocatalyst 26, and the log differential pore volume distribution curve (dotted line) of the photocatalyst (photocatalyst 20) which does not have the silicon oxide film applicable to the base | substrate of this photocatalyst. .

Claims (12)

光触媒を表面層に含む石材であって、
前記光触媒は、
光触媒活性を有する基体と、
該基体を被覆する、実質的に細孔を有しない酸化珪素膜とを有し、
前記光触媒のアルカリ金属含有量が1ppm以上1000ppm以下である、石材。
A stone containing a photocatalyst in the surface layer,
The photocatalyst is
A substrate having photocatalytic activity;
A silicon oxide film that covers the substrate and has substantially no pores,
The stone material whose alkali metal content of the said photocatalyst is 1 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less.
前記酸化珪素膜が、酸化珪素の焼成膜であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の石材。 The stone material according to claim 1, wherein the silicon oxide film is a fired film of silicon oxide. 前記酸化珪素膜が、200℃以上1200℃以下の温度で焼成して得られる焼成膜であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の石材。 The stone material according to claim 2, wherein the silicon oxide film is a fired film obtained by firing at a temperature of 200 ° C or higher and 1200 ° C or lower. 前記アルカリ金属含有量が10ppm以上1000ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The said alkali metal content is 10 ppm or more and 1000 ppm or less, The stone material of any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. 窒素吸着法による20〜500オングストロームの領域の細孔径分布測定において、酸化珪素膜由来の細孔がないことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein pores derived from a silicon oxide film are not present in pore diameter distribution measurement in a region of 20 to 500 angstroms by a nitrogen adsorption method. 前記基体が、アナターゼ型、ルチル型、あるいはこれらの混合物を含む酸化チタンであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the substrate is an anatase type, a rutile type, or a titanium oxide containing a mixture thereof. 前記アルカリ金属が、ナトリウムおよび/またはカリウムであることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the alkali metal is sodium and / or potassium. 前記光触媒の表面積1mあたりの珪素担持量が、0.10mg以上、2.0mg以下であることを特徴とする特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the amount of silicon supported per 1 m 2 of the surface area of the photocatalyst is 0.10 mg or more and 2.0 mg or less. 前記基体の比表面積が120m/g以上、400m/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の石材。 The stone material according to claim 8, wherein the specific surface area of the substrate is 120 m 2 / g or more and 400 m 2 / g or less. 硫黄元素の含有量が、光触媒の全体重量を基準として、0.5重量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the content of elemental sulfur is 0.5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the photocatalyst. 前記酸化珪素膜にアルカリ金属が含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の石材。 The stone material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the silicon oxide film contains an alkali metal. 前記酸化珪素膜に含まれるアルカリ金属の含有量が、光触媒の全体重量を基準として、1ppm以上200ppm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項11に記載の石材。 The stone material according to claim 11, wherein the content of the alkali metal contained in the silicon oxide film is 1 ppm or more and 200 ppm or less based on the total weight of the photocatalyst.
JP2006218637A 2006-08-10 2006-08-10 Stone having surface layer containing photocatalyst covered with silicon oxide film Pending JP2008043831A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018520870A (en) * 2015-05-15 2018-08-02 ハンツマン ピィアンドエー ジャーマニー ゲーエムベーハー Powdered titanium oxide, method for producing and using the same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2018520870A (en) * 2015-05-15 2018-08-02 ハンツマン ピィアンドエー ジャーマニー ゲーエムベーハー Powdered titanium oxide, method for producing and using the same

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