JP2007245096A - Method for manufacturing useful material from biomass - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing useful material from biomass Download PDF

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JP2007245096A
JP2007245096A JP2006075624A JP2006075624A JP2007245096A JP 2007245096 A JP2007245096 A JP 2007245096A JP 2006075624 A JP2006075624 A JP 2006075624A JP 2006075624 A JP2006075624 A JP 2006075624A JP 2007245096 A JP2007245096 A JP 2007245096A
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biomass
distillation
solvent
carbonization
water
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Koichi Ito
鉱一 伊藤
Yoko Umeda
陽子 梅田
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Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc
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Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
    • Y02T50/678—Aviation using fuels of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing a useful material from biomass capable of using the biomass ranging from high to low added value savely and obtaining an object conveniently and by saving energy at an energy-saving cost. <P>SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing the useful material from the biomass includes a distillation process that extracts extractables from wood quality-biomass by hot water distillation or steam distillation using a mixture of water and acid as a solvent and a fermentation process that ferments the solvent liquid (solvent and effluent) used in the distillation process to manufacture ethanol. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、バイオマスを有効利用する方法に関し、詳細には多糖類を構成ユニットとするバイオマスから有用物質を製造する方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for effectively utilizing biomass, and more particularly, to a method for producing a useful substance from biomass having a polysaccharide as a constituent unit.

地球温暖化対策の一環として、バイオマスを燃料に用いた発電技術が知られている。バイオマスには、都市ごみ、食品残渣、下水汚泥等の産業系バイオマス、家畜糞尿等の動物系バイオマス、栽培植物、伐採木や農作物残渣等の植物系バイオマスがある。植物系バイオマスは、粉砕物もしくは加工物（炭化物、液化物、ガス化物など）を燃料として発電する。   As part of global warming countermeasures, power generation technology using biomass as fuel is known. Biomass includes industrial biomass such as municipal waste, food residue, sewage sludge, animal biomass such as livestock manure, plant biomass such as cultivated plants, felled trees and agricultural crop residues. Plant-based biomass generates electricity using pulverized material or processed material (carbonized material, liquefied material, gasified material, etc.) as fuel.

しかし、固体バイオマスは嵩高く、収集・運搬エネルギーが多く必要なため、大量に調達しなければならない場合や、遠方にて発電を実施する場合には、不向きである。これを解消するために、バイオマスの液化やガス化（エタノール化、ＤＭＥ化、水素化）の技術があるが、現状ではいずれも大規模な装置を必要としたり（エタノール化では培養装置など）、高コスト（ＤＭＥ化、水素化など）である。   However, since solid biomass is bulky and requires a large amount of energy for collection and transportation, it is unsuitable when a large amount must be procured or when power generation is performed at a distance. In order to solve this, there are technologies for liquefaction and gasification of biomass (ethanolification, DME, hydrogenation), but currently all of them require large-scale equipment (such as culture equipment for ethanolization) High cost (DME, hydrogenation, etc.).

また、各種バイオマスは様々な成分を含んでおり、それらの中には付加価値の高い精油成分も含まれているが、現状のバイオマスの利用方法では、それらの付加価値の高い成分も燃料として消費されてしまっているか、あるいは燃料加工の際に消失（揮発、分解）して、全く利用されないでいる。除伐材や間伐材として森林から取り除かれている松、椿、桜、ヤシ等付加価値の高い成分を含むバイオマス資源は、活用率も低く、これらはチップ工場で合板に加工され、加工屑は堆肥として処分されているのが現状である。   In addition, various biomass contains various components, and some of them contain essential oil components with high added value. However, in the current method of using biomass, these components with high added value are consumed as fuel. Or have been lost (volatilized, decomposed) during fuel processing and not used at all. Biomass resources that contain high value-added components such as pine, firewood, cherry blossoms, and palms that have been removed from the forest as thinning and thinning materials are also low in utilization, and these are processed into plywood at the chip factory, It is currently disposed of as compost.

バイオマスを有効利用する方法として、従来より、圧搾、水蒸気、熱水、有機溶媒やラード等により精油を抽出する方法が実施され、最近は、特許文献１に抽出の際の加熱手段として、マイクロ波を用いた抽出方法も提案されているが、この方法はメリッサの花と茎を細かく粉砕したものを原料とした方法であり、大量のバイオマスの処理方法とは言えない。   As a method for effectively utilizing biomass, conventionally, a method of extracting essential oil by pressing, steam, hot water, organic solvent, lard, or the like has been carried out. Recently, Patent Document 1 discloses a microwave as a heating means at the time of extraction. However, this method is a method using as a raw material a finely pulverized Melissa flower and stem, and cannot be said to be a method for treating a large amount of biomass.

一方、上記したエタノールの製造方法としては、粉砕したバイオマスに水を加えてスラリー化した後、このスラリーを水の亜臨界状態乃至超臨界状態に保ってバイオマスに含まれている多糖類を分解、糖化し、しかる後に発酵を行う方法（特許文献２）、或いは、バイオマスを加水分解あるいは蒸煮して糖質原料とした後に、糖質原料を発酵させてエタノールを製造する方法（特許文献３）等が提案されている。特許文献３の方法では、発酵工程における酵母または発酵性細菌の固定用担体としてごみ焼却灰を原料の一つとして製造した多孔質体を用いるなど、省資源化を図る検討も行われている。   On the other hand, as a method for producing ethanol as described above, water is added to the pulverized biomass to form a slurry, and then the slurry contained in the biomass is decomposed by maintaining the slurry in a subcritical or supercritical state of water, A method of saccharification and subsequent fermentation (Patent Document 2), or a method of producing ethanol by fermenting a saccharide raw material after hydrolysis or steaming of biomass into a saccharide raw material (Patent Document 3), etc. Has been proposed. In the method of Patent Document 3, studies are being made to conserve resources, such as using a porous material produced from waste incineration ash as one of the raw materials as a carrier for fixing yeast or fermentable bacteria in the fermentation process.

このように、バイオマス資源を有効活用しつつ、それから有用物質を製造しかつそれを利用できるようにすることは、循環型社会で常に熱望されている技術である。
特開２００４−０８９７８６号公報 特開２００１−２６２１６２号公報 特開平１１−１６９１８８号公報 As described above, it is a technology that is always eagerly desired in a recycling-oriented society to effectively use biomass resources and to produce useful materials from them and make them usable.
JP 2004-089786 A JP 2001-262162 A JP-A-11-169188

本発明は、上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、バイオマスを付加価値の高いものから低いものまで無駄なく利用することができ、しかも簡便でかつ省エネ省コストで目的物を得ることができる、バイオマスから有用物質を製造する方法を提供することを課題とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to use biomass without waste from a high added value to a low value, and it is possible to obtain a target object simply and at an energy saving cost. An object is to provide a method for producing a useful substance from biomass.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明は次の手段をとるものである。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following means.

すなわち、本発明は以下のとおりである。
（１）バイオマスから有用物質を製造する方法であって、
水と酸の混合物を溶媒に用い、熱水蒸留又は水蒸気蒸留によりバイオマスから抽出物を抽出する蒸留工程と、
該蒸留工程で用いられた溶媒液を発酵させてエタノールを製造する発酵工程と、
を有することを特徴とする方法。
（２）さらに、蒸留工程における溶媒液分離後の残渣を炭化させる炭化工程を有する前記（１）に記載の方法。
（３）炭化工程で発生したガスを燃料等として使用する前記（１）又は（２）に記載の方法。
（４）蒸留工程又は炭化工程のいずれか、少なくとも一工程において、マイクロ波加熱を行う前記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載の方法。
（５）バイオマスは、糖質系バイオマス、デンプン系バイオマス又はセルロース系バイオマスから選ばれる少なくとも１種のバイオマスである前記（１）〜（４）のいずれかに記載の方法。 That is, the present invention is as follows.
(1) A method for producing a useful substance from biomass,
A distillation step of extracting an extract from biomass by hot water distillation or steam distillation using a mixture of water and acid as a solvent;
A fermentation process for producing ethanol by fermenting the solvent solution used in the distillation process;
A method characterized by comprising:
(2) The method according to (1), further comprising a carbonization step of carbonizing the residue after solvent liquid separation in the distillation step.
(3) The method according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the gas generated in the carbonization step is used as fuel or the like.
(4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein microwave heating is performed in at least one step of either the distillation step or the carbonization step.
(5) The method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the biomass is at least one kind of biomass selected from carbohydrate-based biomass, starch-based biomass, or cellulose-based biomass.

請求項１に係る本発明によれば、従来別々に実施されていた水蒸気蒸留又は熱水蒸留と加水分解工程とを一工程で実施できるので、簡便でかつ、省エネ省コストでエタノール発酵用の糖質原料を得てエタノールを製造することができると共に、有用な精油成分を得ることもできる。   According to the present invention according to claim 1, since the steam distillation or hot water distillation and the hydrolysis step, which have been conventionally carried out separately, can be carried out in one step, the sugar for ethanol fermentation is simple and energy-saving and cost-effective. A raw material can be obtained to produce ethanol, and a useful essential oil component can also be obtained.

請求項２、３に係る本発明によれば、蒸留後の残渣（非加水分解バイオマス）を炭化させることで、燃料として有用な炭化物を得ることができ、さらに、炭化工程で発生するガスは燃料やメタノール製造原料等として利用することができる。   According to the second and third aspects of the present invention, by carbonizing the residue (non-hydrolyzed biomass) after distillation, a carbide useful as a fuel can be obtained, and the gas generated in the carbonization step is fuel. It can be used as a raw material for methanol production.

請求項４に係る本発明によれば、加熱手段としてマイクロ波を利用することで、抽出物が分解、劣化することなく、精油を抽出することができる。   According to this invention which concerns on Claim 4, an essential oil can be extracted by utilizing a microwave as a heating means, without an extract decomposing | disassembling and deteriorating.

請求項５に係る本発明によれば、糖質系バイオマス、デンプン系バイオマス又はセルロース系バイオマスから選ばれる少なくとも１種のバイオマスを利用することにより、精油回収量が高くしかも発熱量の高い炭化物を得ることができる。   According to the present invention of claim 5, by using at least one kind of biomass selected from carbohydrate-based biomass, starch-based biomass, or cellulose-based biomass, a carbide having a high essential oil recovery amount and a high calorific value is obtained. be able to.

図１に本発明方法のバイオマスから有用物質を製造する方法のフローチャートを示した。即ち、蒸留工程２では、バイオマス１に溶媒として酸と水の混合物を用い、熱水蒸留又は水蒸気蒸留により精油３を回収する。次に、蒸留工程で得られた加水分解物４を、固体と液体に分離し、溶出した単糖類を含有する溶媒液５を、発酵工程６に導入し、エタノール７を製造する。一方、上記溶媒液分離後の固体のバイオマス残渣８を、炭化工程９に導入し、炭化物１０を製造すると同時に、揮発性ガス１１を捕集する。   FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for producing a useful substance from biomass according to the method of the present invention. That is, in the distillation step 2, the essential oil 3 is recovered by hot water distillation or steam distillation using a mixture of acid and water as a solvent for the biomass 1. Next, the hydrolyzate 4 obtained in the distillation step is separated into a solid and a liquid, and the solvent solution 5 containing the eluted monosaccharide is introduced into the fermentation step 6 to produce ethanol 7. On the other hand, the solid biomass residue 8 after the solvent liquid separation is introduced into the carbonization step 9 to produce the carbide 10 and simultaneously collect the volatile gas 11.

本発明の方法は、蒸留工程に酸性水を利用することに最大の特徴がある。殆んどのバイオマスには、（化１）に示すセルロース（Ｄ−グルコースを構成ユニットとする多糖類）、ヘミセルロース（Ｄ−キシロース、Ｄ−アラビノース、Ｄ−マンノース、Ｄ−ガラクトース、Ｄ−グルコースを構成ユニットとする多糖類）、リグニンが存在し、また、栽培系のバイオマスには（化２）に示すデンプン（Ｄ−グルコースと一部マルトースを構成ユニットとする多糖類）も多く含まれている。これらを原料としてエタノールを製造する場合は、通常、多糖類を単糖類に分解する加水分解工程が必要になるが、本発明の方法によれば、蒸留工程において多糖類の加水分解が可能となるため、蒸留工程と加水分解工程を一工程で同時に実施することができる。   The method of the present invention has the greatest feature in using acidic water for the distillation step. Most biomass is composed of cellulose (polysaccharide having D-glucose as a constituent unit) and hemicellulose (D-xylose, D-arabinose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-glucose) shown in (Chemical Formula 1). (Polysaccharides as units) and lignin exist, and the biomass of the cultivation system contains a large amount of starch (polysaccharides having D-glucose and some maltose as constituent units) as shown in (Chemical Formula 2). When ethanol is produced using these as raw materials, a hydrolysis step is usually required to decompose polysaccharides into monosaccharides. However, according to the method of the present invention, polysaccharides can be hydrolyzed in the distillation step. Therefore, the distillation step and the hydrolysis step can be performed simultaneously in one step.


本発明で用いるバイオマスとしては、多糖類を含有するバイオマスであれば特に制限はないが、例えば、サトウキビ、テンサイ、スイートソルガム等の糖質系バイオマス、トウモロコシ、キャッサバ、サツマイモ、ジャガイモ、小麦、大麦等のデンプン系バイオマス、ネピアグラス、ポプラ、プラタナス、笹、竹等のセルロース系バイオマスなどの栽培系バイオマス；モミ殻、稲藁、麦藁、バガス、アブラヤシ（パーム油の原料）のヤシ殻等の農産系バイオマス、野菜くず、食品工場や外食産業から出る食品加工残渣等の食物系バイオマスなどの廃棄物系バイオマス；或いはこれらの混合バイオマスなどを挙げることができる。   The biomass used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains polysaccharides. For example, sugar-based biomass such as sugar cane, sugar beet, sweet sorghum, corn, cassava, sweet potato, potato, wheat, barley, etc. Cultivated biomass such as starch biomass, napiergrass, poplar, plane tree, straw, bamboo and other cellulosic biomass; agricultural products such as fir husk, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, oil palm (raw palm oil) Biomass, vegetable waste, waste biomass such as food biomass such as food processing residues from food factories and the restaurant industry; or a mixed biomass of these.

これらのバイオマスの中でも、精油含有量が多いという観点では、栽培系バイオマスや食物系バイオマスが好ましく、一般的には広葉樹より針葉樹が好ましい。成分の安定性では栽培系バイオマスが好ましい。また、栽培系バイオマスは、実、葉、枝、幹などを用いることができ、この中でも、蒸留工程での単糖類の生成量が多いという点では実や葉が好ましい。   Among these biomasses, cultivated biomass and food-based biomass are preferable from the viewpoint of high essential oil content, and conifers are generally preferable to hardwoods. Cultivated biomass is preferred in terms of component stability. In addition, fruits, leaves, branches, trunks, and the like can be used as the cultivation biomass, and among these, fruits and leaves are preferable in that the amount of monosaccharides produced in the distillation process is large.

（蒸留工程）
蒸留工程では、バイオマスから酸と水の混合溶媒を用いて、精油を抽出する。酸は、硫酸、塩酸、酢酸等を用いることができる。バイオマスは採取時のものを、必要に応じて粉砕して用いればよく、粉砕装置は二軸カッター、ミルカッター等を単独で、或いは、組み合わせて使用すればよい。 (Distillation process)
In the distillation step, essential oil is extracted from biomass using a mixed solvent of acid and water. As the acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and the like can be used. What is necessary is just to grind | pulverize and use the biomass at the time of extraction as needed, and the crushing apparatus should just use a biaxial cutter, a mill cutter, etc. individually or in combination.

抽出溶媒中の酸濃度は、加水分解効率や精油の安定性等を考慮すると、約０．５〜２５質量％が好ましく、より好ましくは約１〜１０質量％である。酸濃度が低すぎると加水分解が不充分となり、酸濃度が高すぎると精油成分等が変性、分解する恐れがある。抽出溶媒のバイオマスに対する割合は特に限定されないが、バイオマス（常温・含水状態）：溶媒＝１：０．１〜１：５（質量／質量）とするのが好ましい。前記割合より抽出溶媒が少ない場合は精油の抽出効率が低下し、一方、多い場合は加熱に要するエネルギーが大きくなるため好ましくない。   The acid concentration in the extraction solvent is preferably about 0.5 to 25% by mass, more preferably about 1 to 10% by mass in consideration of hydrolysis efficiency and essential oil stability. If the acid concentration is too low, hydrolysis may be insufficient, and if the acid concentration is too high, the essential oil components may be denatured and decomposed. Although the ratio of the extraction solvent to the biomass is not particularly limited, it is preferably set to biomass (normal temperature / water-containing state): solvent = 1: 0.1 to 1: 5 (mass / mass). When the amount of the extraction solvent is less than the above ratio, the extraction efficiency of the essential oil is lowered.

精油抽出時の温度は、１００℃〜２００℃が好ましく、より好ましくは１００℃〜１２０℃である。温度をこの範囲に保持することにより、抽出される精油成分の分解を防止し、抽出効率を高めることができる。抽出時間は限定されないが、通常、約３０秒〜１時間、好ましくは約１分〜３０分である。   The temperature during extraction of the essential oil is preferably 100 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably 100 ° C to 120 ° C. By keeping the temperature within this range, it is possible to prevent the essential oil component extracted from being decomposed and increase the extraction efficiency. The extraction time is not limited, but is usually about 30 seconds to 1 hour, preferably about 1 minute to 30 minutes.

精油抽出時の加熱手段は、特に限定されるものではなく、温浴、電熱、マイクロ波加熱等を用いることができる。   The heating means at the time of essential oil extraction is not particularly limited, and a warm bath, electric heating, microwave heating or the like can be used.

（炭化工程）
精油抽出工程終了後のバイオマスから溶媒液を分離した残渣を、炭化工程に導入し、バイオマスを炭化処理する。残渣には、セルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニン等が含有されている。残渣の炭化は、従来公知の方法に従い実施すればよい。 (Carbonization process)
The residue obtained by separating the solvent liquid from the biomass after the essential oil extraction step is introduced into the carbonization step, and the biomass is carbonized. The residue contains cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and the like. Carbonization of the residue may be performed according to a conventionally known method.

ガス化反応を進行させると共に、燃料比の高い炭化物を得て、バイオマスの熱変換効率を高めることができる点より、３００℃〜１３００℃に保持されていることが好ましく、より好ましくは７００℃〜１３００℃である。温度が７００℃未満では炭化が不十分となり、１３００℃を超えると加熱所要エネルギーが多くなりすぎる。加熱時間は、約１０分〜１０時間、好ましくは約１〜４時間である。   From the point which can advance the gasification reaction and obtain the carbide | carbonized_material with a high fuel ratio, and can improve the heat conversion efficiency of biomass, it is preferable that it is hold | maintained at 300 to 1300 degreeC, More preferably, it is 700 to 1300 ° C. If the temperature is less than 700 ° C., carbonization is insufficient, and if it exceeds 1300 ° C., the energy required for heating increases too much. The heating time is about 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably about 1 to 4 hours.

加熱処理時には、炭化と同時に、ＣＨ４、ＣＯ、Ｈ２等の揮発性ガスや、木酢液、木タールが生成するので、これらの揮発性ガスを捕集することにより、燃料や原料ガスとして利用することができる。 At the time of heat treatment, volatile gases such as CH 4 , CO, H 2 , wood vinegar, and wood tar are generated simultaneously with carbonization. By collecting these volatile gases, they can be used as fuel and raw material gas. can do.

（発酵工程）
一方、バイオマス抽出に用いた酸添加溶媒は、ヘミセルロースや多糖類の加水分解により生成した６単糖、５単糖などの単糖類等を多量に含有する。例えばセルロース系木質バイオマスの場合（水：ウエットバイオマス＝１：１のとき）、セルロースやヘミセルロースの加水分解物（単糖）等の溶出分濃度は約２５質量％であるのに対し、酸無添加溶媒を用いたときの溶出分濃度は約５質量％である。 (Fermentation process)
On the other hand, the acid-added solvent used for biomass extraction contains a large amount of monosaccharides such as 6 monosaccharides and 5 monosaccharides produced by hydrolysis of hemicellulose and polysaccharides. For example, in the case of cellulosic woody biomass (when water: wet biomass = 1: 1), the elution concentration of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolyzate (monosaccharide) is about 25% by mass, whereas no acid is added. The concentration of the eluted fraction when using a solvent is about 5% by mass.

溶出する単糖類等の量は、供給するバイオマスの種類や部位によって異なるが、一般には、幹・枝、葉、実の順に多くなる。通常、溶出分の濃度として５〜５０質量％のものが得られるが、これらの溶出分を含有する溶媒液をそのまま発酵工程に供給し、必要に応じて濃度調整すればよい。前記の溶媒液には、バイオマスの内蔵水や付着水も含まれている。溶媒液をエタノール発酵槽に導入した後、酵母や菌を添加し発酵させてエタノールを製造する。   The amount of monosaccharide to be eluted varies depending on the type and part of biomass to be supplied, but generally increases in the order of trunk / branch, leaf, fruit. Usually, an eluate concentration of 5 to 50% by mass is obtained, but a solvent solution containing these elution components may be supplied as it is to the fermentation process, and the concentration may be adjusted as necessary. The solvent solution includes biomass built-in water and attached water. After introducing the solvent solution into the ethanol fermentor, yeast and fungi are added and fermented to produce ethanol.

エタノール発酵槽に添加できる菌としては、Saccharomyces cerevisiaeやSaccharomyces kluyveriなどのサッカロマイセス属に属する酵母等や、Zymomonas mobilis などのザイモモナス属に属するアルコール発酵菌等や、Mucor javanicusなどのアミロ菌等、アルコール発酵産業において通常使用される酵母が挙げられる。発酵時間は特に限定されないが、約１０〜１００時間、好ましくは約２０〜６０時間である。   Bacteria that can be added to the ethanol fermenter include yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces kluyveri, alcohol fermenting bacteria belonging to the genus Zymomonas such as Zymomonas mobilis, and amylo such as Mucor javanicus. And yeasts commonly used in The fermentation time is not particularly limited, but is about 10 to 100 hours, preferably about 20 to 60 hours.

以上のように、本発明の方法によれば、バイオマスから精油、炭化物、エタノール等の有用物質を、簡易な方法で、省エネ、省コストで製造することができる。   As described above, according to the method of the present invention, useful substances such as essential oils, carbides, and ethanol can be produced from biomass by a simple method with energy saving and cost saving.

本発明の方法によりバイオマスから抽出した様々な精油は、製薬、化粧品、食品、芳香剤、染色剤などの様々な産業分野で利用することが可能となる。また、抽出後のバイオマス炭化物は、燃料比の高い燃料として利用することができる。また、抽出溶媒から製造したエタノールは、燃料等として利用することができる。また、炭化工程で生成した木酢液は、土壌改良剤、植物活性化剤、防菌剤、防黴剤、動物・害虫の忌避・殺虫剤等として利用することができ、高沸点のタールは、医薬品、レンズ研磨材、航空機タイヤ配合材、フェノール樹脂接着剤等として利用することができる。   Various essential oils extracted from biomass by the method of the present invention can be used in various industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, fragrances, and dyes. Moreover, the biomass carbide after extraction can be used as a fuel having a high fuel ratio. In addition, ethanol produced from the extraction solvent can be used as a fuel or the like. In addition, the wood vinegar produced in the carbonization process can be used as a soil conditioner, plant activator, antibacterial agent, antifungal agent, animal / pest repellent / insecticide, etc. It can be used as pharmaceuticals, lens abrasives, aircraft tire compounding materials, phenolic resin adhesives, and the like.

本発明方法のフローチャート図である。It is a flowchart figure of this invention method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 木質バイオマス
２ 蒸留工程
３ 精油
４ 加水分解物
５ 溶媒液
６ 発酵工程
７ エタノール
８ 蒸留残渣
９ 炭化工程
１０ 炭化物
１１ 揮発性ガス DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Woody biomass 2 Distillation process 3 Essential oil 4 Hydrolyzate 5 Solvent liquid 6 Fermentation process 7 Ethanol 8 Distillation residue 9 Carbonization process 10 Carbide 11 Volatile gas

Claims (5)

バイオマスから有用物質を製造する方法であって、
水と酸の混合物を溶媒に用い、熱水蒸留又は水蒸気蒸留によりバイオマスから抽出物を抽出する蒸留工程と、
該蒸留工程で用いられた溶媒液を発酵させてエタノールを製造する発酵工程と、
を有することを特徴とする方法。 A method for producing useful substances from biomass,
A distillation step of extracting an extract from biomass by hot water distillation or steam distillation using a mixture of water and acid as a solvent;
A fermentation process for producing ethanol by fermenting the solvent solution used in the distillation process;
A method characterized by comprising: さらに、蒸留工程における溶媒液分離後の残渣を炭化させる炭化工程を有する請求項１に記載の方法。   Furthermore, the method of Claim 1 which has a carbonization process which carbonizes the residue after solvent liquid separation in a distillation process. 炭化工程で発生したガスを燃料等として使用する請求項１又は２に記載の方法。   The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gas generated in the carbonization step is used as fuel or the like. 蒸留工程又は炭化工程のいずれか、少なくとも一工程において、マイクロ波加熱を行う請求項１〜３のいずれかに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein microwave heating is performed in at least one of the distillation step and the carbonization step. バイオマスは、糖質系バイオマス、デンプン系バイオマス又はセルロース系バイオマスから選ばれる少なくとも１種のバイオマスである請求項１〜４のいずれかに記載の方法。   The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the biomass is at least one kind of biomass selected from carbohydrate-based biomass, starch-based biomass, and cellulose-based biomass.
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JP2009213449A (en) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-24 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Method for producing monosaccharide and ethanol by using oil-based plant biomass residue as raw material
WO2009153861A1 (en) * 2008-06-17 2009-12-23 株式会社ジュオン Process for producing cellulose base amorphous carbon
JP2010046024A (en) * 2008-08-22 2010-03-04 Toyama Univ Method for producing ethanol by mucor
KR101084363B1 (en) * 2009-04-29 2011-11-16 주식회사 토탈에너지원 Method of Environment-friendly bio-charcoal using biomass byproduct
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JP5696310B1 (en) * 2014-07-15 2015-04-08 国立大学法人東北大学 Sludge nutrient recovery method, algae culture method, and algae culture system
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