JP2007319785A - Method for detecting fracture of filtration membrane - Google Patents

Method for detecting fracture of filtration membrane Download PDF

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JP2007319785A
JP2007319785A JP2006153094A JP2006153094A JP2007319785A JP 2007319785 A JP2007319785 A JP 2007319785A JP 2006153094 A JP2006153094 A JP 2006153094A JP 2006153094 A JP2006153094 A JP 2006153094A JP 2007319785 A JP2007319785 A JP 2007319785A
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membrane
filtration
turbidity
filtration membrane
water
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Takeshi Takemoto
剛 武本
晃治 ▲陰▼山
Koji Kageyama
Shoji Watanabe
昭二 渡辺
Naoki Hara
直樹 原
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Hitachi Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for detecting fracture of a filtration membrane by which the precision of fracture detection of a filtration membrane is improved. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for detecting fracture of a filtration membrane of a membrane filtration module 1 having filtration membranes for separating and removing turbid matter contained in raw water and equipped with a turbidometer 3 for measuring the turbidity of the filtrate water filtered by the filtration membranes of the membrane filtration module 1, when flushing treatment is carried out for discharging water containing turbid matter which is separated from filtration membranes by back washing treatment and remains in primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 outside after the back washing treatment for separating the turbid matter adhering to the filtration membranes, a portion of the water containing the turbid matter remaining in the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 is filtered by the filtration membranes and the turbidity of the filtrate water is measured by the turbidometer 3 and fracture of a filtration membrane is detected based on the turbidity of the measured filtrate water. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜に係わり、詳しくは、ろ過膜の破断を検知するろ過膜の破断検知方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a filtration membrane that separates and removes turbidity contained in raw water, and more particularly, to a filtration membrane breakage detection method that detects breakage of a filtration membrane.

膜ろ過装置は、ろ過膜の孔径より大きな微粒子をほぼ100%除去することができ、また維持管理が容易なことから、近年、浄水施設への導入が増加している。この膜ろ過装置は、例えば数千本の中空糸膜(ろ過膜)を有する膜ろ過モジュール(膜ろ過器)を備えており、原水に含まれる濁質や病原性原虫などをろ過膜で分離除去する。ところが、原水に含まれる異物の影響や定期的に実施する逆洗処理又は薬品洗浄によって、ろ過膜は破断する恐れがある。ろ過膜が破断すると処理水中に濁質が混入してしまうので、安心・安全な浄水を常時供給するためには、ろ過膜の破断をオンラインでかつ高精度に検知する必要がある。   Membrane filtration devices can remove almost 100% of fine particles larger than the pore size of the filtration membrane and are easy to maintain and manage, so that their introduction into water purification facilities has increased in recent years. This membrane filtration device is equipped with, for example, a membrane filtration module (membrane filter) having thousands of hollow fiber membranes (filtration membranes), and turbidity and pathogenic protozoa contained in raw water are separated and removed with a filtration membrane. To do. However, the filter membrane may be broken due to the influence of foreign matters contained in the raw water or the regular backwashing treatment or chemical cleaning. When the filtration membrane breaks, turbidity is mixed into the treated water. Therefore, in order to constantly supply safe and safe purified water, it is necessary to detect the filtration membrane breakage online and with high accuracy.

そこで、例えば、逆洗処理後に膜ろ過モジュールから排出した高濁度な逆洗浄排水(逆洗浄水)を逆洗浄水タンクに貯め、逆洗浄水タンクの逆洗浄水(又はその濃縮水)をポンプで原水に注入し、その原水をろ過膜でろ過してろ過水の濁度を高感度濁度計で測定し、この計測したろ過水の濁度が所定の設定値以上である場合にろ過膜が破断したと判定する方法が提唱されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。この従来技術では、地下水などの清廉な原水を処理する場合でも、高濁度な逆洗浄水を原水に注入することにより、ろ過膜の破断検知が的確に行えるようになっている。   Therefore, for example, highly turbid backwash wastewater (backwash water) discharged from the membrane filtration module after backwash treatment is stored in the backwash water tank, and the backwash water (or concentrated water thereof) in the backwash water tank is pumped. The raw water is filtered through a filtration membrane, and the turbidity of the filtrate is measured with a highly sensitive turbidimeter. If the measured turbidity of the filtrate is equal to or higher than the preset value, the filtration membrane Has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this prior art, even when pure raw water such as ground water is treated, the breakage of the filtration membrane can be accurately detected by injecting highly turbid backwash water into the raw water.

特開2005−87948号公報JP 2005-87948 A

本願発明者らは、破断したろ過膜を用いた実験結果により、ろ過膜のろ過流束が小さくなるほど、ろ過膜の破断部から二次側へ流出する流量割合が大きくなり、ろ過水の濁度が高くなるという知見を得た。すなわち、ろ過膜のろ過流束を小さくすれば、ろ過膜の破断検知精度を向上させることが可能である。しかしながら、上記従来技術においては、逆洗浄水を原水に注入するような構成となっており、ろ過処理効率の観点から、ろ過膜のろ過流束を小さくすることは好ましくなかった。そのため、ろ過膜の破断検知精度の点で改善の余地があった。   The inventors of the present application have found that the smaller the filtration flux of the filtration membrane, the larger the flow rate ratio flowing out from the fractured portion of the filtration membrane to the secondary side, and the turbidity of the filtered water. The knowledge that becomes higher. That is, if the filtration flux of the filtration membrane is reduced, it is possible to improve the rupture detection accuracy of the filtration membrane. However, in the above prior art, the configuration is such that the backwash water is injected into the raw water, and it is not preferable to reduce the filtration flux of the filtration membrane from the viewpoint of filtration treatment efficiency. Therefore, there is room for improvement in terms of the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane.

本発明の目的は、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができるろ過膜の破断検知方法を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration membrane breakage detection method capable of improving the accuracy of filtration membrane breakage detection.

(1)上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜を有する膜ろ過器と、前記ろ過膜でろ過したろ過水の濁度を計測する水質計測手段とを備えたろ過膜の破断検知方法において、前記ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させる逆洗処理を行った後、逆洗処理によって前記ろ過膜から剥離し前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させるフラッシング処理を行うときに、前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、そのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、この計測したろ過水の濁度に基づき前記ろ過膜の破断を検知する。   (1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a membrane filter having a filtration membrane for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water, and a water quality measurement for measuring the turbidity of filtered water filtered by the filtration membrane. In the method for detecting breakage of a filtration membrane provided with a means, after performing a backwashing treatment for peeling off turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane, the membrane was separated from the filtration membrane by a backwashing treatment and remained in the membrane filter. When performing flushing treatment to flow out water containing turbidity to the outside, a part of the water containing turbidity remaining in the membrane filter is filtered by the filtration membrane, and the turbidity of the filtered water is determined by the water quality. Measurement is performed by a measuring means, and the breakage of the filtration membrane is detected based on the measured turbidity of the filtrate.

本発明においては、フラッシング処理時に、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水をろ過膜でろ過することにより、原水に比べ高濁度な水をろ過膜でろ過することができる。これにより、例えば原水の濁度が低い場合やろ過膜の破断比率が低い場合でも、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度を高くすることができ、そのろ過水の濁度を水質計測手段で計測してろ過膜の破断を検知することができる。したがって、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。また、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させるフラッシング処理時に、その膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部をろ過膜でろ過するので、例えばろ過処理時(詳しくは、原水に含まれる濁質をろ過膜で分離除去する時)とは異なり、ろ過膜のろ過流束を小さくすることが可能である。これにより、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度をより高くすることができ、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度をさらに向上させることができる。   In the present invention, at the time of flushing treatment, water containing turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the backwash treatment and remaining in the membrane filter is filtered by a filtration membrane, thereby filtering water having higher turbidity than raw water. Can be filtered. Thus, for example, even when the turbidity of raw water is low or the rupture ratio of the filter membrane is low, the turbidity of the filtrate water when the filter membrane breaks can be increased, and the turbidity of the filtrate water is measured for water quality. It is possible to detect breakage of the filtration membrane by measuring by means. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane. In addition, during flushing treatment that drains water containing turbidity that has been separated from the membrane by backwashing and remained in the membrane filter, a part of the water containing turbidity remaining in the membrane filter is filtered. Since filtration is performed with a membrane, for example, unlike the filtration process (specifically, when turbidity contained in raw water is separated and removed by a filtration membrane), the filtration flux of the filtration membrane can be reduced. Thereby, the turbidity of filtered water when the filtration membrane breaks can be further increased, and the accuracy of detection of the filtration membrane breakage can be further improved.

(2)上記(1)において、好ましくは、原水に含まれる濁質を前記ろ過膜で分離除去するろ過処理を行うときのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測して記憶手段に記憶し、フラッシング処理時に前記水質計測手段で計測したろ過水の濁度が前記記憶手段に記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度より大きい場合、前記ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定する。   (2) In the above (1), preferably, the turbidity of filtrate water is measured by the water quality measurement means and stored in the storage means when the filtration treatment for separating and removing the turbidity contained in the raw water is performed by the filtration membrane. If the turbidity of the filtered water measured by the water quality measuring means during the flushing process is greater than the turbidity of the filtered water stored in the storage means during the filtration process, it is determined that the filter membrane has been broken.

(3)上記(1)又は(2)において、好ましくは、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜のろ過流束は、ろ過処理時における前記ろ過膜のろ過流束より小さくする。   (3) In the above (1) or (2), preferably, the filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the flushing treatment is made smaller than the filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the filtration treatment.

(4)上記(3)において、好ましくは、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるように、フラッシング処理時に前記膜ろ過器へ給水するポンプの容量を調整する。   (4) In the above (3), preferably, the capacity of the pump for supplying water to the membrane filter during the flushing process is adjusted so that the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane during the flushing process becomes a predetermined value.

(5)上記(3)において、好ましくは、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるように、逆洗処理によって前記ろ過膜から剥離し前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させる流路に設けた開閉弁の開口度を調整する。   (5) In the above (3), preferably, the turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the back washing treatment and remaining in the membrane filter so that the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane at the flushing treatment becomes a predetermined value. The opening degree of the on-off valve provided in the flow path for flowing water containing quality to the outside is adjusted.

(6)上記(3)において、好ましくは、前記膜ろ過器を複数備えており、フラッシング処理時に予め設定された前記膜ろ過器の順序で、それぞれ前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、それらろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、それら計測したろ過水の濁度に基づき前記複数の膜ろ過器における前記ろ過膜の破断を検知する。   (6) In the above (3), preferably, a plurality of the membrane filters are provided, and the turbidity remaining in the membrane filters is included in the order of the membrane filters set in advance during the flushing process. Part of the water is filtered through the filtration membrane, the turbidity of the filtrate is measured by the water quality measuring means, and the filtration membrane is broken in the plurality of membrane filters based on the measured turbidity of the filtrate. Detect.

(7)上記目的を達成するために、また本発明は、原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜を有する膜ろ過器と、前記ろ過膜でろ過したろ過水の濁度を計測する水質計測手段とを備えたろ過膜の破断検知方法において、ろ過処理時における前記ろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給しないときのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測して記憶手段に記憶し、ろ過処理時に間欠的に空気供給手段で前記ろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給して前記ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させ、前記ろ過膜から剥離した濁質を含む原水を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、そのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、この計測したろ過水の濁度が前記記憶手段に記憶したろ過水の濁度より大きい場合に前記ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定する。   (7) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention also provides a membrane filter having a filtration membrane for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water, and a water quality for measuring the turbidity of filtered water filtered by the filtration membrane. In the filtration membrane breakage detection method provided with a measuring means, the turbidity of filtrate when the air is not supplied to the primary side of the filtration membrane during filtration is measured by the water quality measuring means and stored in the storage means. The air supply means intermittently supplies air to the primary side of the filtration membrane during the filtration treatment to remove the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane, and the raw water containing the turbidity separated from the filtration membrane is removed from the filtration membrane. The turbidity of the filtered water is measured by the water quality measuring means, and when the measured turbidity of the filtered water is larger than the turbidity of the filtered water stored in the memory means, the filter membrane breaks. It is determined that

本発明においては、ろ過処理時に間欠的に、空気供給手段でろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給し、ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させるので、一時的に原水の濁度を増加させてろ過膜でろ過することができる。これにより、例えば原水の濁度が低い場合やろ過膜の破断比率が低い場合でも、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度の増加幅を大きくすることができ、そのろ過水の濁度を水質計測手段で計測してろ過膜の破断を検知することができる。したがって、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。   In the present invention, intermittently during the filtration treatment, air is supplied to the primary side of the filtration membrane by the air supply means, and the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane is peeled off, so that the turbidity of the raw water is temporarily increased. It can filter with a filter membrane. Thereby, for example, even when the turbidity of raw water is low or the rupture ratio of the filtration membrane is low, the increase in the turbidity of the filtrate water when the filtration membrane breaks can be increased. Can be measured by the water quality measuring means to detect the breakage of the filtration membrane. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane.

本発明によれば、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the precision of the fracture | rupture detection of a filtration membrane can be improved.

以下、本発明の実施形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

本発明の第1の実施形態を図1〜図3により説明する。図1は、本発明のろ過膜の検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の一実施形態の構成を表す概略図である。   A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of a membrane filtration apparatus to which the filtration membrane detection method of the present invention is applied.

この図1において、膜ろ過装置は、例えば河川等の表流水に代表される原水を浄化する浄化施設等に設置されるものであり、原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜を有する膜ろ過モジュール(膜ろ過器)1と、この膜ろ過モジュール1に原水を供給する例えば可変容量型のろ過ポンプ2と、膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜でろ過したろ過水の濁度を計測する高感度濁度計(水質計測手段)3と、ろ過水を貯留するろ過水タンク4とを備えている。膜ろ過モジュール1は、詳細は図示しないが、例えばろ過膜として数千本の中空糸膜を有し、それら中空糸膜の外周側(一次側)から内周側(二次側)に原水を通すことにより、原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するようになっている。   In FIG. 1, a membrane filtration apparatus is installed in a purification facility that purifies raw water represented by surface water such as rivers, and has a filtration membrane that separates and removes turbidity contained in raw water. High sensitivity for measuring the turbidity of filtration water filtered through a filtration module (membrane filter) 1, a variable capacity filtration pump 2 for supplying raw water to the membrane filtration module 1, and a filtration membrane of the membrane filtration module 1 A turbidimeter (water quality measuring means) 3 and a filtrate tank 4 for storing filtrate are provided. Although not shown in detail, the membrane filtration module 1 has, for example, thousands of hollow fiber membranes as filtration membranes, and feeds raw water from the outer peripheral side (primary side) to the inner peripheral side (secondary side) of the hollow fiber membranes. By passing it through, the turbidity contained in the raw water is separated and removed.

また膜ろ過装置は、膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させる逆洗処理を行うため、ろ過水タンク4のろ過水を膜ろ過モジュール1の二次側に供給する逆洗ポンプ5と、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に空気を供給する空気供給装置(空気供給手段)6とを備えている。   Further, the membrane filtration device performs a backwashing process for peeling off the turbidity adhering to the membrane of the membrane filtration module 1, so that the backwashing pump supplies the filtrate of the filtrate tank 4 to the secondary side of the membrane filtration module 1. 5 and an air supply device (air supply means) 6 for supplying air to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1.

ろ過ポンプ2から膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側へ原水を供給する流路7には、開閉弁8が設けられ、膜ろ過モジュール1の二次側から濁度計3及びろ過水タンク4へろ過水を導く流路9には、開閉弁10が設けられている。流路9における開閉弁10の膜ろ過モジュール1側とろ過水タンク4との間には、ろ過水タンク4のろ過水を膜ろ過モジュール1の二次側へ供給するための流路11が接続されており、この流路11には上記逆洗ポンプ5及び開閉弁12が設けられている。空気供給装置6から膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側へ空気を供給する流路13には、開閉弁14が設けられている。逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離した濁質を含む水を膜ろ過モジュール1の外部へ流出させる流路15には、開閉弁16が設けられている。   An on-off valve 8 is provided in the flow path 7 for supplying raw water from the filtration pump 2 to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1, and filtered water from the secondary side of the membrane filtration module 1 to the turbidimeter 3 and the filtrate water tank 4. An opening / closing valve 10 is provided in the flow path 9 that guides. Between the membrane filtration module 1 side of the on-off valve 10 and the filtrate water tank 4 in the channel 9, a channel 11 for supplying the filtrate of the filtrate water tank 4 to the secondary side of the membrane filtration module 1 is connected. The flow path 11 is provided with the backwash pump 5 and the opening / closing valve 12. An opening / closing valve 14 is provided in the flow path 13 for supplying air from the air supply device 6 to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1. An opening / closing valve 16 is provided in the flow path 15 through which water containing turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the backwash treatment flows out of the membrane filtration module 1.

そして、上記ろ過ポンプ2、逆洗ポンプ5、空気供給装置6、及び開閉弁8,10,12,14,16を制御する制御装置17が設けられており、この制御装置17は、膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過処理(詳しくは、原水に含まれる濁質をろ過膜で分離除去する処理)、逆洗処理(詳しくは、ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させる処理)、及びフラッシング処理(詳しくは、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させる処理)を切り換える機能を有している(図2参照)。詳しく説明すると、例えばろ過処理時には、開閉弁8,10を開き状態とし、開閉弁12,14,16を閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に原水が供給され、原水に含まれる濁質が膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜で分離除去され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度Aが濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。   And the control apparatus 17 which controls the said filtration pump 2, the backwash pump 5, the air supply apparatus 6, and the on-off valve 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 is provided, This control apparatus 17 is a membrane filtration module. 1. Filtration treatment (specifically, treatment for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water with a filtration membrane), backwashing treatment (specifically, treatment for removing turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane), and flushing treatment (for details) , And a function of switching the water containing turbidity that is peeled off from the filtration membrane and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1 by backwashing treatment (see FIG. 2). More specifically, for example, during the filtration process, the on-off valves 8 and 10 are opened, and the on-off valves 12, 14, and 16 are closed, and the filtration pump 2 is driven. Thereby, raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the filtration pump 2, turbidity contained in the raw water is separated and removed by the filtration membrane of the membrane filtration module 1, and the filtrate is sent to the filtrate tank 4. At the same time, the turbidity A of the filtered water is measured by the turbidimeter 3.

また、例えば逆洗処理時には、開閉弁12,14,16を開き状態とし、開閉弁8,10を閉じ状態として、逆洗ポンプ5及び空気供給装置6を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、逆洗ポンプ5によって膜ろ過モジュール1の二次側にろ過水が供給され、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側から外部へ排出される。このとき、膜ろ過モジュール1内の流れはろ過処理時とは逆になり(すなわち、ろ過膜の二次側から一次側への流れとなり)、ろ過膜に付着した濁質が剥離する。また、空気供給装置6によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側の水に空気が混入され、その振動によりろ過膜に付着した濁質の剥離が促進される。なお、本実施形態では、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離した濁質が膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留するように、逆洗処理における流量や時間を設定している。   Further, for example, at the time of backwashing, the backwash pump 5 and the air supply device 6 are driven with the on-off valves 12, 14, 16 opened and the on-off valves 8, 10 closed. Thereby, filtered water is supplied to the secondary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the backwash pump 5 and discharged from the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 to the outside. At this time, the flow in the membrane filtration module 1 is opposite to that during the filtration process (that is, the flow from the secondary side to the primary side of the filtration membrane), and the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane is peeled off. In addition, air is mixed into the water on the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the air supply device 6, and the vibrations promote the separation of turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane. In the present embodiment, the flow rate and time in the backwashing process are set so that the suspended matter separated from the filtration membrane by the backwashing process remains in the membrane filtration module 1.

そして、本実施形態の大きな特徴の一つとして、フラッシング処理時には、開閉弁8,10,16を開き状態とし、開閉弁12,14を閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に原水が供給され、上記逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の大部分が外部へ排出される。これと同時に、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の一部がろ過膜でろ過され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度Bが濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。   And as one of the big features of this embodiment, at the time of flushing processing, the on-off valves 8, 10, 16 are opened, the on-off valves 12, 14 are closed, and the filtration pump 2 is driven. . As a result, the raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the filtration pump 2, and most of the water containing turbidity that has been separated from the filtration membrane and remained in the membrane filtration module 1 by the backwashing process to the outside. Discharged. At the same time, a part of the water containing turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the back washing treatment and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1 is filtered through the filtration membrane, and the filtrate is sent to the filtrate water tank 4, The turbidity B of the filtered water is measured by the turbidimeter 3.

このとき、制御装置17は、フラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜の膜差圧(言い換えれば、ろ過膜の一次側と二次側の圧力差)が所定値(ろ過処理時における値より小さい値)となるように、ろ過ポンプ2の容量を制御するようになっている。すなわち、例えばろ過ポンプ2からの給水流量が増加することで、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側圧力を上昇させてろ過膜の膜差圧を増加させ、また例えばろ過ポンプ2からの給水流量が減少することで、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側圧力を低下させてろ過膜の膜差圧を減少させることが可能である。このようにしてフラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜の膜差圧を所定値とし、フラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束を、上記ろ過処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束に対し例えば1/10程度と小さくなるように調整している。   At this time, the control device 17 sets the membrane pressure difference of the filtration membrane during the flushing process (in other words, the pressure difference between the primary side and the secondary side of the filtration membrane) to a predetermined value (a value smaller than the value during the filtration process). Thus, the capacity | capacitance of the filtration pump 2 is controlled. That is, for example, when the feed water flow rate from the filtration pump 2 increases, the primary pressure of the membrane filtration module 1 is increased to increase the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane, and for example, the feed water flow rate from the filtration pump 2 decreases. Thus, the primary pressure of the membrane filtration module 1 can be reduced to reduce the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane. Thus, the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane during the flushing treatment is set to a predetermined value, and the filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the flushing treatment is, for example, about 1/10 of the filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the filtration treatment. It is adjusted to be smaller.

そして、制御装置17は、ろ過処理時及びフラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度A,Bを入力し、これに基づき膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜が破断しているかどうか判定する機能を有している。詳しく説明すると、ろ過処理時(例えばろ過処理終了間際)に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Aを内部メモリ等の記憶手段に記憶し、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Bが内部メモリに記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きいかどうかを判断し、大きい場合はろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定するようになっている。そして、ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定したときには、例えば上述した膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過処理を停止又は中断するように制御したり、またランプやブザー等(図示せず)を制御して報知するようになっている。   And the control apparatus 17 inputs the turbidity A and B of the filtered water measured with the turbidimeter 3 at the time of a filtration process and a flushing process, and determines whether the filtration membrane of the membrane filtration module 1 is fractured based on this It has a function to do. More specifically, the turbidity A of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 at the time of the filtration process (for example, just before the end of the filtration process) is stored in a storage means such as an internal memory, and the filtration measured by the turbidimeter 3 at the time of the flushing process. It is determined whether the turbidity B of the water is greater than the turbidity A of the filtered water stored in the internal memory, and if it is greater, it is determined that the filter membrane has been broken. And when it determines with the fracture | rupture having arisen in the filtration membrane, for example, it controls so that the filtration process of the membrane filtration module 1 mentioned above may be stopped or interrupted, and it controls and notifies a lamp | ramp, a buzzer, etc. (not shown). It is like that.

なお、本実施形態では、上述した膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過処理、逆洗処理、及びフラッシング処理はその順序で、予め設定された時間間隔で繰り返し行われている。例えば、ろ過処理時間は30〜60分、逆洗処理時間は30〜60秒、フラッシング処理時間は30〜60秒である。なお、ろ過処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束は1〜3m/日、これに対し逆洗処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束は1〜2倍程度に設定することが好ましい。   In addition, in this embodiment, the filtration process of the membrane filtration module 1 mentioned above, a backwash process, and the flushing process are repeatedly performed at the preset time interval in the order. For example, the filtration time is 30 to 60 minutes, the backwash time is 30 to 60 seconds, and the flushing time is 30 to 60 seconds. The filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the filtration treatment is preferably set to 1 to 3 m / day, whereas the filtration flux of the filtration membrane during the backwash treatment is preferably set to about 1 to 2 times.

以上のように構成された本実施形態においては、フラッシング処理時に、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含む水をろ過膜でろ過することにより、原水に比べ高濁度な水をろ過膜でろ過することができる。これにより、例えば原水の濁度が低い場合やろ過膜の破断比率が低い場合でも、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度の増加幅を大きくすることができ、そのろ過水の濁度を濁度計3で計測してろ過膜の破断を検知することができる。したがって、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。また、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させるフラッシング処理時に、その膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部をろ過膜でろ過するので、例えばろ過処理時とは異なり、ろ過膜のろ過流束を小さくすることが可能である。図3に示すように、本願発明者らによる破断したろ過膜を用いた実験結果によれば、ろ過膜のろ過流束が小さくなるほど、ろ過水の濁度が高くなることがわかった。これは、ろ過膜のろ過流束、言い換えればろ過膜の膜差圧が小さくなるほど、ろ過膜の破断部からの流出割合が大きくなるためと考えられる。したがって、ろ過膜のろ過流束を小さくすることにより、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度をより増加させることができ、ろ過膜の破断検知精度をさらに向上させることができる。   In the present embodiment configured as described above, at the time of the flushing process, the raw water is separated from the filter membrane by the backwash process and the turbid water remaining in the membrane filtration module 1 is filtered through the filter membrane. Highly turbid water can be filtered with a filter membrane. Thereby, for example, even when the turbidity of raw water is low or the rupture ratio of the filtration membrane is low, the increase in the turbidity of the filtrate water when the filtration membrane breaks can be increased. Can be measured by the turbidimeter 3 to detect the breakage of the filtration membrane. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane. In addition, a part of the water containing the turbidity remaining in the membrane filtration module 1 during the flushing process in which the water containing the turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the backwashing process and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1 is discharged to the outside. Is filtered with a filtration membrane, for example, unlike the filtration process, the filtration flux of the filtration membrane can be reduced. As shown in FIG. 3, according to the experimental results using the broken filtration membrane by the inventors of the present application, it was found that the turbidity of the filtered water increases as the filtration flux of the filtration membrane decreases. This is presumably because the outflow rate from the fractured portion of the filtration membrane increases as the filtration flux of the filtration membrane, in other words, the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane decreases. Therefore, by reducing the filtration flux of the filtration membrane, the turbidity of the filtered water when the filtration membrane breaks can be further increased, and the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane can be further improved.

また本実施形態においては、例えば従来技術のようにフラッシング処理によって膜ろ過モジュールから排出した排出した高濁度な逆洗浄水をタンクに貯め、そのタンクの逆洗浄水(又はその濃縮水)をポンプで原水に注入するような場合とは異なり、それらタンクやポンプ等の構成を不要とすることができる。したがって、小型化を図ることができる。また、ろ過膜のろ過流量が小さいので、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水への濁質混入を低減させることができる。   Further, in this embodiment, for example, the high turbidity backwash water discharged from the membrane filtration module by the flushing process as in the prior art is stored in the tank, and the backwash water (or the concentrated water) of the tank is pumped. Unlike the case of injecting into raw water, it is possible to eliminate the need for such a tank or pump. Therefore, size reduction can be achieved. Moreover, since the filtration flow rate of the filtration membrane is small, turbid contamination into the filtrate water when the filtration membrane is broken can be reduced.

なお、上記第1の実施形態においては、制御装置17は、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Bが内部メモリ等の記憶手段に記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きい場合、ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定する機能を有するものとして説明したが、これに限られない。すなわち、例えばフラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Bが所定の設定値より大きい場合、ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定してもよい。このような場合も、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the first embodiment, the control device 17 uses the turbidity B of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process to store the turbidity of the filtrate during the filtration process stored in the storage means such as the internal memory. When it is larger than degree A, it has been described as having a function of determining that a breakage has occurred in the filtration membrane, but is not limited thereto. That is, for example, when the turbidity B of the filtered water measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process is larger than a predetermined set value, it may be determined that the filter membrane is broken. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

また、上記第1の実施形態においては、膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過処理、逆洗処理、及びフラッシング処理をその順序で繰り返し行う場合を例にとって説明したが、これに限られない。すなわち、例えばろ過処理→第1逆洗処理→第1フラッシング処理→第2逆洗処理→第2フラッシング処理→ろ過処理…のような順序で行ってもよい。そして、このような場合は、例えば、第1逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離した濁質が膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留するように、第1逆洗処理における流量や時間を設定し、第1フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度に基づきろ過膜の破断を検知するようにしてもよい。また、例えば第2フラッシング処理時にろ過膜の破断を検知しないのであれば、第2逆洗処理の時間を第1逆洗処理の時間に比べ長くしたり、また第2逆洗処理における流量を第1逆洗処理における流量より大きくすることが可能となる。このような場合も、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   Moreover, although the said 1st Embodiment demonstrated as an example the case where the filtration process, backwashing process, and flushing process of the membrane filtration module 1 were repeated in the order, it is not restricted to this. That is, for example, it may be performed in the order of filtration process → first backwash process → first flushing process → second backwash process → second flushing process → filtering process. In such a case, for example, the flow rate and time in the first backwashing process are set so that the suspended matter separated from the filtration membrane by the first backwashing process remains in the membrane filtration module 1. You may make it detect the fracture | rupture of a filtration membrane based on the turbidity of the filtered water measured with the turbidimeter 3 at the time of a flushing process. Further, for example, if no breakage of the filtration membrane is detected during the second flushing process, the time of the second backwashing process is made longer than the time of the first backwashing process, and the flow rate in the second backwashing process is increased. It becomes possible to make it larger than the flow volume in 1 backwash process. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

また、上記第1の実施形態においては、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度に基づきろ過膜の破断を検知する方法について説明したが、本発明の技術思想に基づけば、次のような変形例も考えられる。すなわち、例えばフラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流量が少なく、そのろ過水がフラッシング処理中に濁度計3まで到達しない場合は、その到達時間を見越した例えばろ過処理の開始直後などに濁度計3でろ過水の濁度を計測し、これに基づきろ過膜の破断を検知するようにしてもよい。このような変形例においても、上記一実施形態同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the first embodiment, the method for detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane based on the turbidity of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process has been described. However, based on the technical idea of the present invention, The following modifications are also conceivable. That is, for example, when the filtration flow rate of the filtration membrane at the time of the flushing process is small and the filtrate does not reach the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process, the turbidimeter is in anticipation of the arrival time, for example immediately after the start of the filtration process. The turbidity of the filtered water may be measured at 3, and the rupture of the filtration membrane may be detected based on this. Also in such a modification, the same effect as the above-described embodiment can be obtained.

本発明の第2の実施形態を図4及び図5により説明する。本実施形態は、膜ろ過モジュールを複数備えた場合の実施形態である。   A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is an embodiment when a plurality of membrane filtration modules are provided.

図4は、本実施形態による膜ろ過装置の構成を表す概略図である。この図4において、上記第1の実施形態と同等の部分には同一の符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。   FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the membrane filtration device according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 4, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted as appropriate.

本実施形態の膜ろ過装置では、例えば3つの膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cを備えている。ろ過ポンプ2から膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側へ原水を供給する経路7は、開閉弁8の下流側で分岐する分岐経路7a〜7cを有し、それら分岐経路7a〜7cが膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側にそれぞれ接続されている。また、膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの二次側のろ過水を濁度計3及びろ過水タンク4へ導く経路9は、膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの二次側にそれぞれ接続された分岐経路9a〜9cを有し、それら分岐経路9a〜9cが開閉弁10及び経路11の接続部より膜ろ過モジュール側で合流するようになっている。また、分岐経路9a〜9Cには開閉弁18A〜18Cがそれぞれ設けられている。膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側には、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させる流路15a〜15cがそれぞれ接続されており、それら流路15a〜15cには開閉弁16A〜16Cがそれぞれ設けられている。   In the membrane filtration apparatus of this embodiment, for example, three membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C are provided. The path 7 for supplying raw water from the filtration pump 2 to the primary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C has branch paths 7a to 7c that branch on the downstream side of the on-off valve 8, and these branch paths 7a to 7c are the membrane filtration modules. It is connected to the primary side of 1A-1C, respectively. Moreover, the path | route 9 which guides the secondary filtered water of the membrane filtration modules 1A-1C to the turbidimeter 3 and the filtrate water tank 4 is branched paths 9a- connected to the secondary sides of the membrane filtration modules 1A-1C, respectively. 9c, and the branch paths 9a to 9c join together on the membrane filtration module side from the connection between the on-off valve 10 and the path 11. In addition, on-off valves 18A to 18C are provided in the branch paths 9a to 9C, respectively. The primary sides of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C are connected to flow paths 15a to 15c that allow water containing turbidity separated from the filtration membrane to flow out to the outside by backwashing treatment, and are connected to the flow paths 15a to 15c, respectively. Open / close valves 16A to 16C are respectively provided.

そして、制御装置17は、ろ過ポンプ2、逆洗ポンプ5、空気供給装置6、及び開閉弁8,10,12,14,16A〜16C,18A〜18Cを制御し、これによって膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cのろ過処理、逆洗処理、及びフラッシング処理を切り換える機能を有している(図5参照)。詳しく説明すると、例えばろ過処理時には、開閉弁8,10,18A〜18Cを開き状態とし、開閉弁12,14,16A〜16Cを閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側に原水が供給され、原水に含まれる濁質が膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜で分離除去され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度Aが濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。   And the control apparatus 17 controls the filtration pump 2, the backwash pump 5, the air supply apparatus 6, and the on-off valves 8, 10, 12, 14, 16A-16C, 18A-18C, and, thereby, the membrane filtration module 1A- It has a function of switching between 1C filtration, backwashing, and flushing (see FIG. 5). More specifically, at the time of filtration, for example, the on-off valves 8, 10, 18A to 18C are opened, and the on-off valves 12, 14, 16A to 16C are closed, and the filtration pump 2 is driven. Thereby, raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C by the filtration pump 2, and the turbidity contained in the raw water is separated and removed by the filtration membrane of the membrane filtration module 1, and the filtrate water is supplied to the filtrate water tank 4. While being sent, the turbidity A of the filtered water is measured by the turbidimeter 3.

また、例えば逆洗処理時には、開閉弁12,14,16A〜16C,18A〜18Cを開き状態とし、開閉弁8,10を閉じ状態として、逆洗ポンプ5及び空気供給装置6を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、逆洗ポンプ5によって膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの二次側にろ過水が供給され、膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側から外部へ排出される。このとき、膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1C内の流れはろ過処理時とは逆になり、ろ過膜に付着した濁質が剥離する。また、空気供給装置6によって膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側の水に空気が混入され、その振動によりろ過膜に付着した濁質の剥離が促進される。   Further, for example, at the time of backwashing treatment, the on-off valves 12, 14, 16A-16C, 18A-18C are opened, the on-off valves 8, 10 are closed, and the backwash pump 5 and the air supply device 6 are driven. It has become. Thereby, filtered water is supplied to the secondary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C by the backwash pump 5, and discharged from the primary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C to the outside. At this time, the flow in the membrane filtration modules 1 </ b> A to 1 </ b> C is opposite to that during the filtration treatment, and the turbidity attached to the filtration membrane is peeled off. Moreover, air is mixed in the water on the primary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C by the air supply device 6, and the vibrations promote the separation of turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane.

また、例えばフラッシング処理時には、開閉弁8,10,16A〜16Bを開き状態とし、開閉弁12,14を閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cの一次側に原水が供給され、上記逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1C内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の大部分が外部へ排出される。これと同時に、予め設定された順序(本実施形態では、開閉弁18A→18B→18Cの順序)で開閉弁18A〜18Cのうちの1つを開き状態、残りの2つを閉じ状態とするようになっている。例えばフラッシング処理時の前半に開閉弁18Aのみを開き状態とした場合は、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1A内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の一部がろ過膜でろ過され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度B1が濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。また、例えばフラッシング処理時の中間に開閉弁18Bのみを開き状態とした場合は、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1B内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の一部がろ過膜でろ過され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度B1が濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。また、例えばフラッシング処理時の後半に開閉弁18Cのみを開き状態とした場合は、逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1C内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の一部がろ過膜でろ過され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度B2が濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。このとき、制御装置17は、上記第1の実施形態同様、フラッシング処理時における膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cのうちのいずれかのろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるようにろ過ポンプ2の容量を制御し、フラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束を上記ろ過処理時におけるろ過膜のろ過流束に対し例えば1/10程度と小さくなるように調整している。   For example, during the flushing process, the on-off valves 8, 10, 16A to 16B are opened and the on-off valves 12 and 14 are closed to drive the filtration pump 2. Thereby, the raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C by the filtration pump 2, and the water containing the turbidity separated from the filtration membrane by the back washing treatment and remaining in the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C. Part is discharged to the outside. At the same time, one of the on / off valves 18A to 18C is opened and the remaining two are closed in a preset order (in this embodiment, the order of on / off valves 18A → 18B → 18C). It has become. For example, when only the on-off valve 18A is opened in the first half of the flushing process, a part of the water containing turbidity separated from the filter membrane by the backwash process and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1A is filtered through the filter membrane. Then, the filtrate is sent to the filtrate tank 4, and the turbidity B1 of the filtrate is measured by the turbidimeter 3. For example, when only the on-off valve 18B is opened in the middle of the flushing process, a part of the water containing turbidity separated from the filter membrane by the backwash process and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1B is filtered. The filtrate is sent to the filtrate tank 4 and the turbidity B1 of the filtrate is measured by the turbidimeter 3. Further, for example, when only the on-off valve 18C is opened in the latter half of the flushing process, a part of the water containing turbidity separated from the filter membrane by the backwash process and remaining in the membrane filtration module 1C is filtered. The filtrate is sent to the filtrate tank 4 and the turbidity B2 of the filtrate is measured by the turbidimeter 3. At this time, as in the first embodiment, the control device 17 sets the capacity of the filtration pump 2 so that the membrane differential pressure of any one of the membrane filtration modules 1A to 1C during the flushing process becomes a predetermined value. And the filtration flux of the filtration membrane at the time of the flushing treatment is adjusted to be, for example, about 1/10 smaller than the filtration flux of the filtration membrane at the time of the filtration treatment.

そして、御装置17は、ろ過処理時及びフラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度A,B1〜B3を入力し、これらに基づき膜ろ過モジュール1A〜1Cのろ過膜が破断しているかどうか判定する機能を有している。詳しく説明すると、ろ過処理時(例えばろ過処理終了間際)に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Aを内部メモリ等の記憶手段に記憶し、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B1が内部メモリに記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きいかどうかを判断し、大きい場合は膜ろ過モジュール1Aのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定するようになっている。また同様に、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B2が内部メモリに記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きいかどうかを判断し、大きい場合は膜ろ過モジュール1Bのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定するようになっている。また同様に、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B3が内部メモリに記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きいかどうかを判断し、大きい場合は膜ろ過モジュール1Cのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定するようになっている。   And the control apparatus 17 inputs the turbidity A, B1-B3 of the filtration water measured with the turbidimeter 3 at the time of filtration processing and flushing processing, and based on these, the filtration membranes of the membrane filtration modules 1A-1C break. It has a function to determine whether or not. More specifically, the turbidity A of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 at the time of the filtration process (for example, just before the end of the filtration process) is stored in a storage means such as an internal memory, and the filtration measured by the turbidimeter 3 at the time of the flushing process. It is determined whether or not the turbidity B1 of the water is greater than the turbidity A of the filtered water stored in the internal memory, and if it is larger, it is determined that the filter membrane of the membrane filtration module 1A has been broken. Yes. Similarly, it is determined whether the turbidity B2 of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process is greater than the turbidity A of the filtrate during the filtration process stored in the internal memory. It is determined that a break has occurred in the 1B filtration membrane. Similarly, it is determined whether the turbidity B3 of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process is greater than the turbidity A of the filtrate during the filtration process stored in the internal memory. It is determined that a break has occurred in the 1C filter membrane.

以上のように構成された本実施形態においても、上記一実施形態と同様、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。   Also in the present embodiment configured as described above, the accuracy of the filtration membrane breakage detection can be improved as in the above-described embodiment.

なお、上記第2の実施形態においては、制御装置17は、フラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B1〜B3のうちいずれかが内部メモリ等の記憶手段に記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度Aより大きい場合、該当する膜ろ過モジュールのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定する機能を有するものとして説明したが、これに限られない。すなわち、例えばフラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B1〜B3のうちいずれかが所定の設定値より大きい場合、該当する膜ろ過モジュールのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定してもよい。また、例えばフラッシング処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度B1〜B3を互いに比較していずれかが大きい場合、該当する膜ろ過モジュールのろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定してもよい。このような場合も、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the second embodiment, the control device 17 performs a filtration process in which any one of the turbidities B1 to B3 of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process is stored in a storage unit such as an internal memory. When it is larger than the turbidity A of the filtered water at the time, it has been described as having a function of determining that the filtration membrane of the corresponding membrane filtration module is broken, but is not limited thereto. That is, for example, when any of the turbidities B1 to B3 of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 during the flushing process is larger than a predetermined set value, it is determined that the filtration membrane of the corresponding membrane filtration module has broken. Also good. Further, for example, when the turbidity B1 to B3 of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 at the time of the flushing process is compared with each other, it may be determined that the filter membrane of the corresponding membrane filtration module has been broken. . In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

また、上記第1及び第2の実施形態においては、制御装置17は、フラッシング処理時におけるろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるように、ろ過ポンプ2の容量を可変制御する場合を例にとって説明したが、これに限られない。すなわち、例えばろ過ポンプ2を固定容量型とする場合、開閉弁16又は16A,16B,16cの開口度を制御するようにしてもよい。すなわち、例えば開閉弁16又は16A,16B,16cの開口度が小さくなることで、膜ろ過モジュールの一次側圧力を上昇させてろ過膜の膜差圧を増加させ、また例えば開閉弁16又は16A,16B,16cの開口度が大きくなることで、膜ろ過モジュールの一次側圧力を低下させてろ過膜の膜差圧を減少させることが可能である。このような場合も、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the first and second embodiments, the controller 17 exemplifies a case where the capacity of the filtration pump 2 is variably controlled so that the membrane pressure difference of the filtration membrane during the flushing process becomes a predetermined value. Although explained, it is not limited to this. That is, for example, when the filtration pump 2 is a fixed capacity type, the opening degree of the on-off valve 16 or 16A, 16B, 16c may be controlled. That is, for example, when the opening degree of the on-off valve 16 or 16A, 16B, 16c is reduced, the primary pressure of the membrane filtration module is increased to increase the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane, and for example, the on-off valve 16 or 16A, Since the opening degree of 16B and 16c becomes large, it is possible to reduce the primary pressure of the membrane filtration module and reduce the membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

本発明の第3の実施形態を図により説明する。本実施形態は、ろ過処理時に間欠的に膜ろ過モジュールの一次側に空気を供給する実施形態である。   A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. This embodiment is an embodiment in which air is intermittently supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module during the filtration process.

本実施形態の膜ろ過装置は、前述の図1に示す構成と同じであり、制御装置17は、上記第1の実施形態同様、ろ過ポンプ2、逆洗ポンプ5、空気供給装置6、及び開閉弁8,10,12,14,16を制御し、膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過処理、逆洗処理、及びフラッシング処理を切り換える機能を有している。しかしながら、前述の図2に相当する図6に示すように、制御装置17の制御設定が異なっている。   The membrane filtration device of this embodiment is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 1 described above, and the control device 17 is similar to the first embodiment in that the filtration pump 2, the backwash pump 5, the air supply device 6, and the open / close The valves 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 are controlled to have a function of switching the filtration process, backwash process, and flushing process of the membrane filtration module 1. However, as shown in FIG. 6 corresponding to FIG. 2 described above, the control setting of the control device 17 is different.

詳しく説明すると、例えばろ過処理時の前半には、開閉弁8,10を開き状態とし、開閉弁12,14,16を閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に原水が供給され、原水に含まれる濁質が膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜で分離除去され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度Aが濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。   More specifically, for example, in the first half of the filtration process, the on-off valves 8 and 10 are opened and the on-off valves 12, 14 and 16 are closed to drive the filtration pump 2. Thereby, raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the filtration pump 2, turbidity contained in the raw water is separated and removed by the filtration membrane of the membrane filtration module 1, and the filtrate is sent to the filtrate tank 4. At the same time, the turbidity A of the filtered water is measured by the turbidimeter 3.

そして、本実施形態の大きな特徴の一つとして、例えばろ過処理時の後半には、開閉弁14を開き状態とするとともに、空気供給装置6を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、空気供給装置6によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側の原水に空気が混入され、その振動によりろ過膜に付着した濁質が剥離し、この剥離した濁質を含んだ原水がろ過膜でろ過され、そのろ過水がろ過水タンク4に送られるとともに、ろ過水の濁度Cが濁度計3で計測されるようになっている。   As one of the major features of this embodiment, for example, in the latter half of the filtration process, the on-off valve 14 is opened and the air supply device 6 is driven. As a result, air is mixed into the raw water on the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the air supply device 6, and the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane is peeled off due to the vibration, and the raw water containing the separated turbidity is the filtration membrane. The filtered water is sent to the filtered water tank 4 and the turbidity C of the filtered water is measured by the turbidimeter 3.

また、例えば逆洗処理時には、開閉弁12,14,16を開き状態とし、開閉弁8,10を閉じ状態として、逆洗ポンプ5及び空気供給装置6を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、逆洗ポンプ5によって膜ろ過モジュール1の二次側にろ過水が供給され、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側から外部へ排出される。このとき、膜ろ過モジュール1内の流れはろ過処理時とは逆になり、ろ過膜に付着した濁質が剥離する。また、空気供給装置6によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側野水に空気が混入され、その振動によりろ過膜に付着した濁質の剥離が促進される。   Further, for example, at the time of backwashing, the backwash pump 5 and the air supply device 6 are driven with the on-off valves 12, 14, 16 opened and the on-off valves 8, 10 closed. Thereby, filtered water is supplied to the secondary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the backwash pump 5 and discharged from the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 to the outside. At this time, the flow in the membrane filtration module 1 is reversed from that during the filtration treatment, and the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane is peeled off. In addition, air is mixed into the primary water in the membrane filtration module 1 by the air supply device 6, and the vibrations promote the separation of turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane.

また、例えばフラッシング処理時には、開閉弁8,16を開き状態とし、開閉弁10,12,14を閉じ状態として、ろ過ポンプ2を駆動させるようになっている。これにより、ろ過ポンプ2によって膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に原水が供給され、上記逆洗処理によってろ過膜から剥離し膜ろ過モジュール1内に残留した濁質を含んだ水の大部分が外部へ排出される。   Further, for example, during the flushing process, the on-off valves 8 and 16 are opened and the on-off valves 10, 12 and 14 are closed to drive the filtration pump 2. As a result, the raw water is supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1 by the filtration pump 2, and most of the water containing turbidity that has been separated from the filtration membrane and remained in the membrane filtration module 1 by the backwashing process to the outside. Discharged.

そして、制御装置17は、ろ過処理時に濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度A,Cを入力し、これに基づき膜ろ過モジュール1のろ過膜が破断しているかどうか判定する機能を有している。詳しく説明すると、空気供給装置6でろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給しないときに濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Aを内部メモリ等の記憶手段に記憶し、空気供給装置6でろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給したときに濁度計3で計測したろ過水の濁度Cが内部メモリに記憶したろ過水の濁度Aより大きいかどうかを判断し、大きい場合はろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定するようになっている。   And the control apparatus 17 has a function which inputs whether the turbidity A and C of the filtrate water measured with the turbidimeter 3 at the time of a filtration process, and the membrane of the membrane filtration module 1 is fractured based on this is doing. More specifically, when the air supply device 6 does not supply air to the primary side of the filtration membrane, the turbidity A of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 is stored in a storage means such as an internal memory, and the air supply device 6 It is judged whether the turbidity C of the filtrate measured by the turbidimeter 3 when the air is supplied to the primary side of the filtration membrane is larger than the turbidity A of the filtrate stored in the internal memory. It is determined that a break has occurred.

以上のように構成された本実施形態においては、ろ過処理時に間欠的に、空気供給装置6でろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給し、ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させるので、一時的に原水の濁度を増加させてろ過膜でろ過することができる。これにより、例えば原水の濁度が低い場合やろ過膜の破断比率が低い場合でも、ろ過膜が破断したときのろ過水の濁度の増加幅を大きくすることができ、そのろ過水の濁度を濁度計3で計測してろ過膜の破断を検知することができる。したがって、ろ過膜の破断検知の精度を向上させることができる。   In the present embodiment configured as described above, air is intermittently supplied to the primary side of the filtration membrane by the air supply device 6 during the filtration process, and the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane is peeled off. In addition, the turbidity of the raw water can be increased and filtered through a filtration membrane. Thereby, for example, even when the turbidity of raw water is low or the rupture ratio of the filtration membrane is low, the increase in the turbidity of the filtrate water when the filtration membrane breaks can be increased. Can be measured by the turbidimeter 3 to detect the breakage of the filtration membrane. Therefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the breakage of the filtration membrane.

なお、上記第3の実施形態においては、膜ろ過装置は前述の図1に示す構成と同じであるとして説明したが、例えば膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側に供給した空気を排出するために、膜ろ過モジュール1の一次側と原水タンクとを接続した経路を設けて循環させるような構成(いわゆるクロスフロー方式)としてもよい。このような場合も、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the third embodiment, the membrane filtration device has been described as having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. 1 described above. For example, in order to discharge the air supplied to the primary side of the membrane filtration module 1, a membrane filtration device is used. It is good also as a structure (what is called a cross flow system) which provides and circulates the path | route which connected the primary side of the filtration module 1 and a raw | natural water tank. In such a case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

なお、以上においては、ろ過水の濁度を計測する水質計測手段として、ろ過水の濁度を計測する濁度計3を例にとって説明したが、これに限られない。すなわち、膜ろ過モジュールのろ過膜の種類によっても異なるが、例えばろ過水の有機物濃度を計測する紫外線吸光度計等を用いてもよい。このような変形例においても、上記同様の効果を得ることができる。   In the above description, the turbidimeter 3 that measures the turbidity of the filtered water has been described as an example of the water quality measuring unit that measures the turbidity of the filtered water, but is not limited thereto. That is, although it changes with kinds of the membrane of a membrane filtration module, you may use the ultraviolet-ray-absorbance meter etc. which measure the organic substance density | concentration of filtrate water, for example. Even in such a modification, the same effect as described above can be obtained.

本発明のろ過膜の破断検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の第1の実施形態の構成を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing the structure of 1st Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus with which the fracture | rupture detection method of the filtration membrane of this invention was applied. 本発明のろ過膜の破断検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の第1の実施形態におけるろ過処理時、逆洗処理時、及びフラッシング処理時の制御設定を一例として表す図である。It is a figure showing as an example the control setting at the time of the filtration process in the 1st Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus to which the fracture | rupture detection method of the filtration membrane of this invention was applied, the time of a backwash process, and the flushing process. 破断したろ過膜を用いた実験におけるろ過膜のろ過流束とろ過水の濁度との関係を表す特性図である。It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the filtration flux of the filtration membrane and the turbidity of filtrate in the experiment using the fractured membrane. 本発明のろ過膜の破断検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の第2の実施形態の構成を表す概略図である。It is the schematic showing the structure of 2nd Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus with which the fracture | rupture detection method of the filtration membrane of this invention was applied. 本発明のろ過膜の破断検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の第2の実施形態におけるろ過処理時、逆洗処理時、及びフラッシング処理時の制御設定を一例として表す図である。It is a figure showing the control setting at the time of the filtration process in the 2nd Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus to which the fracture | rupture detection method of the filtration membrane of this invention was applied, the backwashing process, and the flushing process as an example. 本発明のろ過膜の破断検出方法が適用された膜ろ過装置の第3の実施形態におけるろ過処理時、逆洗処理時、及びフラッシング処理時の制御設定を一例として表す図である。It is a figure showing as an example the control setting at the time of the filtration process in the 3rd Embodiment of the membrane filtration apparatus with which the fracture | rupture detection method of the filtration membrane of this invention was applied, the time of backwashing, and the flushing process.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 膜ろ過モジュール(膜ろ過器)
1A〜1C 膜ろ過モジュール(膜ろ過器)
2 ろ過ポンプ
3 濁度計(水質計測手段)
6 空気供給装置(空気供給手段)
16 開閉弁
16A〜16C 開閉弁
17 制御装置
1 Membrane filtration module (membrane filter)
1A-1C Membrane filtration module (membrane filter)
2 Filtration pump 3 Turbidimeter (Water quality measuring means)
6 Air supply device (air supply means)
16 On-off valve 16A-16C On-off valve 17 Control device

Claims (7)

原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜を有する膜ろ過器と、前記ろ過膜でろ過したろ過水の濁度を計測する水質計測手段とを備えたろ過膜の破断検知方法において、
前記ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させる逆洗処理を行った後、逆洗処理によって前記ろ過膜から剥離し前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させるフラッシング処理を行うときに、前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、そのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、この計測したろ過水の濁度に基づき前記ろ過膜の破断を検知することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。
In a filtration membrane breakage detection method comprising a membrane filter having a filtration membrane for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water, and a water quality measuring means for measuring the turbidity of filtered water filtered by the filtration membrane,
After performing a backwash process to peel off the turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane, a flushing process is performed to flow out water containing the turbidity that has been separated from the filtration membrane and remained in the membrane filter by backwashing treatment. When performing, a part of the water containing turbidity remaining in the membrane filter is filtered by the filtration membrane, the turbidity of the filtered water is measured by the water quality measuring means, and the turbidity of the measured filtered water is measured. A filtration membrane breakage detection method, comprising: detecting a breakage of the filtration membrane based on a degree.
請求項1記載のろ過膜の破断検知方法において、原水に含まれる濁質を前記ろ過膜で分離除去するろ過処理を行うときのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測して記憶手段に記憶し、フラッシング処理時に前記水質計測手段で計測したろ過水の濁度が前記記憶手段に記憶したろ過処理時のろ過水の濁度より大きい場合、前記ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。   2. The filtration membrane breakage detection method according to claim 1, wherein the turbidity of filtered water when performing filtration treatment for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water by the filtration membrane is measured by the water quality measuring means and stored in the storage means. If the turbidity of the filtrate measured by the water quality measurement means during the flushing process is greater than the turbidity of the filtrate during the filtration process stored in the storage means, it is determined that the filtration membrane has been broken. A filter membrane breakage detection method that is characterized. 請求項1又は2記載のろ過膜の破断検知方法において、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜のろ過流束は、ろ過処理時における前記ろ過膜のろ過流束より小さくしたことを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。   The filtration membrane breakage detection method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the filtration flux of the filtration membrane at the time of flushing treatment is smaller than the filtration flux of the filtration membrane at the time of filtration treatment. Break detection method. 請求項3記載のろ過膜の破断検知方法において、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるように、フラッシング処理時に前記膜ろ過器へ給水するポンプの容量を調整することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。   4. The filtration membrane breakage detection method according to claim 3, wherein the capacity of a pump for supplying water to the membrane filter during the flushing process is adjusted so that a membrane differential pressure of the filtration membrane during the flushing process becomes a predetermined value. A filter membrane breakage detection method that is characterized. 請求項3記載のろ過膜の破断検知方法において、フラッシング処理時における前記ろ過膜の膜差圧が所定値となるように、逆洗処理によって前記ろ過膜から剥離し前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水を外部へ流出させる流路に設けた開閉弁の開口度を調整することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。   4. The method for detecting breakage of a filtration membrane according to claim 3, wherein the membrane pressure difference of the filtration membrane at the time of flushing treatment is separated from the filtration membrane by backwashing treatment and remains in the membrane filter so as to have a predetermined value. A filtration membrane breakage detection method comprising adjusting an opening degree of an on-off valve provided in a flow path for allowing water containing turbidity to flow out. 請求項1記載のろ過膜の破断検知方法において、前記膜ろ過器を複数備えており、フラッシング処理時に予め設定された前記膜ろ過器の順序で、それぞれ前記膜ろ過器内に残留した濁質を含む水の一部を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、それらろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、それら計測したろ過水の濁度に基づき前記複数の膜ろ過器における前記ろ過膜の破断を検知することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。   The filtration membrane breakage detection method according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the membrane filters, and the turbidity remaining in the membrane filters in the order of the membrane filters set in advance during the flushing process. Part of the water contained is filtered through the filtration membrane, the turbidity of the filtrate is measured by the water quality measuring means, and the filtration membrane breaks in the plurality of membrane filters based on the measured turbidity of the filtrate water A method for detecting the breakage of a filtration membrane, wherein 原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ過膜を有する膜ろ過器と、前記ろ過膜でろ過したろ過水の濁度を計測する水質計測手段とを備えたろ過膜の破断検知方法において、
ろ過処理時における前記ろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給しないときのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測して記憶手段に記憶し、
ろ過処理時に間欠的に空気供給手段で前記ろ過膜の一次側に空気を供給して前記ろ過膜に付着した濁質を剥離させ、前記ろ過膜から剥離した濁質を含む原水を前記ろ過膜でろ過し、そのろ過水の濁度を前記水質計測手段で計測し、この計測したろ過水の濁度が前記記憶手段に記憶したろ過水の濁度より大きい場合に前記ろ過膜に破断が生じたと判定することを特徴とするろ過膜の破断検知方法。
In a filtration membrane breakage detection method comprising a membrane filter having a filtration membrane for separating and removing turbidity contained in raw water, and a water quality measuring means for measuring the turbidity of filtered water filtered by the filtration membrane,
The turbidity of filtered water when air is not supplied to the primary side of the filtration membrane during filtration treatment is measured by the water quality measuring means and stored in the storage means,
Air is supplied intermittently to the primary side of the filtration membrane by the air supply means at the time of filtration treatment to remove turbidity adhering to the filtration membrane, and raw water containing turbidity separated from the filtration membrane is removed by the filtration membrane. Filtration, the turbidity of the filtered water is measured by the water quality measuring means, and when the measured turbidity of the filtered water is larger than the turbidity of the filtered water stored in the storage means, the filter membrane is broken. A method for detecting a breakage of a filtration membrane, characterized by determining.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009160493A (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-23 Metawater Co Ltd Method of detecting damage of membrane and membrane filtration apparatus
JP2009213402A (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Metawater Co Ltd Method for concentrating microorganism

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009160493A (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-23 Metawater Co Ltd Method of detecting damage of membrane and membrane filtration apparatus
JP2009213402A (en) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Metawater Co Ltd Method for concentrating microorganism

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