JP2007191546A - Automotive component - Google Patents
Automotive component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007191546A JP2007191546A JP2006009759A JP2006009759A JP2007191546A JP 2007191546 A JP2007191546 A JP 2007191546A JP 2006009759 A JP2006009759 A JP 2006009759A JP 2006009759 A JP2006009759 A JP 2006009759A JP 2007191546 A JP2007191546 A JP 2007191546A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- component
- polylactic acid
- lactic acid
- mol
- unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 203
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N D-lactic acid Chemical group C[C@@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-lactic acid Chemical group C[C@H](O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 74
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003484 crystal nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 δ-butyrolactone Chemical compound 0.000 description 68
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 47
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 40
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 20
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 19
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 14
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 8
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940022769 d- lactic acid Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-valerolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCO1 OZJPLYNZGCXSJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002918 oxazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 4511-42-6 Chemical compound C[C@@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930182843 D-Lactic acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006033 core shell type graft co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004893 oxazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001432 poly(L-lactide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diisopropylcarbodiimide Chemical compound CC(C)N=C=NC(C)C BDNKZNFMNDZQMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCRCZNMJAVGGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione;oxepan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1.O=C1CCCCCO1 SCRCZNMJAVGGEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUILGEYLVHGSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)N1CC1CO1 DUILGEYLVHGSEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNVXWIINBUTFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-phenylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 DNVXWIINBUTFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMOZDINWBHMBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2OCCN=2)=C1 HMOZDINWBHMBSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZDNUPMSZKVCETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound O1CCN=C1C1=CC=C(C=2OCCN=2)C=C1 ZDNUPMSZKVCETJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCCCOCC1CO1 WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGXAFZNONAXBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C=1C=CC(CC2OC2)=CC=1CC1CO1 AGXAFZNONAXBOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FSYPIGPPWAJCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[4-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)phenoxy]methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COC(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 FSYPIGPPWAJCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AADZRTSFCAMLBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=NCCO1 AADZRTSFCAMLBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical group CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethyloxetan-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)COC1=O ULKFLOVGORAZDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,9-dioctadecoxy-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-3,9-diphosphaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1OP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCC21COP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OC2 PZRWFKGUFWPFID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWOIQIYQBRDOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dihydro-4h-1,3-oxazine Chemical compound C1COC=NC1 YWOIQIYQBRDOQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)=O PHOJOSOUIAQEDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether Chemical class C=1C=C(OCC2OC2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OCC1CO1 LCFVJGUPQDGYKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、射出成形性を改良したポリ乳酸樹脂組成物からなる自動車部品に関する。さらに詳しくは、特定のポリ乳酸を、特定の射出成形条件で成形することにより得られた、耐熱性、機械特性に優れた自動車部品に関する。 The present invention relates to an automobile part comprising a polylactic acid resin composition with improved injection moldability. More specifically, the present invention relates to an automobile part excellent in heat resistance and mechanical properties obtained by molding a specific polylactic acid under specific injection molding conditions.
近年、石油資源の枯渇の懸念や、地球温暖化を引き起こす空気中の二酸化炭素の増加の問題から、原料を石油に依存せず、また燃焼させても二酸化炭素を増加させないカーボンニュートラルが成り立つバイオマス資源が大きく注目を集めるようになり、ポリマーの分野においても、バイオマス資源から生産されるバイオマスプラスチックが盛んに開発されている。 In recent years, due to concerns about the depletion of petroleum resources and the problem of increased carbon dioxide in the air that causes global warming, biomass resources that do not depend on petroleum as a raw material and that do not increase carbon dioxide even when burned are formed. In the polymer field, biomass plastics produced from biomass resources are actively developed.
バイオマスプラスチックの代表例がポリ乳酸であり、バイオマスプラスチックの中でも比較的高い耐熱性、機械特性を有するため、食器、包装材料、雑貨などに用途展開が広がりつつあるが、更に、工業材料としての可能性も検討されるようになってきた。 A representative example of biomass plastic is polylactic acid, which has relatively high heat resistance and mechanical properties among biomass plastics, so its application is expanding to tableware, packaging materials, general merchandise, etc. Sexuality has also been considered.
しかしながら、ポリ乳酸は、工業材料として使用するに当っては、その耐熱性が不足し、また生産性の高い射出成形によって成形品を得ようとすると、結晶性ポリマーとしてはその結晶性が低いため成形性が劣るという問題がある。通常、ポリ乳酸を射出成形して結晶化した成形品を得るためには、概ね80〜130℃程度の金型温度で成形するのが生産上好ましいが、ポリ乳酸では結晶化速度が劣るため、結晶核剤を使用しても、この温度範囲では固化がほとんど進まず、金型温度を40℃以下と低くして非晶状態で成形品を作る必要があるが、それでは結晶性ポリマーとしての特徴が発揮できず、またそれを熱処理することにより結晶化させる方法もとれるが、工程が増えるため生産性は劣ってしまう。 However, polylactic acid is insufficient in heat resistance when used as an industrial material, and when a molded product is obtained by injection molding with high productivity, the crystalline polymer has low crystallinity. There is a problem that moldability is inferior. Usually, in order to obtain a molded product crystallized by injection molding of polylactic acid, it is preferable for production to be molded at a mold temperature of about 80 to 130 ° C., but since polylactic acid is inferior in crystallization speed, Even if a crystal nucleating agent is used, solidification hardly progresses in this temperature range, and it is necessary to make a molded product in an amorphous state by lowering the mold temperature to 40 ° C. or lower. However, productivity is inferior because the number of steps increases.
一方、ポリ乳酸には光学異性体が存在し、それぞれL−乳酸とD−乳酸の重合体であるポリL−乳酸とポリD−乳酸を混合すると、ステレオコンプレックス結晶を形成し、ポリL−乳酸あるいはポリD−乳酸単独の結晶より高い融点を示す材料となることが知られており(特許文献1、非特許文献1参照)、このステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸を、その耐熱性を活かして自動車部品や家電部品などの工業用途に利用しようとする試みが行われている(特許文献2参照)。 On the other hand, polylactic acid has optical isomers. When poly-L-lactic acid and poly-D-lactic acid, which are polymers of L-lactic acid and D-lactic acid, are mixed, a stereocomplex crystal is formed. Or it is known that it becomes a material which shows higher melting | fusing point than the crystal | crystallization of poly-D-lactic acid alone (refer patent document 1, nonpatent literature 1), and this stereocomplex polylactic acid is utilized for an automotive component, utilizing the heat resistance. Attempts have been made to use it for industrial applications such as home appliance parts (see Patent Document 2).
しかしながら、このステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸を、工業的に有利な溶融押出プロセスにて作製しようとした場合、ステレオコンプレックス化を十分に進めるのが非常に困難であり、ステレオコンプレックス化が不十分であるとその特徴である良好な耐熱性が発揮されないことになる。 However, when this stereocomplex polylactic acid is to be produced by an industrially advantageous melt extrusion process, it is very difficult to sufficiently make the stereocomplex, and if the stereocomplexation is insufficient, The good heat resistance which is the characteristic is not exhibited.
また、ステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸は、ポリL−乳酸あるいはポリD−乳酸よりも、結晶化速度が速い傾向があるものの、射出成形で効率よく生産するには未だ不十分である。結晶化速度を速めるため、ステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸に特定の核剤を添加して、その成形性を向上させる方法の提案もなされているが(特許文献3参照)、その場合においても140℃以上という高い金型温度を要し、改良は十分とはいえないのが現状である。 In addition, stereocomplex polylactic acid tends to have a higher crystallization speed than poly L-lactic acid or poly D-lactic acid, but is still insufficient for efficient production by injection molding. In order to increase the crystallization speed, a method for improving the moldability by adding a specific nucleating agent to stereocomplex polylactic acid has also been proposed (see Patent Document 3). At present, high mold temperature is required and improvement is not sufficient.
したがって、本発明の主たる目的は、ステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸の耐熱性を活かした自動車部品を提供することにある。
本発明者らはかかる目的を達成すべく鋭意研究の結果、特定のポリ乳酸を特定の方法で溶融混練することにより得られたポリ乳酸を、特定の射出成形方法で成形することにより、耐熱性、機械特性に優れた自動車部品が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
Therefore, a main object of the present invention is to provide an automobile part that takes advantage of the heat resistance of stereocomplex polylactic acid.
As a result of diligent research to achieve such an object, the present inventors have obtained heat resistance by molding polylactic acid obtained by melt-kneading a specific polylactic acid by a specific method by a specific injection molding method. The present inventors have found that automobile parts having excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
すなわち、本発明は、示差走査熱量計(DSC)測定において、昇温過程における融解ピークのうち、195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が70%以上であるポリ乳酸を、金型温度80〜130℃の範囲で射出成形して得られる自動車部品である。 That is, in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement according to the present invention, polylactic acid having a melting peak ratio of 195 ° C. or higher in the melting peak in the temperature rising process is 70% or higher, with a mold temperature of 80 to 130 ° C. It is an automotive part obtained by injection molding in the range of.
本発明は、高い割合でステレオコンプレックスを形成しているポリ乳酸から得られる自動車部品であって、良好な耐熱性、機械特性、耐薬品性、および耐加水分解性を有し、加えて環境負荷の低減された樹脂組成物であることから、車両部品用途に有用であり、その奏する産業上の効果は格別である。 The present invention is an automotive part obtained from polylactic acid forming a stereocomplex in a high proportion, and has good heat resistance, mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and hydrolysis resistance, and in addition to environmental load Therefore, the resin composition is useful for vehicle parts, and its industrial effect is exceptional.
以下、本発明の樹脂組成物を構成する各成分、それらの配合割合、調製方法等について、順次具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, each component which comprises the resin composition of this invention, those compounding ratios, a preparation method, etc. are demonstrated concretely one by one.
<A成分について>
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるA成分のポリ乳酸は、示差走査熱量計(DSC)測定の昇温過程におけるポリ乳酸に由来する融解ピークにおいて、195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が70%以上、好ましくは80%以上、さらに好ましくは90%以上、特に好ましくは95%以上となるものである。195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が大きいほど、射出成形性が高くなる。
<About component A>
The polylactic acid of component A in the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention has a melting peak ratio of 195 ° C. or higher in the melting peak derived from polylactic acid in the temperature rising process of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement. It is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more. The larger the melting peak ratio at 195 ° C. or higher, the higher the injection moldability.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)の重量平均分子量は、好ましくは8万〜50万である。より好ましくは10万〜30万、更に好ましくは10万〜15万であり、10万から13万が特に好ましい。重量平均分子量は溶離液にクロロホルムを用いたゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)測定による標準ポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量値である。 The weight average molecular weight of polylactic acid (component A) is preferably 80,000 to 500,000. More preferably, it is 100,000-300,000, More preferably, it is 100,000-150,000, and 100,000-130,000 are especially preferable. The weight average molecular weight is a weight average molecular weight value in terms of standard polystyrene as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using chloroform as an eluent.
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるポリ乳酸(A成分)は、下記式(i)に示す、L−乳酸単位、D−乳酸単位を基本成分とするポリ乳酸であり、
A−1成分は、L−乳酸単位90〜100モル%と、D−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位0〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
A−2成分は、L―乳酸単位90〜99モル%と、D−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位1〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
A−3成分は、L−乳酸単位99モル%を超え100モル%以下と、D−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位0モル%以上1モル%未満とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
従って、ポリ乳酸単位A−1成分には、ポリ乳酸単位A−2成分、およびポリ乳酸単位A−3成分が包含される。
The A-1 component is a polylactic acid unit composed of 90 to 100 mol% of L-lactic acid units and 0 to 10 mol% of D-lactic acid units and / or copolymerization component units other than lactic acid.
The A-2 component is a polylactic acid unit composed of 90 to 99 mol% of L-lactic acid units and 1 to 10 mol% of copolymer component units other than D-lactic acid units and / or lactic acid.
The A-3 component is a polylactic acid composed of more than 99 mol% of L-lactic acid units and 100 mol% or less and D-lactic acid units and / or copolymer component units other than lactic acid of 0 mol% or more and less than 1 mol%. Unit.
Therefore, the polylactic acid unit A-1 component includes a polylactic acid unit A-2 component and a polylactic acid unit A-3 component.
A−4成分は、D−乳酸単位90〜100モル%と、L−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位0〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
A−5成分は、D―乳酸単位90〜99モル%と、L−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位1〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
A−6成分は、D−乳酸単位99モル%を超え100モル%以下と、L−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位0モル%以上1モル%未満とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位である。
従って、ポリ乳酸単位A−4成分には、ポリ乳酸単位A−5成分、およびポリ乳酸単位A−6成分が包含される。
The A-4 component is a polylactic acid unit composed of 90 to 100 mol% of D-lactic acid units and 0 to 10 mol% of copolymer component units other than L-lactic acid units and / or lactic acid.
The A-5 component is a polylactic acid unit composed of 90 to 99 mol% of D-lactic acid units and 1 to 10 mol% of L-lactic acid units and / or copolymerization component units other than lactic acid.
The A-6 component is a polylactic acid composed of more than 99 mol% of D-lactic acid units and 100 mol% or less, and L-lactic acid units and / or copolymer component units other than lactic acid of 0 mol% or more and less than 1 mol%. Unit.
Therefore, the polylactic acid unit A-4 component includes a polylactic acid unit A-5 component and a polylactic acid unit A-6 component.
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるポリ乳酸(A成分)は、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位であるA−1成分、A−2成分、A−3成分と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位であるA−4成分、A−5成分、A−6成分との特定の組合せからなる。
即ち、ポリ乳酸(A成分)は、A−1成分、およびA−4成分からなり、A−1成分とA−4成分の重量比(A−1成分/A−4成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にあるポリ乳酸が好ましい。
The polylactic acid (A component) in the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention is mainly composed of A-1, A-2 and A-3 components, which are polylactic acid units mainly composed of L-lactic acid units, and D. -It consists of a specific combination with the A-4 component which is a polylactic acid unit which consists of a lactic acid unit, A-5 component, and A-6 component.
That is, polylactic acid (A component) consists of A-1 component and A-4 component, and the weight ratio (A-1 component / A-4 component) of A-1 component and A-4 component is 10/90. Polylactic acid in the range of ~ 90/10 is preferred.
更に、ポリ乳酸(A成分)は、(1)A−1成分、およびA−5成分からなり、A−1成分とA−5成分の重量比(A−1成分/A−5成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にある、または(2)A−4成分、およびA−2成分からなり、A−4成分とA−2成分の重量比(A−4成分/A−2成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にあるポリ乳酸が好ましい。 Furthermore, polylactic acid (A component) consists of (1) A-1 component and A-5 component, and the weight ratio (A-1 component / A-5 component) of A-1 component and A-5 component is It is in the range of 10/90 to 90/10, or consists of (2) A-4 component and A-2 component, and the weight ratio of A-4 component and A-2 component (A-4 component / A-2 Polylactic acid having a component in the range of 10/90 to 90/10 is preferred.
特に好ましいポリ乳酸(A成分)は、A−2成分および、A−5成分からなり、A−2成分とA−5成分の重量比(A−2成分/A−5成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にあるポリ乳酸(組合せ1)、A−3成分および、A−5成分からなり、A−3成分とA−5成分の重量比(A−3成分/A−5成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にあるポリ乳酸(組合せ2)、A−6成分および、A−2成分からなり、A−6成分とA−2成分の重量比(A−6成分/A−2成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にあるポリ乳酸(組合せ3)である。 Particularly preferred polylactic acid (component A) is composed of component A-2 and component A-5, and the weight ratio of component A-2 to component A-5 (component A-2 / component A-5) is 10/90. Polylactic acid (combination 1) in the range of ~ 90/10, A-3 component, and A-5 component, the weight ratio of A-3 component to A-5 component (A-3 component / A-5 component) ) Is composed of polylactic acid (combination 2) in the range of 10/90 to 90/10, component A-6 and component A-2, and the weight ratio of component A-6 to component A-2 (component A-6) / A-2 component) is polylactic acid (combination 3) in the range of 10/90 to 90/10.
以上の、特に好ましい組合せをまとめると以下のようになる。
以上のようにポリ乳酸(A成分)の組合せにおいて、A−3成分とA−6成分との組合せは、特に好ましい範囲からは除外される。 As described above, in the combination of polylactic acid (component A), the combination of component A-3 and component A-6 is excluded from a particularly preferable range.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)中における、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(B−4〜B−6成分)の重量比は、10/90〜90/10であるが、より多くのステレオコンプレックスを形成させるためには、25/75〜75/25であることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは40/60〜60/40である。一方のポリマーの重量比が10未満であるかまたは、90を超えると、ホモ結晶化が優先してしまい、ステレオコンプレックスを形成し難くなるので好ましくない。 In polylactic acid (component A), polylactic acid units mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and polylactic acid units mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (components B-4 to B-6) ) Is 10/90 to 90/10, but in order to form more stereocomplexes, it is preferably 25/75 to 75/25, more preferably 40/60 to 60 / 40. If the weight ratio of one polymer is less than 10 or exceeds 90, homocrystallization is prioritized and it is difficult to form a stereo complex, which is not preferable.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)中のポリ乳酸単位における乳酸以外の共重合成分単位としては、2個以上のエステル結合形成可能な官能基を持つジカルボン酸、多価アルコール、ヒドロキシカルボン酸、ラクトン等由来の単位およびこれら種々の構成成分からなる各種ポリエステル、各種ポリエーテル、各種ポリカーボネート等由来の単位を単独、もしくは混合して使用することができる。 The copolymer component unit other than lactic acid in the polylactic acid unit in the polylactic acid (component A) is derived from dicarboxylic acid, polyhydric alcohol, hydroxycarboxylic acid, lactone, etc. having a functional group capable of forming two or more ester bonds. Units and units derived from various polyesters, various polyethers, various polycarbonates and the like composed of these various components can be used alone or as a mixture.
ジカルボン酸としては、コハク酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸等が挙げられる。多価アルコールとしてはエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ペンタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール、オクタンジオール、グリセリン、ソルビタン、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール等の脂肪族多価アルコール等あるいはビスフェノールにエチレンオキシドが付加させたものなどの芳香族多価アルコール等が挙げられる。ヒドロキシカルボン酸として、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシブチルカルボン酸等が挙げられる。ラクトンとしては、グリコリド、ε−カプロラクトングリコリド、ε−カプロラクトン、β−プロピオラクトン、δ−ブチロラクトン、β−またはγ−ブチロラクトン、ピバロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン等が挙げられる。 Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, glycerin, sorbitan, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. Or aromatic polyhydric alcohol etc., such as what added ethylene oxide to bisphenol, etc. are mentioned. Examples of the hydroxycarboxylic acid include glycolic acid and hydroxybutylcarboxylic acid. Examples of the lactone include glycolide, ε-caprolactone glycolide, ε-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, δ-butyrolactone, β- or γ-butyrolactone, pivalolactone, δ-valerolactone, and the like.
<ポリ乳酸(A成分)の製造方法について>
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるポリ乳酸(A成分)を構成する各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)は、既知の任意のポリ乳酸の重合方法により製造方法することができ、例えばラクチドの開環重合、乳酸の脱水縮合、およびこれらと固相重合を組み合わせた方法などにより製造することができる。
<About the production method of polylactic acid (component A)>
Each of the polylactic acid units (A-1 to A-6 components) constituting the polylactic acid (A component) in the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention is produced by any known polylactic acid polymerization method. For example, it can be produced by ring-opening polymerization of lactide, dehydration condensation of lactic acid, and a method combining these with solid phase polymerization.
各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)を既知の任意の重合方法により製造する場合、副生成物として乳酸の環状二量体であるラクチドが生成することがある。各ポリ乳酸単位は、樹脂の熱安定性を損ねない範囲であれば、かかるラクチドを含有していてもよい。 When each polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-6) is produced by any known polymerization method, lactide, which is a cyclic dimer of lactic acid, may be produced as a by-product. Each polylactic acid unit may contain such a lactide as long as it does not impair the thermal stability of the resin.
かかる各ポリ乳酸単位に含まれるラクチドは、各ポリ乳酸単位の重合終了後、溶融減圧下で除去する方法、溶媒を用いて抽出除去する方法などにより、ポリ乳酸単位から除去することが、樹脂の熱安定性を向上させる上で好ましい。各ポリ乳酸単位に含まれるラクチドは、各ポリ乳酸単位に対して2%以下、好ましくは1%以下、より好ましくは0.5%以下である。 The lactide contained in each polylactic acid unit can be removed from the polylactic acid unit by a method of removing the polylactic acid unit after the polymerization of each polylactic acid unit under a melt pressure or a method of extracting and removing using a solvent. It is preferable for improving the thermal stability. The lactide contained in each polylactic acid unit is 2% or less, preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less with respect to each polylactic acid unit.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)を構成する各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)に使用される乳酸以外の共重合成分単位は、2個以上のエステル結合形成可能な官能基を持つジカルボン酸、多価アルコール、ヒドロキシカルボン酸、ラクトン等およびこれら種々の構成成分からなる各種ポリエステル、各種ポリエーテル、各種ポリカーボネート等が挙げられる。 The copolymer component unit other than lactic acid used for each polylactic acid unit (A-1 to A-6 component) constituting the polylactic acid (A component) is a dicarboxylic acid having two or more functional groups capable of forming an ester bond. Examples thereof include acids, polyhydric alcohols, hydroxycarboxylic acids, lactones, and the like, and various polyesters, various polyethers, and various polycarbonates composed of these various components.
ジカルボン酸としては、コハク酸、アジピン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、テレフタル酸、イソフタル酸等が挙げられる。多価アルコールとしてはエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブタンジオール、ペンタンジオール、ヘキサンジオール、オクタンジオール、グリセリン、ソルビタン、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコール等の脂肪族多価アルコール等あるいはビスフェノールにエチレンオキシドが付加させたものなどの芳香族多価アルコール等が挙げられる。ヒドロキシカルボン酸として、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシブチルカルボン酸等が挙げられる。ラクトンとしては、グリコリド、ε−カプロラクトングリコリド、ε−カプロラクトン、β−プロピオラクトン、δ−ブチロラクトン、β−またはγ−ブチロラクトン、ピバロラクトン、δ−バレロラクトン等が挙げられる。 Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include aliphatic polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, octanediol, glycerin, sorbitan, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol. Or aromatic polyhydric alcohol etc., such as what added ethylene oxide to bisphenol, etc. are mentioned. Examples of the hydroxycarboxylic acid include glycolic acid and hydroxybutylcarboxylic acid. Examples of the lactone include glycolide, ε-caprolactone glycolide, ε-caprolactone, β-propiolactone, δ-butyrolactone, β- or γ-butyrolactone, pivalolactone, δ-valerolactone, and the like.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)を構成する各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)は、樹脂の熱安定性を損ねない範囲で重合に関わる触媒を含有していてもよい。このような触媒としては、各種のスズ化合物、アルミニウム化合物、チタン化合物、ジルコニウム化合物、カルシウム化合物、有機酸類、無機酸類などを挙げることができる。このような触媒としては、スズ、アルミニウム、ジルコニウムおよびチタンの脂肪酸塩、炭酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酸化物、水酸化物、ハロゲン化物、アルコラート、あるいは、それら金属そのものが挙げられる。具体的には、オクチル酸スズ、アルミニウムアセチルアセトネート、アルミニウムアルコキシド、チタンアルコキシド、ジルコニウムアルコキシドが挙げられる。 Each polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-6) constituting the polylactic acid (component A) may contain a catalyst involved in polymerization within a range not impairing the thermal stability of the resin. Examples of such catalysts include various tin compounds, aluminum compounds, titanium compounds, zirconium compounds, calcium compounds, organic acids, and inorganic acids. Such catalysts include tin, aluminum, zirconium and titanium fatty acid salts, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, oxides, hydroxides, halides, alcoholates, or the metals themselves. Specific examples include tin octylate, aluminum acetylacetonate, aluminum alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, and zirconium alkoxide.
かかる各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)に含まれる重合に関わる触媒は、各ポリ乳酸単位の重合反応終了後に、溶媒を用いて抽出除去する方法、または該触媒を不活性化させる公知の安定剤を共存させる方法などにより、除去または失活させることが、樹脂の熱安定性を向上させる上で好ましい。 The catalyst involved in the polymerization contained in each of the polylactic acid units (components A-1 to A-6) is extracted by using a solvent after the polymerization reaction of each polylactic acid unit is completed, or the catalyst is inactivated. In order to improve the thermal stability of the resin, it is preferable to remove or deactivate it by a method in which a known stabilizer to be coexisted.
ポリ乳酸(A成分)を構成する、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)は、必要により(B)〜(D)成分やその他の成分を配合してもよいが、それらの成分と共に混合する前に、予め両者を共存させて熱処理する方法をとることが、成形品中でステレオコンプレックスを効率的に生成させることが可能となるため好ましい。 A polylactic acid unit (A-1 to A-3 component) mainly composed of an L-lactic acid unit and a polylactic acid unit (A-4 to A-6) mainly composed of a D-lactic acid unit constituting the polylactic acid (A component) Component (B) may be blended with components (B) to (D) and other components as necessary, but before mixing together with these components, it is possible to take a heat treatment method in the presence of both in advance. This is preferable because a stereo complex can be efficiently generated in the product.
具体的には、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを共存させたものを、245〜300℃で熱処理する方法が、成形品中でステレオコンプレックスを効率よく生成させるために特に好ましい。 Specifically, a polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-3) mainly composed of L-lactic acid units and a polylactic acid unit (components A-4 to A-6) mainly composed of D-lactic acid units coexist. A method of heat treating the resulting product at 245 to 300 ° C. is particularly preferable in order to efficiently generate a stereocomplex in the molded product.
また、該熱処理に際しては、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とをできるだけ均一に混合することが好ましい。混合は、それらが熱処理したときに均一に混合される方法であればいかなる方法をとることも出来る。 In the heat treatment, polylactic acid units mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and polylactic acid units mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (components A-4 to A-6) Is preferably mixed as uniformly as possible. The mixing can be any method as long as they are uniformly mixed when heat-treated.
そのような混合方法として、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを、溶媒の存在下で混合した後、再沈殿して混合物を得る方法や、加熱により溶媒を除去して混合物を得る方法が例示できる。この場合には、A−1〜A−3成分、およびA−4〜A−6成分とを別々に溶媒に溶解した溶液を調製し両者を混合するか、または両者を一緒に溶媒に溶解させ混合することにより行うことが好ましい。 As such a mixing method, a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (components A-4 to A-6) Are mixed in the presence of a solvent and then reprecipitated to obtain a mixture, or a method of removing the solvent by heating to obtain a mixture. In this case, prepare a solution in which components A-1 to A-3 and components A-4 to A-6 are separately dissolved in a solvent and mix them, or dissolve them together in a solvent. It is preferable to carry out by mixing.
溶媒は、ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)が溶解するものであれば、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン、ジクロロエタン、テトラクロロエタン、フェノール、テトラヒドロフラン、N−メチルピロリドン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド、ブチロラクトン、トリオキサン、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール等の単独あるいは2種以上混合したものが好ましい。 The solvent is not particularly limited as long as the polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-6) dissolves. For example, chloroform, methylene chloride, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, phenol, tetrahydrofuran, N -Methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, butyrolactone, trioxane, hexafluoroisopropanol or the like, or a mixture of two or more of them is preferred.
溶媒が存在しても、加熱することにより溶媒が蒸発し、無溶媒の状態で熱処理することができる。溶媒の蒸発後(熱処理)の昇温速度は、長時間、熱処理をすると分解する可能性があるので短時間で行うのが好ましいが特に限定されるものではない。 Even in the presence of a solvent, the solvent evaporates by heating and can be heat-treated in a solvent-free state. The rate of temperature increase after evaporation of the solvent (heat treatment) is preferably, but not limited to, a short time since there is a possibility of decomposition when heat treatment is performed for a long time.
また、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)の混合を、溶媒の非存在下で行うこともできる。即ち、A−1〜A−3成分、およびA−4〜A−6成分をあらかじめ粉体化あるいはチップ化したものを所定量混合した後に溶融し、あるいは溶融後、混練して混合する方法、または、A−1〜A−3成分、あるいはA−4〜A−6成分のいずれか一方を溶融させた後に残る一方を加えて混練し混合する方法を採用することができる。 Further, mixing of a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (components A-4 to A-6) is carried out by using a non-solvent. It can also be performed in the presence. That is, a method in which A-1 to A-3 components and A-4 to A-6 components previously powdered or chipped are mixed after a predetermined amount and then melted, or after melting, kneaded and mixed, Alternatively, it is possible to employ a method in which one of the components A-1 to A-3 or the components A-4 to A-6 is melted and the remaining one is added and kneaded and mixed.
従って本発明は、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを、溶媒の存在下、または溶媒の非存在下で混合、熱処理するポリ乳酸の製造方法をとることにより作製した樹脂組成物からなる成形品を包含する。 Therefore, the present invention comprises a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and a polylactic acid unit mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (components A-4 to A-6). It includes a molded article made of a resin composition produced by a method for producing polylactic acid that is mixed and heat-treated in the presence of a solvent or in the absence of a solvent.
ここで、上記において粉体あるいはチップの大きさは、各ポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−6成分)の粉体あるいはチップが均一に混合されれば特に限定されるものではないが、3mm以下が好ましく、さらには1から0.25mmのサイズであることが好ましい。溶融混合する場合、大きさに関係なく、ステレオコンプレックス結晶を形成するが、粉体あるいはチップを均一に混合した後に単に溶融する場合、粉体あるいはチップの直径が3mm以上の大きさになると、ホモ結晶も析出するので好ましくない。 Here, in the above, the size of the powder or chip is not particularly limited as long as the powder or chip of each polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-6) is uniformly mixed. The following is preferable, and the size is preferably 1 to 0.25 mm. When melting and mixing, a stereocomplex crystal is formed regardless of the size. However, when the powder or chip is simply melted after being uniformly mixed, if the diameter of the powder or chip becomes 3 mm or more, the Since crystals also precipitate, it is not preferable.
ポリ乳酸単位(A成分)を熱処理する方法において、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)、および主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)を混合するために用いる混合装置としては、溶融によって混合する場合にはバッチ式の攪拌翼がついた反応器、連続式の反応器のほか、二軸あるいは一軸のエクストルーダー、粉体で混合する場合にはタンブラー式の粉体混合器、連続式の粉体混合器、各種のミリング装置などを好適に用いることができる。 In the method of heat-treating polylactic acid units (component A), polylactic acid units mainly composed of L-lactic acid units (components A-1 to A-3) and polylactic acid units mainly composed of D-lactic acid units (A-4 to As the mixing device used for mixing the component (A-6), in the case of mixing by melting, in addition to a reactor with a batch type stirring blade, a continuous reactor, a biaxial or uniaxial extruder, In the case of mixing with powder, a tumbler type powder mixer, a continuous powder mixer, various milling devices, and the like can be suitably used.
本発明における熱処理とは、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)、およびポリ乳酸単位主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)を重量比10/90〜90/10の範囲になるように共存させ、245〜300℃の温度領域で維持することをいう。熱処理の温度は好ましくは270〜300℃、より好ましくは280〜290℃である。300℃を超えると、分解反応を抑制するのが難しくなるので好ましくない。熱処理の時間は特に限定されるものではないが、0.2〜60分、好ましくは1〜20分である。熱処理時の雰囲気は、常圧の不活性雰囲気下、または減圧のいずれも適用可能である。 The heat treatment in the present invention refers to polylactic acid units (A-1 to A-3 components) mainly composed of L-lactic acid units, and polylactic acid units (A-4 to A-6) mainly composed of polylactic acid units and D-lactic acid units. Component) is allowed to coexist so that the weight ratio is in the range of 10/90 to 90/10, and is maintained in the temperature range of 245 to 300 ° C. The temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 270 to 300 ° C, more preferably 280 to 290 ° C. If it exceeds 300 ° C., it is difficult to suppress the decomposition reaction, which is not preferable. The heat treatment time is not particularly limited, but is 0.2 to 60 minutes, preferably 1 to 20 minutes. As an atmosphere during the heat treatment, either an inert atmosphere at normal pressure or a reduced pressure can be applied.
熱処理に用いる装置、方法としては、雰囲気調整を行いながら加熱できる装置、方法であれば用いることができるが、たとえば、バッチ式の反応器、連続式の反応器、二軸あるいは一軸のエクストルーダーなど、またはプレス機、流管式の押出機を用いて、成型しながら処理する方法をとることが出来る。 The apparatus and method used for the heat treatment can be any apparatus and method that can be heated while adjusting the atmosphere. For example, a batch reactor, a continuous reactor, a biaxial or uniaxial extruder, etc. Alternatively, it is possible to adopt a method of processing while molding using a press machine or a flow tube type extruder.
<B成分について>
本発明において用いられるB成分である結晶核剤はポリ乳酸、並びに芳香族ポリエステルなどの結晶性樹脂に対して結晶核剤として一般に用いられている公知の化合物が主たる対象となる。
<About B component>
The crystal nucleating agent, which is the component B used in the present invention, is mainly a known compound that is generally used as a crystal nucleating agent for crystalline resins such as polylactic acid and aromatic polyester.
例えば、タルク、シリカ、グラファイト、炭素粉、ピロフェライト、石膏、中性粘土等の無機質微粒子や、酸化マグネシウム、酸化アルミニウム、二酸化チタン等の金属酸化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、ホスホン酸塩、硅酸塩、蓚酸塩、ステアリン酸塩、安息香酸塩、サリチル酸塩、酒石酸塩、スルホン酸塩、モンタンワックス塩、モンタンワックスエステル塩、テレフタル酸塩、安息香酸塩、カルボン酸塩等があげられる。 For example, inorganic fine particles such as talc, silica, graphite, carbon powder, pyroferrite, gypsum, neutral clay, metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, sulfate, phosphate, phosphonate, Examples thereof include oxalate, oxalate, stearate, benzoate, salicylate, tartrate, sulfonate, montan wax salt, montan wax ester salt, terephthalate, benzoate, carboxylate and the like.
これらの結晶核剤として用いられる化合物の中で特に効果の大きいものは、タルクであり、平均粒径が20μm以下のものが好ましく用いられるが、平均粒径が5μm以下のものを用いると更に好ましい。 Among these compounds used as the crystal nucleating agent, talc is particularly effective, and those having an average particle size of 20 μm or less are preferably used, but those having an average particle size of 5 μm or less are more preferable. .
これら結晶核剤の配合量は、結晶核剤の種類や形状によってその効果を発現させる量は異なるため一律に規定することはできないが、ポリ乳酸成分(A成分)100重量部あたり、0.01〜5重量部であり、好ましくは0.05〜3重量部、より好ましくは0.1〜2重量部である。結晶核剤の添加量が少なすぎる場合には結晶核剤としての効果が発現されず、逆に多くし過ぎても結晶核剤としての効果が増大されることがないばかりか、むしろ機械特性その他において悪い結果を与える場合がある。 The blending amount of these crystal nucleating agents cannot be uniformly defined because the amount of the effect varies depending on the type and shape of the crystal nucleating agent. However, the amount is 0.01 per 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid component (component A). -5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05-3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1-2 parts by weight. If the amount of the crystal nucleating agent is too small, the effect as a crystal nucleating agent will not be exhibited, and conversely, if it is too much, the effect as a crystal nucleating agent will not be increased. May give bad results.
本発明において用いられるB成分の結晶核剤の配合方法に特に制約はないが、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを混合した後に、必要により配合される他成分が存在する場合にはそれらと共に混合する際に添加する方法が、ステレオコンプレックス形成に与える悪影響が小さいため好ましい。 Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the compounding method of the crystal nucleating agent of B component used in this invention, It consists mainly of the polylactic acid unit (A-1 to A-3 component) which consists of L-lactic acid units, and D-lactic acid unit mainly. After mixing the polylactic acid unit (components A-4 to A-6), if there are other components to be blended if necessary, the method of adding them together with them may adversely affect the formation of the stereo complex. It is preferable because it is small.
<C成分について>
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物において、無機充填材(C成分)を更に配合すると、機械特性、寸法特性などに優れた成形品を得ることができるようになる。
<About component C>
In the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, when an inorganic filler (component C) is further blended, a molded product excellent in mechanical characteristics, dimensional characteristics, etc. can be obtained.
無機充填材としては、ガラス繊維、炭素繊維、ガラスフレーク、ワラストナイト、カオリンクレー、マイカ、タルクおよび各種ウイスカー類(チタン酸カリウムウイスカー、ホウ酸アルミニウムウイスカーなど)といった一般に知られている各種無機重点材を挙げることができる。無機充填材の形状は繊維状、フレーク状、球状、中空状を自由に選択でき、樹脂組成物の強度や耐衝撃性の向上のためには繊維状、フレーク状のものが好適である。 As inorganic fillers, various inorganic emphasis commonly known such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, glass flake, wollastonite, kaolin clay, mica, talc and various whiskers (potassium titanate whisker, aluminum borate whisker, etc.) Materials can be mentioned. The shape of the inorganic filler can be freely selected from fibrous, flaky, spherical and hollow shapes, and fibrous and flaky materials are suitable for improving the strength and impact resistance of the resin composition.
中でも、無機充填材としては、好適には天然鉱物の粉砕物からなる無機充填材であり、より好適には珪酸塩の天然鉱物の粉砕物からなる無機充填材であり、さらにその形状の点からは、マイカ、タルク、およびワラストナイトが好ましい。 Among them, the inorganic filler is preferably an inorganic filler made of a pulverized product of natural mineral, more preferably an inorganic filler made of a pulverized product of a natural mineral of silicate, and from the point of its shape. Are preferably mica, talc, and wollastonite.
一方、これらの無機充填材は、炭素繊維のような石油資源材料に比較して脱石油資源材料であることから、環境負荷のより低い原料を用いることとなり、結果として環境負荷の小さいB成分及びC成分を使用する意義がより高められるという効果を奏する。さらに、前記のより好適な無機充填材は、炭素繊維などに比較して良好な難燃性が発現するとの有利な効果を奏する。 On the other hand, since these inorganic fillers are non-petroleum resource materials compared to petroleum resource materials such as carbon fibers, raw materials with a lower environmental load are used. There exists an effect that the significance which uses C component is raised more. Furthermore, the above-mentioned more preferable inorganic filler has an advantageous effect that good flame retardancy is exhibited as compared with carbon fiber and the like.
本発明で使用できるマイカの平均粒子径は走査型電子顕微鏡により観察し、1μm以上のものを抽出した合計1000個の数平均にて算出される数平均粒子径である。その数平均粒子径は10〜500μmが好ましく、より好ましくは30〜400μm、さらに好ましくは30〜200μm、最も好ましくは35〜80μmである。数平均粒子径が10μm未満となると衝撃強度が低下する場合がある。また500μmを超えると、衝撃強度は向上するが外観が悪化しやすい。 The average particle diameter of mica that can be used in the present invention is a number average particle diameter calculated by a number average of a total of 1,000 particles observed with a scanning electron microscope and extracted those having a size of 1 μm or more. The number average particle diameter is preferably 10 to 500 μm, more preferably 30 to 400 μm, still more preferably 30 to 200 μm, and most preferably 35 to 80 μm. When the number average particle diameter is less than 10 μm, the impact strength may be lowered. On the other hand, if it exceeds 500 μm, the impact strength is improved, but the appearance tends to deteriorate.
マイカの厚みとしては、電子顕微鏡観察により実測した厚みが0.01〜10μmのものを使用できる。好ましくは0.1〜5μmのものを使用できる。アスペクト比としては5〜200、好ましくは10〜100のものを使用できる。また使用するマイカはマスコバイトマイカが好ましく、そのモース硬度は約3である。マスコバイトマイカはフロゴパイトなど他のマイカに比較してより高剛性および高強度を達成でき、より好適な自動車部品が提供される。 As the thickness of mica, one having a thickness measured by electron microscope observation of 0.01 to 10 μm can be used. Preferably 0.1-5 micrometers thing can be used. An aspect ratio of 5 to 200, preferably 10 to 100 can be used. The mica used is preferably mascobite mica, and its Mohs hardness is about 3. Muscovite mica can achieve higher rigidity and strength than other mica such as phlogopite, and more suitable automobile parts are provided.
また、マイカの粉砕法としては、マイカ原石を乾式粉砕機にて粉砕する乾式粉砕法と、マイカ原石を乾式粉砕機にて粗粉砕した後、水などの粉砕助剤を加えてスラリー状態にて湿式粉砕機で本粉砕し、その後脱水、乾燥を行う湿式粉砕法がある。本発明のマイカはいずれの粉砕法において製造されたものも使用できるが、乾式粉砕法の方が低コストで一般的である。一方湿式粉砕法は、マイカをより薄く細かく粉砕するのに有効であるがコストがかかる。マイカは、シランカップリング剤、高級脂肪酸エステル、およびワックスなどの各種表面処理剤で表面処理されていてもよく、さらに各種樹脂、高級脂肪酸エステル、およびワックスなどの集束剤で造粒し顆粒状とされていてもよい。 In addition, as a method for pulverizing mica, a dry pulverization method of pulverizing raw mica ore with a dry pulverizer, and coarsely pulverizing mica rough ore with a dry pulverizer, followed by adding a grinding aid such as water in a slurry state There is a wet pulverization method in which main pulverization is performed by a wet pulverizer, followed by dehydration and drying. The mica of the present invention can be produced by any pulverization method, but the dry pulverization method is generally lower in cost. On the other hand, the wet pulverization method is effective for pulverizing mica more thinly and finely, but is expensive. Mica may be surface-treated with various surface treatment agents such as silane coupling agents, higher fatty acid esters, and waxes, and further granulated with sizing agents such as various resins, higher fatty acid esters, and waxes to form granules. May be.
本発明で使用できるタルクとは、層状構造を持った鱗片状の粒子であり、化学組成的には含水珪酸マグネシウムであり、一般的には化学式4SiO2・3MgO・2H2Oで表され、通常SiO2を56〜65重量%、MgOを28〜35重量%、H2O約5重量%程度から構成されている。その他の少量成分としてFe2O3が0.03〜1.2重量%、Al2O3が0.05〜1.5重量%、CaOが0.05〜1.2重量%、K2Oが0.2重量%以下、Na2Oが0.2重量%以下などを含有しており、比重は約2.7、モース硬度は1である。 Talc that can be used in the present invention is a scaly particle having a layered structure, which is a hydrous magnesium silicate in terms of chemical composition, and is generally represented by the chemical formula 4SiO 2 .3MgO.2H 2 O. the SiO 2 56-65 wt%, the MgO 28 to 35 wt%, and a H 2 O about 5 wt%. As other minor components, Fe 2 O 3 is 0.03 to 1.2% by weight, Al 2 O 3 is 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, CaO is 0.05 to 1.2% by weight, K 2 O. Is 0.2 wt% or less, Na 2 O is 0.2 wt% or less, the specific gravity is about 2.7, and the Mohs hardness is 1.
本発明のタルクの平均粒子径は0.5〜30μmが好ましい。該平均粒子径はJIS M8016に従って測定したアンドレアゼンピペット法により測定した粒度分布から求めた積重率50%時の粒子径である。タルクの粒子径は2〜30μmがより好ましく、5〜20μmがさらに好ましく、10〜20μmが最も好ましい。0.5〜30μmの範囲のタルクは成形品に剛性および低異方性に加えて、良好な表面外観および難燃性を付与する。 The average particle diameter of the talc of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 30 μm. The average particle size is a particle size at a 50% stacking rate obtained from the particle size distribution measured by the Andreazen pipette method measured according to JIS M8016. The particle diameter of talc is more preferably 2 to 30 μm, further preferably 5 to 20 μm, and most preferably 10 to 20 μm. Talc in the range of 0.5 to 30 μm imparts good surface appearance and flame retardancy to the molded product in addition to rigidity and low anisotropy.
またタルクを原石から粉砕する際の製法に関しては特に制限はなく、軸流型ミル法、アニュラー型ミル法、ロールミル法、ボールミル法、ジェットミル法、および容器回転式圧縮剪断型ミル法等を利用することができる。さらに粉砕後のタルクは、各種の分級機によって分級処理され、粒子径の分布が揃ったものが好適である。分級機としては特に制限はなく、インパクタ型慣性力分級機(バリアブルインパクターなど)、コアンダ効果利用型慣性力分級機(エルボージェットなど)、遠心場分級機(多段サイクロン、ミクロプレックス、ディスパージョンセパレーター、アキュカット、ターボクラシファイア、ターボプレックス、ミクロンセパレーター、およびスーパーセパレーターなど)などを挙げることができる。 In addition, there is no particular restriction on the manufacturing method when talc is crushed from raw stone, and the axial flow mill method, the annular mill method, the roll mill method, the ball mill method, the jet mill method, the container rotary compression shearing mill method, etc. are used. can do. Further, the talc after pulverization is preferably classified by various classifiers and having a uniform particle size distribution. There are no particular restrictions on the classifier, impactor type inertial force classifier (variable impactor, etc.), Coanda effect type inertial force classifier (elbow jet, etc.), centrifugal field classifier (multistage cyclone, microplex, dispersion separator) , Accucut, Turbo Classifier, Turboplex, Micron Separator, and Super Separator).
さらにタルクは、その取り扱い性等の点で凝集状態であるものが好ましく、かかる製法としては脱気圧縮による方法、集束剤を使用し圧縮する方法等がある。特に脱気圧縮による方法が簡便かつ不要の集束剤樹脂成分を本発明の自動車部品中に混入させない点で好ましい。 Further, talc is preferably in an agglomerated state in view of its handleability and the like, and as such a production method, there are a method by deaeration compression, a method of compression using a sizing agent, and the like. In particular, the method by deaeration and compression is preferred because it is simple and does not allow unnecessary sizing agent resin components to be mixed into the automobile parts of the present invention.
また、本発明で使用できるワラストナイトは、実質的に化学式CaSiO3で表され、通常SiO2が約50重量%以上、CaOが約47重量%以上、その他Fe2O3、Al2O3等を含んでいる。ワラストナイトは、ワラストナイト原石を粉砕、分級した白色針状粉末で、モース硬度は約4.5である。使用するワラストナイトの平均繊維径は0.5〜20μmが好ましく、0.5〜10μmがより好ましく、1〜5μmが最も好ましい。該平均繊維径は走査型電子顕微鏡により観察し、0.1μm以上のものを抽出した合計1000個の数平均にて算出されるものである。 The wollastonite that can be used in the present invention is substantially represented by the chemical formula CaSiO 3 , usually SiO 2 is about 50 wt% or more, CaO is about 47 wt% or more, and other Fe 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3. Etc. Wollastonite is a white acicular powder obtained by crushing and classifying raw wollastonite, and has a Mohs hardness of about 4.5. The average fiber diameter of wollastonite used is preferably 0.5 to 20 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 10 μm, and most preferably 1 to 5 μm. The average fiber diameter is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and is calculated by a number average of a total of 1000 samples having a diameter of 0.1 μm or more extracted.
これら無機充填材には、B成分である結晶核剤としても働くものもあるが、機械特性などの改良の目的で無機充填材として用いる場合、その配合量は、ポリ乳酸(A成分)100重量部あたり、0.3〜200重量部が好ましく、1.0〜100重量部がより好ましく、3〜50重量部が最も好ましい。かかる配合量が0.3重量部より小さい場合には、本発明の成形品の機械特性に対する補強効果が十分でなく、また200重量部を超えると、成形加工性や色相が悪化するため好ましくない。 Some of these inorganic fillers also function as a crystal nucleating agent which is a B component. However, when used as an inorganic filler for the purpose of improving mechanical properties, the amount of the inorganic filler is 100% by weight of polylactic acid (A component). 0.3-200 parts by weight per part is preferred, 1.0-100 parts by weight is more preferred, and 3-50 parts by weight is most preferred. When the blending amount is less than 0.3 parts by weight, the reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties of the molded product of the present invention is not sufficient, and when it exceeds 200 parts by weight, the molding processability and hue deteriorate, which is not preferable. .
なお、本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物において、繊維状無機充填材やフレーク状無機充填材を用いる場合、それらの折れを抑制するための折れ抑制剤を含むことができる。折れ抑制剤はマトリックス樹脂と無機充填材との間の密着性を阻害し、溶融混練時に無機充填材に作用する応力を低減して無機充填材の折れを抑制する。折れ抑制剤の効果としては(1)剛性向上(無機充填材のアスペクト比が大きくなる)、(2)靭性向上、(3)導電性の向上(導電性無機充填材の場合)などを挙げることができる。折れ抑制剤は具体的には、(i)樹脂と親和性の低い化合物を無機充填材の表面に直接被覆した場合の該化合物、および(ii)樹脂と親和性の低い構造を有し、かつ無機充填材の表面と反応可能な官能基を有する化合物である。 In addition, in the resin composition which comprises the motor vehicle part of this invention, when using a fibrous inorganic filler and a flaky inorganic filler, the folding inhibitor for suppressing those folding can be included. The folding inhibitor inhibits adhesion between the matrix resin and the inorganic filler, reduces stress acting on the inorganic filler during melt kneading, and suppresses the folding of the inorganic filler. Examples of the effect of the folding inhibitor include (1) improvement of rigidity (increase in aspect ratio of inorganic filler), (2) improvement of toughness, and (3) improvement of conductivity (in the case of conductive inorganic filler). Can do. Specifically, the crease suppressor has (i) a compound having a low affinity with the resin, and (ii) a structure having a low affinity with the resin when the surface of the inorganic filler is directly coated with the compound. It is a compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the surface of the inorganic filler.
樹脂と親和性の低い化合物としては各種の滑剤を代表的に挙げることができる。滑剤としては例えば、鉱物油、合成油、高級脂肪酸エステル、高級脂肪酸アミド、ポリオルガノシロキサン(シリコーンオイル、シリコーンゴムなど)、オレフィン系ワックス(パラフィンワックス、ポリオレフィンワックスなど)、ポリアルキレングリコール、フッ素化脂肪酸エステル、トリフルオロクロロエチレン、ポリヘキサフルオロプロピレングリコールなどのフッ素オイルなどが挙げられる。 Representative examples of the compound having a low affinity for the resin include various lubricants. Examples of the lubricant include mineral oil, synthetic oil, higher fatty acid ester, higher fatty acid amide, polyorganosiloxane (silicone oil, silicone rubber, etc.), olefinic wax (paraffin wax, polyolefin wax, etc.), polyalkylene glycol, fluorinated fatty acid. Fluorine oils such as esters, trifluorochloroethylene, and polyhexafluoropropylene glycol are listed.
樹脂と親和性の低い化合物を無機充填材の表面に直接被覆する方法としては、(1)該化合物を直接、または該化合物の溶液や乳化液を無機充填材に浸漬する方法、(2)該化合物の蒸気中または粉体中に無機充填材を通過させる方法、(3)該化合物の粉体などを無機充填材に高速で照射する方法、(4)無機充填材と該化合物を擦り付けるメカノケミカル的方法などを挙げることができる。 As a method of directly coating the surface of the inorganic filler with a compound having a low affinity for the resin, (1) a method of directly immersing the compound or a solution or emulsion of the compound in the inorganic filler; A method of passing an inorganic filler in the vapor or powder of a compound, (3) a method of irradiating the inorganic filler with the powder of the compound at high speed, and (4) a mechanochemical that rubs the inorganic filler and the compound. And the like.
樹脂と親和性の低い構造を有し、かつ無機充填材の表面と反応可能な官能基を有する化合物としては、各種の官能基で修飾された前記の滑剤を挙げることができる。かかる官能基としては例えばカルボキシル基、カルボン酸無水物基、エポキシ基、オキサゾリン基、イソシアネート基、エステル基、アミノ基、アルコキシシリル基などを挙げることができる。 Examples of the compound having a structure having a low affinity with the resin and having a functional group capable of reacting with the surface of the inorganic filler include the above-described lubricants modified with various functional groups. Examples of such functional groups include a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid anhydride group, an epoxy group, an oxazoline group, an isocyanate group, an ester group, an amino group, and an alkoxysilyl group.
好適な折れ抑制剤の1つは、炭素数5以上のアルキル基が珪素原子に結合したアルコキシシラン化合物である。かかる珪素原子に結合したアルキル基の炭素数は好ましくは5〜60、より好ましくは5〜20、さらに好ましくは6〜18、特に好ましくは8〜16である。アルキル基は1または2が好適であり、特に1が好ましい。またアルコキシ基としてはメトキシ基およびエトキシ基が好適に例示される。かかるアルコキシシラン化合物は、無機充填材表面に対する反応性が高く被覆効率に優れる点で好ましい。したがってより微細な無機充填材において好適である。 One suitable folding inhibitor is an alkoxysilane compound in which an alkyl group having 5 or more carbon atoms is bonded to a silicon atom. The number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group bonded to the silicon atom is preferably 5 to 60, more preferably 5 to 20, still more preferably 6 to 18, and particularly preferably 8 to 16. The alkyl group is preferably 1 or 2, particularly preferably 1. Further, preferred examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group and an ethoxy group. Such alkoxysilane compounds are preferred in that they have high reactivity with the inorganic filler surface and excellent coating efficiency. Therefore, it is suitable for a finer inorganic filler.
好適な折れ抑制剤の1つは、カルボキシル基、およびカルボン酸無水物基から選択された少なくとも1種の官能基を有するポリオレフィンワックスである。分子量としては重量平均分子量で500〜20,000が好ましく、より好ましくは1,000〜15,000である。かかるポリオレフィンワックスにおいて、カルボキシル基およびカルボン酸無水物基の量としては、カルボキシル基およびカルボン酸無水物基から選択される少なくとも1種の官能基を有する滑剤1g当り0.05〜10meq/gの範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1〜6meq/gであり、さらに好ましくは0.5〜4meq/gである。折れ抑制剤中の官能基の割合は、カルボキシル基以外の官能基においても前記のカルボキシル基およびカルボン酸無水物基の割合と同程度であることが好ましい。 One suitable folding inhibitor is a polyolefin wax having at least one functional group selected from a carboxyl group and a carboxylic anhydride group. The molecular weight is preferably 500 to 20,000, more preferably 1,000 to 15,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight. In such a polyolefin wax, the amount of carboxyl group and carboxylic anhydride group is in the range of 0.05 to 10 meq / g per gram of lubricant having at least one functional group selected from carboxyl group and carboxylic anhydride group. Is preferable, more preferably 0.1 to 6 meq / g, and still more preferably 0.5 to 4 meq / g. It is preferable that the ratio of the functional group in the folding inhibitor is the same as the ratio of the carboxyl group and the carboxylic anhydride group in the functional group other than the carboxyl group.
折れ抑制剤として特に好ましいものとしてα−オレフィンと無水マレイン酸との共重合体を挙げることができる。かかる共重合体は、常法に従いラジカル触媒の存在下に、溶融重合あるいはバルク重合法で製造することができる。ここでα−オレフィンとしてはその炭素数が平均値として10〜60のものを好ましく挙げることができる。α−オレフィンとしてより好ましくはその炭素数が平均値として16〜60、さらに好ましくは25〜55のものを挙げることができる。 A particularly preferred example of the folding inhibitor is a copolymer of an α-olefin and maleic anhydride. Such a copolymer can be produced by melt polymerization or bulk polymerization in the presence of a radical catalyst according to a conventional method. Here, as the α-olefin, those having 10 to 60 carbon atoms as an average value can be preferably exemplified. More preferable examples of the α-olefin include those having an average carbon number of 16 to 60, and more preferably 25 to 55.
前記折れ抑制剤は本発明のポリ乳酸(A成分)100重量部当り0.01〜2重量部が好ましく、0.05〜1.5重量部がより好ましく、0.1〜0.8重量部がさらに好ましい。 The folding inhibitor is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 1.5 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid (component A) of the present invention. Is more preferable.
<D成分について>
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物において、末端封鎖剤(D成分)を更に配合すると、耐加水分解性が更に高められた成形品を得ることができる。
<About D component>
In the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, when a terminal blocker (component D) is further blended, a molded product with further improved hydrolysis resistance can be obtained.
D成分の末端封鎖剤とは、本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるポリ乳酸(A成分)のカルボキシル基末端の一部または全部と反応して封鎖する働きを示すものであり、例えば、脂肪族アルコールやアミド化合物などの縮合反応型化合物や、カルボジイミド化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物、アジリジン化合物などの付加反応型の化合物などが挙げられる。後者の付加反応型の化合物を用いれば、例えば、アルコールとカルボキシル基の脱水縮合反応による末端封鎖のように余分な副生成物を反応系外に排出する必要がない。従って、本発明の樹脂組成物を製造するにあたり、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを予め混合しておく方法をとる場合、付加反応型の末端封鎖剤を添加・混合・反応させることにより、副生成物による樹脂の分解を抑制しつつ、十分なカルボキシル基末端封鎖効果を得ることができ、実用的に十分な耐加水分解性を備えた成形品を得ることができる。 The component D end-capping agent shows a function of blocking by reacting with a part or all of the carboxyl group ends of polylactic acid (component A) in the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention. And condensation reaction type compounds such as aliphatic alcohols and amide compounds, and addition reaction type compounds such as carbodiimide compounds, epoxy compounds, oxazoline compounds, oxazine compounds, and aziridine compounds. If the latter addition reaction type compound is used, there is no need to discharge an extra by-product out of the reaction system as in the case of end-capping by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohol and carboxyl group. Therefore, in producing the resin composition of the present invention, polylactic acid units (A-1 to A-3 components) mainly composed of L-lactic acid units and polylactic acid units (A-4 to mainly composed of D-lactic acid units). A-6 component) is mixed in advance, and by adding, mixing, and reacting an addition-reaction type end-capping agent, the decomposition of the resin by the by-product is suppressed and sufficient carboxyl groups are obtained. The end capping effect can be obtained, and a molded product having practically sufficient hydrolysis resistance can be obtained.
本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤のうちカルボジイミド化合物(ポリカルボジイミド化合物を含む)としては、一般的に良く知られた方法で合成されたものを使用することができ、例えば、触媒として有機リン系化合物又は有機金属化合物を用い、各種ポリイソシアネートを約70度以上の温度で、無溶媒又は不活性溶媒中で、脱炭酸縮合反応に付することより合成することができるものを挙げることができる。 As the carbodiimide compounds (including polycarbodiimide compounds) among the end-capping agents that can be used in the present invention, those synthesized by a generally well-known method can be used. A compound that can be synthesized by subjecting various polyisocyanates to a decarboxylation condensation reaction in a solvent-free or inert solvent at a temperature of about 70 ° C. or higher is used. .
上記カルボジイミド化合物に含まれるモノカルボジイミド化合物としては、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド、ジイソプロピルカルボジイミド、ジメチルカルボジイミド、ジイソブチルカルボジイミド、ジオクチルカルボジイミド、t−ブチルイソプロピルカルボジイミド、ジフェニルカルボジイミド、ジ−t−ブチルカルボジイミド、ジ−β−ナフチルカルボジイミド等を例示することができ、これらの中では、特に工業的に入手が容易であるという面から、ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド或いはジイソプロピルカルボジイミドが好適である。 Examples of the monocarbodiimide compound contained in the carbodiimide compound include dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, diisopropylcarbodiimide, dimethylcarbodiimide, diisobutylcarbodiimide, dioctylcarbodiimide, t-butylisopropylcarbodiimide, diphenylcarbodiimide, di-t-butylcarbodiimide, di-β-naphthylcarbodiimide and the like. Of these, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide is preferred from the viewpoint of easy industrial availability.
また、上記カルボジイミド化合物に含まれるポリカルボジイミド化合物としては、種々の方法で製造したものを使用することができるが、基本的には従来のポリカルボジイミドの製造方法(米国特許第2941956号明細書、特公昭47−33279号公報、J.0rg.Chem.28, 2069−2075(1963)、Chemical Review l981,Vol.81 No.4、p619−621)により製造したものを用いることができる。 In addition, as the polycarbodiimide compound contained in the carbodiimide compound, those produced by various methods can be used. Basically, conventional polycarbodiimide production methods (US Pat. No. 2,941,956, No. 47-33279, J.0rg.Chem.28, 2069-2075 (1963), Chemical Review 981, Vol.81 No.4, p619-621) can be used.
上記ポリカルボジイミド化合物の製造における合成原料である有機ジイソシアネートとしては、例えば芳香族ジイソシアネート、脂肪族ジイソシアネート、脂環族ジイソシアネートやこれらの混合物を挙げることができ、具体的には、1,5−ナフタレンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’−ジフェニルジメチルメタンジイソシアネート、1,3−フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,4−フェニレンジイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−トリレンジイソシアネート、2,4−トリレンジイソシアネートと2,6−トリレンジイソシアネートの混合物、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、シクロヘキサン−1,4−ジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、イソホロンジイソシアネート、ジシクロヘキシルメタン−4,4’−ジイソシアネート、メチルシクロヘキサンジイソシアネート、テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート、2,6−ジイソプロピルフェニルイソシアネート、1,3,5−トリイソプロピルベンゼン−2,4−ジイソシアネート等を例示することができる。 Examples of the organic diisocyanate that is a synthetic raw material in the production of the polycarbodiimide compound include aromatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diisocyanates, alicyclic diisocyanates, and mixtures thereof. Specifically, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate. 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenyldimethylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3-phenylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 2, , 4-tolylene diisocyanate and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, isophor Diisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl isocyanate, 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene-2,4-diisocyanate, etc. be able to.
また、上記ポリカルボジイミド化合物の場合は、モノイソシアネート等の、ポリカルボジイミド化合物の末端イソシアネートと反応する化合物を用いて、適当な重合度に制御することもできる。 Moreover, in the case of the said polycarbodiimide compound, it can also control to a suitable polymerization degree using the compound which reacts with the terminal isocyanate of polycarbodiimide compound, such as monoisocyanate.
このようなポリカルボジイミド化合物の末端を封止してその重合度を制御するためのモノイソシアネートとしては、例えば、フェニルイソシアネート、トリルイソシアネート、ジメチルフェニルイソシアネート、シクロヘキシルイソシアネート、ブチルイソシアネート、ナフチルイソシアネート等を例示することができる。 Examples of the monoisocyanate for sealing the end of such a polycarbodiimide compound and controlling the degree of polymerization thereof include phenyl isocyanate, tolyl isocyanate, dimethylphenyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, butyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate and the like. be able to.
本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤のうちエポキシ化合物の例としては、例えば、N−グリシジルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4−メチルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4,5−ジメチルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−3−メチルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−3,6−ジメチルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4−エトキシフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4−クロルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4,5−ジクロルフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−3,4,5,6−テトラブロムフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−4−n−ブチル−5−ブロムフタルイミド、N−グリシジルサクシンイミド、N−グリシジルヘキサヒドロフタルイミド、N−グリシジル−1,2,3,6−テトラヒドロフタルイミド、N−グリシジルマレインイミド、N−グリシジル−α,β−ジメチルサクシンイミド、N−グリシジル−α−エチルサクシンイミド、N−グリシジル−α−プロピルサクシンイミド、N−グリシジルベンズアミド、N−グリシジル−p−メチルベンズアミド、N−グリシジルナフトアミド、N−グリシジルステラミド、N−メチル−4,5−エポキシシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−エチル−4,5−エポキシシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−フェニル−4,5−エポキシシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−ナフチル−4,5−エポキシシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸イミド、N−トリル−3−メチル−4,5−エポキシシクロヘキサン−1,2−ジカルボン酸イミド、オルソフェニルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、2−メチルオクチルグリシジルエーテル、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、3−(2−キセニルオキシ)−1,2−エポキシプロパン、アリルグリシジルエーテル、ブチルグリシジルエーテル、ラウリルグリシジルエーテル、ベンジルグリシジルエーテル、シクロヘキシルグリシジルエーテル、α−クレシルグリシジルエーテル、p−t−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、メタクリル酸グリシジルエーテル、エチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイド、スチレンオキサイド、オクチレンオキサイド、ヒドロキノンジグリシジルエーテル、レゾルシンジグリシジルエーテル、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、水添ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられ、さらには、テレフタル酸ジグリシジルエステル、テトラヒドロフタル酸ジグリシジルエステル、ヘキサヒドロフタル酸ジグリシジルエステル、フタル酸ジメチルジグリシジルエステル、フェニレンジグリシジルエーテル、エチレンジグリシジルエーテル、トリメチレンジグリシジルエーテル、テトラメチレンジグリシジルエーテル、ヘキサメチレンジグリシジルエーテルなどが挙げられる。これらのエポキシ化合物の中から1種または2種以上の化合物を任意に選択してポリ乳酸単位のカルボキシル末端を封鎖すればよいが、反応性の点でエチレンオキサイド、プロピレンオキサイド、フェニルグリシジルエーテル、オルソフェニルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、p−t−ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、N−グリシジルフタルイミド、ヒドロキノンジグリシジルエーテル、レゾルシンジグリシジルエーテル、1,6−ヘキサンジオールジグリシジルエーテル、水添ビスフェノールA−ジグリシジルエーテルなどが好ましい。 Examples of epoxy compounds among the end-capping agents that can be used in the present invention include, for example, N-glycidylphthalimide, N-glycidyl-4-methylphthalimide, N-glycidyl-4,5-dimethylphthalimide, N-glycidyl- 3-methylphthalimide, N-glycidyl-3,6-dimethylphthalimide, N-glycidyl-4-ethoxyphthalimide, N-glycidyl-4-chlorophthalimide, N-glycidyl-4,5-dichlorophthalimide, N-glycidyl- 3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalimide, N-glycidyl-4-n-butyl-5-bromophthalimide, N-glycidylsuccinimide, N-glycidylhexahydrophthalimide, N-glycidyl-1,2,3 6-tetrahydrophthalimide, N-glycidyl male N-glycidyl-α, β-dimethylsuccinimide, N-glycidyl-α-ethylsuccinimide, N-glycidyl-α-propylsuccinimide, N-glycidylbenzamide, N-glycidyl-p-methylbenzamide, N- Glycidylnaphthamide, N-glycidylsteramide, N-methyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic imide, N-ethyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic imide, N- Phenyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic imide, N-naphthyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic imide, N-tolyl-3-methyl-4,5-epoxycyclohexane -1,2-dicarboxylic acid imide, orthophenyl phenylglycol Sidyl ether, 2-methyloctyl glycidyl ether, phenyl glycidyl ether, 3- (2-xenyloxy) -1,2-epoxypropane, allyl glycidyl ether, butyl glycidyl ether, lauryl glycidyl ether, benzyl glycidyl ether, cyclohexyl glycidyl ether, α -Cresyl glycidyl ether, pt-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl methacrylate ether, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, octylene oxide, hydroquinone diglycidyl ether, resorcin diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol di Glycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, and the like. Diester, tetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, hexahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, phthalic acid dimethyl diglycidyl ester, phenylene diglycidyl ether, ethylene diglycidyl ether, trimethylene diglycidyl ether, tetramethylene diglycidyl ether, hexamethylene di Examples thereof include glycidyl ether. One or more compounds selected from these epoxy compounds may be arbitrarily selected to block the carboxyl terminal of the polylactic acid unit, but in terms of reactivity, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, phenyl glycidyl ether, ortho Preferred are phenylphenyl glycidyl ether, pt-butylphenyl glycidyl ether, N-glycidyl phthalimide, hydroquinone diglycidyl ether, resorcin diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, hydrogenated bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, and the like. .
本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤のうちオキサゾリン化合物の例としては、例えば、2−メトキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−エトキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−プロポキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−ブトキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−ペンチルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−ヘキシルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−ヘプチルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−オクチルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−ノニルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−デシルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−シクロペンチルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−シクロヘキシルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−アリルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−メタアリルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−クロチルオキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−フェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−クレジル−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−エチルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−プロピルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−フェニルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−m−エチルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−m−プロピルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−p−フェニルフェノキシ−2−オキサゾリン、2−メチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−エチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−プロピル−2−オキサゾリン、2−ブチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−ペンチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−ヘキシル−2−オキサゾリン、2−ヘプチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−オクチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−ノニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−デシル−2−オキサゾリン、2−シクロペンチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−シクロヘキシル−2−オキサゾリン、2−アリル−2−オキサゾリン、2−メタアリル−2−オキサゾリン、2−クロチル−2−オキサゾリン、2−フェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−エチルフェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−プロピルフェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−o−フェニルフェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−m−エチルフェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−m−プロピルフェニル−2−オキサゾリン、2−p−フェニルフェニル−2−オキサゾリンなどが挙げられ、さらには、2,2′−ビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−メチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4,4′−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−エチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4,4′−ジエチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−プロピル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−ブチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−ヘキシル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−フェニル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−シクロヘキシル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ビス(4−ベンジル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−p−フェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−m−フェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−o−フェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−p−フェニレンビス(4−メチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−p−フェニレンビス(4,4′−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−m−フェニレンビス(4−メチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−m−フェニレンビス(4,4′−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−エチレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−テトラメチレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ヘキサメチレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−オクタメチレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−デカメチレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−エチレンビス(4−メチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−テトラメチレンビス(4,4′−ジメチル−2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−9,9′−ジフェノキシエタンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−シクロヘキシレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)、2,2′−ジフェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)などが挙げられる。さらには、上記した化合物をモノマー単位として含むポリオキサゾリン化合物など、例えばスチレン・2−イソプロペニル−2−オキサゾリン共重合体などが挙げられる。これらのオキサゾリン化合物の中から1種または2種以上の化合物を任意に選択してポリ乳酸単位のカルボキシル末端を封鎖すればよい。 Examples of oxazoline compounds among the end-capping agents that can be used in the present invention include, for example, 2-methoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-ethoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-propoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-butoxy-2 -Oxazoline, 2-pentyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-hexyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-heptyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-octyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-nonyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-decyloxy -2-oxazoline, 2-cyclopentyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-cyclohexyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-allyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-methallyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2-crotyloxy-2-oxazoline, 2 -Phenoxy-2-oxazo , 2-cresyl-2-oxazoline, 2-o-ethylphenoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-o-propylphenoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-o-phenylphenoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-m-ethylphenoxy- 2-oxazoline, 2-m-propylphenoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-p-phenylphenoxy-2-oxazoline, 2-methyl-2-oxazoline, 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 2-propyl-2-oxazoline, 2-butyl-2-oxazoline, 2-pentyl-2-oxazoline, 2-hexyl-2-oxazoline, 2-heptyl-2-oxazoline, 2-octyl-2-oxazoline, 2-nonyl-2-oxazoline, 2- Decyl-2-oxazoline, 2-cyclopentyl-2-oxazoline, 2-cycl Hexyl-2-oxazoline, 2-allyl-2-oxazoline, 2-methallyl-2-oxazoline, 2-crotyl-2-oxazoline, 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-o-ethylphenyl-2-oxazoline, 2 -O-propylphenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-o-phenylphenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-m-ethylphenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-m-propylphenyl-2-oxazoline, 2-p-phenylphenyl- 2-oxazoline and the like, and further, 2,2'-bis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-methyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4,4 ' -Dimethyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-ethyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4,4'-diethyl-2) -Oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-propyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-butyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-hexyl-2-oxazoline) ), 2,2'-bis (4-phenyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-cyclohexyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis (4-benzyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-p-phenylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-m-phenylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-o-phenylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'- p-phenylenebis (4-methyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-p-phenylenebis (4,4'-dimethyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-m-phenylenebis (4-methyl- 2-oxazoline), , 2'-m-phenylenebis (4,4'-dimethyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-ethylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-tetramethylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2, 2'-hexamethylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-octamethylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-decamethylenebis (2-oxazoline), 2,2'-ethylenebis (4- Methyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2′-tetramethylenebis (4,4′-dimethyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2′-9,9′-diphenoxyethanebis (2-oxazoline), 2, Examples thereof include 2'-cyclohexylenebis (2-oxazoline) and 2,2'-diphenylenebis (2-oxazoline). Furthermore, a polyoxazoline compound containing the above-described compound as a monomer unit, such as a styrene-2-isopropenyl-2-oxazoline copolymer, can be mentioned. One or more compounds may be arbitrarily selected from these oxazoline compounds to block the carboxyl terminal of the polylactic acid unit.
本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤のうちオキサジン化合物の例としては、例えば、2−メトキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−エトキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−プロポキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−ブトキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−ペンチルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−ヘキシルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−ヘプチルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−オクチルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−ノニルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−デシルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−シクロペンチルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−シクロヘキシルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−アリルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−メタアリルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン、2−クロチルオキシ−5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジンなどが挙げられ、さらには、2,2′−ビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−メチレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−エチレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−プロピレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−ブチレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−ヘキサメチレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−p−フェニレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−m−フェニレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−ナフチレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)、2,2′−P,P′−ジフェニレンビス(5,6−ジヒドロ−4H−1,3−オキサジン)などが挙げられる。さらには、上記した化合物をモノマー単位として含むポリオキサジン化合物などが挙げられる。これらのオキサジン化合物の中から1種または2種以上の化合物を任意に選択してポリ乳酸単位のカルボキシル末端を封鎖すればよい。 Examples of the oxazine compound among the end-capping agents that can be used in the present invention include, for example, 2-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-ethoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H. -1,3-oxazine, 2-propoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-butoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-pentyloxy-5 6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-hexyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-heptyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-octyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-nonyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-decyloxy-5,6-dihydro 4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-cyclopentyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-cyclohexyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-allyloxy- 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-methallyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine, 2-crotyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3- Oxazine and the like, and 2,2'-bis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2'-methylenebis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3- Oxazine), 2,2'-ethylenebis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2'-propylenebis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2 , 2 ' Butylene bis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2′-hexamethylene bis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2′-p-phenylene bis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2'-m-phenylenebis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2'-naphthylenebis (5 6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine), 2,2'-P, P'-diphenylenebis (5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazine) and the like. Furthermore, the polyoxazine compound etc. which contain an above-described compound as a monomer unit are mentioned. One or two or more compounds may be arbitrarily selected from these oxazine compounds to block the carboxyl terminal of the polylactic acid unit.
更には、既に例示したオキサゾリン化合物および上述のオキサジン化合物などの中から1種または2種以上の化合物を任意に選択し併用してポリ乳酸のカルボキシル末端を封鎖してもよいが、耐熱性および反応性や脂肪族ポリエステルとの親和性の点で2,2′−m−フェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)や2,2′−p−フェニレンビス(2−オキサゾリン)が好ましい。 Further, one or more compounds selected from the oxazoline compounds exemplified above and the above-mentioned oxazine compounds may be arbitrarily selected and used together to block the carboxyl end of polylactic acid. 2,2′-m-phenylenebis (2-oxazoline) and 2,2′-p-phenylenebis (2-oxazoline) are preferable from the viewpoints of affinity and affinity with aliphatic polyester.
本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤のうちアジリジン化合物の例としては、例えば、モノ,ビスあるいはポリイソシアネート化合物とエチレンイミンとの付加反応物などが挙げられる。 Examples of the aziridine compound among the end-capping agents that can be used in the present invention include, for example, an addition reaction product of a mono-, bis- or polyisocyanate compound and ethyleneimine.
また、本発明に用いることのできる末端封鎖剤として上述したカルボジイミド化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物、アジリジン化合物などの化合物うち、2種以上の化合物を末端封鎖剤として併用することもできる。 Moreover, 2 or more types of compounds can also be used together as a terminal blocker among compounds, such as the carbodiimide compound mentioned above as an end blocker which can be used for this invention, an epoxy compound, an oxazoline compound, an oxazine compound, and an aziridine compound.
本発明のポリ乳酸樹脂組成物では、用途に応じて適度にカルボキシル末端基の封鎖を行えばよいが、具体的なカルボキシル基末端封鎖の程度としてはポリ乳酸単位のカルボキシル基末端の濃度が10当量/103 kg以下であることが耐加水分解性向上の点から好ましく、6当量/103kg以下であることがさらに好ましい。 In the polylactic acid resin composition of the present invention, the carboxyl end group may be appropriately blocked according to the use. As a specific degree of carboxyl group end blocking, the concentration of the carboxyl group end of the polylactic acid unit is 10 equivalents. / 10 3 kg or less is preferable from the viewpoint of improving hydrolysis resistance, and more preferably 6 equivalents / 10 3 kg or less.
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物におけるポリ乳酸(A成分)のカルボキシル基末端を封鎖する方法としては、縮合反応型あるいは付加反応型などの末端封鎖剤を反応させればよく、縮合反応によりカルボキシル基末端を封鎖する方法としては、ポリマー重合時に重合系内に脂肪族アルコールやアミド化合物などの縮合反応型の末端封鎖剤を適量添加して減圧化で脱水縮合反応させるなどしてカルボキシル基末端を封鎖することができるが、ポリマーの高重合度化の観点から、重合反応終了時に縮合反応型の末端封鎖剤を添加することが好ましい。 As a method of blocking the carboxyl group terminal of polylactic acid (component A) in the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, a condensation reaction type or addition reaction type terminal blocking agent may be reacted. As a method for blocking the carboxyl group terminal by the addition of a suitable amount of a condensation reaction type terminal blocking agent such as an aliphatic alcohol or an amide compound in the polymerization system at the time of polymer polymerization, a dehydration condensation reaction is performed under reduced pressure, etc. The terminal can be blocked, but from the viewpoint of increasing the degree of polymerization of the polymer, it is preferable to add a condensation reaction type terminal blocking agent at the end of the polymerization reaction.
付加反応によりカルボキシル基末端を封鎖する方法としては、ポリ乳酸の溶融状態でカルボジイミド化合物、エポキシ化合物、オキサゾリン化合物、オキサジン化合物、アジリジン化合物などの末端封鎖剤を適量反応させることで得ることができ、ポリマーの重合反応終了後に末端封鎖剤を添加・反応させることが可能であるが、主としてL−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−1〜A−3成分)と、主としてD−乳酸単位からなるポリ乳酸単位(A−4〜A−6成分)とを、予め混合しておく場合には、その際に併せて添加する方法や、両ポリ乳酸単位を混合する前に、それぞれのポリ乳酸単位中に予め混合しておく方法、更にすの成分を一括混合する際に併せて混合する方法をとることもができる。 As a method for blocking the carboxyl group terminal by addition reaction, it can be obtained by reacting an appropriate amount of a terminal blocking agent such as a carbodiimide compound, an epoxy compound, an oxazoline compound, an oxazine compound, or an aziridine compound in the molten state of polylactic acid. It is possible to add and react the end-capping agent after the polymerization reaction of the poly (lactic acid) unit, but the polylactic acid unit (components A-1 to A-3) mainly composed of L-lactic acid units and the polycrystal mainly composed of D-lactic acid units. In the case where lactic acid units (components A-4 to A-6) are mixed in advance, a method of adding them together, or before mixing both polylactic acid units, in each polylactic acid unit In addition, it is possible to take a method of mixing in advance, and a method of mixing the components of the soot together.
この末端封鎖剤(D成分)の含有量はポリ乳酸成分(A成分)100重量部当り、0.01〜5重量部であり、好ましくは0.05〜4重量部、より好ましくは0.1〜3重量部である。 The content of the endblocker (component D) is 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.05 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 parts per 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid component (component A). ~ 3 parts by weight.
<その他の成分について>
(i)難燃剤
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物には、難燃剤を配合することもできる。難燃剤としては、臭素化エポキシ樹脂、臭素化ポリスチレン、臭素化ポリカーボネート、臭素化ポリアクリレート、および塩素化ポリエチレンなどのハロゲン系難燃剤、モノホスフェート化合物およびホスフェートオリゴマー化合物などのリン酸エステル系難燃剤、ホスホネートオリゴマー化合物、ホスホニトリルオリゴマー化合物、ホスホン酸アミド化合物などのリン酸エステル系難燃剤以外の有機リン系難燃剤、有機スルホン酸アルカリ(土類)金属塩、ホウ酸金属塩系難燃剤、および錫酸金属塩系難燃剤などの有機金属塩系難燃剤、並びにシリコーン系難燃剤等が挙げられる。また別途、難燃助剤(例えば、アンチモン酸ナトリウム、三酸化アンチモン等)や滴下防止剤(フィブリル形成能を有するポリテトラフルオロエチレン等)等を配合し、難燃剤と併用してもよい。
<About other ingredients>
(I) Flame retardant A flame retardant can also be mix | blended with the resin composition which comprises the motor vehicle part of this invention. Flame retardants include brominated epoxy resins, brominated polystyrenes, brominated polycarbonates, brominated polyacrylates, halogenated flame retardants such as chlorinated polyethylene, and phosphate ester flame retardants such as monophosphate compounds and phosphate oligomer compounds, Organophosphorous flame retardants other than phosphate ester flame retardants such as phosphonate oligomer compounds, phosphonitrile oligomer compounds, phosphonic acid amide compounds, organic sulfonate alkali (earth) metal salts, borate metal salt flame retardants, and tin Examples include organic metal salt flame retardants such as acid metal salt flame retardants, and silicone flame retardants. Separately, a flame retardant aid (for example, sodium antimonate, antimony trioxide, etc.), an anti-drip agent (polytetrafluoroethylene having fibril-forming ability, etc.), etc. may be blended and used together with the flame retardant.
上述の難燃剤の中でも、塩素原子および臭素原子を含有しない化合物は、焼却廃棄やサーマルリサイクルを行う際に好ましくないとされる要因が低減されることから、環境負荷の低減をも1つの特徴とする本発明の成形品における難燃剤としてより好適である。 Among the above-mentioned flame retardants, compounds that do not contain chlorine and bromine atoms have reduced features that are undesirable when performing incineration and thermal recycling. It is more suitable as a flame retardant in the molded article of the present invention.
さらにリン酸エステル系難燃剤は、良好な色相が得られること、成形加工性を高める効果も発現することから特に好ましい。リン酸エステル系難燃剤の具体例としては、特に下記一般式(ii)で表される1種または2種以上のリン酸エステル化合物を挙げることができる。 Furthermore, the phosphate ester flame retardant is particularly preferable because a good hue can be obtained and an effect of improving molding processability is also exhibited. Specific examples of the phosphate ester flame retardant include one or more phosphate ester compounds represented by the following general formula (ii).
さらに好ましいものとしては、上記式中のXが、ハイドロキノン、レゾルシノール、ビスフェノールA、およびジヒドロキシジフェニルから誘導される基が挙げられ、nは1〜3の整数であり、またはn数の異なるリン酸エステルのブレンドの場合はその平均値であり、R11、R12、R13、およびR14はそれぞれ独立して1個以上のハロゲン原子を置換したもしくはより好適には置換していないフェノール、クレゾール、キシレノールから誘導される基である。 More preferable examples include groups in which X in the above formula is derived from hydroquinone, resorcinol, bisphenol A, and dihydroxydiphenyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, or a different number of phosphate esters. In the case of blends of R, R 11, R 12, R 13, and R 14 are each independently derived from phenol, cresol, or xylenol that is substituted or more preferably substituted with one or more halogen atoms. It is a group.
かかる有機リン酸エステル系難燃剤の中でも、ホスフェート化合物としてはトリフェニルホスフェート、ホスフェートオリゴマーとしてはレゾルシノールビス(ジキシレニルホスフェート)およびビスフェノールAビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)が耐加水分解性などにも優れるため好ましく使用できる。さらに好ましいのは、耐熱性などの点からレゾルシノールビス(ジキシレニルホスフェート)およびビスフェノールAビス(ジフェニルホスフェート)である。これらは耐熱性も良好であるためそれらが熱劣化したり揮発するなどの弊害がないためである。 Among such organic phosphate ester flame retardants, triphenyl phosphate is preferable as a phosphate compound, and resorcinol bis (dixylenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) are preferable as phosphate oligomers because of their excellent hydrolysis resistance. Can be used. More preferable are resorcinol bis (dixylenyl phosphate) and bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) from the viewpoint of heat resistance. This is because they have good heat resistance and are free from adverse effects such as thermal deterioration and volatilization.
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物において、これら難燃剤を配合する場合には、ポリ乳酸(A成分)100重量部当たり0.05〜50重量部の範囲が好ましい。0.05重量部未満では十分な難燃性が発現せず、50重量部を超えると成形品の強度や耐熱性などを損なう。 In the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, when these flame retardants are blended, the range of 0.05 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (component A) is preferable. If it is less than 0.05 part by weight, sufficient flame retardancy will not be exhibited, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the strength and heat resistance of the molded product will be impaired.
(ii)熱安定剤
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物においては、さらに良好な色相かつ安定した流動性を得るため、リン系安定剤を含有することが好ましい。殊にリン系安定剤として、下記一般式(iii)に示すペンタエリスリトール型ホスファイト化合物を配合することが好ましい。
(Ii) Thermal stabilizer The resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention preferably contains a phosphorus-based stabilizer in order to obtain a better hue and stable fluidity. In particular, a pentaerythritol-type phosphite compound represented by the following general formula (iii) is preferably blended as a phosphorus stabilizer.
前記ペンタエリスリトール型ホスファイト化合物としては、より具体的には、例えば、ジステアリルペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−エチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、フェニルビスフェノールAペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ビス(ノニルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、ジシクロヘキシルペンタエリスリトールジホスファイトなどが挙げられ、中でも好適には、ジステアリルペンタエリスリトールジホスファイト、およびビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ペンタエリスリトールジホスファイトが挙げられる。 More specifically, examples of the pentaerythritol type phosphite compound include distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, and bis (2,6 -Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, phenylbisphenol A pentaerythritol diphosphite, Bis (nonylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, dicyclohexylpentaerythritol diphosphite, and the like are preferable. Among them, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite and bis (2,4-di-te) are preferable. Include t- butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.
他のリン系安定剤としては、前記以外の各種ホスファイト化合物、ホスホナイト化合物、およびホスフェート化合物が挙げられる。 Examples of other phosphorus stabilizers include various other phosphite compounds, phosphonite compounds, and phosphate compounds.
ホスファイト化合物としては、例えば、トリフェニルホスファイト、トリス(ノニルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリデシルホスファイト、トリオクチルホスファイト、トリオクタデシルホスファイト、ジデシルモノフェニルホスファイト、ジオクチルモノフェニルホスファイト、ジイソプロピルモノフェニルホスファイト、モノブチルジフェニルホスファイト、モノデシルジフェニルホスファイト、モノオクチルジフェニルホスファイト、2,2−メチレンビス(4,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)オクチルホスファイト、トリス(ジエチルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(ジ−iso−プロピルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(ジ−n−ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト、トリス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト、およびトリス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ホスファイトなどが挙げられる。 Examples of the phosphite compound include triphenyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, tridecyl phosphite, trioctyl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, didecyl monophenyl phosphite, dioctyl monophenyl phosphite, diisopropyl Monophenyl phosphite, monobutyl diphenyl phosphite, monodecyl diphenyl phosphite, monooctyl diphenyl phosphite, 2,2-methylenebis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) octyl phosphite, tris (diethylphenyl) phos Phyto, tris (di-iso-propylphenyl) phosphite, tris (di-n-butylphenyl) phosphite, tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite Ito, and tris (2,6-di -tert- butylphenyl) phosphite and the like.
さらに他のホスファイト化合物としては二価フェノール類と反応し環状構造を有するものも使用できる。例えば、2,2’−メチレンビス(4,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)ホスファイト、2,2’−メチレンビス(4,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)(2−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェニル)ホスファイト、2,2’−メチレンビス(4−メチル−6−tert−ブチルフェニル)(2−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェニル)ホスファイト、2,2’−エチリデンビス(4−メチル−6−tert−ブチルフェニル)(2−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェニル)ホスファイトなどを挙げることができる。
Still other phosphite compounds that react with dihydric phenols and have a cyclic structure can be used. For example, 2,2′-methylenebis (4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 2,2′-methylenebis (4,6-di-tert- Butylphenyl) (2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl) phosphite, 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenyl) (2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)
ホスフェート化合物としては、トリブチルホスフェート、トリメチルホスフェート、トリクレジルホスフェート、トリフェニルホスフェート、トリクロルフェニルホスフェート、トリエチルホスフェート、ジフェニルクレジルホスフェート、ジフェニルモノオルソキセニルホスフェート、トリブトキシエチルホスフェート、ジブチルホスフェート、ジオクチルホスフェート、ジイソプロピルホスフェートなどを挙げることができ、好ましくはトリフェニルホスフェート、トリメチルホスフェートである。 Examples of the phosphate compound include tributyl phosphate, trimethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, trichlorophenyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, diphenyl monoorxenyl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate, dibutyl phosphate, dioctyl phosphate, Examples thereof include diisopropyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphate are preferable.
ホスホナイト化合物としては、テトラキス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4,4’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、テトラキス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4,3’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、テトラキス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−3,3’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、テトラキス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4,4’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、テトラキス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4,3’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、テトラキス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−3,3’−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイト、ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−3−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−n−ブチルフェニル)−3−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−4−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイト、ビス(2,6−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−3−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイト等があげられ、テトラキス(ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、ビス(ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイトが好ましく、テトラキス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−ビフェニレンジホスホナイト、ビス(2,4−ジ−tert−ブチルフェニル)−フェニル−フェニルホスホナイトがより好ましい。かかるホスホナイト化合物は上記アルキル基が2以上置換したアリール基を有するホスファイト化合物との併用可能であり好ましい。 Examples of the phosphonite compound include tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4′-biphenylenediphosphonite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,3′-biphenylenedi. Phosphonite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -3,3′-biphenylenediphosphonite, tetrakis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,4′-biphenylenediphosphonite Tetrakis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4,3′-biphenylene diphosphonite, tetrakis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) -3,3′-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -4-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, bis (2,4-di tert-butylphenyl) -3-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, bis (2,6-di-n-butylphenyl) -3-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl)- 4-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl) -3-phenyl-phenylphosphonite, and the like, and tetrakis (di-tert-butylphenyl) -biphenylenediphosphonite, bis (Di-tert-butylphenyl) -phenyl-phenylphosphonite is preferred, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) -biphenylenediphosphonite, bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)- More preferred is phenyl-phenylphosphonite. Such a phosphonite compound is preferable because it can be used in combination with a phosphite compound having an aryl group in which two or more alkyl groups are substituted.
ホスホネイト化合物としては、ベンゼンホスホン酸ジメチル、ベンゼンホスホン酸ジエチル、およびベンゼンホスホン酸ジプロピル等が挙げられる。 Examples of the phosphonate compound include dimethyl benzenephosphonate, diethyl benzenephosphonate, and dipropyl benzenephosphonate.
上記のリン系安定剤は、単独でまたは2種以上を併用して使用することができ、少なくともペンタエリスリトール型ホスファイト化合物を有効量配合することが好ましい。リン系安定剤はポリ乳酸(A成分)100重量部当たり、好ましくは0.001〜1重量部、より好ましくは0.01〜0.5重量部、さらに好ましくは0.01〜0.3重量部配合される。 Said phosphorus stabilizer can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types, It is preferable to mix | blend an effective amount of a pentaerythritol type | mold phosphite compound at least. The phosphorus stabilizer is preferably 0.001 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 part by weight, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.3 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (component A). Partly formulated.
(iii)弾性重合体
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物には、衝撃改良剤として弾性重合体を使用することができ、弾性重合体の例としては、ガラス転移温度が10℃以下のゴム成分に、芳香族ビニル、シアン化ビニル、アクリル酸エステル、メタクリル酸エステル、およびこれらと共重合可能なビニル化合物から選択されたモノマーの1種または2種以上が共重合されたグラフト共重合体を挙げることができる。より好適な弾性重合体は、ゴム成分のコアに前記モノマーの1種または2種以上のシェルがグラフト共重合されたコア−シェル型のグラフト共重合体である。
(Iii) Elastic polymer In the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, an elastic polymer can be used as an impact modifier. Examples of the elastic polymer include a glass transition temperature of 10 ° C. or lower. Graft copolymer in which one or more monomers selected from aromatic vinyl, vinyl cyanide, acrylic ester, methacrylic ester, and vinyl compounds copolymerizable therewith are copolymerized with rubber component Can be mentioned. A more preferable elastic polymer is a core-shell type graft copolymer in which one or more shells of the above-mentioned monomer are graft-copolymerized on the core of the rubber component.
またかかるゴム成分と上記モノマーのブロック共重合体も挙げられる。かかるブロック共重合体としては具体的にはスチレン・エチレンプロピレン・スチレンエラストマー(水添スチレン・イソプレン・スチレンエラストマー)、および水添スチレン・ブタジエン・スチレンエラストマーなどの熱可塑性エラストマーを挙げることができる。さらに他の熱可塑性エラストマーして知られている各種の弾性重合体、例えばポリウレタンエラストマー、ポリエステルエラストマー、ポリエーテルアミドエラストマー等を使用することも可能である。 Moreover, the rubber component and the block copolymer of the said monomer are also mentioned. Specific examples of such block copolymers include thermoplastic elastomers such as styrene / ethylenepropylene / styrene elastomers (hydrogenated styrene / isoprene / styrene elastomers) and hydrogenated styrene / butadiene / styrene elastomers. Furthermore, various elastic polymers known as other thermoplastic elastomers such as polyurethane elastomers, polyester elastomers, polyether amide elastomers and the like can also be used.
衝撃改良剤としてより好適なのはコア−シェル型のグラフト共重合体である。コア−シェル型のグラフト共重合体において、そのコアの粒径は重量平均粒子径において0.05〜0.8μmが好ましく、0.1〜0.6μmがより好ましく、0.1〜0.5μmがさらに好ましい。0.05〜0.8μmの範囲であればより良好な耐衝撃性が達成される。弾性重合体は、ゴム成分を40%以上含有するものが好ましく、60%以上含有するものがさらに好ましい。 A core-shell type graft copolymer is more suitable as an impact modifier. In the core-shell type graft copolymer, the core particle size is preferably 0.05 to 0.8 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 μm in weight average particle size. Is more preferable. If it is in the range of 0.05 to 0.8 μm, better impact resistance is achieved. The elastic polymer preferably contains 40% or more of a rubber component, and more preferably contains 60% or more.
ゴム成分としては、ブタジエンゴム、ブタジエン−アクリル複合ゴム、アクリルゴム、アクリル−シリコーン複合ゴム、イソブチレン−シリコーン複合ゴム、イソプレンゴム、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、エチレン−プロピレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、エチレン−アクリルゴム、シリコーンゴム、エピクロロヒドリンゴム、フッ素ゴムおよびこれらの不飽和結合部分に水素が添加されたものを挙げることができるが、燃焼時の有害物質の発生懸念という点から、ハロゲン原子を含まないゴム成分が環境負荷の面において好ましい。 Rubber components include butadiene rubber, butadiene-acrylic composite rubber, acrylic rubber, acrylic-silicone composite rubber, isobutylene-silicone composite rubber, isoprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene- Acrylic rubber, silicone rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, fluororubber, and those in which hydrogen is added to these unsaturated bonds may include halogen atoms because of concerns about the generation of harmful substances during combustion. No rubber component is preferable in terms of environmental load.
ゴム成分のガラス転移温度は好ましくは−10℃以下、より好ましくは−30℃以下であり、ゴム成分としては特にブタジエンゴム、ブタジエン−アクリル複合ゴム、アクリルゴム、アクリル−シリコーン複合ゴムが好ましい。複合ゴムとは、2種のゴム成分を共重合したゴムまたは分離できないよう相互に絡み合ったIPN構造をとるように重合したゴムをいう。 The glass transition temperature of the rubber component is preferably −10 ° C. or lower, more preferably −30 ° C. or lower. As the rubber component, butadiene rubber, butadiene-acrylic composite rubber, acrylic rubber, and acrylic-silicone composite rubber are particularly preferable. The composite rubber is a rubber obtained by copolymerizing two kinds of rubber components or a rubber polymerized so as to have an IPN structure entangled with each other so as not to be separated.
ゴム成分に共重合するビニル化合物における芳香族ビニルとしては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、p−メチルスチレン、アルコキシスチレン、ハロゲン化スチレン等を挙げることができ、特にスチレンが好ましい。またアクリル酸エステルとしては、アクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸シクロヘキシル、アクリル酸オクチル等を挙げることができ、メタアクリル酸エステルとしては、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチル、メタクリル酸シクロヘキシル、メタクリル酸オクチル等を挙げることができ、メタクリル酸メチルが特に好ましい。これらの中でも特にメタクリル酸メチルなどのメタアクリル酸エステルを必須成分として含有することが好ましい。より具体的には、メタアクリル酸エステルはグラフト成分100重量%中(コア−シェル型重合体の場合にはシェル100重量%中)、好ましくは10重量%以上、より好ましくは15重量%以上含有される。 Examples of the aromatic vinyl in the vinyl compound copolymerized with the rubber component include styrene, α-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, alkoxystyrene, halogenated styrene and the like, and styrene is particularly preferable. Examples of acrylic esters include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, etc., and examples of methacrylic esters include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid. Examples thereof include butyl, cyclohexyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate and the like, and methyl methacrylate is particularly preferable. Among these, it is particularly preferable to contain a methacrylic acid ester such as methyl methacrylate as an essential component. More specifically, the methacrylic acid ester is contained in 100% by weight of the graft component (in the case of 100% by weight of the shell in the case of the core-shell type polymer), preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more. Is done.
ガラス転移温度が10℃以下のゴム成分を含有する弾性重合体は、塊状重合、溶液重合、懸濁重合、乳化重合のいずれの重合法で製造したものであってもよく、共重合の方式は一段グラフトであっても多段グラフトであっても差し支えない。また製造の際に副生するグラフト成分のみのコポリマーとの混合物であってもよい。さらに重合法としては一般的な乳化重合法の他、過硫酸カリウム等の開始剤を使用するソープフリー重合法、シード重合法、二段階膨潤重合法等を挙げることができる。また懸濁重合法において、水相とモノマー相とを個別に保持して両者を正確に連続式の分散機に供給し、粒子径を分散機の回転数で制御する方法、および連続式の製造方法において分散能を有する水性液体中にモノマー相を数〜数十μm径の細径オリフィスまたは多孔質フィルターを通すことにより供給し粒径を制御する方法などを行ってもよい。コア−シェル型のグラフト重合体の場合、その反応はコアおよびシェル共に、1段であっても多段であってもよい。 The elastic polymer containing a rubber component having a glass transition temperature of 10 ° C. or less may be produced by any polymerization method including bulk polymerization, solution polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. It can be a single-stage graft or a multi-stage graft. Moreover, the mixture with the copolymer of only the graft component byproduced in the case of manufacture may be sufficient. Furthermore, examples of the polymerization method include a general emulsion polymerization method, a soap-free polymerization method using an initiator such as potassium persulfate, a seed polymerization method, and a two-stage swelling polymerization method. In the suspension polymerization method, the aqueous phase and the monomer phase are individually maintained, both are accurately supplied to the continuous disperser, and the particle diameter is controlled by the rotation speed of the disperser, and the continuous production is performed. In the method, a method may be used in which the monomer phase is supplied by passing it through a fine orifice having a diameter of several to several tens of μm or a porous filter in an aqueous liquid having dispersibility to control the particle size. In the case of a core-shell type graft polymer, the reaction may be one stage or multistage for both the core and the shell.
かかる弾性重合体は市販されており容易に入手することが可能である。例えばゴム成分として、ブタジエンゴム、アクリルゴムまたはブタジエン−アクリル複合ゴムを主体とするものとしては、鐘淵化学工業(株)のカネエースBシリーズ(例えばB−56など)、三菱レイヨン(株)のメタブレンCシリーズ(例えばC−223Aなど)、Wシリーズ(例えばW−450Aなど)、呉羽化学工業(株)のパラロイドEXLシリーズ(例えばEXL−2602など)、HIAシリーズ(例えばHIA−15など)、BTAシリーズ(例えばBTA−IIIなど)、KCAシリーズ、ローム・アンド・ハース社のパラロイドEXLシリーズ、KMシリーズ(例えばKM−336P、KM−357Pなど)、並びに宇部サイコン(株)のUCLモディファイヤーレジンシリーズ(ユーエムジー・エービーエス(株)のUMG AXSレジンシリーズ)などが挙げられ、ゴム成分としてアクリル−シリコーン複合ゴムを主体とするものとしては三菱レイヨン(株)よりメタブレンS−2001あるいはSRK−200という商品名で市販されているものが挙げられる。 Such elastic polymers are commercially available and can be easily obtained. For example, as rubber components mainly composed of butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber or butadiene-acrylic composite rubber, Kane Ace B series (for example, B-56 etc.) of Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and Metabrene of Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. C series (for example, C-223A), W series (for example, W-450A), paraloid EXL series (for example, EXL-2602) by Kureha Chemical Industry, HIA series (for example, HIA-15), BTA series (E.g., BTA-III), KCA series, Rohm and Haas Paraloid EXL series, KM series (e.g., KM-336P, KM-357P, etc.), and UCL modifier resin series (UMG)・ ABS's MG AXS Resin Series) and the like, and those mainly composed of acrylic-silicone composite rubber as the rubber component are those commercially available from Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. under the trade name Methbrene S-2001 or SRK-200. It is done.
衝撃改良剤の組成割合は、ポリ乳酸(A成分)100重量部あたり0.2〜50重量部が好ましく、1〜30重量部が好ましく、1.5〜20重量部がより好ましい。かかる組成範囲は、剛性の低下を抑制しつつ組成物に良好な耐衝撃性を与えることができる。 The composition ratio of the impact modifier is preferably 0.2 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight, and more preferably 1.5 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (component A). Such a composition range can give good impact resistance to the composition while suppressing a decrease in rigidity.
(iv)その他の添加剤
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物には、本発明の効果を発揮する範囲で、他の熱可塑性樹脂(例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアルキレンテレフタレート樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、液晶性ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、ポリフェニレンスルフィド樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリエチレンおよびポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、アクリロニトリル/スチレン共重合体(AS樹脂)、アクリロニトリル/ブタジエン/スチレン共重合体(ABS樹脂)、ポリスチレン樹脂、高衝撃ポリスチレン樹脂、シンジオタクチックポリスチレン樹脂、ポリメタクリレート樹脂、並びにフェノキシまたはエポキシ樹脂など)、酸化防止剤(例えば、ヒンダ−ドフェノ−ル系化合物、イオウ系酸化防止剤等)、紫外線吸収剤(ベンゾトリアゾール系、トリアジン系、ベンゾフェノン系など)、光安定剤(HALSなど)、離型剤(飽和脂肪酸エステル、不飽和脂肪酸エステル、ポリオレフィン系ワックス、フッ素化合物、パラフィンワックス、蜜蝋など)、流動改質剤(ポリカプロラクトンなど)、着色剤(カーボンブラック、二酸チタン、各種の有機染料、メタリック顔料など)、光拡散剤(アクリル架橋粒子、シリコーン架橋粒子など)、蛍光増白剤、蓄光顔料、蛍光染料、帯電防止剤、無機および有機の抗菌剤、光触媒系防汚剤(微粒子酸化チタン、微粒子酸化亜鉛など)、赤外線吸収剤、並びにフォトクロミック剤紫外線吸収剤などを配合してもよい。これら各種の添加剤は、ポリ乳酸等の熱可塑性樹脂に配合する際の周知の配合量で利用することができる。
(Iv) Other additives In the resin composition constituting the automobile part of the present invention, other thermoplastic resins (for example, polycarbonate resin, polyalkylene terephthalate resin, polyarylate resin) are included within the range where the effects of the present invention are exhibited. , Liquid crystalline polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyetherimide resin, polyurethane resin, silicone resin, polyphenylene ether resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polysulfone resin, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polystyrene resin, acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer Copolymer (AS resin), acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene copolymer (ABS resin), polystyrene resin, high impact polystyrene resin, syndiotactic polystyrene resin, polymethacrylate Resin, phenoxy or epoxy resin, etc.), antioxidants (eg, hindered phenol compounds, sulfur antioxidants, etc.), UV absorbers (benzotriazoles, triazines, benzophenones, etc.), Light stabilizer (such as HALS), mold release agent (saturated fatty acid ester, unsaturated fatty acid ester, polyolefin wax, fluorine compound, paraffin wax, beeswax, etc.), flow modifier (such as polycaprolactone), colorant (carbon black) , Titanium diacid, various organic dyes, metallic pigments, etc.), light diffusing agents (acrylic crosslinked particles, silicone crosslinked particles, etc.), fluorescent brighteners, phosphorescent pigments, fluorescent dyes, antistatic agents, inorganic and organic antibacterial agents , Photocatalytic antifouling agents (fine particle titanium oxide, fine particle zinc oxide, etc.), infrared absorbers, and photo Such Romikku agent ultraviolet absorber may be blended. These various additives can be used in known blending amounts when blended with a thermoplastic resin such as polylactic acid.
<樹脂組成物の製造方法について>
本発明の自動車部品を構成する樹脂組成物を製造するには、任意の方法が採用される。例えば各成分、並びに任意に他の成分を予備混合し、その後溶融混練し、ペレット化する方法を挙げることができる。予備混合の手段としては、ナウターミキサー、V型ブレンダー、ヘンシェルミキサー、メカノケミカル装置、押出混合機などを挙げることができる。予備混合においては場合により押出造粒器やブリケッティングマシーンなどにより造粒を行うこともできる。予備混合後、ベント式二軸押出機に代表される溶融混練機で溶融混練、およびペレタイザー等の機器によりペレット化する。溶融混練機としては他にバンバリーミキサー、混練ロール、恒熱撹拌容器などを挙げることができるが、ベント式二軸押出機が好ましい。他に、各成分、並びに任意に他の成分を予備混合することなく、それぞれ独立に二軸押出機に代表される溶融混練機に供給する方法も取ることもできる。
<About the manufacturing method of a resin composition>
Arbitrary methods are employ | adopted in order to manufacture the resin composition which comprises the motor vehicle part of this invention. For example, each component and optionally other components can be premixed and then melt-kneaded and pelletized. Examples of the premixing means include a Nauter mixer, a V-type blender, a Henschel mixer, a mechanochemical apparatus, and an extrusion mixer. In the preliminary mixing, granulation can be performed by an extrusion granulator or a briquetting machine depending on circumstances. After the preliminary mixing, the mixture is melt-kneaded by a melt-kneader represented by a vent type twin-screw extruder and pelletized by a device such as a pelletizer. Other examples of the melt kneader include a Banbury mixer, a kneading roll, and a constant temperature stirring vessel, but a vent type twin screw extruder is preferred. In addition, each component and optionally other components can be independently supplied to a melt kneader typified by a twin-screw extruder without being premixed.
<成形品の製造について>
本発明の自動車部品は、通常前記方法で製造されたポリ乳酸のペレットを、金型温度80〜130℃の範囲で射出成形して得られたものである。更に好ましくは、100〜120℃の範囲である。通常のポリ乳酸(ポリL−乳酸、またはポリD−乳酸)は結晶性ポリマーであるが、その結晶化速度は非常に遅く、結晶核剤を添加しても射出成形で結晶化した成形品を得るのは、非常に困難であり、ステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸についても、ポリ乳酸より結晶化速度は速くなるものの、やはり結晶核剤を添加しても、140℃以上の金型温度を要する。しかしながら、本発明のステレオコンプレックスポリ乳酸は、結晶性ポリマーとしては、生産性の上でも好ましい範囲である80℃〜130℃の金型温度で、結晶化した成形品が良好に射出成形できるようになる。金型温度が130℃より高くなると、成形品の冷却速度が遅くなるため成形サイクルが長くなり好ましくない。また80℃より低い温度では、固化が非常に遅いか、非晶状態で得られるようになるため好ましくない。
<Manufacture of molded products>
The automobile parts of the present invention are usually obtained by injection-molding polylactic acid pellets produced by the above method at a mold temperature of 80 to 130 ° C. More preferably, it is the range of 100-120 degreeC. Ordinary polylactic acid (poly-L-lactic acid or poly-D-lactic acid) is a crystalline polymer, but its crystallization rate is very slow. Even if a crystal nucleating agent is added, a molded product crystallized by injection molding can be obtained. It is very difficult to obtain, and stereocomplex polylactic acid also has a crystallization speed higher than that of polylactic acid. However, even when a crystal nucleating agent is added, a mold temperature of 140 ° C. or higher is required. However, the stereocomplex polylactic acid of the present invention is a crystalline polymer so that a crystallized molded article can be well injection-molded at a mold temperature of 80 ° C. to 130 ° C., which is a preferable range in terms of productivity. Become. When the mold temperature is higher than 130 ° C., the cooling rate of the molded product becomes slow, which is not preferable because the molding cycle becomes long. A temperature lower than 80 ° C. is not preferable because the solidification is very slow or can be obtained in an amorphous state.
本発明の自動車部品を得るための射出成形に関しては、通常のコールドランナー方式の成形法だけでなく、ホットランナー方式の成形法も可能である。かかる射出成形においては、通常の成形方法だけでなく、適宜目的に応じて、射出圧縮成形、射出プレス成形、ガスアシスト射出成形、発泡成形(超臨界流体の注入によるものを含む)、インサート成形、インモールドコーティング成形、断熱金型成形、急速加熱冷却金型成形、二色成形、サンドイッチ成形、および超高速射出成形などの射出成形法を用いて成形品を得ることができる。これら各種成形法の利点は既に広く知られるところである。 Regarding the injection molding for obtaining the automobile part of the present invention, not only a normal cold runner molding method but also a hot runner molding method is possible. In such injection molding, not only a normal molding method but also an injection compression molding, an injection press molding, a gas assist injection molding, a foam molding (including those by injection of a supercritical fluid), an insert molding, depending on the purpose as appropriate. A molded product can be obtained using an injection molding method such as in-mold coating molding, heat insulating mold molding, rapid heating / cooling mold molding, two-color molding, sandwich molding, and ultrahigh-speed injection molding. The advantages of these various molding methods are already widely known.
本発明の自動車部品は、自動車部品においても、示差走査熱量計(DSC)測定の昇温過程におけるポリ乳酸に由来する融解ピークにおいて、195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が70%以上であることが好ましく、更に好ましくは80%以上、更に好ましくは90%以上、特に好ましくは95%以上である。195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が大きいほど、成形品の耐加水分解性が高くなる。 In the automobile part of the present invention, the ratio of the melting peak at 195 ° C. or higher is 70% or more in the melting peak derived from polylactic acid in the temperature rising process of the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement. Preferably, it is 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and particularly preferably 95% or more. The larger the ratio of the melting peak at 195 ° C. or higher, the higher the hydrolysis resistance of the molded product.
融点は、195〜250℃の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは200〜220℃の範囲である。融解エンタルピーは、20J/g以上が好ましく、より好ましくは30J/g以上である。 The melting point is preferably in the range of 195 to 250 ° C, more preferably in the range of 200 to 220 ° C. The melting enthalpy is preferably 20 J / g or more, more preferably 30 J / g or more.
具体的には、示差走査熱量計(DSC)測定の昇温過程におけるポリ乳酸に由来する融解ピークにおいて、195℃以上の融解ピークの割合が70%以上であり、融点が195〜250℃の範囲にあり、融解エンタルピーが20J/g以上であることが好ましい。 Specifically, in the melting peak derived from polylactic acid in the temperature rising process of the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement, the ratio of the melting peak at 195 ° C. or higher is 70% or higher, and the melting point is in the range of 195 to 250 ° C. The melting enthalpy is preferably 20 J / g or more.
本発明の自動車部品としては、車輌外装部品、車輌内装部品、駆動系機構部品、電子制御系電子・電気部品、電子制御系機構部品、内燃機関関連部品、排気系関連部品、各種表示装置部品、各種照明装置部品、などが挙げられる。具体的には、バックパネル、フェンダー、バンパー、フェーシャ、ドアパネル、サイドガーニッシュ、ピラー、ラジエータグリル、サイドプロテクター、サイドモール、リアプロテクター、リアモール、各種スポイラー、ボンネット、ルーフパネル、トランクリッド、デタッチャブルトップ、ウインドリフレクター、ヘッドランプレンズ、ミラーハウジング、アウタードアハンドル、ワイパー部品、ウィンドウォッシャーノズル、オートアンテナ部品、トリム、ランプソケット、ランプリフレクター、ランプハウジング、インストルメンタルパネル、センターコンソールパネル、ディフレクター部品、メーター部品、エアーフローメーター、アクチュエーター、イグニッションコイル、ディストリビューター部品、ガスキャップ、ヒューズケース、センサーハウジング、ハーネスコネクター、各種スイッチ類、各種リレー類、燃料配管部品、エンジンロッカーカバー、エンジンオーナメントカバー、タイミングベルトカバー、ベルトテンショナープーリー、チェインガイド、カムスプロケット、ジェネレーターボビン、エアクリーナーケース、吸気ダクト、サージタンク、燃料タンク、インテークマニホールド、燃料噴射部品、カーナビケーション部品、カーオーディオビジュアル部品、オートモバイルコンピュータ部品、などが好適に例示できる。 The automobile parts of the present invention include vehicle exterior parts, vehicle interior parts, drive system mechanism parts, electronic control system electronic / electric parts, electronic control system mechanism parts, internal combustion engine related parts, exhaust system related parts, various display device parts, Various lighting device parts, etc. are mentioned. Specifically, back panels, fenders, bumpers, fascias, door panels, side garnishes, pillars, radiator grills, side protectors, side moldings, rear protectors, rear moldings, various spoilers, bonnets, roof panels, trunk lids, detachable tops, windows Reflector, headlamp lens, mirror housing, outer door handle, wiper part, window washer nozzle, auto antenna part, trim, lamp socket, lamp reflector, lamp housing, instrument panel, center console panel, deflector part, meter part, air Flow meter, actuator, ignition coil, distributor parts, gas cap, fuse Sensor housing, harness connector, various switches, various relays, fuel piping parts, engine rocker cover, engine ornament cover, timing belt cover, belt tensioner pulley, chain guide, cam sprocket, generator bobbin, air cleaner case, air intake Ducts, surge tanks, fuel tanks, intake manifolds, fuel injection parts, car navigation parts, car audio visual parts, auto mobile computer parts, and the like can be suitably exemplified.
さらに本発明の自動車部品には、表面改質を施すことによりさらに他の機能を付与するとこが可能である。ここでいう表面改質とは、蒸着(物理蒸着、化学蒸着等)、メッキ(電気メッキ、無電解メッキ、溶融メッキ等)、塗装、コーティング、印刷等の樹脂成形品の表層上に新たな層を形成させるものであり、通常の樹脂成形品に用いられる方法が適用できる。 Furthermore, the automobile part of the present invention can be given further functions by surface modification. Surface modification here means a new layer on the surface of resin molded products such as vapor deposition (physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, etc.), plating (electroplating, electroless plating, hot dipping, etc.), painting, coating, printing, etc. The method used for normal resin molded products can be applied.
以下、実施例により本発明を詳述する。ただし、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these.
下記の製造例に示す方法により、ポリ乳酸単位の製造を行った。また実施例中における各値は下記の方法で求めた。
(1)還元粘度:ポリ乳酸単位0.12gを10mLのテトラクロロエタン/フェノール(容量比1/1)に溶解し、35℃における還元粘度(mL/g)を測定した。
(2)重量平均分子量(Mw):ポリ乳酸単位の重量平均分子量はGPC(カラム温度40℃、クロロホルム)により、ポリスチレン標準サンプルとの比較で求めた。
(3)結晶化点、融点、融解エンタルピー:ポリ乳酸単位をDSCを用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度20℃/分で測定し、結晶化点(Tc)、融点(Tm)および融解エンタルピー(ΔHm)を求めた。
Polylactic acid units were produced by the method shown in the production examples below. Moreover, each value in an Example was calculated | required with the following method.
(1) Reduced viscosity: 0.12 g of polylactic acid unit was dissolved in 10 mL of tetrachloroethane / phenol (volume ratio 1/1), and the reduced viscosity (mL / g) at 35 ° C. was measured.
(2) Weight average molecular weight (Mw): The weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid unit was determined by GPC (column temperature 40 ° C., chloroform) in comparison with a polystyrene standard sample.
(3) Crystallization point, melting point, melting enthalpy: The polylactic acid unit was measured using a DSC in a nitrogen atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 ° C./minute, and the crystallization point (Tc), melting point (Tm) and melting enthalpy were measured. (ΔHm) was determined.
<製造例1:ポリ乳酸単位A−3成分の製造>
L−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所)50重量部を重合槽に加え、系内を窒素置換した後、ステアリルアルコール0.05重量部、触媒としてオクチル酸スズ25×10−3重量部を加え、190℃、2時間、重合を行い、ポリ乳酸単位A−3成分を得た。得られたポリ乳酸単位A−3成分の還元粘度は1.48(mL/g)、重量平均分子量11万であった。融点(Tm)は158℃であった。結晶化点(Tc)は117℃であった。
<Production Example 1: Production of polylactic acid unit A-3 component>
After adding 50 parts by weight of L-lactide (Musashino Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) to the polymerization tank and replacing the system with nitrogen, 0.05 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 25 × 10 −3 parts by weight of tin octylate as a catalyst were added. Polymerization was carried out at 190 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a polylactic acid unit A-3 component. The resulting polylactic acid unit A-3 component had a reduced viscosity of 1.48 (mL / g) and a weight average molecular weight of 110,000. The melting point (Tm) was 158 ° C. The crystallization point (Tc) was 117 ° C.
<製造例2:ポリ乳酸単位A−6成分の製造>
D−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所)50重量部を重合槽に加え、系内を窒素置換した後、ステアリルアルコール0.05重量部、触媒としてオクチル酸スズ25×10−3重量部を加え、190℃、2時間、重合を行い、ポリ乳酸単位A−6成分を得た。得られたポリ乳酸単位A−6成分の還元粘度は1.95(mL/g)、重量平均分子量11万であった。融点(Tm)は158℃であった。結晶化点(Tc)は121℃であった。
<Production Example 2: Production of polylactic acid unit A-6 component>
After adding 50 parts by weight of D-lactide (Musashino Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) to the polymerization tank and replacing the system with nitrogen, 0.05 parts by weight of stearyl alcohol and 25 × 10 −3 parts by weight of tin octylate as a catalyst were added. Polymerization was carried out at 190 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a polylactic acid unit A-6 component. The resulting polylactic acid unit A-6 component had a reduced viscosity of 1.95 (mL / g) and a weight average molecular weight of 110,000. The melting point (Tm) was 158 ° C. The crystallization point (Tc) was 121 ° C.
<製造例3:ポリ乳酸単位A−2成分の製造>
L−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所製)48.75重量部とD−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所製)1.25重量部を重合槽に加え、系内を窒素置換した後、ステアリルアルコール0.05重量部、触媒としてオクチル酸スズ25×10−3重量部を加え、190℃、2時間、重合を行い、ポリマーを製造した。このポリマーを7%5N塩酸のアセトン溶液で洗浄し、触媒を除去し、ポリ乳酸単位A−2成分を得た。得られたポリ乳酸単位A−2成分の還元粘度は1.47(mL/g)、重量平均分子量10万であった。融点(Tm)は159℃であった。結晶化点(Tc)は120℃であった。
<Production Example 3: Production of polylactic acid unit A-2 component>
48.75 parts by weight of L-lactide (made by Musashino Chemical Laboratories Co., Ltd.) and 1.25 parts by weight of D-lactide (made by Musashino Chemical Laboratories Co., Ltd.) were added to the polymerization tank, and the inside of the system was purged with nitrogen. 0.05 parts by weight of alcohol and 25 × 10 −3 parts by weight of tin octylate as a catalyst were added, and polymerization was carried out at 190 ° C. for 2 hours to produce a polymer. This polymer was washed with an acetone solution of 7% 5N hydrochloric acid to remove the catalyst to obtain a polylactic acid unit A-2 component. The resulting polylactic acid unit A-2 component had a reduced viscosity of 1.47 (mL / g) and a weight average molecular weight of 100,000. The melting point (Tm) was 159 ° C. The crystallization point (Tc) was 120 ° C.
<製造例4:ポリ乳酸単位A−5成分の製造>
L−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所)1.25重量部とD−ラクチド(株式会社武蔵野化学研究所)48.75重量部を重合槽に加え、系内を窒素置換した後、ステアリルアルコール0.05重量部、触媒としてオクチル酸スズ25×10−3重量部を加え、190℃、2時間、重合を行い、ポリマーを製造した。このポリマーを7%5N塩酸のアセトン溶液で洗浄し、触媒を除去し、ポリ乳酸単位A−5成分を得た。得られたポリ乳酸単位A−5成分の還元粘度は1.76(mL/g)、重量平均分子量12万であった。融点(Tm)は156℃であった。結晶化点(Tc)は120℃であった。
<Production Example 4: Production of polylactic acid unit A-5 component>
1.25 parts by weight of L-lactide (Musashino Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) and 48.75 parts by weight of D-lactide (Musashino Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.) were added to the polymerization tank, and the system was purged with nitrogen. 0.05 parts by weight and 25 × 10 −3 parts by weight of tin octylate as a catalyst were added, and polymerization was carried out at 190 ° C. for 2 hours to produce a polymer. This polymer was washed with an acetone solution of 7% 5N hydrochloric acid to remove the catalyst to obtain a polylactic acid unit A-5 component. The resulting polylactic acid unit A-5 component had a reduced viscosity of 1.76 (mL / g) and a weight average molecular weight of 120,000. The melting point (Tm) was 156 ° C. The crystallization point (Tc) was 120 ° C.
<製造例5:ポリ乳酸1の製造>
製造例1で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−3成分100重量部、および製造例2で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−6成分100重量部を、径30mmφのベント式二軸押出機[(株)日本製鋼所製TEX30XSST]に供給し、シリンダー温度280℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm、吐出量10kg/h、およびベント減圧度3kPaで溶融押出してペレット化し、ポリ乳酸1を得た。
<Production Example 5: Production of polylactic acid 1>
100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-3 component obtained in Production Example 1 and 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-6 component obtained in Production Example 2 were added to a vent type twin screw extruder [(stock) ) Nippon Steel Works TEX30XSST] was melt-extruded and pelletized at a cylinder temperature of 280 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a discharge rate of 10 kg / h, and a vent vacuum of 3 kPa to obtain polylactic acid 1.
<製造例6:ポリ乳酸2の製造>
製造例3で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−2成分100重量部、および製造例4で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−5成分100重量部を、径30mmφのベント式二軸押出機[(株)日本製鋼所製TEX30XSST]に供給し、シリンダー温度230℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm、吐出量10kg/h、およびベント減圧度3kPaで溶融押出してペレット化し、ポリ乳酸2を得た。
<Production Example 6: Production of
100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-2 component obtained in Production Example 3 and 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-5 component obtained in Production Example 4 were added to a bent type twin screw extruder [(stock) ) Nippon Steel Works TEX30XSST] was melt-extruded and pelletized at a cylinder temperature of 230 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a discharge rate of 10 kg / h, and a vent vacuum of 3 kPa to obtain
<製造例7:ポリ乳酸3の製造>
シリンダー温度を260℃とする他は、すべて製造例6と同じ条件にて、ポリ乳酸3を得た。
<Production Example 7: Production of polylactic acid 3>
Polylactic acid 3 was obtained under the same conditions as in Production Example 6 except that the cylinder temperature was 260 ° C.
<製造例8:ポリ乳酸4の製造>
シリンダー温度を280℃とする他は、すべて製造例6と同じ条件にて、ポリ乳酸4を得た。
<Production Example 8: Production of polylactic acid 4>
Polylactic acid 4 was obtained under the same conditions as in Production Example 6 except that the cylinder temperature was 280 ° C.
<製造例9:ポリ乳酸5の製造>
製造例3で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−2成分100重量部、製造例4で得られたポリ乳酸単位A−5成分100重量部、及びカルボジイミド化合物(カルボジライトHMV−8CA:日清紡(株)製)1重量部を、径30mmφのベント式二軸押出機[(株)日本製鋼所製TEX30XSST]に供給し、シリンダー温度280℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm、吐出量10kg/h、およびベント減圧度3kPaで溶融押出してペレット化し、ポリ乳酸5を得た。
<Production Example 9: Production of polylactic acid 5>
100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-2 component obtained in Production Example 3, 100 parts by weight of the polylactic acid unit A-5 component obtained in Production Example 4, and a carbodiimide compound (Carbodilite HMV-8CA: manufactured by Nisshinbo Co., Ltd.) ) 1 part by weight is supplied to a vent type twin screw extruder [TEX30XSST, manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, Ltd.] with a diameter of 30 mmφ, a cylinder temperature of 280 ° C., a screw rotation speed of 150 rpm, a discharge rate of 10 kg / h, and a vent pressure reduction degree of 3 kPa. To obtain polylactic acid 5.
下記の実施例、比較例に示す方法により、成形品の製造を行った。また実施例中における各値は下記の方法で求めた。
(1)195℃以上の融解ピークの割合:DSCを用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度20℃/分で測定し、195℃以上の融解ピークの割合(%)を、195℃以上(高温)の融解ピーク面積と140〜180℃(低温)融解ピーク面積から以下の式により算出した。
R195以上(%)=A195以上/(A195以上+A140〜180)×100
R195以上:195℃以上の融解ピークの割合
A195以上:195℃以上の融解ピーク面積
A140〜180:140〜180℃の融解ピーク面積
(2)曲げ強度:ISO178に準拠して曲げ強度を測定した。試験片形状:長さ80mm×幅10mm×厚み4mm。
(3)曲げ弾性率:ISO178に準拠して曲げ弾性率を測定した。試験片形状:長さ80mm×幅10mm×厚み4mm。
(4)耐熱性:ISO75−1および2に準拠して、荷重たわみ温度を測定した。荷重:1.80MPa。
(5)耐薬品性:ISO527−1および2に準拠して作成した厚さ3.2mmの試験片を、室温下、0.5%の曲げ歪みを与えた状態でエッソレギュラーガソリンに12時間浸漬し、その後の成形品外観を目視で観察、クラック発生の有無により判定した。試験片の取り付けの概要を図1に示す。
○:クラックの発生無し ×:クラック発生あり
なお、曲げ歪み(ε=0.005)は3点の内の両端の2点のスパンをL(100mm)、試験片の厚みをh(3.2mm)、および試験片を水平状態から持ち上げた高さをy(mm)としたとき、ε=(6hy)/L2の式より算出される値である。
(6)耐加水分解性:ISO178に準拠して作成した試験片を、プレッシャークッカー試験機にて、120℃×100%相対湿度の条件にて8時間処理した後の分子量を、処理前の値に対する保持率で評価した。
Molded articles were produced by the methods shown in the following examples and comparative examples. Moreover, each value in an Example was calculated | required with the following method.
(1) Melting peak ratio of 195 ° C. or higher: Measured at a heating rate of 20 ° C./min under a nitrogen atmosphere using DSC, and the melting peak ratio (%) of 195 ° C. or higher is 195 ° C. or higher (high temperature ) And a melting peak area of 140 to 180 ° C. (low temperature).
R 195 or more (%) = A 195 or more / (A 195 or more + A 140 to 180 ) × 100
R 195 or higher : ratio of melting peak at 195 ° C. or higher
A 195 or higher : melting peak area of 195 ° C. or higher
A 140-180 : melting peak area of 140-180 ° C. (2) bending strength: bending strength was measured according to ISO178. Test piece shape: length 80 mm × width 10 mm × thickness 4 mm.
(3) Flexural modulus: The flexural modulus was measured according to ISO178. Test piece shape: length 80 mm × width 10 mm × thickness 4 mm.
(4) Heat resistance: The deflection temperature under load was measured according to ISO75-1 and 2. Load: 1.80 MPa.
(5) Chemical resistance: A specimen having a thickness of 3.2 mm prepared according to ISO 527-1 and 2 is immersed in essoregular gasoline for 12 hours at room temperature with a 0.5% bending strain. Thereafter, the appearance of the molded product was visually observed and judged by the presence or absence of cracks. An outline of the test piece attachment is shown in FIG.
○: No crack occurred ×: Crack occurred Note that the bending strain (ε = 0.005) is L (100 mm) for the span of two points at both ends of the three points, and h (3.2 mm) for the thickness of the test piece. ), and when the height lifting the specimen from the horizontal state to the y (mm), a ε = (6hy) / value calculated from the equation of L 2.
(6) Hydrolysis resistance: The molecular weight after the test piece prepared according to ISO178 was treated with a pressure cooker tester at 120 ° C. × 100% relative humidity for 8 hours, the value before treatment It evaluated by the retention rate with respect to.
原料としては、以下のものを用いた。
(B成分)
B−1:タルク(巴工業(株)製:HiTalc Premium HTP ultra 5C)
(C成分)
C−1:ガラス繊維(日本電気硝子(株)製:ECS−03T−511、平均径13μm、カット長3mmのチョップドストランド)
The following were used as raw materials.
(B component)
B-1: Talc (manufactured by Sakai Kogyo Co., Ltd .: HiTalc Premium HTP ultra 5C)
(C component)
C-1: Glass fiber (manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd .: ECS-03T-511, chopped strand having an average diameter of 13 μm and a cut length of 3 mm)
<実施例1〜4、比較例1〜5>
表2に示す組成でポリ乳酸、結晶核剤、および無機充填材を、径30mmφのベント式二軸押出機[(株)日本製鋼所製TEX30XSST]に供給し、シリンダー温度260℃、スクリュー回転数150rpm、吐出量20kg/h、およびベント減圧度3kPaで溶融押出してペレット化した。
<Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-5>
Polylactic acid, a crystal nucleating agent, and an inorganic filler having the composition shown in Table 2 are supplied to a vent type twin-screw extruder having a diameter of 30 mmφ [TEX30XSST manufactured by Nippon Steel Works, Ltd.], a cylinder temperature of 260 ° C., and a screw rotational speed. It was pelletized by melt extrusion at 150 rpm, a discharge rate of 20 kg / h, and a vent vacuum of 3 kPa.
スクリュー構成はサイドフィーダー位置以前に第1段のニーディングゾーン(送りのニーディングディスク×2、送りのローター×1、戻しのローター×1および戻しニーディングディスク×1から構成される)を、サイドフィーダー位置以後に第2段のニーディングゾーン(送りのローター×1、および戻しのローター×1から構成される)を設けてあった。
The screw configuration is the first kneading zone (consisting of feed
それぞれの実施例および比較例においてかかるペレットの製造は以下のように実施した(成分の説明は前記の符号をもって行う)。
(i)実施例1〜3、および比較例1〜4
すべての成分をタンブラーを用いて均一に混合して予備混合物を作成し、かかる混合物を押出機の第1供給口より供給した。
(ii)実施例4、比較例5
無機充填材のC−1を第2供給口からサイドフィーダーを用いて供給し、残りの成分を全てタンブラーで予備混合して第1供給口から供給した。
In each of the examples and comparative examples, the production of such pellets was carried out as follows (components are described with the above symbols).
(I) Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4
All the components were uniformly mixed using a tumbler to prepare a premix, and the mixture was fed from the first feed port of the extruder.
(Ii) Example 4 and Comparative Example 5
C-1 of the inorganic filler was supplied from the second supply port using a side feeder, and all the remaining components were premixed with a tumbler and supplied from the first supply port.
得られたペレットを100℃で5時間、熱風循環式乾燥機により乾燥した。乾燥後、射出成形機(東芝機械(株)製:IS−150EN)により、金型温度を表2記載の温度、シリンダー温度240℃、成形サイクル180秒で曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、および荷重たわみ温度評価用の試験片を成形した。これらの成形品を用いて各特性を測定した。それらの射出成形性及び測定結果を表2に示す。 The obtained pellets were dried with a hot air circulation dryer at 100 ° C. for 5 hours. After drying, using an injection molding machine (Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd .: IS-150EN), the mold temperature is as shown in Table 2, the cylinder temperature is 240 ° C., the molding cycle is 180 seconds, bending strength, flexural modulus, and load deflection. A test piece for temperature evaluation was molded. Each characteristic was measured using these molded articles. Their injection moldability and measurement results are shown in Table 2.
表2の結果から明らかな通り、特定の組合せで得られたポリ乳酸を特定の方法で混合して得られた組成物は、射出成形性に優れ、得られる成形品は耐加水分解性が大きく向上すると共に、耐薬品性も向上することが分かる。更に、無機充填材を含むことによる機械特性の向上や、末端封鎖剤を含むことによる耐加水分解性の更なる向上も得られていることがわかる。 As is apparent from the results in Table 2, the composition obtained by mixing the polylactic acid obtained in a specific combination by a specific method is excellent in injection moldability, and the resulting molded product has a large hydrolysis resistance. It can be seen that the chemical resistance is improved with the improvement. Furthermore, it turns out that the improvement of the mechanical characteristic by containing an inorganic filler and the further improvement of the hydrolysis resistance by containing a terminal blocker are also acquired.
1 第1の固定棒(直径3.9mmφのステンレス鋼製)
2 試験片の中心部分(試験片の描く弧の頭頂部に位置するように設置)
3 歪負荷用の移動棒(直径3.9mmφのステンレス鋼製)
4 歪負荷用のスクリューネジ(台座57の裏面部に貫通。無負荷の試験片に接触させた位置から該スクリューネジを回しこみ、スクリューピッチに基づいて所定量の歪を試験片に負荷する)
5 試験片
6 第2の固定棒(直径3.9mmφのステンレス鋼製)
7 台座
8 第2の固定棒と歪負荷用の移動棒までの水平距離(50.0mm)
9 第1の固定棒と歪負荷用の移動棒までの水平距離(50.0mm)
1 First fixing rod (made of stainless steel with a diameter of 3.9 mmφ)
2 Center part of the test piece (installed so as to be located at the top of the arc drawn by the test piece)
3 Moving rod for strain loading (made of stainless steel with a diameter of 3.9 mmφ)
4 Screw screw for strain loading (penetrated through the back of the pedestal 57. The screw screw is turned from the position in contact with the unloaded test piece, and a predetermined amount of strain is applied to the test piece based on the screw pitch)
5
7 Pedestal 8 Horizontal distance between second fixed rod and moving rod for strain load (50.0mm)
9 Horizontal distance from the first fixed rod to the moving rod for strain load (50.0mm)
Claims (16)
(2)(A−4)ポリ乳酸単位(A−4成分)および、(A−2)L―乳酸単位90〜99モル%と、D−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位1〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位(A−2成分)からなり、A−4成分とA−2成分の重量比(A−4成分/A−2成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲にある請求項2に記載の自動車部品。 Polylactic acid (component A) comprises (1) (A-1) polylactic acid units (component A-1) and (A-5) 90 to 99 mol% of D-lactic acid units, L-lactic acid units and / or It consists of a polylactic acid unit (A-5 component) composed of 1 to 10 mol% of copolymer component units other than lactic acid, and the weight ratio of the A-1 component and the A-5 component (A-1 component / A-5) Component) is in the range of 10/90 to 90/10, or (2) (A-4) polylactic acid units (component A-4) and (A-2) L-lactic acid units 90 to 99 mol% , A D-lactic acid unit and / or a polylactic acid unit (A-2 component) composed of 1 to 10 mol% of copolymer component units other than lactic acid, and the weight ratio of the A-4 component to the A-2 component ( The automobile part according to claim 2, wherein (A-4 component / A-2 component) is in the range of 10/90 to 90/10.
(2)(A−4)ポリ乳酸単位(A−4成分)および、(A−2)L―乳酸単位90〜99モル%と、D−乳酸単位および/または乳酸以外の共重合成分単位1〜10モル%とにより構成されるポリ乳酸単位(A−2成分)からなり、A−4成分とA−2成分の重量比(A−4成分/A−2成分)が10/90〜90/10の範囲になるように共存させ、245〜300℃で熱処理することにより混合されたポリ乳酸である請求項3に記載の自動車部品。 Polylactic acid (component A) comprises (1) (A-1) polylactic acid units (component A-1) and (A-5) 90 to 99 mol% of D-lactic acid units, L-lactic acid units and / or It consists of a polylactic acid unit (A-5 component) composed of 1 to 10 mol% of copolymer component units other than lactic acid, and the weight ratio of the A-1 component and the A-5 component (A-1 component / A-5) Component) coexisting so as to be in the range of 10/90 to 90/10, and pre-mixed polylactic acid by heat treatment at 245 to 300 ° C., or
(2) (A-4) polylactic acid unit (A-4 component) and (A-2) L-lactic acid unit 90 to 99 mol%, D-lactic acid unit and / or copolymer component unit 1 other than lactic acid 1 10 to 90 mol% of polylactic acid units (A-2 component), and the weight ratio of A-4 component to A-2 component (A-4 component / A-2 component) is 10/90 to 90 The automobile part according to claim 3, which is polylactic acid mixed by coexisting so as to be in a range of / 10 and heat-treating at 245 to 300 ° C.
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