JP2007166468A - Fsk modulator - Google Patents

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JP2007166468A
JP2007166468A JP2005362861A JP2005362861A JP2007166468A JP 2007166468 A JP2007166468 A JP 2007166468A JP 2005362861 A JP2005362861 A JP 2005362861A JP 2005362861 A JP2005362861 A JP 2005362861A JP 2007166468 A JP2007166468 A JP 2007166468A
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idt
frequency
saw resonator
fsk modulator
circuit
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道明 ▲高▼木
Michiaki Takagi
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Seiko Epson Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce variations in an output amplitude during frequency switching in an FSK modulator. <P>SOLUTION: In an FSK modulator comprised of a SAW resonator, including two vibrating states, formed on a piezoelectric plate, an amplifier and an SW circuit, the SAW resonator is constituted as a two-port type disposing a main IDT, a gate IDT and sub IDT obtained by dividing one IDT into three or four and a pair of reflectors, and an AGC circuit is provided in which polarities of the main IDT and the sub IDT are same or reverse in the SW circuit and connected to the amplifier of an oscillator, and which has two frequencies of fL and fH resulting from exciting first and second vibrating states and can further suppress an amplitude change of about 3dB while difference between the two frequencies is within a half-value width determined from a Q factor of the SAW resonator. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、水晶等の安定な周波数を発生できる圧電体SAW共振子を使用してFSK変調を直接に行うことができるFSK変調器に関する。   The present invention relates to an FSK modulator that can directly perform FSK modulation using a piezoelectric SAW resonator that can generate a stable frequency such as crystal.

従来、圧電気を有する水晶STカット基板(圧電体平板の一例)を用いて構成するSAW共振子は、その周波数温度特性が零温度係数をもち精度が良くかつ、所望の周波数を直接発振が可能であるために、各種無線系の圧電発振器に使用されているが、これはジッタが無く位相ノイズに優れた信号が高信頼性かつ低コストに容易に得られるという長所があるためである。   Conventionally, SAW resonators constructed using a quartz ST-cut substrate with piezoelectricity (an example of a piezoelectric flat plate) have a frequency temperature characteristic with a zero temperature coefficient and high accuracy, and can directly oscillate a desired frequency. Therefore, it is used in various types of wireless piezoelectric oscillators because it has an advantage that a signal having no jitter and excellent phase noise can be easily obtained with high reliability and low cost.

この理由から近年、乗用車のドアの自動開閉にはSAW共振子を用いた微弱無線機(キーレスエントリー装置)が多数使用されるに至っている。この微弱無線機には周波数可変できるSAW発振器を構成したFSK変調器が使われている。   For this reason, in recent years, many weak wireless devices (keyless entry devices) using SAW resonators have been used for automatic opening and closing of passenger car doors. This weak radio uses an FSK modulator that constitutes a SAW oscillator whose frequency can be varied.

しかしながら、前述の従来技術を使用したものはいずれもFSK変調する2つの周波数の発生手段として、伸張コイルと切換電圧発生回路と可変容量ダイオード等の素子を付加して使用することが必要である(例えば、特許文献1参照)。このためこれら部品によりコストアップとなる他、周波数調整の際に各素子のバラツキが重なって生産上で歩留まりが低下するという不具合を生じることがあった。また最近になって、前記装置の小形化要請が強まりFSK変調器の小形化も必要になって来た。   However, any of the devices using the above-mentioned conventional technology needs to use elements such as an extension coil, a switching voltage generation circuit, and a variable capacitance diode as a means for generating two frequencies for FSK modulation ( For example, see Patent Document 1). For this reason, in addition to an increase in cost due to these components, there is a problem in that variations in the elements overlap during frequency adjustment, resulting in a decrease in production yield. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for downsizing of the apparatus, and downsizing of the FSK modulator has become necessary.

本発明はかかる課題を解決するものでその目的とするところは、SAW共振子のみで振幅変動の少ない2周波数信号の発生を実現することにより、外付け素子である伸張コイル、可変容量ダイオード等を無くして、低ジッタ,小形かつ低コストなFSK変調器を市場に提供することにある。   The present invention solves such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to realize an expansion coil, a variable capacitance diode, or the like as an external element by realizing generation of a two-frequency signal with small amplitude fluctuation using only a SAW resonator. The goal is to provide a low-jitter, small and low-cost FSK modulator on the market.

特開平1−252016号公報JP-A-1-252016

(1)本発明のFSK変調器は、圧電体平板上に形成された2個の振動状態を有するSAW共振子と、増幅器とSW回路とからなるFSK変調器において、
前記SAW共振子は、1個のIDTを3つあるいは4つに分割して主IDTとゲイトIDTおよび副IDTを構成し、前記1個のIDT両側に1対の反射器を配置した2ポート型のSAW共振子からなり、かつ前記主IDTと前記副IDTの極性を前記SW回路にて同符号として発振器の増幅器に接続して、第1の振動状態を励振して第1の発振周波数fHを発生し、また、前記主IDTと前記副IDTの極性を前記のSW回路にて逆符号として発振器の増幅器に接続して、第2の振動状態を励振して前記第1と若干異なる第2の発振周波数fLを発生しかつ前記fHとfLの周波数差dFは各々の振動状態が有するアドミタンス特性の中心周波数の3dB幅以内であり、さらに前記第1と第2の振動状態の切り替え時に発生する3dB程度の出力振幅変動を抑圧するAGC回路をあわせて構成しとことを特徴とする。
(1) An FSK modulator of the present invention is an FSK modulator comprising a SAW resonator having two vibration states formed on a piezoelectric plate, an amplifier, and a SW circuit.
The SAW resonator is a two-port type in which one IDT is divided into three or four to form a main IDT, a gate IDT, and a sub-IDT, and a pair of reflectors are arranged on both sides of the one IDT. And the polarity of the main IDT and that of the sub-IDT are connected to the amplifier of the oscillator with the same sign in the SW circuit to excite the first vibration state to obtain the first oscillation frequency fH. And the polarity of the main IDT and the sub-IDT are connected to the amplifier of the oscillator as the opposite sign in the SW circuit to excite the second vibration state and slightly different from the first The oscillation frequency fL is generated, and the frequency difference dF between the fH and fL is within 3 dB width of the center frequency of the admittance characteristic of each vibration state, and further 3 dB generated when switching between the first and second vibration states. Degree out Wherein the O constitute together an AGC circuit for suppressing the amplitude fluctuation.

この構成によれば、第1と第2の振動状態を切り替える際に発生するSAW共振子を通過する電流値の変動が3dB以内(100に対して70となる30%の変化)と比較的小さくなり、結果としFSK変調器の出力信号の振幅変動を3dB程度の振幅抑圧が可能な簡易なAGC回路により増幅器の増幅率を調整すればよく容易に安定FSK変調器が実現できるという効果がある。   According to this configuration, the fluctuation of the current value passing through the SAW resonator generated when switching between the first and second vibration states is relatively small within 3 dB (30% change to 70 with respect to 100). As a result, there is an effect that a stable FSK modulator can be easily realized by adjusting the amplification factor of the amplifier by a simple AGC circuit capable of suppressing the amplitude fluctuation of the output signal of the FSK modulator by about 3 dB.

(2)本発明のFSK変調器は、前記SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態が縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0からなり、かつ共振子のQ値が1万±5000であり、両者の周波数差が周波数の変化率dF/f0にして100±30ppm程度である構成としても良い。 (2) In the FSK modulator of the present invention, the two vibration states of the SAW resonator are composed of a longitudinal symmetric mode S0 and a longitudinal oblique symmetric mode A0, and the Q value of the resonator is 10,000 ± 5000. There may be a configuration in which the frequency difference between them is a frequency change rate dF / f0 of about 100 ± 30 ppm.

上記(2)の構成であれば、2つの発生周波数fL、fHを各々が形成する発振回路の位相ノイズ特性のカットオフ周波数Fc範囲に配置させることができ、従って周波数の切り替え時において、fHからfLあるいはfLからfH状態への発振の立ちあがりが容易となって周波数の移行が迅速になり、また振幅変動は小さいという効果がある。   With the configuration of (2) above, the two generated frequencies fL and fH can be arranged in the cut-off frequency Fc range of the phase noise characteristics of the oscillation circuit formed by each, and therefore, when switching the frequency, from fH There are effects that the rise of oscillation from the fL or fL state to the fH state is facilitated, the frequency shift is quick, and the amplitude fluctuation is small.

(3)本発明のFSK変調器は、前記SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態は縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0の周波数差が、中心周波数が312±30MHzにおいて30±3kHz、中心周波数が433±40MHzにおいて43±4kHz、中心周波数が860±86MHzにおいて、86±8kHzとする構成であっても良い。 (3) In the FSK modulator of the present invention, in the two vibration states of the SAW resonator, the frequency difference between the longitudinal symmetric mode S0 and the longitudinal oblique symmetric mode A0 is 30 ± 3 kHz when the center frequency is 312 ± 30 MHz. The center frequency may be 43 ± 4 kHz at 433 ± 40 MHz, and 86 ± 8 kHz at the center frequency of 860 ± 86 MHz.

上記(3)の構成であれば、現在市場において最もよく使用される周波数帯において、安定なFSK変調器を提供できるという効果がある。   With the configuration (3) above, there is an effect that a stable FSK modulator can be provided in the frequency band most frequently used in the current market.

以下本発明のFSK変調器の実施形態について、図1によって具体的回路の実施例をブロック図にて説明した後、図3には本発明で使用される2固の振動状態が実現できる2モード型SAW共振子の具体的な電極パターンの構成を図により説明し、さらに図2、図4図5、図6と図7をもちいてその動作状態を詳細に解説する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the FSK modulator of the present invention will be described with reference to a block diagram of an example of a specific circuit with reference to FIG. 1, and then FIG. 3 shows two modes that can realize two vibration states used in the present invention. A specific electrode pattern configuration of the type SAW resonator will be described with reference to the drawings, and the operation state will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. FIG.

図1は請求項1の本発明に係わるFSK変調器の一実施例について、その構成をブロック図にて図示したものである。   FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of an FSK modulator according to the present invention.

図1中の各部位の名称は、100は前記の2モード型SAW共振子、101は増幅器、1013はAGC回路、102と103はバイポーラあるいはMOSトランジスタからなるSW(スイッチ)回路、105はFSK変調器への入力データ信号端子、104はFSK変調器の出力信号端子である。さらに、100の2モード型SAW共振子は表面波が伝搬する1つのトラックからなり、1011は主IDTが形成された部分であり、1012は周波数切り替え制御側の副IDTが形成された部分である。副IDTへの正負極性の端子接続は、前記の切り替えSW回路102と103およびFSK変調器への入力信号端子105へのH(+1),L(0)信号により設定できる。例えば、入力信号がH(+1)に状態においては、SW回路102と103はいずれも端子2の状態に接続する。この状態においては、主IDT11011の位相と副IDT10121は同一位相電圧が加えられて励振される。また、入力信号がL(0)の場合においては、SW回路102と103はいずれも端子1の状態に接続する。この状態においては、主IDT1011の位相と副IDT1012の位相は180°異なる位相にて増幅器101に接続されて励振される。   In FIG. 1, the names of the respective parts are as follows: 100 is the above-mentioned two-mode SAW resonator, 101 is an amplifier, 1013 is an AGC circuit, 102 and 103 are SW (switch) circuits made of bipolar or MOS transistors, and 105 is FSK modulation. An input data signal terminal 104 is an output signal terminal of the FSK modulator. Further, 100 two-mode SAW resonator is composed of one track through which surface waves propagate, 1011 is a portion where a main IDT is formed, and 1012 is a portion where a sub-IDT on the frequency switching control side is formed. . Positive and negative terminal connection to the sub-IDT can be set by the H (+1) and L (0) signals to the switching SW circuits 102 and 103 and the input signal terminal 105 to the FSK modulator. For example, when the input signal is in the H (+1) state, both the SW circuits 102 and 103 are connected to the state of the terminal 2. In this state, the phase of the main IDT 11011 and the sub IDT 10121 are excited by applying the same phase voltage. When the input signal is L (0), both the SW circuits 102 and 103 are connected to the state of the terminal 1. In this state, the phase of the main IDT 1011 and the phase of the sub IDT 1012 are excited by being connected to the amplifier 101 at a phase different by 180 °.

つぎに図1のブロック図が示す回路につき、動作状態の説明を図2により行う。図2は本発明の図1に対応したFSK変調器の動作波形を示すものである。横軸Tは、時間を意味する。図中の上段の201は入力信号端子105の電位である。中段の202は出力信号端子104の電位、下段の203は前記RF信号が有する発振周波数fの変化である。
また、下段の204はAGC回路1013が発生する制御電圧Vcであり、増幅器101に入力させて、SAW共振子の電流の大きさに逆比例して増幅度を制御してRF信号振幅を一定とする。図1と図2の状態では入力信号データのH(+1)に対応してS0モード(fH)が、0に対応してA0(fL)モードが動作する。
Next, the operation state of the circuit shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 shows operation waveforms of the FSK modulator corresponding to FIG. 1 of the present invention. The horizontal axis T means time. The upper part 201 in the figure is the potential of the input signal terminal 105. The middle stage 202 is the potential of the output signal terminal 104, and the lower stage 203 is a change in the oscillation frequency f of the RF signal.
A lower stage 204 is a control voltage Vc generated by the AGC circuit 1013, which is input to the amplifier 101 to control the amplification in inverse proportion to the magnitude of the current of the SAW resonator, thereby making the RF signal amplitude constant. To do. In the states of FIGS. 1 and 2, the S0 mode (fH) operates in response to H (+1) of the input signal data, and the A0 (fL) mode operates in response to 0.

つぎに、図1の2モード型SAW共振子100につき図3をもちいて説明する。図3は2モード型SAW共振子100の電極パーンの配置を示す平面図である。まず2モード型SAW共振子100に使用する圧電体平板(300)を説明する。前圧電体平板300は、例えば面内回転STカット水晶板でありレイリー型表面波で動作するもので、水晶結晶の基本軸である電気軸Xと光軸Zの2軸が作る面を主面とするY板を電気軸Xの回りに反時計方向にθ度(特に零温度係数が得られるθ=31度から42度)回転した基板において、さらに前記基板の法線軸の回りに前記電気X軸からの面内の回転角Ψが±(40〜46)度である方位を弾性表面波の位相伝播方位軸としたものである。あるいはまた、前記の圧電体平板はSH型表面波で動作する水晶基板であってもよい。つぎに前記圧電体平板の表面を鏡面研磨した後、レイリー型あるいはSH型等の弾性表面波の位相伝搬方向軸に対して直交して、例えば金属アルミニウムからなる多数の平行導体の電極指を周期的に配置した少なくとも1個のIDT(すだれ状電極とも呼ぶ)を構成し、その両側に1対の反射器301、305を形成して1個のSAW共振子を構成することができる。   Next, the two-mode SAW resonator 100 of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the electrode patterns of the two-mode SAW resonator 100. First, the piezoelectric flat plate (300) used for the two-mode SAW resonator 100 will be described. The front piezoelectric plate 300 is, for example, an in-plane rotating ST-cut quartz plate and operates with a Rayleigh type surface wave. The main surface is formed by two axes of an electric axis X and an optical axis Z, which are basic axes of a quartz crystal. In the substrate rotated Y degrees counterclockwise around the electric axis X (particularly θ = 31 degrees to 42 degrees at which a zero temperature coefficient is obtained), the electric X is further rotated around the normal axis of the substrate. The orientation in which the in-plane rotation angle Ψ from the axis is ± (40 to 46) degrees is the phase propagation azimuth axis of the surface acoustic wave. Alternatively, the piezoelectric plate may be a quartz substrate that operates with an SH type surface wave. Next, after the surface of the piezoelectric plate is mirror-polished, electrode fingers of a number of parallel conductors made of, for example, metal aluminum are periodically formed perpendicular to the phase propagation direction axis of the Rayleigh type or SH type surface acoustic wave. One SAW resonator can be formed by forming at least one IDT (also called a comb-like electrode) arranged in a regular manner and forming a pair of reflectors 301 and 305 on both sides thereof.

図3において、300は前述の圧電体平板であり、301と305は反射器、302は主IDT(主すだれ状電極)、304は副IDT(副すだれ状電極)、303はゲイトIDT、306は主IDTへの正負極性の入力端子、307は副IDTへの入力端子である。またIDT領域中の斜線で形成された部位311はIDTの正負極性からなる電極指群への給電導体部位であり、いずれも前述のアルミニウム電極等の金属で形成されている。301と302,303,304,305の全体で1個の2モード型SAW共振子を構成している。   In FIG. 3, 300 is the above-described piezoelectric plate, 301 and 305 are reflectors, 302 is a main IDT (main interdigital electrode), 304 is a sub IDT (subinterdigital electrode), 303 is a gate IDT, 306 is Positive and negative input terminals to the main IDT, 307 is an input terminal to the sub-IDT. Further, a portion 311 formed by oblique lines in the IDT region is a feeding conductor portion to the electrode finger group having positive and negative polarities of the IDT, and all are made of a metal such as the aforementioned aluminum electrode. 301, 302, 303, 304, and 305 constitute one two-mode SAW resonator.

前記SAW共振子は表面波にて動作して2つの定常振動を形つくるが、両者は1個のSAW共振子内において相互に弾性的に結合するように設計することが必要である。この状態を効果的に形成するために、303のゲイトIDTが必要である。STカットの場合においては、このゲイトIDTの電極周期長P(X)を、左右両側の主IDT302と副IDT304が有する電極周期長PT0のいずれにに対しても、大きく設定することにより振動の変位状態を制御して、対称モードS0と斜対称モードA0を効果的に発生させることができる。ちなみに、図1には記載しないが前記の電極周期長とは各IDTを構成する電極指の電極幅(ライン)と電極指導体間の距離(スペース)と通常定義されるものである。また、前記対称モードS0とは主電極領域の振動振幅の包絡線変位U(X)が副IDT領域の振動振幅の包絡線変位と同位相の状態であり、前記斜対称モードA0とは主電極領域の振動振幅の包絡線変位が副IDT領域の振動振幅の包絡線変位とが逆位相の状態のことである(詳細は図6の説明を参照のこと)。端子306に接続する主IDT302は常にFSK変調器の増幅回路に接続されて、S0およびA0モードの振動変位の片側部分を励振する。一方304の副IDTは、S0とA0モードを選択して励振できるように、IDTに加える駆動電圧の極性を設定するように制御する。S0モードを選択する場合には、主IDTと副IDTの電極指の極性を同一符号(+)とし、A0モードの選択の場合には、主IDTと副IDTの電極指の極性を逆符号(+/−)の関係に設定する。前記3個のIDT(主IDT,副IDT,ゲイトIDT)はひとつのIDTを3つに分割して形成することができる。前記の分割は給電導体を3つ区間に分離して例えば主IDT302の給電導体311を形成するものである。本発明における図1の2モード型SAW共振子の構成条件の1例を示すと前述の水晶STカットあるいは回転STカットにおいて、アルミ電極の膜厚みhに対する利用する弾性表面波の波長λの比h/λが0.02から0.03であり、IDTの総対数M=160対,主IDTが80対,副IDTが30から80対,浮き電極が0から50対、ゲイトIDTは20から40対で電極周期比が1.02から1.04,IDTの交叉幅が40波長,反射器は90本である。   The SAW resonator operates with surface waves to form two stationary vibrations, and both must be designed to be elastically coupled to each other within a single SAW resonator. In order to effectively form this state, 303 gate IDTs are required. In the case of ST cut, the displacement of vibration is obtained by setting the electrode period length P (X) of the gate IDT larger than both the electrode period length PT0 of the main IDT 302 and the sub IDT 304 on both the left and right sides. The state can be controlled to effectively generate the symmetric mode S0 and the oblique symmetric mode A0. Incidentally, although not shown in FIG. 1, the above-mentioned electrode cycle length is normally defined as the electrode width (line) of electrode fingers constituting each IDT and the distance (space) between electrode guides. The symmetry mode S0 is a state in which the envelope displacement U (X) of the vibration amplitude of the main electrode region is in phase with the envelope displacement of the vibration amplitude of the sub-IDT region. The envelope displacement of the vibration amplitude of the region is in an opposite phase to the envelope displacement of the vibration amplitude of the sub-IDT region (refer to the description of FIG. 6 for details). The main IDT 302 connected to the terminal 306 is always connected to the amplifier circuit of the FSK modulator, and excites one side portion of the vibration displacement in the S0 and A0 modes. On the other hand, the sub IDT 304 controls to set the polarity of the drive voltage applied to the IDT so that the S0 and A0 modes can be selected and excited. When the S0 mode is selected, the polarities of the electrode fingers of the main IDT and the sub IDT are set to the same sign (+). When the A0 mode is selected, the polarities of the electrode fingers of the main IDT and the sub IDT are reversed ( Set the relationship to +/-). The three IDTs (main IDT, secondary IDT, and gate IDT) can be formed by dividing one IDT into three. In the division described above, the power supply conductor is divided into three sections to form the power supply conductor 311 of the main IDT 302, for example. An example of the configuration conditions of the two-mode SAW resonator of FIG. 1 according to the present invention is the ratio h of the wavelength λ of the surface acoustic wave used to the film thickness h of the aluminum electrode in the above-mentioned quartz ST cut or rotational ST cut. / Λ is 0.02 to 0.03, total IDT logarithm M = 160 pairs, main IDT 80 pairs, secondary IDT 30 to 80 pairs, floating electrode 0 to 50 pairs, gate IDT 20 to 40 The pair has an electrode cycle ratio of 1.02 to 1.04, an IDT crossing width of 40 wavelengths, and 90 reflectors.

つぎに図4は本発明の312MHzのFSK変調器がfH,fLいずれかの1つの周波数状態で発振した場合におけるいわゆるSSB位相ノイズ特性である。図中の401が位相ノイズ特性Sc(f)であり、402は発振器が有する1/fノイズ特性である。横軸は発振周波数からの離調周波数で10の桁数と通常の表示Fm(Hz)にて表示した。直線401が1/fノイズ直線から立ちあがるfの-3乗特性であり、周波数Fcはカットオフ周波数と呼ばれており図4の場合は15kHzであることを示す。   FIG. 4 shows so-called SSB phase noise characteristics when the 312 MHz FSK modulator of the present invention oscillates in one frequency state of fH and fL. 401 in the figure is the phase noise characteristic Sc (f), and 402 is the 1 / f noise characteristic of the oscillator. The horizontal axis is the detuning frequency from the oscillation frequency and is displayed with the number of digits of 10 and the normal display Fm (Hz). A straight line 401 is a characteristic of f −3 rising from a 1 / f noise straight line, and the frequency Fc is called a cut-off frequency, and in the case of FIG. 4, it is 15 kHz.

つぎに、本発明のFSK変調器に発生するS0とA0モードの振動モードにつき図5と図6でさらに詳しく説明する。図5は本発明による図3の構成にて実現する2モード型SAW共振子のアドミタンス特性Y(f)の場合であり、同図縦軸は20log10(Y(f))(dB)かつ単位はシーメンスにて表示し、横軸は周波数変化率df/f0,単位は10-6のppmにより表示した場合である。図中の501が前記S0モード,502がA0モードである。両者の共振周波数fL,fH(破線)の差(fH-fL)/fLは50〜200ppmと近接させることが可能である。つぎに、図6は本発明の図3の構成にて実現するS0モードおよびA0モードにつき、動作周波数fを変化させて共振点付近での振動変位振幅U(X)の状態を図示したものである。ただし、Xは図3の素子における長手方向の座標軸X(312)である。これによって図5のアドミタンス特性図ではわからない内部の変位状態をみることができる。図中上段の(a)図の実線601が対称モードS0であり、下段(b)の602が斜対称モードA0である。 Next, the vibration modes of the S0 and A0 modes generated in the FSK modulator of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 shows the case of the admittance characteristic Y (f) of the two-mode SAW resonator realized by the configuration of FIG. 3 according to the present invention. The vertical axis of the figure is 20 log10 (Y (f)) (dB) and the unit is Displayed in Siemens, the horizontal axis is the frequency change rate df / f0, and the unit is 10 -6 ppm. In the figure, 501 is the S0 mode and 502 is the A0 mode. The difference (fH−fL) / fL between the resonance frequencies fL and fH (broken lines) of the two can be close to 50 to 200 ppm. Next, FIG. 6 shows the state of the vibration displacement amplitude U (X) near the resonance point by changing the operating frequency f for the S0 mode and the A0 mode realized by the configuration of FIG. 3 of the present invention. is there. However, X is the coordinate axis X (312) of the longitudinal direction in the element of FIG. As a result, an internal displacement state that cannot be seen in the admittance characteristic diagram of FIG. 5 can be seen. In the figure, the solid line 601 in the upper part (a) is the symmetry mode S0, and the lower part (b) 602 is the oblique symmetry mode A0.

以上で本発明の詳細な構成の説明を終了したので、つぎに本発明の核心となる点につき重ねて説明をおこなう。本発明においては、前記2モード型SAW共振子のfHとfLの周波数差dFは各々の振動状態が有するアドミタンス特性Y(f)において、中心周波数の3dB幅以内にお互いが配置するように設定する。この3dB範囲とは、SAW共振子の共振先鋭度Qを使ってdF=f0/Qで定義されるもので、逆に前記のQ値の定義に使われるものである(ただし、f0=fHあるいはfLである)。dFは半値幅とも呼ばれている。fLとfHが半値幅の両端の周波数であれば、このときのY(fH)=Y(fL)=0.707×Y(f0)の関係にある。すなわち、前記半値幅以内に周波数が配置された場合には、SAW共振子の電流は共振点ピークの電流I(f0)の0.707の大きさとなることは自明である。すなはち、周波数がS0とA0間で切り替わった時点において、共振子の電流に比例した検出電圧は約70%(3dB低下)に減少する。この振幅変動をAGC回路が検知して制御電圧Vcとして出力し、発振器の増幅器の増幅率を増大させてFSK変調器の出力振幅を安定化させる(図2の204特性)。以上が第1の要点である。   The description of the detailed configuration of the present invention has been completed above. Next, the core points of the present invention will be described again. In the present invention, the frequency difference dF between the fH and fL of the two-mode SAW resonator is set so that they are arranged within 3 dB width of the center frequency in the admittance characteristic Y (f) of each vibration state. . The 3 dB range is defined by dF = f0 / Q using the resonance sharpness Q of the SAW resonator, and conversely, is used for the definition of the Q value (where f0 = fH or fL). dF is also called half width. If fL and fH are frequencies at both ends of the full width at half maximum, there is a relationship of Y (fH) = Y (fL) = 0.707 × Y (f0) at this time. That is, when the frequency is arranged within the half width, it is obvious that the current of the SAW resonator is 0.707 of the resonance point peak current I (f0). In other words, when the frequency is switched between S0 and A0, the detection voltage proportional to the resonator current decreases to about 70% (down 3 dB). This amplitude variation is detected by the AGC circuit and output as the control voltage Vc, and the amplification factor of the oscillator amplifier is increased to stabilize the output amplitude of the FSK modulator (204 characteristic in FIG. 2). The above is the first point.

第2の要点は図4に示したSSB位相ノイズ特性のカットオフ周波数Fcが、理論的にFc=f0/(2Q)にて与えられるという事実である。このときFc=(fH−FL)/2の関係に設定すれば、fH−fL=f0/Qとなって、Y(f)の場合と同一の関係式が得られる。この関係以内のdFであれば、たとえばfLからfHへの周波数切り替え時においては、fL周波数は、fHを有する発振器において、Fc離調周波数内に配置して、fの-3乗特性の位相ノイズ揺らぎ効果によって迅速なfHの周波数移行と振幅増大が実現し、振幅は比較的変動が少なくて済む。具体的にQ値との関係を述べると図7の関係が得られる。公称周波数312MHzにおいては、Q=1万とすれば、dF=30kHz(100ppm)であり、Fc=15kHzとなる。同様な計算により、図7中の曲線701が860MHzの場合、702が443MHzの場合、703が312MHzの場合が得られる。   The second important point is the fact that the cutoff frequency Fc of the SSB phase noise characteristic shown in FIG. 4 is theoretically given by Fc = f0 / (2Q). At this time, if the relationship of Fc = (fH−FL) / 2 is set, fH−fL = f0 / Q, and the same relational expression as in the case of Y (f) is obtained. If dF is within this relationship, for example, at the time of frequency switching from fL to fH, the fL frequency is arranged within the Fc detuning frequency in the oscillator having fH, and phase noise of f −3 characteristic is obtained. The fluctuation effect realizes quick fH frequency shift and amplitude increase, and the amplitude can be relatively small. Specifically describing the relationship with the Q value, the relationship of FIG. 7 is obtained. At a nominal frequency of 312 MHz, if Q = 10,000, dF = 30 kHz (100 ppm) and Fc = 15 kHz. By the same calculation, the case where the curve 701 in FIG. 7 is 860 MHz, the case where 702 is 443 MHz, and the case where 703 is 312 MHz is obtained.

またこの関係を簡潔にまとめると、SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態が縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0からなり、かつ共振子のQ値が1万±5000であり、両者の周波数差が周波数の変化率dF/f0にして100±30ppm程度であればよい。さらにまた、具体的な周波数で数値化すると、SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態は縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0の周波数差が、中心周波数が312±30MHzにおいて30±3kHz、中心周波数が433±40MHzにおいて43±4kHz、中心周波数が860±86MHzにおいて、86±8kHzであればよい。   To summarize this relationship, the two vibration states of the SAW resonator are composed of a longitudinal symmetric mode S0 and a longitudinal oblique symmetric mode A0, and the Q value of the resonator is 10,000 ± 5000. The frequency difference may be about 100 ± 30 ppm in terms of frequency change rate dF / f0. Furthermore, when quantified at a specific frequency, the two vibration states of the SAW resonator have a frequency difference of 30 ± 3 kHz when the center frequency is 312 ± 30 MHz and the frequency difference between the longitudinal symmetric mode S0 and the longitudinal oblique symmetric mode A0. The center frequency may be 43 ± 4 kHz at 433 ± 40 MHz and 86 ± 8 kHz at the center frequency of 860 ± 86 MHz.

以上説明したように本発明のFSK変調器は、SAWデバイス技術とIC技術を融合して部品点数を減らして小形化が可能であり、今後ますます需要が増加すると考えられるセンサーシステム分野において、数メートルから数十メートル範囲のデータ通信を可能にする安価なシステムを提供しておおいに社会的貢献できると考える。   As described above, the FSK modulator of the present invention can be miniaturized by reducing the number of parts by fusing SAW device technology and IC technology, and in the sensor system field where the demand is expected to increase in the future, We think that we can contribute to society by providing an inexpensive system that enables data communication in the range of meters to tens of meters.

本発明のFSK変調器が有する回路構成の一実施例を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows one Example of the circuit structure which the FSK modulator of this invention has. 本発明のFSK変調器の動作状態を示す状態図。The state diagram which shows the operation state of the FSK modulator of this invention. 本発明のFSK変調の構成要素である2モード型SAW共振子の電極パターンの一実施例を示す平面図。The top view which shows one Example of the electrode pattern of the 2 mode type | mold SAW resonator which is a component of FSK modulation of this invention. 本発明のFSK変調器が有する位相ノイズ特性図。The phase noise characteristic figure which the FSK modulator of this invention has. 本発明の2モード型SAW共振子のアドミタンス特性図。The admittance characteristic view of the two-mode SAW resonator of the present invention. 本発明の2モード型SAW共振子が有する変位状態図。The displacement state figure which the 2 mode type SAW resonator of the present invention has. 本発明のFSK変調器が有する特性図。FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram of the FSK modulator of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

100 2モード型SAW共振子
101 増幅器
102と103 SW回路
1013 AGC回路
100 Two-mode SAW resonator 101 Amplifier 102 and 103 SW circuit 1013 AGC circuit

Claims (3)

圧電体平板上に形成された2個の振動状態を有するSAW共振子と、増幅器とSW回路とからなるFSK変調器において、
前記SAW共振子は、1個のIDTを3つあるいは4つに分割して主IDTとゲイトIDTおよび副IDTを構成し、前記1個のIDT両側に1対の反射器を配置した2ポート型のSAW共振子からなり、かつ前記主IDTと前記副IDTの極性を前記SW回路にて同符号として発振器の増幅器に接続して、第1の振動状態を励振して第1の発振周波数fHを発生し、また、前記主IDTと前記副IDTの極性を前記のSW回路にて逆符号として発振器の増幅器に接続して、第2の振動状態を励振して前記第1と若干異なる第2の発振周波数fLを発生しかつ前記fHとfLの周波数差dFは各々の振動状態が有するアドミタンス特性の中心周波数の3dB幅以内であり、さらに前記第1と第2の振動状態の切り替え時に発生する3dB程度の出力振幅変動を抑圧するAGC回路をあわせて構成としたことを特徴とするFSK変調器。
In an FSK modulator comprising a SAW resonator having two vibration states formed on a piezoelectric flat plate, an amplifier and a SW circuit,
The SAW resonator is a two-port type in which one IDT is divided into three or four to form a main IDT, a gate IDT, and a sub-IDT, and a pair of reflectors are arranged on both sides of the one IDT. And the polarity of the main IDT and that of the sub-IDT are connected to the amplifier of the oscillator with the same sign in the SW circuit to excite the first vibration state to obtain the first oscillation frequency fH. And the polarity of the main IDT and the sub-IDT are connected to the amplifier of the oscillator as the opposite sign in the SW circuit to excite the second vibration state and slightly different from the first An oscillation frequency fL is generated, and a frequency difference dF between the fH and fL is within 3 dB width of the center frequency of the admittance characteristic of each vibration state, and 3 dB generated when switching between the first and second vibration states. Degree out FSK modulator, characterized in that a structure together AGC circuit for suppressing the amplitude fluctuation.
前記SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態が縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0からなり、かつ共振子のQ値が1万±5000であり、両者の周波数差が周波数の変化率dF/f0にして100±30ppm程度であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のFSK変調器。   The two vibration states of the SAW resonator are composed of a longitudinal symmetric mode S0 and a longitudinal oblique symmetric mode A0, and the Q value of the resonator is 10,000 ± 5000, and the frequency difference between the two is the rate of change in frequency. 2. The FSK modulator according to claim 1, wherein dF / f0 is about 100 ± 30 ppm. 前記SAW共振子が有する2個の振動状態は縦の対称モードS0および縦の斜対称モードA0の周波数差が、中心周波数が312±30MHzにおいて30±3kHz、中心周波数が433±40MHzにおいて43±4kHz、中心周波数が860±86MHzにおいて、86±8kHzであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のFSK変調器。   The two vibration states of the SAW resonator are as follows: the frequency difference between the longitudinal symmetry mode S0 and the longitudinal oblique symmetry mode A0 is 30 ± 3 kHz when the center frequency is 312 ± 30 MHz, and 43 ± 4 kHz when the center frequency is 433 ± 40 MHz. The FSK modulator according to claim 1, wherein the center frequency is 86 ± 8 kHz at 860 ± 86 MHz.
JP2005362861A 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Fsk modulator Withdrawn JP2007166468A (en)

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