JP2007173592A - Electrostatic chuck - Google Patents

Electrostatic chuck Download PDF

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JP2007173592A
JP2007173592A JP2005370338A JP2005370338A JP2007173592A JP 2007173592 A JP2007173592 A JP 2007173592A JP 2005370338 A JP2005370338 A JP 2005370338A JP 2005370338 A JP2005370338 A JP 2005370338A JP 2007173592 A JP2007173592 A JP 2007173592A
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adsorption
electrode
dielectric layer
wafer
ceramic dielectric
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JP4849887B2 (en
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Naoko Itonaga
直子 糸永
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Kyocera Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a bipolar electrostatic chuck that can evenly fix a wafer onto an absorbing surface. <P>SOLUTION: An electrostatic chuck 1 includes, on a ceramic substrate 2, a ceramic dielectric layer 6 that has an absorbing surface 3 made from a non-retaining material W, a first absorption electrode 4a on which positive voltage is applied, and a second absorption electrode 4b on which negative voltage is applied. The ceramic dielectric layer 6 is made from aluminum nitride with purity equal to 98% by weight or more. The main component of the absorption electrodes 4a and 4b is Mo, W, Ti, an alloy thereof, or at least one kind of sintered compact among TiN, WC, and TiC. A thickness Tb of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorbing surface 3 and the second absorption electrode 4b is thicker than a thickness Ta of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the absorbing surface 3 and the first absorption electrode 4a. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、主に半導体ウェハや液晶基板等のウェハを静電吸着力によって吸着保持する静電チャックに関するものである。   The present invention mainly relates to an electrostatic chuck for attracting and holding a wafer such as a semiconductor wafer or a liquid crystal substrate by electrostatic attraction force.

従来、半導体デバイスを製造する半導体ウェハ(以下、ウェハという)の処理工程であるCVD、PVD、スパッタリング等の成膜工程や微細加工を施すエッチング工程、あるいは各種処理工程間での搬送等においては、ウェハを高精度に保持する必要があることから静電チャックが使用されている。   Conventionally, in a film forming process such as CVD, PVD, sputtering, etc., which is a processing process of a semiconductor wafer for manufacturing a semiconductor device (hereinafter referred to as a wafer), an etching process for performing fine processing, or transportation between various processing processes, An electrostatic chuck is used because it is necessary to hold the wafer with high accuracy.

静電チャックは、セラミック基体の一方の主面(最も広い表面)を、ウェハを載せる吸着面とするとともに、上記セラミック基体中の吸着面側に吸着用電極を備えたもので、ウェハを吸着面に載せ、ウェハと吸着用電極との間に静電吸着力を発現させることによりウェハを吸着面に強制的に固定するようになっている。   The electrostatic chuck has one main surface (the widest surface) of the ceramic substrate as a suction surface on which the wafer is placed, and an adsorption electrode on the suction surface side in the ceramic substrate. The wafer is forcibly fixed to the attracting surface by developing an electrostatic attracting force between the wafer and the attracting electrode.

これらの静電チャックは、セラミック基体中に一つの電極が設けられた単極型静電チャックが主流であったが、近年では、年々多様化する半導体産業の要求特性を満たすため、セラミック基体中に複数の電極が設けられた双極型静電チャックが使用されるようになってきた。セラミック基体に内蔵する吸着用電極とウェハとの間に電圧を印加することにより、ウェハを吸着面に吸着保持する単極型静電チャックに対し、双極型静電チャックは、セラミック基体に内蔵された一対の吸着用電極に正負の電圧を印加することでウェハを吸着面に吸着保持するようになっている。この双極型静電チャックは、単極型静電チャックのようにウェハに通電端子を接触させて直接通電する必要がないため、ウェハ上に形成された回路に与える悪影響が少ないといった利点があった。   These electrostatic chucks were mainly single-pole electrostatic chucks in which one electrode was provided in the ceramic substrate. However, in recent years, in order to satisfy the increasingly diverse characteristics of the semiconductor industry, Bipolar electrostatic chucks having a plurality of electrodes are used. A bipolar electrostatic chuck is built in the ceramic substrate, while a voltage is applied between the chucking electrode built in the ceramic substrate and the wafer to hold the wafer on the adsorption surface. By applying positive and negative voltages to the pair of suction electrodes, the wafer is sucked and held on the suction surface. This bipolar electrostatic chuck has the advantage that there is little adverse effect on the circuit formed on the wafer because it does not need to be directly energized by bringing the current-carrying terminal into contact with the wafer unlike the single-polar electrostatic chuck. .

このような双極型静電チャックの例として、特許文献1には図6に示すように台座62の上面に下部誘電体層68、中間部誘電体層67、上部誘電体層66がそれぞれ溶射膜により形成され、下部誘電体層68上に第2の吸着用電極64bが溶射膜によって設けられるとともに中間部誘電体層67によって被覆されており、また、中間部誘電体層67上には溶射膜によって第1の吸着用電極64aが設けられるとともに上部誘電体層66によって被覆されており、その上面を吸着面63とした静電チャック61が提案されている。   As an example of such a bipolar electrostatic chuck, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 6, a lower dielectric layer 68, an intermediate dielectric layer 67, and an upper dielectric layer 66 are sprayed on the upper surface of a pedestal 62, respectively. The second adsorption electrode 64b is provided on the lower dielectric layer 68 with a sprayed film and is covered with the intermediate dielectric layer 67. The sprayed film is formed on the intermediate dielectric layer 67. A first chucking electrode 64a is provided and covered with an upper dielectric layer 66, and an electrostatic chuck 61 having an upper surface of the chucking surface 63 is proposed.

また、特許文献2には図4に示すようにセラミック基体42の上面に第1の吸着用電極44aと第2の吸着用電極44bがそれぞれ備えられており、これらの吸着用電極44a、44bを覆うようにセラミック基体42の上面にセラミック誘電体層46が被覆一体化されており、その上面を吸着面43とし、上記吸着面43と第1の吸着用電極44aとの間のセラミック誘電体層46の厚みと、吸着面43と第2の吸着用電極44bとの間のセラミック誘電体層46の厚みが等しい静電チャック41が提案されている。   Further, in Patent Document 2, as shown in FIG. 4, a first adsorption electrode 44a and a second adsorption electrode 44b are respectively provided on the upper surface of the ceramic base 42, and these adsorption electrodes 44a and 44b are provided. A ceramic dielectric layer 46 is integrally coated on the upper surface of the ceramic base 42 so as to cover it, and the upper surface is used as an adsorption surface 43, and the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface 43 and the first adsorption electrode 44a. There has been proposed an electrostatic chuck 41 in which the thickness of 46 and the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 46 between the suction surface 43 and the second suction electrode 44b are equal.

また、特許文献3には図5に示すようにセラミック基体52の上面に第1の吸着用電極54aと第2の吸着用電極54bがそれぞれ備えられており、これらの吸着用電極54a、54bを覆うようにセラミック基体52の上面にセラミック誘電体層56が被覆一体化されており、正電圧を印加する第1の吸着用電極54aの面積が、負電圧を印加する第2の吸着用電極54bの面積より大きい静電チャック51が提案されている。
特開2003−243493号公報 特開2005−116686号公報 特開平10−242256号公報
Further, in Patent Document 3, as shown in FIG. 5, a first adsorption electrode 54a and a second adsorption electrode 54b are respectively provided on the upper surface of the ceramic base 52, and these adsorption electrodes 54a and 54b are provided. A ceramic dielectric layer 56 is coated and integrated on the upper surface of the ceramic base 52 so as to cover, and the area of the first adsorption electrode 54a that applies a positive voltage is the second adsorption electrode 54b that applies a negative voltage. An electrostatic chuck 51 larger than the above area has been proposed.
JP 2003-243493 A JP-A-2005-116686 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-242256

近年、半導体産業の急激な拡大のため、ウェハW上に形成する回路の微細化技術が進み、ウェハW上に微細な回路パターンを正確に形成するためウェハWを吸着面に均一に吸着させることができる静電チャックが求められている。   In recent years, due to the rapid expansion of the semiconductor industry, circuit miniaturization technology formed on the wafer W has progressed, and the wafer W can be uniformly adsorbed on the adsorption surface in order to accurately form a fine circuit pattern on the wafer W. There is a need for an electrostatic chuck that can achieve this.

特許文献1に示す従来の静電チャック61は、吸着面63と第1の吸着用電極64aとの間のセラミック誘電体層の厚み(図6中、Tcで示す)と、吸着面63と第2の吸着用電極64bとの間のセラミック誘電体層の厚み(図6中、Tdで示す)が異なるため、第1の吸着用電極64a側と第2の吸着用電極64b側とで吸着力の不均一が発生し、ウェハWを吸着面63に均一に固定することができないという問題があった。また、各吸着用電極64a、64bは溶射膜によって形成されているためボイドが多く、このボイドにより電極厚みが局部的に薄い部分が生じるため、吸着用電極64a、64bに電圧を印加した際に絶縁破壊を起こすといった問題があった。  The conventional electrostatic chuck 61 shown in Patent Document 1 includes a thickness of a ceramic dielectric layer (indicated by Tc in FIG. 6) between the suction surface 63 and the first suction electrode 64a, the suction surface 63, and the first surface. Since the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the two adsorption electrodes 64b (indicated by Td in FIG. 6) is different, the adsorption force is different between the first adsorption electrode 64a side and the second adsorption electrode 64b side. This causes a problem that the wafer W cannot be uniformly fixed to the suction surface 63. Further, since each of the adsorption electrodes 64a and 64b is formed of a sprayed film, there are many voids. Due to the voids, a portion where the electrode thickness is locally thin is generated. Therefore, when a voltage is applied to the adsorption electrodes 64a and 64b, There was a problem of causing dielectric breakdown.

また、各誘電体層66、67、68は溶射膜によって設けられており、時間的なずれを伴って形成されるため、各誘電体層66、67、68は完全には一体化されず境界面が形成される。この静電チャック61をプラズマ雰囲気中で使用すると、プラズマが上記境界面を侵すため静電チャック61の側面方向において放電現象が発生するという問題があった。   In addition, since each dielectric layer 66, 67, 68 is provided by a sprayed film and is formed with a time lag, each dielectric layer 66, 67, 68 is not completely integrated and is not a boundary. A surface is formed. When the electrostatic chuck 61 is used in a plasma atmosphere, there is a problem that a discharge phenomenon occurs in the side surface direction of the electrostatic chuck 61 because the plasma erodes the boundary surface.

特許文献2に示す従来の静電チャック41は、第1の吸着用電極44a及び第2の吸着用電極44bをスクリーン印刷法および誘電体層の同時焼成法にて形成していることから、吸着面43と第1の吸着用電極44aとの間のセラミック誘電体層46の厚みと、吸着面43と第2の吸着用電極44bとの間のセラミック誘電体層46の厚みを等しくしても、正電圧を印加した第1の吸着用電極44a側と負電圧を印加した第2の吸着用電極44b側とで吸着力の不均一が発生し、ウェハWを吸着面43上に均一に固定することができないという問題があった。このような吸着力の不均一が発生する原因として、セラミック誘電体層46の第1の吸着用電極44a側及び第2の吸着用電極44b側にn型半導体の性質が、吸着面43側にp型半導体の性質が現れ、セラミック誘電体層46がpn結合された半導体と等価な性質を持つためと考えられている。セラミック誘電体層46がpn結合された半導体と等価な性質を持つ理由としては、静電チャック41をスクリーン印刷法および誘電体層の同時焼成法によって形成した際に、吸着用電極44a、44bの金属成分がセラミック誘電体層46の吸着用電極の周囲に拡散することから、吸着面43側と比べて吸着用電極44a、44bに近いセラミック誘電体層46の体積固有抵抗値が小さくなっているためと考えられる。このような半導体の性質を持った静電チャック41の第1の吸着用電極44aに正電圧を印加し、第2の吸着用電極44bに負電圧を印加してウェハWを吸着面43に保持させると、負電圧を印加した第2の吸着用電極44b側のウェハWは正に帯電することから、pn結合体に対する順方向のバイアス回路を形成することになるため、第2の吸着用電極44b側の吸着面43上へ電荷が素早く移動することによって吸着力を高めることができるものの、正電圧を印加した第1の吸着用電極44a側のウェハWは負に帯電することからpn結合に対する逆方向のバイアス回路が形成されることになり、第1の吸着用電極44a側の吸着面43上へ電荷がスムーズに移動し難いことから吸着力が小さいというように、正電圧を印加した第1の吸着用電極44a側と負電圧を印加した第2の吸着用電極44b側とで吸着力の不均一が発生するという問題があった。   In the conventional electrostatic chuck 41 shown in Patent Document 2, the first adsorption electrode 44a and the second adsorption electrode 44b are formed by the screen printing method and the simultaneous firing method of the dielectric layer. Even if the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 46 between the surface 43 and the first adsorption electrode 44a is equal to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 46 between the adsorption surface 43 and the second adsorption electrode 44b. A non-uniform suction force occurs between the first suction electrode 44 a side to which a positive voltage is applied and the second suction electrode 44 b side to which a negative voltage is applied, and the wafer W is fixed uniformly on the suction surface 43. There was a problem that could not be done. The cause of the non-uniformity of the attraction force is that the nature of the n-type semiconductor on the first adsorption electrode 44a side and the second adsorption electrode 44b side of the ceramic dielectric layer 46 is on the adsorption surface 43 side. This is presumably because the properties of a p-type semiconductor appear and the ceramic dielectric layer 46 has properties equivalent to a pn-coupled semiconductor. The reason why the ceramic dielectric layer 46 has a property equivalent to a pn-coupled semiconductor is that when the electrostatic chuck 41 is formed by a screen printing method and a simultaneous firing method of the dielectric layer, the adsorption electrodes 44a, 44b Since the metal component diffuses around the adsorption electrode of the ceramic dielectric layer 46, the volume specific resistance value of the ceramic dielectric layer 46 close to the adsorption electrodes 44a and 44b is smaller than that on the adsorption surface 43 side. This is probably because of this. A positive voltage is applied to the first suction electrode 44 a of the electrostatic chuck 41 having such a semiconductor property, and a negative voltage is applied to the second suction electrode 44 b to hold the wafer W on the suction surface 43. Then, since the wafer W on the second adsorption electrode 44b side to which the negative voltage is applied is positively charged, a forward bias circuit for the pn-coupled body is formed, so that the second adsorption electrode Although the adsorption force can be increased by quickly moving the charge onto the adsorption surface 43 on the 44b side, the wafer W on the first adsorption electrode 44a side to which a positive voltage is applied is negatively charged. A reverse bias circuit is formed, and it is difficult to smoothly move the charge onto the adsorption surface 43 on the first adsorption electrode 44a side. 1 sucking The second non-uniformity of suction force at the suction electrode 44b side of applying the use electrode 44a side and the negative voltage is disadvantageously generated.

また、特許文献3に記載の静電チャックにおいても、正電圧を印加した吸着用電極側と負電圧を印加した吸着用電極側とで吸着力の不均一が発生していた。   Further, in the electrostatic chuck described in Patent Document 3, the non-uniformity of the suction force is generated between the suction electrode side to which a positive voltage is applied and the suction electrode side to which a negative voltage is applied.

このため、プラズマ雰囲気下でウェハWにエッチング処理等施す場合、吸着面43とウェハWとの間で熱交換効率が不均一となり、ウェハW上の温度分布に差が生じるため、成膜工程では、ウェハW上に均質な膜を被着することができず、また、エッチング工程では所定の深さに微細加工することができないため、ウェハWの歩留まりが低下する虞があった。   For this reason, when performing an etching process or the like on the wafer W in a plasma atmosphere, the heat exchange efficiency between the suction surface 43 and the wafer W becomes non-uniform, and the temperature distribution on the wafer W is different. In addition, a uniform film cannot be deposited on the wafer W, and fine processing to a predetermined depth cannot be performed in the etching process, so that the yield of the wafer W may be reduced.

本発明は、双極型静電チャックにおいてウェハWを吸着面上に均一に固定するための方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to provide a method for uniformly fixing a wafer W on a suction surface in a bipolar electrostatic chuck.

そこで、本発明は上記課題に鑑み、セラミック基体上に、被保持物の吸着面を有するセラミック誘電体層と、正電圧が印加される第1の吸着用電極及び負電圧が印加される第2の吸着用電極を備えた静電チャックにおいて、前記セラミック誘電体層が純度98質量%以上の窒化アルミニウムであり、前記吸着用電極の主成分がMo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCの少なくとも一種の焼結体からなり、前記吸着面と前記第1の吸着用電極との間の前記セラミック誘電体層の厚みよりも前記吸着面と前記第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みが厚いことを特徴とする。   Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a ceramic dielectric layer having an adsorption surface for an object to be held, a first adsorption electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and a second voltage to which a negative voltage is applied. In the electrostatic chuck including the adsorption electrode, the ceramic dielectric layer is aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% by mass or more, and the main component of the adsorption electrode is Mo, W, Ti, or an alloy thereof, TiN, WC. And made of at least one kind of sintered body of TiC, and between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode rather than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode. The ceramic dielectric layer is thick.

また、上記構成において、前記セラミック誘電体層は、前記被保持物の吸着時における体積固有抵抗値が10〜1013Ω・cmであることを特徴とする。 In the above structure, the ceramic dielectric layer has a volume resistivity value of 10 8 to 10 13 Ω · cm when the object to be held is adsorbed.

本発明の静電チャックは、セラミック基体上に、被保持物の吸着面を有するセラミック誘電体層と、正電圧が印加される第1の吸着用電極及び負電圧が印加される第2の吸着用電極を備えた静電チャックにおいて、前記セラミック誘電体層が純度98質量%以上の窒化アルミニウムであり、前記吸着用電極の主成分がMo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCの少なくとも一種の焼結体からなり、前記吸着面と前記第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みよりも前記吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みを厚くすることにより、正電圧を印加した第1の吸着用電極側と負電圧を印加した第2の吸着用電極側とでウェハWを吸着面上に均一な吸着力で吸着することができる。   The electrostatic chuck according to the present invention has a ceramic dielectric layer having an adsorption surface for an object to be held, a first adsorption electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and a second adsorption to which a negative voltage is applied. In the electrostatic chuck including the electrode for use, the ceramic dielectric layer is aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% by mass or more, and the main component of the electrode for adsorption is Mo, W, Ti or an alloy thereof, TiN, WC, TiC. A ceramic dielectric between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode rather than a thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode By increasing the thickness of the layer, the wafer W is adsorbed on the adsorption surface with a uniform adsorption force between the first adsorption electrode side to which a positive voltage is applied and the second adsorption electrode side to which a negative voltage is applied. be able to.

また、上記構成において、前記セラミック誘電体層は、被保持物の吸着時における体積固有抵抗値が10〜1013Ω・cmであると吸着力がより大きくなりウェハWと吸着面との間の熱交換効率が高まる。このため、正電圧が印加される第1の吸着用電極及び負電圧が印加される第2の吸着用電極に対応するそれぞれの吸着面におけるウェハWと吸着面との間の真実接触面積が同等となり吸着面とウェハW間の熱交換効率が同等となり、ウェハW表面の面内温度差を小さくすることができることから、成膜工程では、ウェハW上に均質な膜を被着することができ、また、エッチング工程では所定の深さに微細加工することが可能となることから、ウェハWの歩留まりを向上させることができる。 Further, in the above configuration, when the ceramic dielectric layer has a volume resistivity value of 10 8 to 10 13 Ω · cm at the time of attracting the object to be held, the attracting force becomes larger, and the gap between the wafer W and the attracting surface is increased. Heat exchange efficiency increases. For this reason, the true contact area between the wafer W and the suction surface on each suction surface corresponding to the first suction electrode to which a positive voltage is applied and the second suction electrode to which a negative voltage is applied is equivalent. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer W becomes equal, and the in-plane temperature difference on the surface of the wafer W can be reduced, so that a uniform film can be deposited on the wafer W in the film formation process. In addition, since it is possible to perform fine processing to a predetermined depth in the etching process, the yield of the wafers W can be improved.

以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

図1は本発明の一例である静電チャック1を示す概略図で、(a)は概略の斜視図であり、(b)は(a)のX−X線の概略断面図を示す。   1A and 1B are schematic views showing an electrostatic chuck 1 which is an example of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.

セラミック基体2の上面に設けられた第2の吸着用電極4bを覆うように下部セラミック誘電体層6で被覆され、下部セラミック誘電体層6の上面には第1の吸着用電極4aが設けられており、第1の吸着用電極4aを覆うように上部セラミック誘電体層6で被覆され一体化されており、その上面が吸着面3となっている。これらの吸着用電極4a、4bにはそれぞれ通電用の給電端子5が設けられており、吸着面3上にウェハWを載せ、給電端子5を通じて第1の吸着用電極4aに正電圧を印加し、第2の吸着用電極4bに負電圧を印加することにより第1の吸着用電極4a及び第2の吸着用電極4bとウェハWとの間に静電吸着力を発現させ、ウェハWを吸着面3に固定することができる。   The lower ceramic dielectric layer 6 is covered so as to cover the second adsorption electrode 4b provided on the upper surface of the ceramic substrate 2, and the first adsorption electrode 4a is provided on the upper surface of the lower ceramic dielectric layer 6. The upper ceramic dielectric layer 6 is covered and integrated so as to cover the first adsorption electrode 4 a, and the upper surface is the adsorption surface 3. Each of these suction electrodes 4 a and 4 b is provided with a power supply terminal 5 for energization. A wafer W is placed on the suction surface 3, and a positive voltage is applied to the first suction electrode 4 a through the power supply terminal 5. By applying a negative voltage to the second adsorption electrode 4b, an electrostatic adsorption force is developed between the first adsorption electrode 4a and the second adsorption electrode 4b and the wafer W, and the wafer W is adsorbed. It can be fixed to the surface 3.

本発明の静電チャック1は、セラミック基体2上に、被保持物の吸着面3を有するセラミック誘電体層6と、正電圧が印加される第1の吸着用電極4a及び負電圧が印加される第2の吸着用電極4bを備えた静電チャック1において、セラミック誘電体層6が純度98質量%以上の窒化アルミニウムであり、吸着用電極4a、4bの主成分がMo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCの少なくとも一種の焼結体からなり、吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みTaよりも吸着面3と前記第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みTbが厚いことを特徴とする。   In the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention, a ceramic dielectric layer 6 having an attracting surface 3 for an object to be held, a first attracting electrode 4a to which a positive voltage is applied, and a negative voltage are applied on a ceramic substrate 2. In the electrostatic chuck 1 having the second adsorption electrode 4b, the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% by mass or more, and the main components of the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b are Mo, W, Ti or It consists of at least one kind of sintered body of these alloys, TiN, WC, and TiC, and the adsorption surface 3 and the first electrode are larger than the thickness Ta of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a. The thickness Tb of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the two adsorption electrodes 4b is thick.

吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みTaよりも、吸着面3と第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みTbが厚い静電チャック1の第1の吸着用電極4aに正電圧を印加し、第2の吸着用電極4bに負電圧を印加してウェハWを吸着面3に保持させると、第1の吸着用電極4a側のウェハWはpn結合に対する逆方向のバイアス回路が形成されるため、第1の吸着用電極4a側の吸着面3上へ電荷がスムーズに移動しにくいことから厚みTaが厚みTbと同じでは吸着力が吸着用電極4aより小さくなるが、厚みをTbより小さくすることで吸着力を大きくできる。   The thickness Tb of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the second adsorption electrode 4b is larger than the thickness Ta of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a. When a positive voltage is applied to the first adsorption electrode 4a of the thick electrostatic chuck 1 and a negative voltage is applied to the second adsorption electrode 4b to hold the wafer W on the adsorption surface 3, the first adsorption electrode 4a is used. Since the wafer W on the electrode 4a side is formed with a bias circuit in the reverse direction with respect to the pn coupling, the charge Ta cannot easily move onto the adsorption surface 3 on the first adsorption electrode 4a side. In the same case, the adsorption force is smaller than that of the adsorption electrode 4a, but the adsorption force can be increased by making the thickness smaller than Tb.

一方、第2の吸着用電極4b側のウェハWはpn結合に対する順方向のバイアス回路が形成されるため、第1の吸着用電極4a側と比べて電荷は移動し易く、大きな吸着力を得易いことから、Tbを大きくすることで吸着用電極4bの吸着力を小さく調製することで吸着用電極4aで吸着する吸着力と同等とすることができる。従って、第1の吸着用電極4a側における吸着力の大きさを第2の吸着用電極4b側における吸着力の大きさと、同一あるいは近似させることができるため、ウェハWを吸着面3に吸着した際に吸着用電極4aと4bで吸着力が略等しいことから、吸着面3とウェハW間の熱交換効率が均一となってウェハW上の温度分布を均一とすることができる。特に、吸着用電極4が左右に半円形に配設された双極型静電チャック1において吸着面3とウェハW間の熱交換効率が均一となってウェハW上の温度分布を均一とすることができる。そして、このような静電チャック1を成膜工程に使用すると、ウェハW上に均質な膜を被着することができ、また、エッチング工程で使用すると所定の深さに微細加工することが可能となることから、ウェハWの歩留まりを向上させることができる。   On the other hand, the wafer W on the second adsorption electrode 4b side is formed with a forward bias circuit for the pn coupling, so that the charge is easily moved compared with the first adsorption electrode 4a side, and a large adsorption force is obtained. Since it is easy, by making Tb large, the adsorption force of the adsorption electrode 4b can be made small, and it can be made equivalent to the adsorption force adsorbed by the adsorption electrode 4a. Therefore, since the magnitude of the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode 4a side can be the same as or close to the magnitude of the adsorption force on the second adsorption electrode 4b side, the wafer W is adsorbed on the adsorption surface 3. At this time, since the suction force is substantially equal between the suction electrodes 4a and 4b, the heat exchange efficiency between the suction surface 3 and the wafer W becomes uniform, and the temperature distribution on the wafer W can be made uniform. In particular, in the bipolar electrostatic chuck 1 in which the suction electrodes 4 are arranged in a semicircular shape on the left and right, the heat exchange efficiency between the suction surface 3 and the wafer W is uniform, and the temperature distribution on the wafer W is uniform. Can do. When such an electrostatic chuck 1 is used in a film forming process, a uniform film can be deposited on the wafer W, and when used in an etching process, it can be finely processed to a predetermined depth. Thus, the yield of the wafers W can be improved.

また、第1の吸着用電極4aと第2の吸着用電極4bはそれぞれ異なるセラミックグリーンシートや溶射膜上に形成できることから、一方の電極から他方の電極に至る絶縁破壊を防ぐことが可能となり、セラミック誘電体層6の耐久性に優れた静電チャック1が得られ好ましい。   Further, since the first adsorption electrode 4a and the second adsorption electrode 4b can be formed on different ceramic green sheets or sprayed films, it is possible to prevent dielectric breakdown from one electrode to the other electrode, The electrostatic chuck 1 excellent in the durability of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is preferably obtained.

また、吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚み(Ta)に対する吸着面3と第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚み(Tb)の比(Tb/Ta)は2.0〜5.0であることが好ましい。その理由は、吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みに対する吸着面3と第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みの比が2.0未満では静電チャックの第1の吸着用電極4aに正電圧を印加し、第2の吸着用電極4bに負電圧を印加してウェハWを吸着面3に保持させると、第2の吸着用電極4b側においてセラミック誘電体層6に拡散する電荷の量が少ないため、第2の吸着用電極4b側の吸着面3上に移動する電荷の量が多くなることから、第1の吸着用電極4a側と第2の吸着用電極4b側とで吸着面3に移動する電荷の量に差が生じるため、吸着力の不均一が発生し、ウェハWを吸着面3上に均一に吸着することができないからである。   Further, the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the second adsorption electrode 4b with respect to the thickness (Ta) of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a. The ratio (Tb / Ta) of (Tb) is preferably 2.0 to 5.0. The reason is that the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the second adsorption electrode 4b with respect to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a. When the ratio is less than 2.0, a positive voltage is applied to the first chucking electrode 4a of the electrostatic chuck and a negative voltage is applied to the second chucking electrode 4b to hold the wafer W on the chucking surface 3. Since the amount of charge diffusing into the ceramic dielectric layer 6 on the second adsorption electrode 4b side is small, the amount of charge moving on the adsorption surface 3 on the second adsorption electrode 4b side is increased. Since there is a difference in the amount of charge moving to the suction surface 3 between the first suction electrode 4a side and the second suction electrode 4b side, non-uniform suction force occurs, and the wafer W is placed on the suction surface 3 It is because it cannot adsorb uniformly.

一方、吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚み(Ta)に対する吸着面3と第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚み(Tb)の比(Tb/Ta)が5.0を超える静電チャック1の第1の吸着用電極4aに正電圧を印加し、第2の吸着用電極4bに負電圧を印加してウェハWを吸着面3に保持させると、第2の吸着用電極4b側においてセラミック誘電体層6に拡散する電荷の量が多いため、第2の吸着用電極4b側の吸着面3上に移動する電荷の量が少なくなることから、第1の吸着用電極4a側と第2の吸着用電極4b側とで吸着面3に移動する電荷の量に差が生じるため、吸着力の不均一が発生し、ウェハWを吸着面3上に均一に吸着することができないからである。   On the other hand, the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the second adsorption electrode 4b with respect to the thickness (Ta) of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a. A positive voltage is applied to the first attracting electrode 4a of the electrostatic chuck 1 with a ratio (Tb / Ta) exceeding 5.0, and a negative voltage is applied to the second attracting electrode 4b. When W is held on the adsorption surface 3, the amount of electric charge that diffuses into the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is large on the second adsorption electrode 4b side, and therefore moves to the adsorption surface 3 on the second adsorption electrode 4b side. Since the amount of electric charge is reduced, the amount of electric charge moving to the adsorption surface 3 is different between the first adsorption electrode 4a side and the second adsorption electrode 4b side. This is because the wafer W cannot be uniformly sucked onto the suction surface 3.

また、本発明の静電チャック1は、セラミック誘電体層6が純度98%以上の窒化アルミニウムからなり吸着用電極4a、4bの主成分がMo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCの少なくとも一種の焼結体からなることが好ましい。特に、純度98%以上の窒化アルミニウムと上記の焼結体からなる吸着用電極4の接触界面には前記PN結合による効果が発生し易いことから、請求項1の構成が正負の吸着用電極における吸着力を等しくする上で好ましいと考えられる。純度98%以上の窒化アルミニウムは、不純物として酸素や酸窒化アルミニウム、珪素等の酸化物やその他の2族の金属酸化物を含むことができる。また、Mo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCは高融点金属である上、熱膨張係数が窒化アルミニウムからなるセラミックスの熱膨張係数に近いため、焼成時にセラミック誘電体層6と吸着用電極4a、4bの収縮率の差によって生じる電極剥がれや、セラミック基体2の反りや割れを防ぐことが可能となり、セラミック基体2の耐久性が向上するからである。セラミック基体2の反りが大きいと、セラミック基体2に埋設された吸着用電極4a、4bも同様に反ってしまうため、セラミック基体2に研削加工を施して吸着面3を平坦にしても、セラミック基体2内部の吸着用電極4a、4bは反ったままであり、ウェハWを吸着面3上に吸着させても、面内の吸着力バラツキが生じるため好ましくない。好ましくは、吸着用電極4a、4bは熱膨張係数が4〜6×10−6/℃であるMo及びWが好ましい。 In the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention, the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is made of aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% or more, and the main components of the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b are Mo, W, Ti or alloys thereof, TiN, WC, It is preferably made of at least one kind of sintered body of TiC. In particular, the effect of the PN bond is likely to occur at the contact interface between the adsorption electrode 4 made of aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% or more and the sintered body, and therefore the configuration of claim 1 is a positive / negative adsorption electrode. It is considered preferable for equalizing the adsorption force. Aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% or more can contain oxygen, aluminum oxynitride, oxides such as silicon, and other Group 2 metal oxides as impurities. In addition, Mo, W, Ti or alloys thereof, TiN, WC, and TiC are refractory metals and have a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of ceramics made of aluminum nitride. This is because it is possible to prevent electrode peeling caused by a difference in contraction rate between the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b, warpage and cracking of the ceramic substrate 2, and the durability of the ceramic substrate 2 is improved. If the warp of the ceramic substrate 2 is large, the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b embedded in the ceramic substrate 2 will also be warped in the same manner. The suction electrodes 4a and 4b in the inside 2 remain warped, and even if the wafer W is sucked onto the suction surface 3, in-plane suction force variation occurs, which is not preferable. Preferably, the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b are preferably Mo and W having a thermal expansion coefficient of 4 to 6 × 10 −6 / ° C.

また、吸着用電極4a、4bの厚みは50μm以下であることが好ましい。その理由は、吸着用電極4a、4bの厚みが50μmを超えると吸着用電極4a、4bの焼結性が低下し焼成時に電極剥がれを起こす虞があるからである。   The thickness of the adsorption electrodes 4a, 4b is preferably 50 μm or less. The reason is that if the thickness of the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b exceeds 50 μm, the sinterability of the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b is lowered, and the electrodes may be peeled off during firing.

図2(a)〜(d)に、吸着用電極4a、4bのパターン形状の一例を示す。パターン形状には図2(a)に示すような半円状をしたもの、図2(b)に示すような櫛歯形状をしたもの、図2(c)に示すような円とリングを同心円状に組み合わせたものや、更に図2(d)に示すような扇状をしたものを円を構成するように組み合わせたものなど、吸着面3上に載置するウェハWを均一に吸着できるようなパターン形状であれば良く、これらの形状だけに限定するものではない。   FIGS. 2A to 2D show examples of pattern shapes of the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b. The pattern shape is semicircular as shown in FIG. 2 (a), comb-like shape as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the circle and ring as shown in FIG. 2 (c) are concentric. The wafers W placed on the suction surface 3 can be uniformly sucked, such as those combined in a shape, or those combined in a fan shape as shown in FIG. Any pattern shape may be used, and the present invention is not limited to these shapes.

ところで、静電吸着力には、クーロン力とジョンソン・ラーベック力があり、セラミック誘電体層6の体積固有抵抗値が1014Ω・cmより大きいときの吸着力はクーロン力によって支配され、セラミック誘電体層6の体積固有抵抗値が低下するに従ってジョンソン・ラーベック力が発現し、セラミック誘電体層6の体積固有抵抗値が1013Ω・cm未満となるとクーロン力に比べ大きな吸着力が得られるジョンソン・ラーベック力が発現することによりウェハWが吸着されることが知られている。 By the way, the electrostatic attraction force includes Coulomb force and Johnson Rabeck force, and the adsorption force when the volume resistivity of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is larger than 10 14 Ω · cm is governed by the Coulomb force. Johnson-Rahbek force develops as the volume resistivity value of the body layer 6 decreases, and when the volume resistivity value of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is less than 10 13 Ω · cm, Johnson can obtain a larger adsorption force than the Coulomb force. It is known that the wafer W is adsorbed when the Rabeck force is developed.

また、被保持物であるウェハW等を吸着面3に吸着時におけるセラミック誘電体層6の体積固有抵抗値は10〜1013Ω・cmであることが好ましい。その理由は、使用時におけるセラミック誘電体層6の体積固有抵抗値が1013Ω・cmを超えると、吸着面3上に移動する電荷の量が少なくなることから吸着力が小さくなるからである。また、クーロン力が発現するようになるため、ウェハWを吸着面3に強固に固定することができず、吸着面3とウェハW間の熱交換効率が悪くなり、ウェハWの温度が定常状態になるまでの時間も長くなるからである。セラミック誘電体層6の体積固抵抗値が10Ω・cm未満では、吸着面3上に移動する電荷の量が多くなるため大きな吸着力が得られるが、セラミック誘電体層6を流れる漏れ電流が多くなるため、ウェハWを吸着面3に吸着させた際、ウェハW上の微小回路が破壊される虞があるためである。より好ましくは10〜1012Ω・cmである。 Moreover, it is preferable that the volume specific resistance value of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is 10 8 to 10 13 Ω · cm when the wafer W or the like to be held is attracted to the attracting surface 3. The reason is that when the volume resistivity value of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 in use exceeds 10 13 Ω · cm, the amount of charge moving on the adsorption surface 3 decreases, and the adsorption force becomes small. . In addition, since the Coulomb force is developed, the wafer W cannot be firmly fixed to the suction surface 3, the heat exchange efficiency between the suction surface 3 and the wafer W is deteriorated, and the temperature of the wafer W is in a steady state. This is because the time until it becomes longer. If the volume solid resistance value of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is less than 10 8 Ω · cm, a large adsorbing force can be obtained because the amount of electric charge moving on the adsorbing surface 3 increases, but the leakage current flowing through the ceramic dielectric layer 6 This is because when the wafer W is attracted to the attracting surface 3, the microcircuit on the wafer W may be destroyed. More preferably, it is 10 9 to 10 12 Ω · cm.

また、吸着面3の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)は1.0μm以下であることが好ましい。その理由は、吸着面3の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)が1.0μmを超えると、吸着面3とウェハWとの接触面積が小さくなるため吸着力が低下し、吸着面3とウェハW間の熱交換効率が悪くなるため、ウェハWの温度が定常状態になるまでの時間が長くなるからである。このことから、吸着面3の中心線平均粗さ(Ra)を1.0μm以下とすることにより、吸着力が大きくなるため吸着面3とウェハW間の熱交換効率が良くなり、ウェハWの温度が定常状態になるまでの時間を短縮することが可能となるため、成膜工程やエッチング工程におけるリードタイムを削減することが可能となる。   Moreover, it is preferable that the centerline average roughness (Ra) of the adsorption surface 3 is 1.0 μm or less. The reason for this is that if the center line average roughness (Ra) of the suction surface 3 exceeds 1.0 μm, the contact area between the suction surface 3 and the wafer W is reduced, so that the suction force is reduced. This is because the time until the temperature of the wafer W reaches a steady state becomes longer because the heat exchange efficiency between them becomes worse. Therefore, by setting the center line average roughness (Ra) of the suction surface 3 to 1.0 μm or less, the suction force is increased, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the suction surface 3 and the wafer W is improved. Since the time until the temperature reaches a steady state can be shortened, the lead time in the film forming process and the etching process can be reduced.

以下、本発明の静電チャック1のその他の構成について示す。   Hereinafter, other configurations of the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention will be described.

本発明の静電チャック1ではセラミック基体2として静電吸着用の電極4a、4bを設けた例を示したが、図1に示した構造だけに限定されるものではなく、静電吸着用電極4a、4b以外に加熱用電極、プラズマ発生用電極を備えても良く、また、これら全ての電極を備えたものであっても構わない。   In the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention, an example in which the electrodes 4a and 4b for electrostatic adsorption are provided as the ceramic base 2 is shown, but the present invention is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. In addition to 4a and 4b, a heating electrode and a plasma generating electrode may be provided, or all of these electrodes may be provided.

更に、本発明の静電チャック1は、図1には図示していないが、吸着用電極4a、4bへの通電をOFFにしてから吸着面3に保持したウェハWの離脱応答性を高めるために、吸着面3のうち吸着用電極4a、4bを形成していない部分に凹溝を形成してウェハWの接触面積を小さくすることで離脱応答性を高めることができる。更に、上記凹溝にHe等のガスを供給することによって静電チャック1を加熱した時のウェハWへの熱伝導特性を向上させることもできる。そして、静電チャック1には、ウェハWとの熱伝達特性を向上させることから抵抗発熱体を埋設したり、備えることが好ましい。また、セラミック基板2の裏面に板状の金属体を結合し、該金属体に形成した冷却媒体通路に冷却媒体を通しセラミック基体2の裏面からウェハWを冷却することが好ましい。   Further, although not shown in FIG. 1, the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention is for increasing the detachment response of the wafer W held on the suction surface 3 after the energization of the suction electrodes 4a and 4b is turned off. Furthermore, the detachment response can be improved by forming a concave groove in the portion of the suction surface 3 where the suction electrodes 4a and 4b are not formed to reduce the contact area of the wafer W. Furthermore, by supplying a gas such as He to the concave groove, it is possible to improve the heat conduction characteristics to the wafer W when the electrostatic chuck 1 is heated. In order to improve heat transfer characteristics with the wafer W, it is preferable to embed or provide a resistance heating element in the electrostatic chuck 1. Further, it is preferable that a plate-like metal body is bonded to the back surface of the ceramic substrate 2, the cooling medium is passed through a cooling medium passage formed in the metal body, and the wafer W is cooled from the back surface of the ceramic substrate 2.

また、静電チャック1を構成するセラミック基体2の材質としては、純度98%以上の窒化アルミニウムからなる焼結体を用いることができ、これらの中でも耐プラズマ性に優れる純度98%以上の窒化アルミニウムを主成分とする焼結体を用いることが望ましい。   Further, as the material of the ceramic substrate 2 constituting the electrostatic chuck 1, a sintered body made of aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% or more can be used, and among these, aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% or more which is excellent in plasma resistance. It is desirable to use a sintered body containing as a main component.

また、セラミック誘電体層6の熱伝導率は40W/(m・K)以上であることが好ましい。その理由は、セラミック誘電体層6の熱伝導率が40W/(m・K)未満だと、ウェハWと吸着面3との熱交換効率が悪いため、ウェハWの温度が定常状態になるまでの時間が長くなるからである。   Further, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is preferably 40 W / (m · K) or more. The reason is that, if the thermal conductivity of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 is less than 40 W / (m · K), the heat exchange efficiency between the wafer W and the adsorption surface 3 is poor, so that the temperature of the wafer W becomes a steady state. This is because the period of time becomes longer.

次に本発明の静電チャック1の製造方法を説明する。   Next, a method for manufacturing the electrostatic chuck 1 of the present invention will be described.

静電チャック1を構成するセラミック基体2としては、窒化アルミニウム質焼結体を用いることができる。窒化アルミニウム質焼結体の製造に当たっては、酸素量が0.5〜1.5質量%含む窒化アルミニウム粉末と焼結助剤として珪素酸化物を加えることが好ましい。さらに、アクリル系のバインダーと溶媒とを加え、トルエンとセラミックボールを用いてボールミルにより48時間混合し、得られた窒化アルミニウムの泥漿をドクターブレード法にてテープ成形を行いグリーンシートを複数枚成形する。その後、得られた窒化アルミニウムのグリーンシート上に、導体ペーストにて第1の吸着用電極4aをスクリーン印刷法で形成する。また他のグリーンシートに第2の吸着用電極4bを形成する。この際、第1の吸着用電極4aの面積と、第2の吸着用電極4bの面積はほぼ等しくなるようにしておく。   As the ceramic substrate 2 constituting the electrostatic chuck 1, an aluminum nitride sintered body can be used. In producing the aluminum nitride sintered body, it is preferable to add aluminum oxide powder containing 0.5 to 1.5 mass% of oxygen and silicon oxide as a sintering aid. Furthermore, an acrylic binder and a solvent are added, and toluene and ceramic balls are mixed for 48 hours by a ball mill. The resulting aluminum nitride slurry is formed into a tape by a doctor blade method to form a plurality of green sheets. . Then, the first adsorption electrode 4a is formed by screen printing on the obtained aluminum nitride green sheet with a conductive paste. Further, the second adsorption electrode 4b is formed on another green sheet. At this time, the area of the first adsorption electrode 4a and the area of the second adsorption electrode 4b are set to be substantially equal.

しかるのち、各グリーンシートを所定の順序で積層するのであるが、図3に示すように第1の吸着用電極4aが第2の吸着用電極4bより吸着面3に近くなるように敷設する。また、積層する際は、グリーンシートを積み重ねる前に密着液を塗布しておく。ここで、密着液とは強い溶解力を持ち、グリーンシートの表面に塗布すると、その表面を侵して活性化させ、グリーンシート同士を熱圧着させ易くする作用を有するものである。   After that, the green sheets are stacked in a predetermined order, and as shown in FIG. 3, the first adsorption electrode 4a is laid so as to be closer to the adsorption surface 3 than the second adsorption electrode 4b. Further, when laminating, an adhesion liquid is applied before the green sheets are stacked. Here, the adhesion liquid has a strong dissolving power, and when applied to the surface of the green sheet, it has an action of invading and activating the surface and making the green sheets easily heat-bonded.

そして、密着液を塗布した各グリーンシートを積層し、圧力を加えながら熱圧着することによりグリーンシート積層体を製作し、このグリーンシート積層体に切削加工を施して円盤状とした成形体を非酸化性ガス気流中にて500℃で5時間程度の脱脂を行い、更に非酸化性雰囲気にて1900℃で5時間程度の焼成を行い、吸着用電極4a、4bがそれぞれ埋設された窒化アルミニウム質焼結体を得る。   Then, the green sheets coated with the adhesion liquid are laminated, and a green sheet laminated body is manufactured by thermocompression bonding while applying pressure, and the green sheet laminated body is cut to form a disk-shaped formed body. Degreasing at 500 ° C. for about 5 hours in an oxidizing gas stream, and further firing at 1900 ° C. for about 5 hours in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and the aluminum nitride material in which the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b are respectively embedded A sintered body is obtained.

こうして得られた窒化アルミニウム質焼結体を所望の形状、所望の吸着面3と第1の吸着用電極4aとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚み及び吸着面3と第2の吸着用電極4bとの間のセラミック誘電体層6の厚みが得られるように必要に応じて研削加工を施し、セラミック基体2とした。   The aluminum nitride sintered body thus obtained has a desired shape, a desired thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between the adsorption surface 3 and the first adsorption electrode 4a, and the adsorption surface 3 and the second adsorption electrode. A ceramic substrate 2 was obtained by grinding as necessary to obtain a thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer 6 between 4b.

次いで、セラミック基体2に研削加工を施し、吸着面3と反対側の表面に上記吸着用電極4a、4bに連通する穴を形成し、これらの穴に給電端子5をロウ付け等にて接合し、更に、吸着面3を所望の中心線平均粗さとなるよう研磨することにより、静電チャック1を得ることができる。   Next, the ceramic substrate 2 is ground to form holes communicating with the adsorption electrodes 4a and 4b on the surface opposite to the adsorption surface 3, and the feeding terminal 5 is joined to these holes by brazing or the like. Furthermore, the electrostatic chuck 1 can be obtained by polishing the attracting surface 3 to have a desired center line average roughness.

まず、酸素含有量1.5質量%の窒化アルミニウム粉末と酸素含有量0.5質量%の窒化アルミニウム粉末とにそれぞれ0.005〜0.5質量%の酸化珪素を添加した原料に夫々アクリル系のバインダーと溶媒を加え、トルエンとセラミックボールを用いてボールミルにより48時間混合し、得られた窒化アルミニウムの泥漿をドクターブレード法にてテープ成形を行いグリーンシートを複数枚成形する。得られた窒化アルミニウムのグリーンシート上に、図2(a)に示すような半円形状となるように各種の導体ペーストを用い、第1の吸着用電極をスクリーン印刷法で形成する。また、他のグリーンシートに第2の吸着用電極を形成する。この際、第1の吸着用電極と第2の吸着用電極の面積比は1.0となるようにする。   First, acrylic materials were respectively added to raw materials obtained by adding 0.005 to 0.5% by mass of silicon oxide to aluminum nitride powder having an oxygen content of 1.5% by mass and aluminum nitride powder having an oxygen content of 0.5% by mass. The binder and the solvent were added and mixed with toluene and ceramic balls by a ball mill for 48 hours, and the resulting aluminum nitride slurry was formed into a tape by a doctor blade method to form a plurality of green sheets. On the obtained green sheet of aluminum nitride, various conductive pastes are used to form a semicircular shape as shown in FIG. 2A, and the first adsorption electrode is formed by screen printing. Further, a second adsorption electrode is formed on another green sheet. At this time, the area ratio of the first adsorption electrode and the second adsorption electrode is set to 1.0.

しかるのち、第1の吸着用電極が第2の吸着用電極より吸着面に近くなるように敷設した後、密着液を塗布した各グリーンシートを積層し、圧力を加えながら熱圧着させてグリーンシート積層体を製作し、このグリーンシート積層体に切削加工を施して円板状とした成形体を形成した。   After that, after laying so that the first adsorption electrode is closer to the adsorption surface than the second adsorption electrode, the green sheets to which the adhesion liquid is applied are laminated and thermocompression bonded while applying pressure. A laminate was manufactured, and the green sheet laminate was cut to form a disk-shaped molded body.

上記成形体を非酸化性ガス気流中にて500℃で5時間程度の脱脂を行い、更に非酸化性雰囲気にて1900℃で5時間程度の焼成を行い、第1の吸着用電極と第2の吸着用電極がそれぞれ埋設された窒化アルミニウム質焼結体を得た。   The molded body is degreased at 500 ° C. for about 5 hours in a non-oxidizing gas stream, and further baked at 1900 ° C. for about 5 hours in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to obtain the first adsorption electrode and the second electrode. Thus, an aluminum nitride sintered body in which each of the adsorption electrodes was embedded was obtained.

こうして得られた窒化アルミニウム質焼結体に研削加工を施し、外径200mm、板厚みが10mmとし、吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みと、吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みをそれぞれ変更した複数のセラミック基体を作製した。   The aluminum nitride sintered body thus obtained is ground to an outer diameter of 200 mm and a plate thickness of 10 mm. The thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode, the adsorption surface, A plurality of ceramic substrates each having a different thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the second adsorbing electrodes was produced.

その後、各セラミック基体の吸着面と反対側の表面に各吸着用電極に連通する穴を形成し、これらの穴に給電端子をロウ付けした。その後、吸着面を中心線平均粗さ(Ra)で0.1μmとなるようラッピング研磨をして各種の静電チャックを作製した。   Thereafter, holes communicating with the respective adsorption electrodes were formed on the surface opposite to the adsorption surface of each ceramic substrate, and a power supply terminal was brazed to these holes. Thereafter, lapping polishing was performed so that the attracting surface had a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.1 μm to produce various electrostatic chucks.

セラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗の測定方法は、内部にWからなる電極が埋設された成形体を静電チャックと同様の方法で形成した後、静電チャックと同時に焼成を行い、得られた焼結体に研削加工を施して外径50mm、厚み2mmとし、電極が埋設されている側の表面から電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みが1mmのセラミック基体を作製する。次いで、このセラミック基体に日本工業規格C2141に基づき、銀ペーストを塗布した後、250℃で焼成することにより電極を焼き付け、次に電極を焼き付けたセラミック基体を真空中、250℃で1時間熱処理した後にドライ窒素を導入し、窒素雰囲気中の室温(25℃)おいて絶縁計を用いて測定した。セラミック基体の温度を300℃にして体積固有抵抗値を測定した所、1010Ω・cmであった。 The volume resistivity of the ceramic dielectric layer was obtained by forming a molded body in which an electrode made of W was embedded in the same manner as the electrostatic chuck, and then firing it at the same time as the electrostatic chuck. The sintered body is ground to have an outer diameter of 50 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, and a ceramic substrate having a ceramic dielectric layer thickness of 1 mm between the electrode and the surface where the electrode is embedded is produced. Next, after applying a silver paste to this ceramic substrate in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard C2141, the electrode was baked by firing at 250 ° C., and then the ceramic substrate on which the electrode was baked was heat-treated at 250 ° C. for 1 hour in a vacuum. Thereafter, dry nitrogen was introduced, and measurement was performed using an insulating meter at room temperature (25 ° C.) in a nitrogen atmosphere. When the volume resistivity was measured at a temperature of 300 ° C. of the ceramic substrate, it was 10 10 Ω · cm.

電極材質及び吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比をそれぞれ変更した場合の、第1の吸着用電極側と第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力及びウェハ面内温度バラツキについてそれぞれ測定を行なった。   When the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the electrode material and the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is changed, respectively The measurement was performed on the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode side and the second adsorption electrode side and the temperature variation in the wafer surface.

吸着力の測定は、静電チャックを300℃に加熱した状態で、第1の吸着用電極側の給電端子に+250V、1インチ角のウェハに−250Vを印加し、第1の吸着用電極側の吸着面にウェハを吸着させ、このウェハをロードセルにて引き剥がすのに要した力を第1の吸着用電極側の吸着力とした。なお、測定は4回行いその平均値を測定値とした。また、同様に第2の吸着用電極側の給電端子に−250V、1インチ角のウェハに+250Vを印加し、第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力を測定した。   The suction force is measured by applying + 250V to the power supply terminal on the first suction electrode side and -250V to the 1 inch square wafer with the electrostatic chuck heated to 300 ° C. The force required to adsorb the wafer to the adsorbing surface and peel off the wafer with the load cell was defined as the adsorbing force on the first adsorbing electrode side. The measurement was performed 4 times, and the average value was taken as the measured value. Similarly, −250 V was applied to the power supply terminal on the second suction electrode side and +250 V was applied to a 1 inch square wafer, and the suction force on the second suction electrode side was measured.

ウェハ面内温度バラツキは、静電チャックを300℃に加熱した状態で、両給電端子に+250V、8インチの測温ウェハに−250Vを印加して吸着面にウェハを吸着させ、測定点13箇所の最大温度と最小温度と差を測定点13箇所の平均値で除した値をバラツキとして計算した。面内温度のバラツキが小さい試料ほど、ウェハWの均熱性が優れていると言える。   The wafer surface temperature variation was measured at 13 points by applying + 250V to both power supply terminals and -250V to the 8-inch temperature measuring wafer while the electrostatic chuck was heated to 300 ° C to attract the wafer to the suction surface. The value obtained by dividing the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature by the average value of 13 measurement points was calculated as the variation. It can be said that the sample with the smaller variation in the in-plane temperature has better thermal uniformity of the wafer W.

本発明の比較例として、吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比が0.5及び1.0の試料を準備し、それ以外は他の試料と同様に作製し、評価を行った。   As a comparative example of the present invention, the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is 0. Samples of .5 and 1.0 were prepared, and other samples were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as other samples.

表1にその結果を示す。

Figure 2007173592
Table 1 shows the results.
Figure 2007173592

試料No.7は、吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比が0.5であることから、第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力が第1の吸着用電極側の吸着力の4.2倍と大きいため吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が悪く、ウェハ面内温度バラツキが15%と大きく劣っていた。   Sample No. 7 is the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is 0.5. Therefore, the adsorption force on the second adsorption electrode side is 4.2 times larger than the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode side, so the heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer is poor, and the temperature variation in the wafer surface is It was inferior at 15%.

試料No.8は、吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比が1.0であることから、第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力が第1の吸着用電極側の吸着力の3.1倍と大きいため吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が悪く、ウェハ面内温度バラツキが10%と大きかった。   Sample No. 8, the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is 1.0. Therefore, since the adsorption force on the second adsorption electrode side is as large as 3.1 times the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode side, the heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer is poor, and the in-wafer temperature variation does not occur. It was as large as 10%.

また、試料No.12は吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比が6.0で本発明の範囲内であるが、第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力が第1の吸着用電極側の吸着力の0.67倍であるため、吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が悪く、ウェハ面内温度バラツキが6%と劣っていた。   Sample No. 12 is a ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is 6.0. However, since the adsorption force on the second adsorption electrode side is 0.67 times the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode side, the heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer is poor, and the wafer The in-plane temperature variation was inferior at 6%.

これに対し、試料No.1〜No.6及び試料No.9〜No.11は吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比が2.0〜5.0であり、第2の吸着用電極側の吸着力が第1の吸着用電極側の吸着力の0.84〜1.3倍となるため、吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が良くなり、ウェハの面内温度バラツキが6%未満と小さく優れていた。   In contrast, sample no. 1-No. 6 and Sample No. 9-No. 11 is the ratio of the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode to the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode is 2.0-5. 0, the adsorption force on the second adsorption electrode side is 0.84 to 1.3 times the adsorption force on the first adsorption electrode side, so the heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer is improved. The in-plane temperature variation of the wafer was small and excellent, less than 6%.

実施例1と同様に吸着用電極の形状を半円形の双極形とした。吸着用電極の材質としてWを用い、第1の吸着用電極と第2の吸着用電極の面積比が1.0、吸着面と第1の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みに対する吸着面と第2の吸着用電極の間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みの比を3.0とした窒化アルミニウムからなるセラミック基体を複数作製した。   Similar to Example 1, the shape of the electrode for adsorption was a semicircular bipolar shape. W is used as the material of the adsorption electrode, the area ratio of the first adsorption electrode and the second adsorption electrode is 1.0, and the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode A plurality of ceramic substrates made of aluminum nitride having a ceramic dielectric layer thickness ratio of 3.0 between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode were prepared.

その後、実施例1と同様に各セラミック基体の吸着面と反対側の表面に各吸着用電極に連通する穴を形成し、これらの穴に給電端子をロウ付けして静電チャックを作製した。   Thereafter, similarly to Example 1, holes communicating with the respective adsorption electrodes were formed on the surface opposite to the adsorption surface of each ceramic substrate, and a power supply terminal was brazed to these holes to produce an electrostatic chuck.

静電チャックの使用温度を変更してセラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗値が変化した時の吸着力についてそれぞれ測定を行なった。セラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗値は、実施例1と同様に測定した。   The adsorption force was measured when the volume resistivity of the ceramic dielectric layer was changed by changing the operating temperature of the electrostatic chuck. The volume resistivity value of the ceramic dielectric layer was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.

吸着力の測定は、静電チャックをそれぞれの使用温度に加熱した状態で、両給電端子に+250V、8インチ角のウェハに−250Vを印加して吸着面にウェハを吸着させ、このウェハをロードセルにて引き剥がすのに要した力を吸着力とした。また、この際生じる漏れ電流を微小電流計により測定した。   For the measurement of the suction force, with the electrostatic chuck heated to the respective service temperature, + 250V is applied to both power supply terminals, -250V is applied to the 8-inch square wafer, and the wafer is sucked onto the suction surface. The force required for peeling off with was taken as the adsorption force. Further, the leakage current generated at this time was measured with a microammeter.

表2にその結果を示す。

Figure 2007173592
Table 2 shows the results.
Figure 2007173592

試料No.1は使用温度600℃において、セラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗値が10Ω・cmであることから吸着力が大きく、吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が良くなるため、ウェハ面内温度バラツキが0.3%と優れていたが、漏れ電流が4mAと大きいためウェハ上の回路に悪影響を及ぼす虞があった。 Sample No. No. 1 has a volume resistivity value of 10 7 Ω · cm at a working temperature of 600 ° C., and therefore has a large adsorption force and improves heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer. The variation was excellent at 0.3%, but the leakage current was as large as 4 mA, which may adversely affect the circuit on the wafer.

試料No.5は使用温度50℃において、セラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗値が1014Ω・cmであることから漏れ電流が0.01mA未満となり優れていたが、吸着力が小さいため、吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が悪くなり、ウェハ面内温度バラツキが6%と劣っていた。 Sample No. No. 5 had an excellent leakage current of less than 0.01 mA because the volume resistivity value of the ceramic dielectric layer was 10 14 Ω · cm at an operating temperature of 50 ° C. However, since the adsorption power was small, the adsorption surface and the wafer During this period, the heat exchange efficiency deteriorated, and the temperature variation within the wafer surface was inferior at 6%.

これに対し、試料No.2〜No.4は、使用温度120℃〜500℃において、セラミック誘電体層の体積固有抵抗値が10Ω・cm〜1013Ω・cmであることから、ジョンソン・ラーベック力により大きな吸着力が得られるため、吸着面とウェハ間の熱交換効率が良くなり、面内温度バラツキが1%以下と優れていた。 In contrast, sample no. 2-No. No. 4 has a volume resistivity of 10 8 Ω · cm to 10 13 Ω · cm at a use temperature of 120 ° C. to 500 ° C., so that a large adsorption force can be obtained by the Johnson-Rahbek force. The heat exchange efficiency between the adsorption surface and the wafer was improved, and the in-plane temperature variation was excellent at 1% or less.

(a)は本発明の概略の斜視図、(b)は(a)のX−X線の概略の断面図を示す。(A) is a schematic perspective view of the present invention, and (b) is a schematic sectional view taken along line XX of (a). (a)〜(d)は静電吸着用の電極の様々なパターン形状を示す概略の平面図である。(A)-(d) is a schematic plan view which shows various pattern shapes of the electrode for electrostatic attraction. 本発明に係る静電チャックの製造方法を説明するための概略図である。It is the schematic for demonstrating the manufacturing method of the electrostatic chuck which concerns on this invention. 従来の静電チャックを示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the conventional electrostatic chuck. 従来の静電チャックを示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the conventional electrostatic chuck. 従来の静電チャックを示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the conventional electrostatic chuck.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1、41:静電チャック
2、42:セラミック基体
3、43:吸着面
4a、44a:第1の吸着用電極
4b、44b:第2の吸着用電極
5、45:給電端子
6、46:セラミック誘電体層
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 41: Electrostatic chuck 2, 42: Ceramic base | substrate 3, 43: Adsorption surface 4a, 44a: 1st adsorption electrode 4b, 44b: 2nd adsorption electrode 5, 45: Feeding terminal 6, 46: Ceramic Dielectric layer

Claims (2)

セラミック基体上に、被保持物の吸着面を有するセラミック誘電体層と、正電圧が印加される第1の吸着用電極及び負電圧が印加される第2の吸着用電極を備えた静電チャックにおいて、前記セラミック誘電体層が純度98質量%以上の窒化アルミニウムであり、前記吸着用電極の主成分がMo、W、Tiまたはこれらの合金、TiN、WC、TiCの少なくとも一種の焼結体からなり、前記吸着面と前記第1の吸着用電極との間の前記セラミック誘電体層の厚みよりも前記吸着面と前記第2の吸着用電極との間のセラミック誘電体層の厚みが厚いことを特徴とする静電チャック。 An electrostatic chuck comprising a ceramic dielectric layer having an adsorption surface of an object to be held on a ceramic substrate, a first adsorption electrode to which a positive voltage is applied, and a second adsorption electrode to which a negative voltage is applied The ceramic dielectric layer is aluminum nitride having a purity of 98% by mass or more, and the main component of the adsorption electrode is Mo, W, Ti or an alloy thereof, TiN, WC, TiC, and at least one sintered body. And the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the second adsorption electrode is larger than the thickness of the ceramic dielectric layer between the adsorption surface and the first adsorption electrode. An electrostatic chuck characterized by 前記セラミック誘電体層は、前記被保持物の吸着時における体積固有抵抗値が10〜1013Ω・cmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の静電チャック。 2. The electrostatic chuck according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic dielectric layer has a volume resistivity value of 10 8 to 10 13 Ω · cm when the object to be held is attracted.
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