JP2007146568A - Groundwater draining method and catchment well - Google Patents

Groundwater draining method and catchment well Download PDF

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JP2007146568A
JP2007146568A JP2005344863A JP2005344863A JP2007146568A JP 2007146568 A JP2007146568 A JP 2007146568A JP 2005344863 A JP2005344863 A JP 2005344863A JP 2005344863 A JP2005344863 A JP 2005344863A JP 2007146568 A JP2007146568 A JP 2007146568A
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well
groundwater
water collecting
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water
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JP4486585B2 (en
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Kiyoteru Maruyama
清輝 丸山
Katsumi Yoshida
克美 吉田
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National Research and Development Agency Public Works Research Institute
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a groundwater draining method which exerts high efficiency in collecting and draining groundwater in a landslide slope, and to provide a catchment well. <P>SOLUTION: The groundwater draining method is provided for draining groundwater under the landslide slope A. To implement the method, collecting pipes 5 each having a strainer are embedded in the ground so as to interrupt water channels under the landslide slope A. Then an upper edge 5a of the collecting pipe is located near the ground surface of the slope, and a lower edge of the same is connected to a vertical well 2, to thereby collect the groundwater which the collecting pipe 5 has caught via the strainer to the vertical well 2 and drain the groundwater from the vertical well 2 to the outside of the slope. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、地すべり斜面に設置する地すべり対策用の地下水排除工法および集水井に関し、地すべり斜面内部における地下水の効率的な排除に好適なものである。   The present invention relates to a groundwater drainage construction method and a water collecting well for landslide countermeasures installed on a landslide slope, and is suitable for the efficient drainage of groundwater inside a landslide slope.

一般に、地すべり地域では、地すべり防止施設を設置して、地すべり対策しており、この地すべり防止施設としては、地すべり部分を構造物によって固止して安定度を高める抑止工と、地表水や地下水などの地すべりの原因を除去する抑制工と、に大別される。前者の抑止工としては、杭工（深礎工）、アンカー工などがあり、後者の抑制工としては、水路工、集水ボーリング工、排水トンネル工、そして集水井工などがある。   In general, landslide prevention facilities are installed in landslide areas to prevent landslides. For landslide prevention facilities, landslide parts are secured with structures to increase stability, surface water, groundwater, etc. It is roughly divided into a suppression work that eliminates the cause of landslides. The former deterrent works include pile works (deep foundation works) and anchor works, and the latter deterrent works include waterway works, catchment boring works, drainage tunnel works, and catchment well works.

この後者の地すべり抑制工法のうちの集水井工は、深いすべり面位置で集中的に地下水を集水したい場合、つまり地表面から５ｍを越えた深い以下にある地下水を排除したい場合や、横ボーリング工では横ボーリング長さが長くなり過ぎる場合に、主に用いられている。この集水井工としては、井戸壁面の貫通孔を通過させて井戸周囲の地中から集水するものと、内壁面から横ボーリングをして集水管を地中に延在して埋設しこの集水管を主体に集水するものと、がある。   Of these latter landslide control methods, drainage wells are used to collect groundwater intensively at deep slip surfaces, that is, to remove groundwater that is deeper than 5 m from the ground surface, or horizontal boring. This method is mainly used when the horizontal boring length is too long. These drainage wells are either those that collect water from the ground around the well through the through-holes in the well wall, and those that collect the drainage pipe extending from the inner wall to the ground. There are some that collect water mainly from water pipes.

すなわち、この後者の工法では、地すべり斜面の地表面から掘削して縦井戸を形成し、この縦井戸の底部から、僅かな上向きの横方向にボーリング孔を掘削し、このボーリング孔の中に集水管を設置して、地すべり斜面下に存在した地下水を集水・排除して、地すべりの原因を除去するようにしている。   That is, in this latter method, a vertical well is formed by excavating from the ground surface of a landslide slope, and a boring hole is excavated in a slight upward lateral direction from the bottom of the vertical well and collected in the boring hole. A water pipe is installed to collect and eliminate the groundwater existing under the landslide slope, thereby eliminating the cause of the landslide.

しかしながら、集水井を設置しても、集水管からの集水量が少なく効率良く地下水を集水・排除できない場合があった。そこで、これまでは、更に集水井を増設し、地すべり斜面に設置された集水井の本数を増加させて、地すべり斜面内の地下水排除量の総量を増やしてきた。   However, even if a drainage well is installed, the amount of water collected from the water collection pipe is small and groundwater may not be collected or removed efficiently. So far, we have increased the number of drainage wells and increased the number of drainage wells installed on the landslide slope to increase the total amount of groundwater drainage on the landslide slope.

他方、一般的な水源用の集水井において、集水井に敷設したストレーナ孔が目詰まりを起こして取水能力が低下した集水井に、該集水井内に水を貯留したまま、複数本の集水ストレーナパイプを新たにボーリング設置して、これらの集水ストレーナパイプによって集水し、集水井の取水能力を回復させるようにした集水井の改修工法が知られている（たとえば、特許文献１参照。）。すなわち、この改修工法では、集水井内の水中に穿孔機を、水没させて水中ボーリング作業させ、集水井内のほぼ底部から横放射状方向に、いくつかの集水ストレーナパイプをボーリング設置している。したがって、この改修工法によれば、工期の短縮を図れるとともに、改修対象の集水井を使用できる状態で施工でき、工期中の代替水源を確保せずに済むとされている。   On the other hand, in a collection well for a general water source, a plurality of water collection wells are stored in the collection well where the strainer holes installed in the collection well are clogged and the water intake capacity is reduced. There is a known well-repairing method for collecting wells in which strainer pipes are newly bored and collected by these water collecting strainer pipes to recover the intake capacity of the collecting wells (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). That is, in this renovation method, the drilling machine is submerged in the water in the water collection well, and the water is bored underwater, and several water collection strainer pipes are installed in the radial direction from the bottom of the water collection well. . Therefore, according to this renovation method, the construction period can be shortened and construction can be performed in a state where the water collection well to be refurbished can be used, and it is said that it is not necessary to secure an alternative water source during the construction period.

特許登録第２６１１８６２号公報（第２〜３頁、図１）Patent registration No. 2611862 (pages 2 and 3, FIG. 1)

しかしながら、上記した地すべり対策用に設置された従来構成の集水井では、地すべり斜面に設置する集水井の本数を増加する必要があるため、地すべり防止工事費用が増大する傾向があり、充分な地すべり対策が困難であるという問題があった。この結果、少なくとも、従来構成よりも効率の高い集水井を開発する必要性が生じていた。   However, in the conventional wells installed for landslide countermeasures as described above, it is necessary to increase the number of drainage wells installed on the landslide slope. There was a problem that was difficult. As a result, there has been a need to develop at least a water collection well that is more efficient than the conventional configuration.

そこでこの発明は、前記従来の問題点を解決し、従来よりも、地すべり斜面における地下水の集水・排除効率の高い地下水排除工法および集水井を提供することを目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to provide a groundwater draining method and a drainage well having higher groundwater collection / exclusion efficiency on a landslide slope than before.

前記課題を解決するために、請求項１に記載の発明は、地すべり斜面下の地下水を排除する工法であって、ストレーナを有した集水管を、地すべり斜面下の水みちを遮断するように埋設し、かつ、その上端を前記斜面の地表面付近に位置させ、その下端を縦井戸に連通接続し、集水管がストレーナで捕捉した地下水を前記縦井戸に集水し該縦井戸から斜面外に排除する。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 is a construction method for removing groundwater under a landslide slope, and a drainage pipe having a strainer is embedded so as to block the water channel under the landslide slope. And the upper end is positioned near the ground surface of the slope, the lower end is connected to the vertical well, and the groundwater collected by the water collecting pipe with the strainer is collected in the vertical well and out of the slope from the vertical well. Exclude.

請求項２に記載の発明は、地すべり斜面下の地下水を縦井戸に集水して該地すべり斜面外に排除する集水井において、ストレーナを有して前記縦井戸に連通接続された集水管を設け、この集水管は、その上端が前記斜面の地表面付近に位置するとともに、地すべり斜面下の水みちを遮断するように、埋設している。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water collecting well for collecting groundwater below a landslide slope in a vertical well and removing it outside the landslide slope, and having a water collection pipe having a strainer and connected to the vertical well. The water collecting pipe is buried so that its upper end is located in the vicinity of the ground surface of the slope and blocks the water channel under the landslide slope.

請求項３に記載の発明は、請求項２において、前記集水管は、地表面から掘削して前記縦井戸に到達させるように形成した斜孔に、設置した。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the second aspect, the water collecting pipe is installed in an oblique hole formed so as to be excavated from the ground surface and reach the vertical well.

請求項４に記載の発明は、請求項３において、前記集水管は、当該集水管が既設か否かに拘わらず、適宜増設できる。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, the water collecting pipe can be appropriately added regardless of whether or not the water collecting pipe is already installed.

請求項５に記載の発明は、請求項２ないし４のいずれかにおいて、前記集水管を、前記縦井戸に対して前記地すべり斜面の上流側に、複数、所定に設け、これらの集水管によって、地すべり斜面を横断するように、略扇状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成している。   According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the second to fourth aspects, a plurality of the water collecting pipes are provided on the upstream side of the landslide slope with respect to the vertical well. A substantially fan-shaped groundwater trapping surface is formed in the ground so as to cross the landslide slope.

請求項６に記載の発明は、請求項５において、前記集水管を、前記上流側以外の残余のすべての側に、所定に設け、これらの集水管によって、上方開口の略円錐形状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成している。
なお、集水管を地表面から集水井内の所定の位置に連通接続させることは、近年のボーリングマシンの性能向上により可能になったものであり、以前のものでは困難であった。 A sixth aspect of the present invention provides the water collecting pipe according to the fifth aspect, wherein the water collecting pipes are provided on all the remaining sides other than the upstream side, and the substantially conical groundwater trapping of the upper opening is formed by these water collecting pipes. The surface is formed in the ground.
In addition, it is possible to connect the water collecting pipe to a predetermined position in the water collecting well from the ground surface by improving the performance of a recent boring machine, and it has been difficult with the previous one.

この発明によれば、この地下水排除工法および集水井によれば、これまでの地中に平面的に埋設して配置した集水管に加えて、または代替して、その上端が地表面付近に位置して地中に立体的に埋設して配置した集水管を設けた構成としたので、地中に平面的な配置の集水管だけを有した従来構成の集水井に比べて、地すべり斜面内部の水みちを流下している地下水を確実に収集して、格段に効率良く外部に排除できる。すなわち、ストレーナを有した集水管を、地すべり斜面下の水みちを遮断するように、所定形状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成し、その上端を前記斜面の地表面付近に位置させ、その下端を縦井戸に連通接続したので、地下水排除工法および集水井として、地すべり斜面における地下水の集水・排除機能の高機能化を達成することができる。他方、集水管はその上端を地表面付近に位置させているので、該管内の清掃を地表面から簡単にでき、その高機能を、長期間に渡って維持し確保することが可能となる。これらの結果、従来よりも地すべり斜面に設置する集水井の本数を削減しながら、該斜面の地すべり発生を抑制する効果を、恒久的に得ることができる。   According to the present invention, according to the groundwater draining method and the drainage well, in addition to or instead of the drainage pipe that has been buried in a plane in the ground up to now, the upper end is located near the ground surface. As a result, the water collecting pipes are three-dimensionally buried in the ground. The groundwater flowing down the water path can be reliably collected and removed to the outside much more efficiently. That is, a groundwater catching surface having a predetermined shape is formed in the ground so that a water collecting pipe having a strainer is blocked from a water channel under a landslide slope, and its upper end is positioned near the ground surface of the slope, and its lower end As a groundwater draining method and drainage well, it is possible to achieve high functionality for groundwater collection and drainage on landslide slopes. On the other hand, since the upper end of the water collecting pipe is positioned near the ground surface, the inside of the pipe can be easily cleaned from the ground surface, and its high function can be maintained and secured over a long period of time. As a result, it is possible to permanently obtain the effect of suppressing the occurrence of landslide on the slope while reducing the number of drainage wells installed on the landslide slope than before.

まず、この発明の地下水排除工法および集水井が解決する課題は、上述したとおりであるが、さらに補足すると以下のとおりである。
すなわち、地すべり斜面内を流れる地下水は、地すべり土塊内に生じている水みちを通る場合が多い。従来の集水井５１は、たとえば図２（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、地すべり斜面に形成した縦井戸である集水井本体５２と、この集水井本体５２に連通接続されて埋設されたいくつかの集水管５３，５３…とからなり、これらの集水管５３はそれぞれの長さが約５０ｍとされ、集水井本体５２の概略底部からこの水みちを目掛けて、地中の側面視で傾斜角度５〜１０°程度の上向き姿勢、かつ、平面視で集水井本体５２を中心にして斜面上方に向けて扇状に配置されており、地すべり斜面下の所定深度に埋設された概略が扇状の平面的な配置の集水管５３とされている。すなわち、これらの集水管５３は、地中に完全に埋設されており、上記したように、たとえば集水井本体５２内での所定作業によって設置され、また同集水井本体５２内で、該集水管５３の清掃などの保守整備作業をしている。なお、５４は、集水井本体５２に集水された地下水を地すべり斜面の地域外に排出するために設けた排水管である。 First, the problems to be solved by the groundwater drainage method and the drainage well of the present invention are as described above, but further supplemented are as follows.
In other words, the groundwater flowing in the landslide slope often passes through the water path generated in the landslide mass. As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), for example, a conventional drainage well 51 is embedded in a drainage well main body 52, which is a vertical well formed on a landslide slope, and connected to the drainage well main body 52. Each of the water collecting pipes 53 has a length of about 50 m, and each water pipe 53 has a length of about 50 m. Is inclined upwards with a tilt angle of about 5 to 10 degrees, and is arranged in a fan shape toward the upper part of the slope with the drainage well body 52 as the center in plan view, and the outline embedded at a predetermined depth below the landslide slope is a fan-like shape. The water collecting pipes 53 are arranged in a plane. That is, these water collection pipes 53 are completely buried in the ground, and as described above, for example, are installed by a predetermined operation in the water collection well main body 52. Maintenance work such as cleaning 53. Reference numeral 54 denotes a drain pipe provided for discharging the groundwater collected in the water collection well main body 52 outside the area of the landslide slope.

このため、集水管５３の配置と水みちが一致する確率は低く、結果的に集水井５１からの集水量は少ない場合が多くなり、上記したように、集水井５１自体の設置数を増加する必要が生じていた。
このことから、集水井５１の地下水集水量を多くするためには、集水管５３の配置を水みちと一致するようにする必要がある。このための方法として、集水管５３の配置を、これまでの平面的なものに立体的なものを更に加え、集水井の集水機能の高効率化を図るようようにした。 For this reason, the probability that the arrangement of the water collecting pipes 53 matches the water path is low, and as a result, the amount of water collected from the water collecting wells 51 is often small, and as described above, the number of water collecting wells 51 installed is increased. There was a need.
For this reason, in order to increase the amount of groundwater collected in the water collection well 51, it is necessary to make the arrangement of the water collection pipes 53 coincide with the water path. As a method for this purpose, the arrangement of the water collecting pipe 53 is further increased to a three-dimensional arrangement in addition to the conventional one so as to increase the efficiency of the water collecting function of the water collecting well.

他方、上記した改修工法では、新たに追加した集水ストレーナパイプによって、集水井の取水能力を一時的に回復できても、これらの集水ストレーナパイプに目詰まりが生じることには変わらず、むしろ、このパイプ追加によって目詰まり解消を含めた点検整備対象の個数が増加してしまうので、かえって保守整備の手間が掛かり煩雑になるという不具合を生起させてしまう。すなわち、改修工法のように、平面的な配置の集水管を増設した場合には、その増設本数に応じて、これらの集水管の保守整備作業が困難になる度合いは、倍増してしまう。   On the other hand, with the above-mentioned renovation method, even if the water intake capacity of the water collection well can be temporarily recovered by the newly added water collection strainer pipes, these water collection strainer pipes will not be clogged. This addition of pipes increases the number of objects to be inspected and repaired including clogging, which causes troubles such as troublesome maintenance and maintenance. That is, when the collection pipes having a planar arrangement are added as in the repair method, the degree of difficulty in maintaining and maintaining these collection pipes is doubled according to the number of the addition pipes.

そこでこの発明は、良好な保守整備性を確保しながら、従来よりも、地すべり斜面における地下水の集水・排除効率の高い地下水排除工法である集水井工および集水井を提供することを目的とする。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a drainage well and a drainage well that is a groundwater drainage method with higher groundwater drainage / drainage efficiency on a landslide slope than before, while ensuring good maintainability. .

この発明の実施形態を図面により説明する。図１（ａ）は、地中に設置された部分を含めて集水井の全体構成を示す概略平面図であり、（ｂ）は、同集水井の概略側面図である。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig.1 (a) is a schematic plan view which shows the whole structure of a catchment well including the part installed in the ground, (b) is a schematic side view of the catchment well.

すなわち、図１（ａ），（ｂ）に示すように、集水井１は、地すべり斜面Ａの適宜箇所に縦井戸として形成した集水井本体（以降、井筒と称する）２と、この井筒２の底部を起点にして周囲の地中に、平面的に配置した集水管３と、立体的に配置した集水管５と、これらの集水管によって周囲の地中から井筒２内に収集し一旦貯留した地下水を地すべり斜面Ａの地域外に排出する排水路を形成した排水管４と、を主体にして構成され、立体的な配置の集水管５は、地表面から井筒２の底を目掛けて、円状や扇状に配置されている。   That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), a drainage well 1 includes a drainage well body (hereinafter referred to as a well) 2 formed as a vertical well at an appropriate location on a landslide slope A, and the well 2 The water collecting pipe 3 arranged in a plane, the water collecting pipe 5 arranged three-dimensionally in the surrounding ground starting from the bottom, and collected in the well 2 from the surrounding ground by these water collecting pipes and once stored The drainage pipe 4 is mainly composed of a drainage pipe 4 that forms a drainage channel that discharges groundwater outside the area of the landslide slope A, and the three-dimensionally arranged drainage pipe 5 is aimed at the bottom of the well 2 from the ground surface. It is arranged in a circle or fan shape.

換言すれば、集水井１は、従来の集水管３の構成に加えた新たな集水管５の構成として、井筒２の底部を起点にして、その周囲の地中に、放射状かつ立体状で、互いにほぼ均等な間隔を確保して、多数本の集水管５をある程度の深い角度の上向き傾斜の姿勢で埋設した構成を設けており、かつ、これらの集水管５にはそれぞれ、管体外の地中からほぼ地下水だけを管体内（以降、管内と称する）に流入させるための開口通過部として、適宜構成の図示しないストレーナが設けられており、このストレーナの構成を介して、各集水管５がその管体周囲の地中から管内に取り込んだ地下水を管内で自然流下させて、井筒２の底部に集めるようにしている。   In other words, the water collection well 1 is a structure of a new water collection pipe 5 in addition to the structure of the conventional water collection pipe 3, starting from the bottom of the well 2, in the ground around it, in a radial and three-dimensional shape, A structure is provided in which a large number of water collecting pipes 5 are buried in an upwardly inclined posture with a certain deep angle, with a substantially equal interval between them, and each of these water collecting pipes 5 is a ground outside the pipe body. A strainer (not shown) having an appropriate configuration is provided as an opening passing portion for allowing only underground water to flow into the pipe body (hereinafter referred to as the inside of the pipe) from the inside, and each of the water collecting pipes 5 is connected via the strainer configuration. Groundwater taken into the pipe from the ground around the pipe body is allowed to flow down naturally in the pipe and collected at the bottom of the well 2.

井筒２は、所定深さまで掘削して形成した有底の縦井戸とされ、地表面から所定に上方に突出し前記の深さまで同一開口形状が連続した筒状の円周壁部と、この円周壁部に一体的に接続された各集水管が収集した地下水を一時貯留するための底部とを有している。
なお、説明の便宜上、井筒２は、円周壁部と底部との２つの部分からなるとしたが、あくまでも機能上での区分であり、実際にはコンクリート製などで、一体的に形成してもよい。すなわち、井筒２に接続された集水管３，５が井筒２の周壁に形成したいくつかの開口位置のうち、最下位置よりも下側の井筒２における部分が、一時貯留機能を担った底部となる。また、各集水管３，５の開口位置は、同一の高さ位置である必要はなく、適宜、周壁の強度維持を考慮して多段にしてよい。 The well 2 is a bottomed vertical well formed by excavating to a predetermined depth, a cylindrical circumferential wall portion that protrudes upward from the ground surface to a predetermined depth, and the same opening shape continues to the depth, and this circumferential wall portion And a bottom portion for temporarily storing the groundwater collected by the water collecting pipes integrally connected to each other.
For convenience of explanation, the well 2 is composed of two parts, a circumferential wall part and a bottom part. However, the well 2 is only a functional division, and may actually be made of concrete or the like. . That is, among the several opening positions formed in the peripheral wall of the well 2 by the water collecting pipes 3 and 5 connected to the well 2, the bottom portion of the well 2 below the lowest position is responsible for the temporary storage function. It becomes. Further, the opening positions of the water collecting pipes 3 and 5 do not have to be the same height position, and may be multi-staged appropriately in consideration of maintaining the strength of the peripheral wall.

また、地表面からの井筒２の深さとしては、上記した水みちが位置すると予測した地下深度よりも所定に深い深さが確保され、少なくとも、井筒２底部の深度位置は、ある程度の余裕を確保して、水みちの地下深度よりも下方に位置している。また井筒２の内径は、少なくとも、作業員が入れる程度の径が確保されている。   Moreover, as the depth of the well 2 from the ground surface, a predetermined depth deeper than the underground depth at which the water channel is predicted to be located is secured, and at least the depth position of the bottom of the well 2 has a certain margin. Secured and located below the depth of the water path. Further, the inner diameter of the well 2 is secured at least enough for a worker to enter.

平面的な配置の集水管３は、その平面視においては、井筒２の底部から地中に突出されたそのすべての先端を、たとえば隣の先端との間に１０ｍなどの同一の離間間隔を設けて、地すべり斜面の上方に向いて所定径の円弧上に揃えた扇状の配列構成とされており、かつ、その側面視においては、５〜１０°程度の緩やかな上向きに傾斜された姿勢で設置され、ほぼ水平方向に延在されている。   In the plan view, the water collecting pipes 3 arranged in a plane are provided with the same spacing interval such as 10 m between all the tips protruding from the bottom of the well 2 into the ground, for example, with the adjacent tip. The fan is arranged in a fan-shaped arrangement on a circular arc with a predetermined diameter toward the top of the landslide slope, and in a side view, it is installed in a gently inclined posture of about 5 to 10 °. And extends almost horizontally.

立体的な配置の集水管５は、その平面視においては、井筒２の底部から地中に突出されて延在されたそのすべての先端を、たとえば隣の先端との間に１０ｍなどの同一の離間間隔を設けて、傾斜面の上流側に位置した円弧上に揃えた扇状の配列構成か、所定径の円周上に揃えた円状の配列構成とされており、かつ、その側面視においては、平面的な配置の集水管３よりも、明確に上向きに傾斜した姿勢である上向き傾斜方向に延在され、その上端５ａは、地表面付近に位置させている。   In the plan view, the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe 5 has all the tips protruding from the bottom of the well 2 into the ground and extending the same, for example, 10 m between adjacent tips. A fan-like arrangement configuration arranged on a circular arc located upstream of the inclined surface with a separation interval, or a circular arrangement configuration aligned on a circumference of a predetermined diameter, and in a side view Is extended in the upward inclined direction, which is a clearly inclined posture, rather than the planarly arranged water collecting pipe 3, and its upper end 5a is positioned near the ground surface.

すなわち、所定数の複数の集水管５を、縦井戸である井筒２から地すべり斜面の上流側に向けて、その先端が所定径の円弧上に揃うように限定した扇状区画で放射状に設け、これらの集水管５によって、地すべり斜面を横断するように、略扇状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成し、および上流側以外の残余のすべての側に、つまり井筒２に対して地すべり斜面の下流側や上下流側に属さない双方の側面側に向かうように、井筒２外周のその全周から全周方向に放射状に設け、これらの集水管５によって、上方開口の略円錐形状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成している。   That is, a predetermined number of water collecting pipes 5 are provided radially in fan-shaped sections limited so that their tips are aligned on an arc having a predetermined diameter from the well 2 which is a vertical well toward the upstream side of the landslide slope. A substantially fan-shaped groundwater trapping surface is formed in the ground so as to cross the landslide slope by the water collecting pipe 5 and on the remaining side other than the upstream side, that is, downstream of the landslide slope with respect to the well 2. In addition, it is provided radially from the entire circumference of the outer periphery of the well 2 so as to face both side surfaces that do not belong to the upstream or downstream side, and by these water collecting pipes 5, a substantially conical groundwater trapping surface having an upper opening is formed. It is formed in the ground.

換言すれば、井筒２から複数の集水管５を、図１（ａ）中にＳ区域として示したように、地すべり斜面における井筒２に対して該傾斜面の上流側に位置させて、該地すべり斜面の傾斜方向に対して交差した方向としての地すべり斜面を横断するように、略扇状に展開して延在させるか、上方に開口した略円錐形状となるように展開して延在させるか、のいずれかとされ、かつ、それぞれのすべての先端である上端５ａを、地表面付近に位置させるようにしており、このように展開配置した、各集水管５によって、地中に形成した地下水の捕捉面として、地すべり斜面を横断するように、所定に湾曲した扇状面を形成するか、井筒２を中心にして上方に開口した円錐面を形成している。   In other words, the plurality of water collecting pipes 5 from the well 2 are positioned on the upstream side of the inclined surface with respect to the well 2 on the landslide slope as shown as S area in FIG. To extend across a landslide slope as a direction intersecting the slope direction of the slope, expand and extend in a substantially fan shape, or expand and extend so as to have a substantially conical shape opening upward, The upper ends 5a, which are all the tips, are positioned in the vicinity of the ground surface, and the groundwater formed in the ground is captured by the water collecting pipes 5 deployed and arranged in this way. As the surface, a fan-shaped surface that is curved in a predetermined manner is formed so as to cross the landslide slope, or a conical surface that is open upward from the well 2 is formed.

これらの立体的な配置の集水管５は、適宜の直径を確保した直管体とされ、その下端が、井筒２の底部に連通接続され、その上端５ａが、地表面に露出され、または、簡易な器具や手掘りで露出させることができる程度に、浅く埋設されている。   These three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipes 5 are straight pipes having an appropriate diameter, and their lower ends are connected to the bottom of the well 2 and their upper ends 5a are exposed to the ground surface, or It is buried so shallow that it can be exposed by simple tools or hand digging.

この集水管５の上端５ａは、取り外し可能な図示しない閉塞部材が封止され、上端開口からの異物侵入を防止するようにしている。すなわち、上端開口には、閉塞部材として、たとえばキャップなどの蓋栓状部材が取着され、この蓋栓状部材によって、上端開口から入り込んで該管内を閉塞してしまう異物の侵入を阻止し、特に上端５ａが地表面に露出されている場合における積雪の融解時や降雨時に、融雪水や雨水とともに異物が上端開口から流れ込んでしまうのを阻止するようにしている。そして、この閉塞部材は、上端開口から任意に取り外し可能に構成され、管内の清掃時には、上端開口を開放できるようにしている。   The upper end 5a of the water collecting pipe 5 is sealed with a detachable blocking member (not shown) so as to prevent foreign matter from entering from the upper end opening. That is, a lid plug-like member such as a cap is attached to the upper end opening as a closing member, for example, and the lid plug-like member prevents entry of foreign matter that enters from the upper end opening and closes the inside of the tube. In particular, when the upper end 5a is exposed on the ground surface, foreign matters are prevented from flowing in from the upper end opening together with the snowmelt water and rainwater when the snow cover melts or falls. The closing member is configured to be arbitrarily removable from the upper end opening so that the upper end opening can be opened when cleaning the inside of the pipe.

また、少なくとも、集水管３および集水管５にはそれぞれ、管体外の地中からほぼ地下水だけを管内に流入させるための開口通過部として、適宜構成の図示しないストレーナが設けられており、このストレーナは、設置する地すべり斜面Ａにおける予測される地下水量や土質などの各種の現地条件に応じた構成とされている。すなわち、このストレーナの構成としては、少なくとも集水管３および集水管５が設置された状態での下側となる管内面を除外した管体箇所に形成され、たとえばその開口形状が、略円形状か、スリット状かのいずれかとされ、各管体におけるその全長の全域に渡って、または該全長の一部の長さ範囲にのみ限定して形成されて、あらかじめ定めた個数かつ孔同士の間隔が設定されている。より具体的には、ストレーナを構成した円孔は、たとえば直径２〜５ｍｍであり、スリット孔は幅２ｍｍ、長さ１０ｃｍ程度の長孔とされ、またスリット孔の長さ方向は、管長さ方向か管径の周方向かのいずれかに一致させている。したがって、このように構成されたストレーナを有した集水管３および集水管５によれば、管体周囲の地中から、円孔またはスリット孔を介して管内に取り込んだ地下水を、該円孔またはスリット孔から放出することなく、管内を自然流下させて、その下端から井筒２内に排出する。   Further, at least each of the water collecting pipe 3 and the water collecting pipe 5 is provided with a strainer (not shown) having an appropriate configuration as an opening passing part for allowing only underground water to flow into the pipe from the ground outside the pipe body. Is configured according to various local conditions such as the estimated groundwater volume and soil quality on the landslide slope A to be installed. That is, the strainer is formed in a tube portion excluding the inner surface of the lower tube in a state where at least the water collecting pipe 3 and the water collecting pipe 5 are installed. For example, the opening shape is substantially circular. The slits are formed over the entire length of each tube or limited to a partial length range of the entire length, and a predetermined number and interval between the holes are formed. Is set. More specifically, the circular hole constituting the strainer is, for example, 2 to 5 mm in diameter, the slit hole is a long hole having a width of about 2 mm and a length of about 10 cm, and the length direction of the slit hole is the tube length direction. Or the circumferential direction of the pipe diameter. Therefore, according to the water collecting pipe 3 and the water collecting pipe 5 having the strainer configured as described above, the ground water taken into the pipe from the ground around the pipe body through the circular hole or the slit hole is the circular hole or Without discharging from the slit hole, the pipe is allowed to flow down naturally and discharged into the well 2 from its lower end.

排水管４は、所定長さの管体であり、その下流端部が、地すべり斜面Ａ外に到達するように形成され、またはその下流端部が、図示しない２次水路などに接続され、井筒２に集めた地下水を、地すべり斜面Ａ外に自然流下させて井筒２から排出し、最終的に地すべり斜面Ａから排除するようにしている。すなわち、排水管４は、上記した最下のいずれかの集水管３，５の開口位置と同一か、この最下開口位置よりも下方の、井筒２の底面付近に一端が開口され、この一端の開口位置よりも低い位置となるように、他端の開口が、設置されている。また、この排水管４におけるその排水路としての横断面積は、適宜、集水管３，５によって井筒２内に収集される地下水の合計流入量に応じた排水量が確保できる程度の横断面積とされている。   The drain pipe 4 is a pipe having a predetermined length, and its downstream end is formed so as to reach the outside of the landslide slope A, or its downstream end is connected to a secondary water channel (not shown), etc. The groundwater collected in 2 is allowed to flow down to the outside of the landslide slope A, discharged from the well 2 and finally removed from the landslide slope A. That is, the drain pipe 4 has one end opened near the bottom surface of the well 2 which is the same as the opening position of any one of the lower water collecting pipes 3 and 5 or below the lowermost opening position. The opening at the other end is installed so as to be lower than the opening position. The cross-sectional area of the drainage pipe 4 as the drainage channel is appropriately set to a cross-sectional area that can secure a drainage amount corresponding to the total inflow amount of groundwater collected in the well 2 by the water collecting pipes 3 and 5. Yes.

上記した構成の集水井１は、以下の作業手順からなる工法を用いて、設置されている。
すなわち、まず井筒２を設置し、次に、この井筒２に平面配置の集水管３を設置し、次に、立体配置の集水管５を設置している。
より詳細には、井筒２は、地すべり斜面Ａにおける所定箇所の地表面から、該地下に向けて垂直に掘削して、開口形状が円形で所定径の縦穴を形成し、この縦穴に上記した井筒２を形成して設置する。 The drainage well 1 having the above-described configuration is installed using a construction method including the following work procedures.
That is, the well 2 is first installed, and then the planar water collecting pipe 3 is installed in the well 2, and then the three-dimensional water collecting pipe 5 is installed.
In more detail, the well 2 is excavated vertically from the ground surface at a predetermined location on the landslide slope A toward the basement to form a vertical hole having a circular opening shape and a predetermined diameter. 2 is installed.

次に、平面配置の集水管３を設置する工事を実施する。
すなわち、井筒２内に、該井筒２の直径程度の長さにあらかじめ分割された集水管３，３…を、所定本数、運び込み、これらの集水管３，３…を適宜、つなぎ合わせて、井筒２中から周囲の地中に向けて設置した１本の集水管３とする。 Next, construction for installing the water collecting pipes 3 arranged in a plane is carried out.
That is, a predetermined number of water collecting pipes 3, 3... Previously divided into lengths of the diameter of the well 2 are brought into the well 2, and these water collecting pipes 3, 3. One water collecting pipe 3 is installed from the inside to the surrounding ground.

井筒２の底部から、集水管３を継ぎ足しながら、直接、所定の向きに、地中に挿入し、上記した浅い上向き傾斜角度で、所定の平面方向に地中に直線的に所定長さ延在された集水管３として埋設し設置する。   Inserting the water collecting pipe 3 directly into the ground from the bottom of the well 2 in a predetermined direction, and extending straight to the ground in a predetermined plane direction at a predetermined length with the above-described shallow upward inclination angle. The water collecting pipe 3 is buried and installed.

次に、立体配置の集水管５を設置する工事を実施する。
すなわち、まず地すべり斜面Ａの地表面上における井筒２から所定距離、離れた所定箇所を、掘削の起点にし、かつ、井筒２の底部を到達目標にして、所定の掘削機械を用いて、掘削を開始し、深い傾斜角度の直線状の斜孔であるボーリング孔を形成する。そして、このボーリング孔に集水管５を挿入し、この挿入方向に対して後端となる集水管５の上端５ａは、その上端開口が上記した適宜の閉塞部材で封止されて、地表面に露出させるか、浅く埋設するかのいずれかとする。 Next, construction for installing the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe 5 is performed.
That is, first, excavation is performed using a predetermined excavating machine with a predetermined location on the ground surface of the landslide slope A at a predetermined distance from the well 2 as the starting point of the excavation and the bottom of the well 2 as an arrival target. Start and form a borehole, which is a straight oblique hole with a deep tilt angle. And the water collection pipe | tube 5 is inserted in this boring hole, and the upper end 5a of the water collection pipe | tube 5 used as a rear end with respect to this insertion direction is sealed by the above-mentioned appropriate closure member, and the upper end 5a is sealed to the ground surface. Either exposed or shallowly buried.

他方、集水管５の下端となる先端を、適宜の接続作業で、井筒２の底部に連通接続する。すなわち、たとえば、少なくとも井筒２の底部がコンクリート製の場合には、上記の掘削機械によって斜孔を形成する際に、掘削機械でそのまま、該コンクリート製の底部を穿孔させて貫通孔を形成させ、この形成した貫通孔に、集水管５の先端を接続する。また、このように接続する際には、集水管５の井筒２への接続箇所には、上記の集水管３と同様な適宜の水密措置を施す。
このようにして１本の集水管５を設置する工事を、設置する本数および上記した平面視での形状に応じた適宜の複数箇所で、それぞれ繰り返し実施する。 On the other hand, the tip which becomes the lower end of the water collecting pipe 5 is connected to the bottom of the well 2 by an appropriate connection operation. That is, for example, in the case where at least the bottom of the well 2 is made of concrete, when the oblique hole is formed by the excavating machine, the through hole is formed by drilling the concrete bottom as it is, The tip of the water collecting pipe 5 is connected to the formed through hole. Moreover, when connecting in this way, the appropriate watertight measures similar to the said water collection pipe 3 are given to the connection location of the water collection pipe 5 to the well 2.
In this way, the construction for installing one water collecting pipe 5 is repeatedly performed at a plurality of appropriate locations according to the number of the water collecting pipes 5 to be installed and the shape in plan view described above.

したがって、このように立体的な配置の集水管５は、少なくとも地表面での作業を主体にしているので、平面的な配置の集水管３の設置作業が井筒２内のスペースの制約を受けるのに比べて、広大な作業スペースを確保でき、これによって複数台数の掘削機械を用いて、同時に複数の集水管５を設置する工事を、同時並行的に実施することが可能となる。このため、集水管５の設置に関する工期を大幅に短縮することができる。   Therefore, the water collecting pipe 5 having such a three-dimensional arrangement mainly works on at least the ground surface, so that the installation work of the water collecting pipe 3 having the two-dimensional arrangement is restricted by the space in the well 2. Compared to the above, it is possible to secure a vast work space, which makes it possible to simultaneously perform a construction in which a plurality of water collecting pipes 5 are simultaneously installed using a plurality of excavating machines. For this reason, the construction period regarding the installation of the water collecting pipe 5 can be greatly shortened.

なお、集水管３および集水管５を設置する工事は、上記の順序に限られることなく、適宜、変更してよく、またこれらの２つの設置工事を、同時的に施工してもよい。さらに、集水管３および集水管５を設置する工事が完了するまでに、適宜の工法を用いて、上記した井筒２に連通接続した排水管４を設置する。   In addition, the construction which installs the water collection pipe 3 and the water collection pipe 5 is not restricted to said order, You may change suitably, You may construct these two installation works simultaneously. Furthermore, the drainage pipe 4 connected to the well 2 described above is installed by using an appropriate method until the construction for installing the water collection pipe 3 and the water collection pipe 5 is completed.

このようにして設置した集水井１は、その井筒２の周囲の地中に所定に延在されて埋設された各集水管３，５が管内に地下水を捕集して、地下水は、管内を自然流下して下端に接続された井筒２の底部内に排出される。そして、各集水管３，５から井筒２内に自然排出された単位時間当たりの合計水量によっては、地下水が、井筒２の底部に一旦貯留される。そして、井筒２の底部に排出および貯留された地下水は、該底部に連通された排水管４を介して、地すべり斜面Ａ外に自然に流下されて排出される。このようにして、地すべり斜面Ａ下の地下水を効率的に排除でき、該地下水に起因した地すべり斜面Ａにおける地すべりの発生が抑制される。   In the water collection well 1 installed in this way, the water collection pipes 3 and 5 that are extended and buried in the ground around the well 2 collect groundwater in the pipe, and the groundwater is collected in the pipe. Naturally flowing down and discharged into the bottom of the well 2 connected to the lower end. Then, depending on the total amount of water per unit time that is naturally discharged from the water collecting pipes 3 and 5 into the well 2, groundwater is temporarily stored at the bottom of the well 2. Then, the groundwater discharged and stored at the bottom of the well 2 is naturally discharged outside the landslide slope A through the drain pipe 4 connected to the bottom. In this way, the groundwater below the landslide slope A can be efficiently removed, and the occurrence of landslides on the landslide slope A due to the groundwater is suppressed.

したがって、この集水井１によれば、その地中に立体的に所定配置した集水管５によって、上記したように、所定に面形状の地下水捕捉面を形成している、つまり水みちよりも深い深度の概略１箇所を起点にして地表面に到達した上方開口の略円錐形状または部分的な略円錐形状の地下水捕捉面を形成しているので、この地下水捕捉面を水みちが通過する確率を高めることができる。したがって、地下水捕捉面で物理的に、水みちを流れる地下水の通過を阻止できないとしても、いずれかの形状の地下水捕捉面上に位置した集水管５のストレーナ孔から管内に地下水を取り込んで捕集するという意味で、水みちを遮断できる。特に、水みちよりも下方に位置した深い深度を起点にして、謂わば地表面付近にその周縁が位置した上方開口の円錐形状の地下水捕捉面を形成していることから、水みちが少なくとも平面視における該円錐形状の円内を通過している限り、必ず２度、水みちは地下水捕捉面を貫通する、つまり水みちが円錐形状の地下水捕捉面に交差する箇所が２箇所生じるので、該水みちを流れる地下水を捕集する機会を倍加できる。このため、地すべり斜面Ａ下の地下水を捕捉する高い効率が得られ、この結果として、集水井１における地下水の集水・排除機能の高機能化が図れる。   Therefore, according to the drainage well 1, the groundwater catching surface having a predetermined surface shape is formed by the water collecting pipes 5 arranged three-dimensionally in the ground as described above, that is, deeper than the water channel. Since the groundwater trapping surface of the upper opening that has reached the ground surface from approximately one point of the depth is formed as a substantially conical or partial conical groundwater trapping surface, the probability that the water channel will pass through this groundwater trapping surface is determined. Can be increased. Therefore, even if it is not possible to physically block the passage of groundwater flowing through the water channel on the groundwater catching surface, the groundwater is taken into the pipe from the strainer hole of the water collecting pipe 5 located on the groundwater catching surface of any shape and collected. In the sense of doing, you can block the water path. In particular, since the deep depth located below the water path is the starting point, the so-called ground-surface catching surface of the upper opening with its periphery located near the ground surface is formed. As long as it passes through the cone-shaped circle in view, the water channel always passes through the groundwater trapping surface, that is, there are two locations where the water channel intersects the conical groundwater trapping surface. Double the opportunity to collect groundwater flowing through the water path. For this reason, the high efficiency which capture | acquires the groundwater under the landslide slope A is acquired, As a result, the highly functional collection / exclusion function of the groundwater in the catchment well 1 can be achieved.

他方、積雪の融解時や降雨時には、地すべり斜面Ａの地表面付近に位置した集水管５の部分によって、該部分付近の地中に浸透した融雪水や雨水を捕捉し、該浸透水を地下水とさせることなく、地すべり斜面Ａ外にすみやかに排除でき、これによっても地すべり斜面Ａの安定化に寄与することが期待できる。   On the other hand, at the time of melting snow or raining, the portion of the water collecting pipe 5 located near the ground surface of the landslide slope A captures the snowmelt water and rainwater penetrating into the ground near the portion, and the permeated water is used as groundwater. Without this, it can be promptly removed outside the landslide slope A, and this can also be expected to contribute to the stabilization of the landslide slope A.

さらに、このように一旦、集水井１による地下水の収集・排除が開始され、このような地下水の収集・排除による影響によって、上記の水みちが変動しても、この変動した水みちの地下深度が、井筒２底部の地下深度を越えない限り、必ず立体的な配置の集水管５で捕捉でき、集水量の減少を抑制できるとともに、水みちの変化に応じて、適宜、新たな立体的な配置の集水管５を増設して、この増設した集水管５によって、地下水の捕捉率を高く維持することも可能となる。   In addition, once the collection and removal of groundwater by the water collection well 1 is started in this way, even if the above-mentioned water path changes due to the effect of such groundwater collection and removal, the underground depth of the changed water path is changed. However, as long as it does not exceed the depth of the bottom of the well 2, it can be captured by the three-dimensional water collecting pipe 5, and the decrease in the amount of collected water can be suppressed. It is also possible to maintain a high groundwater catchment rate by increasing the number of water collecting pipes 5 arranged.

以上のように、この実施形態の地すべり斜面に設置された地すべり防止用の集水井によれば、つまり上記の地下水排除工法である集水井工によって設置した集水井によれば、以下の作用効果が得られる。   As described above, according to the drainage well for landslide prevention installed on the landslide slope of this embodiment, that is, according to the drainage well installed by the drainage well that is the groundwater drainage method described above, the following operational effects are obtained. can get.

１）集水井の周囲の所定領域において、その地表面近くの浅い深度から集水井の底近くの深い深度まで間の広範囲な地中深度における地下水を、集水・排除できるので、地すべり防止用としてこの集水井による地下水の排除範囲を拡大でき、地すべり発生をより確実に抑制することができる。すなわち、立体的な配置の集水管は、集水井の周囲に位置した地表面から井戸底部の深度までの地中領域を、貫通して設置しているので、底部の深度で平面的に配置された集水管による平面的な排除範囲に比べて、大幅にその範囲を拡大できる。   1) Since groundwater in a wide range of underground depths from a shallow depth near the ground surface to a deep depth near the bottom of the drainage well can be collected and eliminated in a predetermined area around the drainage well, it is used for landslide prevention. The range of groundwater drainage by this catchment well can be expanded, and the occurrence of landslides can be more reliably suppressed. In other words, the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe is installed in a plane at the bottom depth because it penetrates the underground area from the ground surface located around the drainage well to the depth of the well bottom. Compared to the flat exclusion range by the water collecting pipe, the range can be greatly expanded.

２）また、集水管を立体的に配置するためのボーリングは、地表面でできるため、大型機械が使え、工事がやり易くなるとともに、集水管は目詰まりが生じにくい大口径な管を容易に取り扱えて、設置できることになる。   2) In addition, boring to arrange the water collecting pipes in three dimensions can be done on the ground surface, so large machines can be used and the work can be done easily, and the water collecting pipe can be easily made into a large-diameter pipe that does not easily clog. It can be handled and installed.

すなわち、地中に立体的に集水管を配置するために必要なボーリング作業は、地表面の所定箇所からボーリングを開始して、地中の所定深度に位置した井戸底部を目指して掘り進んで、所定径かつ直進状の斜孔であるボーリング孔を開通させたうえで、このボーリング孔に集水管を差し込み、この差し込んだ集水管の先端である下端を井戸底部に連通接続すれば済むので、謂わば地上の作業で、立体的な配置の集水管を設置する作業の大部分は完結することになる。したがって、井筒内での工事作業を主体にした平面的な配置の集水管のように、作業スペースの制約を受けずに済み、大型機械を用いて、効率的に設置工事を実施できる。このため、大口径のボーリング孔を容易に形成できる。他方、設置工事に掛かる時間や、工事コストも削減できる。また特に、平面的な配置の集水管の本数に比べても、より多数本の、立体的な配置の集水管を設置する場合にも、工期の長期化や工事コストの上昇を抑制しながら、より多数本設置によって、より一層の高機能化を図ることも可能となる。   In other words, the boring work necessary to place the water collecting pipe in three dimensions in the ground starts from a predetermined location on the ground surface, digs toward the well bottom located at a predetermined depth in the ground, After opening a borehole, which is a straight hole having a predetermined diameter and straight, a water collecting pipe is inserted into the borehole, and the lower end, which is the tip of the inserted water collecting pipe, can be connected to the bottom of the well. For example, most of the work to install a three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe is completed on the ground. Therefore, the installation work can be efficiently carried out using a large machine without being limited by the work space like a flat water collecting pipe mainly constructed in the well. For this reason, a large-diameter boring hole can be easily formed. On the other hand, installation time and construction costs can be reduced. In particular, even when installing a larger number of three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipes compared to the number of water collecting pipes in a two-dimensional arrangement, while suppressing an increase in construction period and an increase in construction costs, By installing a larger number, it is possible to achieve higher functionality.

他方、このように集水管を、運搬するなどの取り扱う作業は、地表面上での作業に終始できるので、より多数のストレーナ孔を形成した大口径な管を使用できる。したがって、たとえ、大口径な集水管に目詰まりが生じるとしても、目詰まりが生じるまでに掛かる時間の長期化が図れ、目詰まりを解消する清掃作業同士の間隔を拡大でき、これによっても保守整備性を向上できる。他方、このような大口径な集水管は、ストレーナ孔を形成するための外周の面積、および管内断面積がともに、拡大されるので、集水管単体での、地中から地下水を管内に取り込む能力の上限や、管内を自然流下させる送給能力の上限も、ともに上昇できる。したがって、集水管の捕捉性能を向上できる。これらによっても、集水井としての高機能化が図れる。   On the other hand, the handling operation such as transporting the water collecting pipe in this way can be started from the work on the ground surface, so that a large-diameter pipe having a larger number of strainer holes can be used. Therefore, even if clogging occurs in a large-diameter water collecting pipe, the time required for clogging can be lengthened, and the interval between cleaning operations to eliminate clogging can be increased. Can be improved. On the other hand, such a large-diameter water collecting pipe expands both the area of the outer periphery for forming the strainer hole and the cross-sectional area in the pipe, so that the capacity of the water collecting pipe alone can take in groundwater from the ground into the pipe. Both the upper limit and the upper limit of the feeding capacity that allows natural flow down the pipe can be increased. Therefore, the catching performance of the water collecting pipe can be improved. These also make it possible to enhance the functionality of the water collection well.

また、集水管の目詰まり、つまり砂礫類でストレーナ孔が閉塞してしまうことを、ある程度、集水管自身の清浄化作用で抑制することが可能となる。すなわち、立体的な配置の集水管は、少なくとも、平面的な配置の集水管に比べて、深く傾斜して設置され、その傾斜角度は大きくなっているので、立体的な配置の集水管内を自然流下する地下水の流勢も、同様に平面的な配置の集水管よりも、強くなり、これによって、管内側からストレーナ孔を閉塞しないように洗い流したり、管内に侵入した異物が堆積する前に押し流したりすることが期待できる。   Further, clogging of the water collecting pipe, that is, clogging of the strainer hole with gravel can be suppressed to some extent by the cleaning action of the water collecting pipe itself. In other words, the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe is installed at a deeper inclination than the two-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe, and the inclination angle is larger. The flow of groundwater flowing down naturally is also stronger than a flatly arranged water collection pipe, so that it can be washed away from the inside of the pipe so as not to block the strainer hole, or before foreign matter that has entered the pipe accumulates. It can be expected to be swept away.

さらに、立体的な集水管を設置する際には、つまり集水管をボーリング孔に差し込む際には、実際上、いくつかに分割した集水管を繋ぎ合わせて連結しながら、ボーリング孔に差し込んで設置することになるが、たとえこの連結前の集水管の長さが、所定箇所への運搬の利便性のために制約されるとしても、集水井の直径つまり井筒の内径の長さに制約されずに済み、分割数を減少できる。このため、連結して１本化された立体的な集水管として、その管体強度を高めることができる。また、１本化された集水管として、管同士の端部を接合して連結した連結部分の個数が減少するので、連結部分での接合不良に起因した管外への漏水の発生を抑制できる。   Furthermore, when installing a three-dimensional water collecting pipe, that is, when inserting the water collecting pipe into the boring hole, it is actually installed by connecting the water collecting pipes divided into several parts and connecting them. However, even if the length of the water collection pipe before this connection is restricted for the convenience of transportation to a predetermined location, it is not restricted by the diameter of the water collection well, that is, the inner diameter of the well. The number of divisions can be reduced. For this reason, as a three-dimensional water collecting pipe connected and unified, the strength of the pipe body can be increased. Moreover, since the number of the connection parts which joined and connected the edge part of pipes as a unified water collecting pipe reduces, generation | occurrence | production of the water leaking out of the pipe resulting from the joining defect in a connection part can be suppressed. .

３）さらに、集水管の掃除は、地表面からできるので、維持管理が簡単になる。このため、長期に渡って、集水・排除機能を保つことができる。この結果、充分な地すべり抑制効果を恒久的に持続させることが可能となる。   3) Furthermore, since the water collecting pipe can be cleaned from the ground surface, the maintenance management becomes simple. For this reason, it is possible to maintain the water collection / exclusion function for a long time. As a result, a sufficient landslide suppressing effect can be permanently maintained.

すなわち、立体的な配置の集水管はその上端が、少なくとも、地表面に露出または浅く埋設されているので、上端開口から適宜の清掃機材を用いて管内を清掃できる。つまり、井筒の中に作業員や清掃機材を配して、井筒内壁側に開口された集水管端部から同管内を清掃する替わりに、このような集水管を設置する際の上記の作業と同様に、これらの作業員や清掃機材を地表面に留めたまま、管内を清掃できる。このため、清掃作業に掛かる手間や時間が大幅に少なくなるとともに、該作業の安全性にも充分に配慮したものとなる。他方、清掃機材として、管内清掃の自動化を果たした大型の機材を用いることもできる。これらの結果、清掃作業の頻度を高めて、つまり定期的な保守整備の間隔を短縮して、より管内を清浄に保って、複数の集水管による所定範囲の地中からの地下水の捕捉機能、および各集水管が該管内に捕集した地下水を井筒に集める集中機能を、恒久的に高く維持することが可能となる。   That is, since the upper end of the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe is at least exposed or shallowly buried on the ground surface, the inside of the pipe can be cleaned from the upper end opening using appropriate cleaning equipment. In other words, instead of arranging workers and cleaning equipment in the well and cleaning the inside of the water collecting pipe from the end of the water collecting pipe opened to the inner wall of the well, the above work for installing such a water collecting pipe Similarly, the pipes can be cleaned while these workers and cleaning equipment remain on the ground surface. For this reason, the labor and time required for the cleaning work are greatly reduced, and the safety of the work is sufficiently considered. On the other hand, as the cleaning equipment, a large-scale equipment that achieves automated pipe cleaning can be used. As a result, the frequency of cleaning work is increased, that is, the interval between periodic maintenance is shortened, the inside of the pipe is kept clean, and a function of capturing groundwater from a predetermined range of underground by a plurality of collecting pipes, And the concentration function which collects the groundwater which each water collecting pipe collected in this pipe in a well can be maintained permanently high.

４）また、立体的な配置の集水管を有さない既設の集水井においても、立体的な配置の集水管を増設することにより、集水井の高効率化が図れる。すなわち、地すべり対策用の既設の集水井において、地下水の収集・排除性能が不足している場合などに、立体的な配置の集水管を、上記した地表面での工事を実施して簡単に追加でき、この追加した集水管によって、不足した性能を補ったり、性能向上を図ることができる。
他方、その設置時に、立体的な配置の集水管を有した集水井に対しても、何らかの理由で、性能不足となった場合に、立体的な配置の集水管を増設して、性能を回復させることが可能となる。 4) In addition, even in an existing drainage well that does not have a three-dimensionally arranged drainage pipe, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the drainage well by adding a three-dimensionally arranged drainage pipe. In other words, if the existing water collection well for landslide countermeasures has insufficient groundwater collection / exclusion performance, a three-dimensionally arranged water collection pipe can be easily added by carrying out the above-mentioned construction on the ground surface. The added water collecting pipe can compensate for the insufficient performance or improve the performance.
On the other hand, even if the drainage well has a three-dimensionally arranged water collection pipe at the time of installation, if for some reason the performance becomes insufficient, a three-dimensionally arranged water collection pipe is added to restore the performance. It becomes possible to make it.

以上のことにより、高機能化集水井工は、これまでの平面的に配置した集水管に加えて、立体的に配置した集水管を設けた構成としたので、平面的な配置の集水管だけを有した従来の集水井工に比べて、地すべり斜面内部の水みちを流下している地下水を、確実に収集して、格段に効率良く、しかも長期に渡って地下水排除が行える工法となる。   As described above, the highly functional drainage well is constructed with a three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe in addition to the conventional flatly arranged water collecting pipe. Compared to the conventional drainage well construction with a waterfall, the groundwater flowing down the waterway inside the landslide slope can be reliably collected, making it a much more efficient and long-term drainage method.

なお、上記した実施形態において、集水井は、地中に埋設した平面的な配置の集水管に加えて、立体的な配置の集水管を所定に設けた例を説明したが、これに限られることなく、立体的な配置の集水管だけを所定に設けた集水井としてもよい。すなわち、地すべり斜面に新たに設置する集水井としては、井筒と上記した立体的な配置の集水管とを主体にした構成としてもよい。他方、同様に、平面的な配置の集水管を有していない井筒だけの既存の集水井に、立体的な配置の集水管を増設してもよい。
さらに、立体的な配置の集水管を、平面視で縦井戸を中心にして地すべり斜面の上流側に扇状に配列した第１の例と、この上流側以外の残余のすべての側に設けて縦井戸を中心にして略円状に配列した第２の例と、のうちのいずれかを採用した構成を説明したが、これらの２つの例の間の中間的な配列をした構成としてもよい。すなわち、現地の水みちの状況に応じて、たとえば上流側に加えて、この上流側と下流側とに挟まれた２つの側のうちの片方だけに配列して平面視で非対称な扇状に設けたり、所定数の集水管を扇状に配列し、このグループ化した集水管を、上流側と下流側とにだけ設けたり、さらには上流側を基準とすることなく、適宜、平面視で互いに重ならないように適宜の間欠的に設けたりしてもよい。
また、上記の実施形態では、集水井を構成した縦井戸である井筒に多数本の集水管を設置した例を説明したが、これに限らずに、井筒自身の自らによる集水効果を得るために、井筒の壁面に、所定形状の貫通孔からなる適宜のストレーナの構成を設けてもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the drainage well has been described as an example in which a three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe is provided in addition to a planarly arranged water collecting pipe buried in the ground, but is not limited thereto. It is good also as a drainage well which provided only the three-dimensionally arranged drainage pipe without predetermined. That is, the water collection well newly installed on the landslide slope may be configured mainly by the well and the three-dimensionally arranged water collection pipe. On the other hand, similarly, a three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe may be added to an existing water collecting well having only a well that does not have a two-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipe.
Furthermore, a three-dimensionally arranged drainage pipe is arranged in a fan shape on the upstream side of the landslide slope centered on the vertical well in plan view, and provided on all remaining sides other than this upstream side. Although the configuration in which one of the second example and the second example arranged in a substantially circular shape centering on the well has been described, a configuration having an intermediate arrangement between these two examples may be used. That is, depending on the situation of the local water path, for example, in addition to the upstream side, it is arranged on only one of the two sides sandwiched between the upstream side and the downstream side and provided in an asymmetric fan shape in plan view A predetermined number of water collecting pipes are arranged in a fan shape, and the grouped water collecting pipes are provided only on the upstream side and the downstream side, and further, they are appropriately overlapped with each other in plan view without reference to the upstream side. It may be provided appropriately and intermittently so as not to become.
In the above embodiment, an example has been described in which a large number of water collecting pipes are installed in a well that is a vertical well that constitutes a water collecting well. Moreover, you may provide the structure of the appropriate strainer which consists of a through-hole of a predetermined shape in the wall surface of a well.

さらに、井筒内に、耐蝕性を有した安価な材料からなる適宜の補強部材を、多量に投入し井筒内部を、補強部材同士の間に地下水を貯留するための所定の空隙率を確保しながら充填して、補強部材によって内側から、井筒の強度を高めるようにしてもよい。すなわち、集水井を設置した後に、周囲の土塊の地すべり的な運動によって井筒が変形または破損するおそれのある場合は、礫、ずり、玉石などのように不定形状であっても好ましくは管径よりも大径の補強部材で埋め戻して、井筒を充填しておき、この補強部材によって、井筒を内側から補強するようにしてもよい。他方、この場合にも、少なくとも、立体的な配置の集水管に関しては良好な保守整備が維持される。さらに、集水井の設置によって、地すべり斜面から除去された土質量に相当する重さを、補強部材によって補填することも可能となる、つまり集水井の設置前と設置後とで地すべり斜面における集水井付近での荷重変動を最小限に留めることが可能になるので、該荷重変動に起因した地すべり斜面の不安定化を回避することができる。したがって、これによっても、地すべり斜面の地すべりを抑制する効果に寄与することが期待できる。   Furthermore, a suitable reinforcing member made of an inexpensive material having corrosion resistance is put in a large amount in the well and the inside of the well is secured with a predetermined porosity for storing groundwater between the reinforcing members. You may make it fill and raise the intensity | strength of a well from the inside with a reinforcement member. That is, after installing the drainage well, if there is a risk that the well will be deformed or damaged due to the landslide movement of the surrounding mass, even if it is indefinite shape such as gravel, shear, cobblestone, etc. Alternatively, the well may be backfilled with a large-diameter reinforcing member to fill the well, and the well may be reinforced from the inside by the reinforcing member. On the other hand, in this case as well, good maintenance is maintained at least for the three-dimensionally arranged water collecting pipes. In addition, it is possible to compensate for the weight corresponding to the soil mass removed from the landslide slope with the reinforcement member by installing the catchment well, that is, the catchment well on the landslide slope before and after installing the catchment well. Since it becomes possible to minimize the load fluctuation in the vicinity, it is possible to avoid instability of the landslide slope due to the load fluctuation. Therefore, it can be expected that this also contributes to the effect of suppressing the landslide on the landslide slope.

この発明の実施形態の集水井を示し、（ａ）は、地中を透視して集水井の全体構成を示す概略平面図であり、（ｂ）は、同集水井の概略側面図である。The water collection well of embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a schematic plan view which shows the whole structure of a water collection well through seeing underground, (b) is a schematic side view of the water collection well. 従来構成の集水井を示し、（ａ）は、地中に設置された部分を含めた従来の集水井の全体構成を示す概略平面図であり、（ｂ）は、同従来の集水井の概略側面図である。A conventional well is shown, (a) is a schematic plan view showing the entire structure of a conventional catchment well including a portion installed underground, (b) is an outline of the conventional catchment well It is a side view.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 集水井 ２ 井筒（縦井戸）
３ 集水管（平面的に埋設して配置） ４ 排水管
５ 集水管（立体的に埋設して配置） ５ａ 集水管の上端（立体的に配置した管）
Ａ 地すべり斜面
Ｓ 扇状の地下水捕捉面を形成した立体的な配置の集水管のグループ 1 Catchment well 2 Well (vertical well)
3 Drainage pipe (planarly buried and arranged) 4 Drainage pipe 5 Drainage pipe (three-dimensionally buried and arranged) 5a Upper end of the water collection pipe (three-dimensionally arranged pipe)
A Landslide slope S A group of three-dimensional water collection pipes that form a fan-shaped groundwater trapping surface

Claims (6)

地すべり斜面下の地下水を排除する工法であって、
ストレーナを有した集水管を、地すべり斜面下の水みちを遮断するように埋設し、かつ、その上端を前記斜面の地表面付近に位置させ、その下端を縦井戸に連通接続し、集水管がストレーナで捕捉した地下水を前記縦井戸に集水し該縦井戸から斜面外に排除することを特徴とする地下水排除工法。 It is a construction method that eliminates groundwater under the landslide slope,
A drainage pipe with a strainer is buried so as to block the water channel under the landslide slope, and its upper end is positioned near the ground surface of the slope, and its lower end is connected to a vertical well. A groundwater draining method characterized in that groundwater captured by a strainer is collected in the vertical well and removed from the vertical well outside the slope. 地すべり斜面下の地下水を縦井戸に集水して該地すべり斜面外に排除する集水井において、
ストレーナを有して前記縦井戸に連通接続された集水管を設け、この集水管は、その上端が前記斜面の地表面付近に位置するとともに、地すべり斜面下の水みちを遮断するように、埋設していることを特徴とする集水井。 In a drainage well that collects groundwater below a landslide slope into a vertical well and excludes it outside the landslide slope,
A drainage pipe having a strainer and connected to the vertical well is provided, and the drainage pipe is embedded so that its upper end is located near the ground surface of the slope and blocks the water channel under the landslide slope. A well that is characterized by 前記集水管は、地表面から掘削して前記縦井戸に到達させるように形成した斜孔に、設置したことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の集水井。   The water collecting well according to claim 2, wherein the water collecting pipe is installed in a slant hole formed so as to be excavated from the ground surface and reach the vertical well. 前記集水管は、当該集水管が既設か否かに拘わらず、適宜増設できることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の集水井。   The water collection well according to claim 3, wherein the water collection pipe can be added as appropriate regardless of whether the water collection pipe is already installed. 前記集水管を、前記縦井戸に対して前記地すべり斜面の上流側に、複数、所定に設け、これらの集水管によって、地すべり斜面を横断するように、略扇状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成していることを特徴とする請求項２ないし４のいずれかに記載の集水井。   A plurality of the water collecting pipes are provided on the upstream side of the landslide slope with respect to the vertical well, and a substantially fan-shaped groundwater trapping surface is formed in the ground so as to cross the landslide slope by these water collecting pipes. The drainage well according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the drainage well is provided. 前記集水管を、前記上流側以外の残余のすべての側に、所定に設け、これらの集水管によって、上方開口の略円錐形状の地下水捕捉面を地中に形成していることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の集水井。   The water collecting pipe is provided on all the remaining sides other than the upstream side, and a substantially conical groundwater trapping surface having an upper opening is formed in the ground by these water collecting pipes. The drainage well according to claim 5.
JP2005344863A 2005-11-30 2005-11-30 Groundwater drain method Expired - Fee Related JP4486585B2 (en)

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