JP2007232094A - Vibration damping apparatus - Google Patents

Vibration damping apparatus Download PDF

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JP2007232094A
JP2007232094A JP2006054768A JP2006054768A JP2007232094A JP 2007232094 A JP2007232094 A JP 2007232094A JP 2006054768 A JP2006054768 A JP 2006054768A JP 2006054768 A JP2006054768 A JP 2006054768A JP 2007232094 A JP2007232094 A JP 2007232094A
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bag
vibration
fluid
liquid
mass
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JP4806272B2 (en
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Tomomichi Nakamura
友道 中村
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Osaka Sangyo University
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce omnibearing vibration without controlling a natural frequency in a simple structure different from the conventional one. <P>SOLUTION: With the movement of a structure 1, a fluid 12 enclosed in a bag 11 is moved to restrain the vibration by energy consumption in the movement of the fluid. The fluid 12 enclosed in the bag 11 moves following up the vibrating direction to vibration in any direction of the structure 1 to thereby restrain the vibration in any direction. At this time, the ratio of mass M of the structure 1 to the mass m of the fluid 12 (μ=m/M) is set to 0.15 or more. Generally as the damping effect (restraining effect), 5% or more is mostly needed, and at the above ratio, 5% or more can be achieved. Moderate flexibility is given to the bag, and the bag is made of shape retainable material not to completely lose its shape even if the bag is not loaded with fluid to the full. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、建築物等の構造物の振動を吸収する振動減衰器に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a vibration attenuator that absorbs vibration of a structure such as a building.

減衰力を発生させる物理作用の代表的なものとしては、粘性抵抗を利用するもの、摩擦抵抗を利用するもの、履歴(ヒステリシス)特性を利用するもの等が知られている。
その減衰作用に基づき、風などによる構造物の振れに対してその抵抗体により振動エネルギーを吸収して構造物の振動を抑制するものとして動吸振器がある。
As a representative physical action for generating a damping force, one using viscous resistance, one using frictional resistance, one using hysteresis (hysteresis) characteristics, and the like are known.
Based on the damping action, there is a dynamic vibration absorber that suppresses vibration of the structure by absorbing vibration energy by the resistor against the vibration of the structure due to wind or the like.

この従来の動吸振器として、構造物に抵抗体を移動自在に設け、その抵抗体の両端をばねで前記移動方向に移動自在に支持し、その構造物の移動に伴うばねを介した抵抗体の移動によりエネルギーを消費する原理で、その構造物の移動(振動)を抑制(低減)するものがある(特許文献1参照)。
特開平8−219231号公報
As this conventional dynamic vibration absorber, a resistor is provided on a structure so as to be movable, and both ends of the resistor are supported by a spring so as to be movable in the moving direction, and the resistor is interposed via a spring accompanying the movement of the structure. There is one that suppresses (reduces) the movement (vibration) of the structure based on the principle of consuming energy by the movement of (see Patent Document 1).
JP-A-8-219231

上記従来の動吸振器は、振動を低減させようとする構造物の固有振動数と同じ固有振動数を持つ付加構造で成り立っており、その振動数の調整が不可欠であり、その調整が煩雑である。
また、抵抗体の移動は、一方向であるため、全方位の振動にたいして低減効果を得ようとすれば、最低、2方向(XY方向)に移動する抵抗体の設置が必要であり、その振動を低減する抵抗体の数が多くなれば(2つ以上になれば)、コストアップに繋がる。
The above-mentioned conventional dynamic vibration absorber is composed of an additional structure having the same natural frequency as the natural frequency of the structure whose vibration is to be reduced. Adjustment of the frequency is indispensable, and the adjustment is complicated. is there.
In addition, since the movement of the resistor is unidirectional, it is necessary to install a resistor that moves in at least two directions (XY directions) if the reduction effect is to be obtained for vibration in all directions. If the number of resistors for reducing the resistance increases (if it becomes two or more), the cost increases.

この発明は、上記実情に鑑み、簡単な構造でもって、固有振動数の調節を実施することなく、全方位の振動低減を図ることを課題とする。   In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to reduce vibrations in all directions with a simple structure and without adjusting the natural frequency.

上記の課題を解決するために、この発明は、構造物の移動に伴って袋に封入した流体を移動させ、その流体移動時のエネルギー消費により、その振動を抑制することとしたのである。
袋に封入した流体は、構造物の何れの方向への振動に対してもその振動方向に追従して移動し、その移動時のエネルギー消費によりその振動を抑制する。その振動抑制は、流体そのものの移動によるエネルギー消費に加えて流体の粘性抵抗に基づくエネルギー消費によってなされるものと考える。
このとき、袋も柔軟性があるため、その流体の移動に伴って変形し、その流体の動きを大きくする。このことは、流体が大きく動くことであり、そのときのエネルギー消費により振動の抑制力も向上する。また、流体移動時の流体と袋の間の摩擦抵抗も振動抑制に寄与する。
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention moves the fluid sealed in the bag as the structure moves, and suppresses the vibration due to energy consumption during the movement of the fluid.
The fluid sealed in the bag moves following the direction of vibration in any direction of the structure, and suppresses the vibration by energy consumption during the movement. The vibration suppression is considered to be performed by energy consumption based on the viscous resistance of the fluid in addition to energy consumption by movement of the fluid itself.
At this time, since the bag is also flexible, the bag is deformed with the movement of the fluid, and the movement of the fluid is increased. This means that the fluid moves greatly, and the vibration suppression force is also improved by the energy consumption at that time. Moreover, the frictional resistance between the fluid and the bag during fluid movement also contributes to vibration suppression.

この発明は、以上のように、袋に封入した流体により、構造物の振動を抑制するようにしたので、簡単な構造でもって、構造物の全方位の振動に対して円滑な抑制効果を発揮する。   As described above, the present invention suppresses the vibration of the structure by the fluid sealed in the bag, so that it has a simple structure and exhibits a smooth suppression effect against vibrations in all directions of the structure. To do.

この発明の実施形態としては、構造物に付設され、柔軟性を有する袋内に流体を封入したものであって、前記構造物の振動に伴い前記流体が移動するとともに前記袋も変形し、その流体の移動によるエネルギー消費により構造物の振動を吸収する構成を採用する。   As an embodiment of the present invention, a fluid is enclosed in a flexible bag attached to a structure, and the bag moves as the fluid moves with the vibration of the structure. A structure that absorbs vibration of the structure by energy consumption due to fluid movement is adopted.

この振動減衰器による吸振原理は未だ解析的には解明されていないが、この振動減衰器を取り付けた構造物が振動すると、袋の中に封入した流体が質量移動をする時に、流体の外側を柔軟な袋で覆われているため、袋自体が変形すると共に内部の流体の運動に影響を与える事によって減衰効果を生み出している事は確かめられている。   The principle of vibration absorption by this vibration attenuator has not yet been elucidated analytically. Since it is covered with a flexible bag, it has been confirmed that the bag itself deforms and produces a damping effect by affecting the movement of the fluid inside.

従って、袋内部に封入した流体の質量m(袋自体の質量を含む)と、制振したい構造物の質量Mとの比μ=m/Mが小さすぎると減衰効果は小さくなるので、装置設計上では袋の材質や流体の粘性等も考慮して評価する(適宜に設定する)必要がある。
例えば、上記構造物の質量Mと袋自体の質量を含む流体の質量mの比(μ=m/M)を0.15以上とすることができる。通常、減衰効果(抑制効果)として、5%以上が要求されることが多いので、一例として要求減衰比を5%であると仮定すれば、その比μ=m/Mが0.15以上であると、その5%以上を達成できるからである。但し、流体及び袋の粘性等によって、抑制効果は変動するため、その流体及び袋、特に流体の材質等を適宜に選択して所望の減衰効果が得られるようにする。なお、流体の質量に対し袋の質量が無視できるほど小さい場合には、mは流体のみの質量とし得る。
Therefore, if the ratio μ = m / M between the mass m of the fluid enclosed in the bag (including the mass of the bag itself) and the mass M of the structure to be damped is too small, the damping effect will be small. In the above, it is necessary to evaluate (set appropriately) considering the material of the bag and the viscosity of the fluid.
For example, the ratio (μ = m / M) of the mass M of the fluid including the mass M of the structure and the mass of the bag itself can be 0.15 or more. Usually, the attenuation effect (suppression effect) is often required to be 5% or more. For example, assuming that the required attenuation ratio is 5%, the ratio μ = m / M is 0.15 or more. If there is, it is possible to achieve more than 5%. However, since the suppression effect varies depending on the viscosity of the fluid and the bag, the fluid and the bag, particularly the material of the fluid, etc. are appropriately selected so that the desired damping effect can be obtained. If the mass of the bag is negligibly small relative to the mass of the fluid, m can be the mass of the fluid alone.

また、袋には、適度の柔軟性を持つが、流体を満杯にしなくても完全に形状が崩れてしまわない程度に形状保持可能な材料でできたものとする。
さらに、その袋の中に入れる流体の分量は、実験等により適宜に決定すればよいが、下記の実験では、減衰効果は本来の袋の容量の半分(50%)程度が最も大きな効果を得た。流体には、処理の容易な液体が好ましいが、粘性等の点から適宜なものを採用できる。
Further, the bag is made of a material having moderate flexibility, but capable of holding the shape to such an extent that the shape does not collapse completely without filling the fluid.
Furthermore, the amount of fluid to be put into the bag may be determined as appropriate by experiments, etc., but in the following experiment, the damping effect is the largest when the volume of the original bag is about half (50%). It was. The fluid is preferably a liquid that can be easily treated, but any suitable fluid can be used from the viewpoint of viscosity and the like.

図1に示す実験装置を使って、減衰を計測した結果、図3〜図7に示すように大幅な(工学的にはほぼ完璧な)大きな減衰が得られる事が確認できた。
その図3は、下記ボール(袋)11内に空気を入れずに液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図、図4は、同ボール(袋)11内に空気を入れて液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図、図5は、同ボール(袋)11に代えてゴム風船として液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図、図6は、同ボール(袋)11内に空気を入れず、液量:50%の場合の構造物1の質量Mと流体12の質量mの比μ(=m/M)と減衰比の関係図、図7は、同ボール(袋)11内に空気を入れず、液量:50%の場合のばねのばね定数を変化させた場合の振動数と減衰比の関係図である。
As a result of measuring the attenuation using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG. 1, it was confirmed that a large attenuation (almost perfect in engineering) was obtained as shown in FIGS.
FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the amount of liquid and the damping ratio when the amount of liquid is changed without introducing air into the ball (bag) 11 shown below, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the liquid amount and the attenuation ratio when the liquid amount is changed by putting in, and FIG. 5 shows the liquid amount and the attenuation ratio when the liquid amount is changed as a rubber balloon instead of the ball (bag) 11. FIG. 6 shows a ratio μ (= m / M) of the mass M of the structure 1 and the mass m of the fluid 12 when air is not put into the ball (bag) 11 and the liquid amount is 50%. FIG. 7 is a relationship diagram between the vibration frequency and the damping ratio when the spring constant of the spring is changed when air is not put into the ball (bag) 11 and the liquid amount is 50%. It is.

その実験装置は、同図に示すように、平板状の構造物1をその一方(図の左右方向)のみに移動自在でその他の方向には動き得ないように支持固定するとともに、その構造物1の移動方向の一端(図の左端)をばね2により支持し、その構造物1の上に、振動減衰器(ダンパー)10を載せ、その構造物1の他端を手で矢印方向に引っ張って離し、振動を付与してその振動の減衰度合等を測定したものである。
構造物1の振動は、その上に載置した加速度計3からの出力に基づき計測し、それから、構造物1の振動数及び減衰比を求めた。また、μ=m/Mは、構造物1に適宜な錘を載置しMを調整して変化させた。
The experimental apparatus, as shown in the figure, supports and fixes the flat structure 1 so that it can move only in one direction (left and right in the figure) and cannot move in the other direction. One end (left end in the figure) of the moving direction 1 is supported by a spring 2, a vibration attenuator (damper) 10 is placed on the structure 1, and the other end of the structure 1 is pulled in the direction of the arrow by hand. The vibration is applied and the degree of attenuation of the vibration is measured.
The vibration of the structure 1 was measured based on the output from the accelerometer 3 placed thereon, and then the frequency and damping ratio of the structure 1 were obtained. Further, μ = m / M was changed by placing an appropriate weight on the structure 1 and adjusting M.

この振動減衰器10は、図2に示すように、バレーボール、サッカーボール等のボールの空気袋とされているゴム製の密封容器(袋)11に液体(水)12を封入したものである。その液体の封入量は、ボール(袋)11に液体を満たした時の質量を100%として、12.5%刻みで、液量を9ケース変化させた。また、袋11に空気を充満させた場合の試験もした。
さらに、ばね2には、ばね定数k=0.34N/mm(長さ:60mm)、0.432N/mm(長さ:65mm)、5.656N/mm(長さ:65)の3種類のコイル状のものを用い、手による構造物1の初期変位は、10mm、15mm、20mmの3通りを行った。
また、そのボール製振動減衰器10に代えて、袋11がゴム風船からなる振動減衰器10においても同様な実験をした。
As shown in FIG. 2, the vibration attenuator 10 is obtained by enclosing a liquid (water) 12 in a rubber sealed container (bag) 11 which is an air bag for a ball such as a volleyball or a soccer ball. The amount of liquid filled was changed by 9 cases in increments of 12.5%, with the mass when the ball (bag) 11 was filled with liquid being 100%. A test was also conducted when the bag 11 was filled with air.
Furthermore, the spring 2 has three types of spring constants k = 0.34 N / mm (length: 60 mm), 0.432 N / mm (length: 65 mm), and 5.656 N / mm (length: 65). A coil-shaped one was used, and the initial displacement of the structure 1 by hand was performed in three ways: 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm.
In addition, a similar experiment was performed using a vibration attenuator 10 in which the bag 11 is a rubber balloon instead of the ball vibration attenuator 10.

この実験装置による実験例によれば、空気の入っていないゴム製ボール11の場合は、図3に示すように、ボール11内の液量が増すごとに減衰比が増加していき、液量50%をピークに減少した。空気の入ったゴム製ボール11の液量の変化(図4)は図3の変化に近いが、減衰比は大きく異なった。ゴム風船を用いた場合の図5はゴム製ボールと異なり液量に比例して減衰比も増大した。
構造物1と振動減衰器10の質量比μを変化させた図6では構造物1の質量に比例するように減衰効果が減少した。
ばね定数kを変化させた図7では低振動数領域から高振動数領域の減衰比に違いが見られ、低振動数領域の方が減衰効果は高かった。なお、初期変位はばね2の引っ張り量であり、ばね定数が異なるばね2であると、同一の初期変位では異なる引っ張り力で引っ張ったこととなる。このため、その図7において、ばね定数の変化は横軸の振動数の変化に対応し、そのばね定数は、上記3種類のばね2を適宜に組み合わせることにより、図示の各値のものを得た。
According to an experimental example using this experimental apparatus, in the case of a rubber ball 11 that does not contain air, as shown in FIG. 3, the damping ratio increases as the liquid amount in the ball 11 increases. The peak decreased to 50%. The change in the liquid amount of the rubber ball 11 containing air (FIG. 4) is close to the change in FIG. 3, but the damping ratio is greatly different. In the case of using a rubber balloon in FIG. 5, unlike the rubber ball, the damping ratio increased in proportion to the liquid amount.
In FIG. 6 in which the mass ratio μ between the structure 1 and the vibration attenuator 10 is changed, the damping effect is reduced in proportion to the mass of the structure 1.
In FIG. 7 in which the spring constant k was changed, a difference was found in the damping ratio from the low frequency region to the high frequency region, and the damping effect was higher in the low frequency region. The initial displacement is the amount of tension of the spring 2, and if the spring 2 has a different spring constant, the same initial displacement means that the tension is pulled with a different tensile force. For this reason, in FIG. 7, the change in the spring constant corresponds to the change in the frequency on the horizontal axis, and the spring constant is obtained by appropriately combining the above-described three types of springs 2 to obtain the respective values shown in the figure. It was.

以上から、質量比μ=15%以上で、5%以上の減衰が得られており、この程度が目安と考えられるが、これは袋11の材料・形状や流体粘性等によっても変わり得るので、この発明の有効な(特許の)範囲のデータではなく、参考の位置づけである。
また、液体12の液量の違いによって、減衰比に明らかな変化が見られ、液量が50%の時に減衰比が最大になったので、振動減衰器10(液体柔軟ダンパー)として最も有効なのは液量が50%の場合と考え得るが、同様に、これは袋11の材料・形状や流体粘性等によっても変わり得るので、この発明の有効な(特許の)範囲のデータではなく、参考の位置づけである。
From the above, when the mass ratio μ = 15% or more, attenuation of 5% or more is obtained, and this degree is considered to be a standard, but this can be changed depending on the material / shape, fluid viscosity, etc. of the bag 11, It is not a valid (patent) range data of this invention, but a reference position.
In addition, a clear change was observed in the damping ratio due to the difference in the liquid volume of the liquid 12, and the damping ratio became maximum when the liquid volume was 50%. Therefore, the most effective as the vibration attenuator 10 (liquid flexible damper) is Although it can be considered that the liquid amount is 50%, similarly, this may vary depending on the material / shape of the bag 11, fluid viscosity, etc. Therefore, it is not a valid (patent) range data of the present invention, Positioning.

なお、上記実験例では、一方向のみの振動に対してであったが、その直角方向(図1の矢印の直交方向)でも同様な結果が得られることは勿論であり、四方八方のあらゆる方向の振動が重畳的に働いても、この振動減衰器10はその各方向に流体12及び袋11が移動(変形)してその振動を吸収することは勿論である。   In the above experimental example, the vibration was only in one direction, but the same result can be obtained even in the perpendicular direction (the direction orthogonal to the arrow in FIG. 1), and in all directions in all directions. Of course, the vibration attenuator 10 moves (deforms) the fluid 12 and the bag 11 in the respective directions to absorb the vibration even if the vibrations of FIG.

因みに、既存の動吸振器の***振点における振動物体とこの実験装置の動吸振器10(液体柔軟ダンパー)の位相の関係を比較するため、本実験の位相関係を目視観察してみると、液体ダンパー(袋11)の上部と下部の液体の動きに位相差が見られ、構造物1の動きに比べ袋11上部の動きが遅れていた。このことから、本振動減衰器(袋11)も原理的には動吸振器と同様の減衰効果が現れていると思われる。   By the way, in order to compare the phase relationship between the vibrating object at the anti-resonance point of the existing dynamic vibration absorber and the dynamic vibration absorber 10 (liquid flexible damper) of this experimental device, the phase relationship of this experiment was visually observed. A phase difference was observed in the movement of the liquid at the upper part and the lower part of the liquid damper (bag 11), and the movement of the upper part of the bag 11 was delayed as compared with the movement of the structure 1. From this, it is considered that the vibration attenuator (bag 11) also exhibits the same damping effect as the dynamic vibration absorber in principle.

この発明の利用分野としては、(ア)ビルの最上階に設置する風対策の振動減衰器、(イ)タンク車内部の構造をこの発明構造とした振動減衰器、(ウ)振動が問題となるプラント機器の振動減衰器、(エ)精密機器を製作または使用する部屋の床面に設置する振動減衰器等が考えられる。   The fields of application of the present invention are: (a) a vibration attenuator installed on the top floor of a building, (b) a vibration attenuator having the structure inside the tank car as a structure of the present invention, and (c) vibration. A vibration attenuator for plant equipment, (d) a vibration attenuator installed on the floor of a room where precision equipment is manufactured or used, and the like can be considered.

この発明の一実験例を示す概略図Schematic showing one experimental example of the present invention 同振動減衰器の一実施例の概略図Schematic of one embodiment of the same vibration attenuator 同実施例による袋11内に空気を入れずに液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図The relationship between the amount of liquid and the damping ratio when the amount of liquid is changed without putting air into the bag 11 according to the same embodiment. 同袋11内に空気を入れて液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図Relationship diagram between the liquid amount and damping ratio when the amount of liquid is changed by putting air into the bag 11 同袋11に代えてゴム風船として液体量を変化させた場合のその液量と減衰比の関係図Relationship between the amount of liquid and the damping ratio when the amount of liquid is changed as a rubber balloon instead of the bag 11 同袋11内に空気を入れず、液量:50%の場合の被吸振構造物と動吸振器の質量比に対する減衰効果の関係図Relationship diagram of damping effect on mass ratio of vibration-absorbed structure and dynamic vibration absorber when air is not put into the bag 11 and the liquid volume is 50% 同袋11内に空気を入れず、液量:50%の場合のばねのばね定数を変化させた場合の振動数と減衰比の関係図The relationship between the frequency and damping ratio when the spring constant of the spring is changed when air is not put into the bag 11 and the liquid volume is 50%.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 構造物
10 振動減衰器
11 振動減衰器を成す袋
12 同振動減衰器を成す流体
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Structure 10 Vibration attenuator 11 Bag which comprises a vibration attenuator 12 Fluid which comprises the vibration attenuator

Claims (2)

構造物(1)に付設され、柔軟性を有する袋(11)内に流体(12)を封入したものであって、前記構造物(1)の振動に伴い前記流体(12)が移動するとともに前記袋(11)も変形し、その流体(12)の移動によるエネルギー消費により構造物(1)の振動を吸収する振動減衰器。   The fluid (12) is enclosed in a flexible bag (11) attached to the structure (1), and the fluid (12) moves along with the vibration of the structure (1). A vibration attenuator in which the bag (11) is also deformed and absorbs the vibration of the structure (1) by energy consumption due to movement of the fluid (12). 上記流体(12)の封入量を上記袋(11)の容量の50%としたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の振動減衰器。   The vibration attenuator according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the fluid (12) enclosed is 50% of the capacity of the bag (11).
JP2006054768A 2006-03-01 2006-03-01 Vibration attenuator Expired - Fee Related JP4806272B2 (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009249094A (en) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-29 Hitachi Ltd Vibration damping structure of tail cord
JP2010053994A (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd Dynamic damper
JP2013019498A (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-31 Osaka Sangyo Univ Vibration damping device and upright member having superior vibration damping performance
JP2014109300A (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-12 Railway Technical Research Institute Vibration control device and railway car
CN111779784A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-10-16 长江大学 Cantilever type piezoresistance damper

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0439447U (en) * 1990-08-02 1992-04-03
JP2004278600A (en) * 2003-03-13 2004-10-07 Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd Film damper filled with viscous fluid

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0439447U (en) * 1990-08-02 1992-04-03
JP2004278600A (en) * 2003-03-13 2004-10-07 Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd Film damper filled with viscous fluid

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009249094A (en) * 2008-04-03 2009-10-29 Hitachi Ltd Vibration damping structure of tail cord
JP2010053994A (en) * 2008-08-29 2010-03-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd Dynamic damper
JP2013019498A (en) * 2011-07-13 2013-01-31 Osaka Sangyo Univ Vibration damping device and upright member having superior vibration damping performance
JP2014109300A (en) * 2012-11-30 2014-06-12 Railway Technical Research Institute Vibration control device and railway car
CN111779784A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-10-16 长江大学 Cantilever type piezoresistance damper
CN111779784B (en) * 2020-06-05 2022-02-01 长江大学 Cantilever type piezoresistance damper

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