JP2007117904A - Membrane filtration apparatus - Google Patents

Membrane filtration apparatus Download PDF

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JP2007117904A
JP2007117904A JP2005314205A JP2005314205A JP2007117904A JP 2007117904 A JP2007117904 A JP 2007117904A JP 2005314205 A JP2005314205 A JP 2005314205A JP 2005314205 A JP2005314205 A JP 2005314205A JP 2007117904 A JP2007117904 A JP 2007117904A
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membrane
water
rupture
filtration
membrane filtration
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Shoji Watanabe
昭二 渡辺
Takeshi Takemoto
剛 武本
晃治 ▲陰▼山
Koji Kageyama
Ichiro Enbutsu
伊智朗 圓佛
Naoki Hara
直樹 原
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Hitachi Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a membrane filtration apparatus which prevents contamination of leaked turbid matter into joined filtrate in concurrence with the development of membrane rupture, and quickly specifies a ruptured membrane module to promptly restart the operation of unruptured normal membrane modules. <P>SOLUTION: A membrane rupture judgment means 13A of an operation means 13 judges the presence of membrane rupture generation in a membrane filtration means from the measured value of a turbid matter detection means. When it is judged that membrane rupture is generated, a permeate flow rate control means 13C performs the identical operation of all membrane modules of the membrane filtration means to control a volume ratio of water leaked from the ruptured part and the ruptured membrane module so that the ratio increases. A ruptured membrane specifying means 13D specifies the ruptured membrane module in the membrane filtration means from the measured value of a permeate measuring means 8. An operation mode setting means 13B stops the filtration operation of the ruptured membrane module, and return the operating conditions of other normal membrane modules to the operating conditions before the generation of the membrane rupture. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、原水に含まれる濁質や病原性原虫等の分離除去のために設置される浄水場の膜ろ過処理装置に係り、特に、ろ過膜の破断の特定に好適な膜ろ過処理装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a membrane filtration treatment apparatus for a water purification plant installed for separating and removing turbid substances and pathogenic protozoa contained in raw water, and more particularly to a membrane filtration treatment apparatus suitable for specifying the breakage of a filtration membrane. .

膜ろ過処理装置は、河川などの表流水に代表される原水を浄化する浄水施設等に設置される。膜ろ過処理装置は、原水に含まれる濁質や病原性原虫等（以下、「濁質」と称する）を分離除去するろ過膜を内蔵した膜モジュールにより、清澄で、安全なろ過水を生成する。膜ろ過処理装置は、複数の膜モジュールを並列に接続するユニット方式や、さらに、複数のユニットを並列に配置した系列方式など、浄水量の規模に応じた多数の膜モジュールで構成されている。   The membrane filtration apparatus is installed in a water purification facility that purifies raw water represented by surface water such as rivers. The membrane filtration processing device generates clear and safe filtered water by using a membrane module with a built-in filtration membrane that separates and removes turbidity, pathogenic protozoa, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “turbidity”) contained in raw water. . The membrane filtration apparatus is composed of a large number of membrane modules according to the amount of purified water, such as a unit system in which a plurality of membrane modules are connected in parallel, or a series system in which a plurality of units are arranged in parallel.

このような膜ろ過処理装置においては、ろ過，逆洗，薬品洗浄などの処理が繰り返されるため、膜モジュール内のろ過膜が損傷・破損・破断（以下、総称して、「破断」と称す）する場合がある。ろ過膜の破断が生じると、その破断部分から未処理の原水が漏れるため、ろ過水に濁質が混入する。このように、膜の破断が発生した場合、浄水となるろ過水に原水の濁質が直接漏出し、安全性が損なわれる。膜ろ過装置では、膜破断の発生と、発生した膜モジュールを迅速に把握特定して早期対策を講じ、破断していない正常な膜モジュールによる浄水能力を維持することが重要である。   In such a membrane filtration treatment device, filtration, backwashing, chemical washing, and the like are repeated, so that the filtration membrane in the membrane module is damaged, broken, or broken (hereinafter collectively referred to as “breakage”). There is a case. When the filtration membrane breaks, untreated raw water leaks from the broken portion, and turbidity is mixed into the filtered water. In this way, when the membrane breaks, the turbidity of the raw water leaks directly into the filtered water, which is the purified water, and the safety is impaired. In the membrane filtration device, it is important to maintain the water purification capability of a normal membrane module that is not broken, by promptly grasping and identifying the occurrence of membrane breakage and the membrane module that has occurred.

膜の破断検知方式としては、１台の濁度計で、系列毎のろ過水を順次切替えて濁度を計測し有意差を検出する方式（特許文献１）や、複数系列の１系列のみ順次ろ過運転を停止し、合流ろ過水の濁度変化を検出する方式（特許文献２）や、系列ろ過水の濁度や流量、圧力を計測し閾値と比較する方式（特許文献３）や、系列に設置した１台の濁度計で膜モジュールのろ過水を順次切替えて濁度を計測する方式（特許文献４）などが知られている。   As a membrane rupture detection method, a single turbidity meter sequentially switches the filtered water for each series to measure turbidity and detects a significant difference (Patent Document 1), or sequentially for only one series of multiple series. A system that stops the filtration operation and detects the turbidity change of the combined filtrate water (Patent Document 2), a system that measures the turbidity, flow rate, and pressure of the series filtrate water and compares them with the threshold (Patent Document 3), There is known a method (Patent Document 4) in which the turbidity is measured by sequentially switching the filtered water of the membrane module with a single turbidimeter installed in the system.

さらに、系列に設置した１台の濁度計で、濁度値が異常な場合に系列のろ過運転を停止し、順次１本づつ膜モジュールを運転して濁度計でろ過水濁度を計測する方式（特許文献５）も知られている。   Furthermore, with one turbidimeter installed in the series, when the turbidity value is abnormal, the series filtration operation is stopped, and the membrane module is operated one by one, and the turbidimeter measures the filtered water turbidity. There is also a known method (Patent Document 5).

特開２００４−１１３９５７号公報JP 2004-113957 A 特開平９−１０８５５０号公報JP-A-9-108550 特開２００１−１７０４５８号公報JP 2001-170458 A 特開２０００−３５０９２５号公報JP 2000-350925 A 特開２００３−３３４５５１号公報JP 2003-334551 A

しかしながら、特許文献１，特許文献２，特許文献３に記載のものは、ユニット毎あるいは系列毎に膜の破断を検出するもので、破断した膜モジュールの特定がなされていないため、これらの方式では破断が検知できても、破断膜モジュールから濁質の漏出が継続することになる。また、特許文献１及び２は、順次系列の切替で濁度値の有意差を比較するもので、計測時以外に破断したときは、次回の計測時まで、濁質がろ過水に漏出することになる。濁度計のほかに、ろ過流量や圧力の計測値を利用する特許文献３は感度上の課題がある。例えば、最も適用例の多い中空糸膜の場合を例にすると、系列には数千〜１万本の中空糸を内蔵した膜モジュールが多数本で構成される。そのうちの１本の中空糸が破断した場合、本発明者らの実験試算によれば、圧力及び流量変化は０．１％以下となり、検出器の検出感度範囲外となって正確に測定できない、あるいは装置誤差範囲となる場合がある。また、一般的な運転方式であるろ過水量定量では、ろ過流量が常時一定値に維持される。その結果、ろ過膜に破断が生じているときでも、その破断を検出できないおそれがある。   However, those described in Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3 are for detecting the breakage of the membrane for each unit or each series, and since the broken membrane module is not specified, in these methods, Even if the rupture can be detected, turbidity leakage continues from the ruptured membrane module. In addition, Patent Documents 1 and 2 compare significant differences in turbidity values by sequentially switching the series, and when ruptured at times other than measurement, turbidity leaks into filtrate until the next measurement. become. In addition to the turbidimeter, Patent Document 3 that uses measured values of filtration flow rate and pressure has a problem in sensitivity. For example, taking the case of hollow fiber membranes with the most application examples as an example, the series includes a large number of membrane modules containing thousands to 10,000 hollow fibers. When one of the hollow fibers breaks, according to the experimental calculation by the present inventors, the pressure and flow rate change is 0.1% or less, which is outside the detection sensitivity range of the detector and cannot be measured accurately. Or there may be an apparatus error range. Further, in the quantification of filtered water, which is a general operation method, the filtration flow rate is always maintained at a constant value. As a result, even when a rupture occurs in the filtration membrane, the rupture may not be detected.

さらに、特許文献４及び特許文献５に記載のものは、破断した膜モジュールは精度良く特定できるが、多数本の膜モジュールを順次切替測定するため、破断膜特定までに時間を要す。さらに、特許文献４に記載のものは、特許文献１及び特許文献２に記載のものと同様、計測時以外に破断したときは、次回の計測時まで、濁質がろ過水に漏出することになる。特許文献５に記載のものは、破断膜モジュールが特定されるまで、正常な膜モジュールの運転も全面停止されるので、浄水能力を低下させることになる。   Furthermore, although the thing described in patent document 4 and patent document 5 can pinpoint the fracture | ruptured membrane module with a sufficient precision, since many membrane modules are switched and measured sequentially, time is required until a fractured membrane specification. Furthermore, the thing described in Patent Document 4 is similar to that described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, and when ruptured other than at the time of measurement, turbidity will leak into the filtered water until the next measurement. Become. Since the thing of patent document 5 stops the operation | movement of a normal membrane module entirely until a fracture | rupture membrane module is specified, it will reduce water purification capability.

本発明の目的は、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、かつ、発生した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水，即ち、浄水を維持できる膜ろ過処理装置を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to prevent the leakage turbidity from being mixed into the combined filtered water at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, and to quickly identify the membrane module that has occurred and to promptly operate a normal membrane module that is not broken. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a membrane filtration apparatus that can reduce the reduction in water purification capacity as much as possible and maintain safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water.

本発明者らは、破断膜と正常膜との膜ろ過特性実験を鋭意実施した。その結果、原水供給圧力あるいは膜間差圧で正常膜に対する破断膜（部分）から漏出する比率が変化し、特に、特定の供給圧力あるいは膜間差圧以下にすると、漏出比率が増加する知見を得て、本発明に至った。   The present inventors diligently conducted a membrane filtration characteristic experiment between a fractured membrane and a normal membrane. As a result, the ratio of leakage from the ruptured membrane (part) with respect to the normal membrane changes depending on the raw water supply pressure or the transmembrane pressure difference. The present invention has been obtained.

この知見に基づいて、本発明は、複数の膜モジュールで構成される浄水場の膜ろ過装置において、膜破断の発生と同時にろ過処理を停止し、破断した膜モジュールからのろ過水量が他の正常な膜モジュールより多くなる圧力条件で全膜モジュールを運転し、破断部からの漏出比率を増大させて、その相違を容易に把握可能な状態下で、一斉に破断膜モジュールと正常膜モジュールを特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開する構成とする。   Based on this knowledge, the present invention, in the membrane filtration apparatus of the water purification plant composed of a plurality of membrane modules, stops the filtration process simultaneously with the occurrence of membrane breakage, the amount of filtrate water from the broken membrane module is another normal All membrane modules are operated under a pressure condition that is greater than that of various membrane modules, and the leakage ratio from the fractured part is increased, so that the difference can be easily grasped, and the fractured membrane module and the normal membrane module are identified simultaneously. And it is set as the structure which restarts the driving | operation of the normal membrane module which is not fractured early.

（１）上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、原水供給手段から供給された原水に含まれる濁質を、複数の膜モジュールを並列に配置した膜ろ過手段で分離し、前記膜モジュールの透過水を合流させてろ過水を得る浄水の膜ろ過処理装置において、前記合流ろ過水の濁質状態を計測する濁質計測手段と、前記濁質検出手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段での膜破断発生有無を判定する膜破断判定手段と、前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、前記膜ろ過手段の全ての膜モジュールを同一操作し、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように調整する漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段と、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜特定手段と、前記破断膜特定手段で特定された破断膜モジュールのろ過運転を停止し、他の正常な膜モジュールを膜破断発生前の運転条件に復帰させる運転モード設定手段と、備えるようにしたものである。
かかる構成により、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、かつ、発生した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水を維持し得るものとなる。 (1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention separates turbidity contained in raw water supplied from raw water supply means by membrane filtration means in which a plurality of membrane modules are arranged in parallel, In a membrane filtration apparatus for purified water that combines permeate to obtain filtrate, the turbidity measuring means for measuring the turbid state of the combined filtrate and the membrane filtration means based on the measured value of the turbidity detection means A membrane rupture determining means for determining whether or not a membrane rupture occurs at the same time, and when the membrane rupture determining means determines that a membrane rupture has occurred, all the membrane modules of the membrane filtration means are operated in the same manner, A leakage water amount adjusting means for adjusting the ratio of the amount of water leaking from the module; a permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the membrane module changed by adjustment of the leakage water amount adjusting means; Based on the measured value, the membrane-breaking means for identifying the membrane module that has been broken by the membrane filtration means, and the filtration operation of the broken membrane module identified by the membrane-breaking means is stopped, and other normal membrane modules are removed. Operation mode setting means for returning to the operation condition before the occurrence of film breakage is provided.
With this configuration, at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtered water, and the membrane module that has occurred can be quickly identified and normal membrane module operation that is not broken can be resumed early. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the decrease in water purification capacity as much as possible and maintain safe and secure filtered water.

（２）上記（１）において、好ましくは、前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記合流ろ過水を前記原水供給手段あるいは前記膜ろ過手段の前方に還流させ、前記膜ろ過手段の原水側とろ過水側の膜間差圧を予め設定した特定圧力以下となるように、前記原水供給手段を調節し、前記透過水計測手段は、前記膜モジュールの透過水を対象に設置されるものである。   (2) In the above (1), preferably, the leakage water amount adjusting means causes the combined filtrate to recirculate in front of the raw water supply means or the membrane filtration means, and the raw water side and the filtrate water side of the membrane filtration means. The raw water supply means is adjusted so that the transmembrane pressure difference is equal to or lower than a specific pressure set in advance, and the permeated water measuring means is installed for the permeated water of the membrane module.

（３）上記（１）において、好ましくは、さらに、前記膜ろ過手段の膜モジュール毎に透過水の分岐水を得る手段と、前記透過水と分岐水の排出を選択できる排出選択手段と、を備え、前記透過水計測手段は、前記分岐水を対象に設置され、前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記原水供給手段を一時停止するとともに、前記排出選択手段を分岐水を排出するように操作した後、前記膜ろ過手段の原水側の圧力を予め設定した特定圧力以下となるように前記原水供給手段の運転を再開させるようにしたものである。   (3) In the above (1), preferably, further, means for obtaining branch water of permeate for each membrane module of the membrane filtration means, and discharge selection means capable of selecting discharge of the permeate and branch water. The permeated water measuring means is installed for the branch water, and the leakage water amount adjusting means temporarily stops the raw water supply means and operates the discharge selection means to discharge the branch water. The operation of the raw water supply means is restarted so that the pressure on the raw water side of the membrane filtration means is equal to or lower than a preset specific pressure.

（４）上記（３）において、好ましくは、前記原水供給手段と膜ろ過手段の間に、膜ろ過手段に対して所定の水頭位置に原水を一時貯留できる原水貯留手段を有し、前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記原水貯留手段に原水を所定量貯留した後に停止させ、前記原水貯留手段に貯留した原水を前記膜ろ過手段に供給するものである。   (4) In the above (3), preferably, between the raw water supply means and the membrane filtration means, there is a raw water storage means capable of temporarily storing raw water at a predetermined head position with respect to the membrane filtration means, and the amount of leaked water The adjusting means stops the raw water after storing a predetermined amount of raw water in the raw water storage means, and supplies the raw water stored in the raw water storage means to the membrane filtration means.

（５）上記（１）において、好ましくは、前記合流ろ過水の一部を連続で取水し、外圧型浸漬膜と該浸漬膜の膜面を常時洗浄する機構を内蔵する膜分離器と、前記浸漬膜の透過水を吸引する吸引機構と、と有し、取水ろ過水の濁質を濃縮する濃縮手段を備え、前記合流ろ過水の濁質計測手段は、前記濃縮手段にて濃縮された濃縮水の濁質状態を計測するようにしたものである。   (5) In the above (1), preferably, a part of the combined filtrate water is continuously taken, and a membrane separator having a built-in mechanism for constantly washing the external pressure type immersion membrane and the membrane surface of the immersion membrane; A suction mechanism for sucking the permeated water of the submerged membrane, and comprising a concentration means for concentrating the turbidity of the filtered water of the intake water, and the turbidity measuring means of the combined filtrate is concentrated by the concentration means It is intended to measure the turbid state of water.

（６）また、上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、原水供給手段から供給された原水に含まれる濁質を、複数の膜モジュールを並列に配置した膜ろ過ユニットを複数組合せた膜ろ過手段で分離し、前記膜モジュールの透過水を前記膜ろ過ユニット毎に集水した後、集水透過水を合流させてろ過水を得る浄水の膜ろ過処理装置において、前記合流ろ過水の濁質状態を計測する濁質計測手段と、前記濁質検出手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段での膜破断発生有無を判定する膜破断判定手段と、前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、前記膜ろ過手段の全ての膜モジュールを同一操作し、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように調整する漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段と、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜特定手段と、前記破断膜特定手段で特定された破断膜モジュールのろ過運転を停止し、他の正常な膜モジュールを膜破断発生前の運転条件に復帰させる運転モード設定手段と、を備えるようにしたものである。
かかる構成により、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、かつ、発生した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水を維持し得るものとなる。 (6) Moreover, in order to achieve the said objective, this invention is membrane filtration which combined multiple membrane filtration units which have arrange | positioned the several membrane module in parallel for the suspended matter contained in the raw | natural water supplied from the raw | natural water supply means. In the purified water membrane filtration apparatus for collecting filtered water after collecting the permeated water of the membrane module for each of the membrane filtration units, and collecting the collected water permeated water, the turbidity of the combined filtered water A turbidity measuring means for measuring the state, a membrane rupture determining means for determining the presence or absence of a membrane rupture in the membrane filtration means based on a measurement value of the turbidity detecting means, and a membrane rupture occurrence in the membrane rupture determining means When judged, all the membrane modules of the membrane filtration means are operated in the same way, and the leakage water amount adjusting means for adjusting the ratio of the amount of water leaking from the rupture part and the rupture membrane module is adjusted, and the leakage water amount adjusting means With adjustment The permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the membrane module, the ruptured membrane specifying means for specifying the membrane module broken by the membrane filtration means based on the measurement value of the permeated water measuring means, and the ruptured membrane And an operation mode setting means for stopping the filtration operation of the breakable membrane module specified by the specifying means and returning other normal membrane modules to the operating conditions before the occurrence of the membrane breakage.
With this configuration, at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtered water, and the membrane module that has occurred can be quickly identified and normal membrane module operation that is not broken can be resumed early. By doing so, it is possible to reduce the decrease in water purification capacity as much as possible and maintain safe and secure filtered water.

（７）上記（６）において、好ましくは、前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させて、破断した膜モジュールの存在する膜ユニットを特定する破断膜ユニット特定手段と、前記破断膜ユニット特定手段で特定された膜ユニットの破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させて、破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜モジュール特定手段と、を備えるようにしたものである。   (7) In the above (6), preferably, when the membrane rupture determining means determines that a membrane rupture has occurred, the ratio of the amount of water leaking from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module is increased, and the presence of the ruptured membrane module Rupture membrane unit specifying means for specifying a membrane unit to be cut, and a rupture portion for specifying a ruptured membrane module by increasing a ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion of the membrane unit specified by the rupture membrane unit specifying means and the rupture membrane module And a membrane module specifying means.

（８）上記（７）において、好ましくは、前記破断膜ユニット特定手段は、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように、膜ユニット間で調整できる漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜ユニットの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段とを有し、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜ユニットを特定し、前記破断膜モジュール特定手段は、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように、膜モジュール間で調整できる漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段とを有し、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ユニットで破断した膜モジュールを特定するようにしたものである。   (8) In the above (7), preferably, the rupture membrane unit specifying means is configured to adjust the leakage water amount that can be adjusted between the membrane units so as to increase the ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module. A permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the membrane unit changed by adjustment of the leakage water amount adjusting means, and identifying the membrane unit broken by the membrane filtering means based on the measured value of the permeated water measuring means The rupture membrane module specifying means is changed by adjusting the leakage water amount adjusting means that can be adjusted between the membrane modules and the leakage water amount adjusting means so as to increase the ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module. A membrane module that is ruptured by the membrane unit on the basis of the measured value of the permeated water measuring unit. It is obtained so as to identify Lumpur.

（９）上記（６）において、好ましくは、前記合流ろ過水の一部を連続で取水し、外圧型浸漬膜と該浸漬膜の膜面を常時洗浄する機構を内蔵する膜分離器と、前記浸漬膜の透過水を吸引する吸引機構と、を有し、取水ろ過水の濁質を濃縮する濃縮手段を備え、前記合流ろ過水の濁質計測手段は、前記濃縮手段にて濃縮された濃縮水の濁質状態を計測するようにしたものである。   (9) In the above (6), preferably, a part of the combined filtrate water is continuously taken, a membrane separator having a built-in mechanism for constantly washing the outer pressure type immersion membrane and the membrane surface of the immersion membrane, A suction mechanism for sucking the permeated water of the submerged membrane, and comprising a concentration means for concentrating the turbidity of the intake filtered water, and the turbidity measuring means for the combined filtrate is concentrated by the concentration means. It is intended to measure the turbid state of water.

本発明によれば、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、さらに、発生した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水，即ち、浄水を維持し得るものとなる。   According to the present invention, at the same time as the occurrence of a membrane rupture, the leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtered water, and the generated membrane module is quickly identified and the operation of a normal membrane module that is not ruptured early. It is possible to maintain the safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water, by reducing the reduction of the water purification capacity as much as possible.

以下、図１〜図１０を用いて、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の構成及び動作について説明する。   Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

本実施形態の膜ろ過処理装置は、破断膜モジュールと正常膜モジュールとの膜ろ過特性の相違に基づいて、膜モジュールの破断を検出するようにしている。ろ過特性相違とは、ろ過水量を低流量，即ち、原水供給圧力あるいは膜間差圧を低くするほど、破断膜（部分）から漏出する比率が高まるという知見である。特に、正常膜からのろ過水量が「０」となる特定の供給圧力あるいは膜間差圧でも、破断している場合は漏出し、ろ過水量の存在が確認された。この知見に基づいて、特定圧力範囲に原水供給手段を調節し、破断した膜モジュールからの漏出比率を増加させることにより、破断した膜モジュールを容易に特定できるものである。   The membrane filtration processing apparatus of the present embodiment detects the breakage of the membrane module based on the difference in membrane filtration characteristics between the broken membrane module and the normal membrane module. The difference in filtration characteristics is a finding that the rate of leakage from the ruptured membrane (part) increases as the amount of filtered water decreases, that is, the raw water supply pressure or the transmembrane pressure difference decreases. In particular, even when a specific supply pressure or inter-membrane differential pressure at which the amount of filtered water from the normal membrane was “0” was broken, leakage occurred, and the presence of the amount of filtered water was confirmed. Based on this knowledge, the broken membrane module can be easily identified by adjusting the raw water supply means to a specific pressure range and increasing the leakage ratio from the broken membrane module.

最初に、図１〜図５を用いて、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の構成及び動作について説明する。
まず、図１を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の全体構成について説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。 Initially, the structure and operation | movement of the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention are demonstrated using FIGS.
First, the overall configuration of the first example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a first example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、河川などの表流水に代表される原水を浄化する浄化施設等に設置される。   The membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment is installed in a purification facility that purifies raw water represented by surface water such as rivers.

図１において、膜ろ過処理装置は、原水供給手段２と、この供給手段２から原水供給管１を介して供給される原水に含まれる濁質を分離除去するろ膜ろ過手段３と、膜ろ過手段３に接続された透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎと、透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎの合流管９で導水された合流ろ過水に含まれる漏出濁質を計測する濁質計測手段１２と、濁質計測手段１２の計測値に基づきろ過膜の破断を検出して破断した膜を特定するための操作機能を有する演算制御手段１３などを備えている。   In FIG. 1, a membrane filtration treatment apparatus includes raw water supply means 2, filter membrane filtration means 3 that separates and removes turbidity contained in raw water supplied from the supply means 2 via the raw water supply pipe 1, and membrane filtration. , 4n connected to the means 3, and turbidity measuring means for measuring leaked turbidity contained in the combined filtrate water introduced by the merging pipe 9 of the permeate pipes 41, 42, ..., 4n. 12 and an arithmetic control means 13 having an operation function for detecting the rupture of the filtration membrane based on the measurement value of the turbidity measurement means 12 and specifying the ruptured membrane.

膜ろ過手段３は、複数の膜モジュール３１，３２，…，３ｎで構成される。それぞれの膜モジュール３１，３２，…，３ｎからの透過水は、透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎを通して合流管９に入り、合流ろ過水となる。合流ろ過水は、図示しないが、塩素殺菌などの処理後、浄水（水道水）となる。濁質計測手段１２は、合流ろ過水の濁質状態を計測するもので、高感度濁度計や微粒子カウンターを適用できるが、本実施例では高感度濁度計採用している。   The membrane filtration means 3 includes a plurality of membrane modules 31, 32, ..., 3n. The permeated water from each of the membrane modules 31, 32,..., 3n enters the merging pipe 9 through the permeated water pipes 41, 42,. Although not shown, the combined filtrate becomes purified water (tap water) after treatment such as chlorine sterilization. The turbidity measuring means 12 measures the turbidity state of the combined filtrate water, and a highly sensitive turbidimeter or a fine particle counter can be applied. In this embodiment, a highly sensitive turbidimeter is used.

より詳細に、本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置について説明する。膜ろ過手段３は、原水中の濁質や微粒子などを除去する複数のろ過膜（膜モジュール）が実装されている。ろ過膜は、数千本の中空糸膜が組み込まれて構成されたモジュール単位で加工されている。このようなろ過膜は、膜の孔径よりも大きな微粒子をほぼ除去できる。   In more detail, the membrane filtration apparatus of a present Example is demonstrated. The membrane filtration means 3 is equipped with a plurality of filtration membranes (membrane modules) that remove turbidity and fine particles in raw water. The filtration membrane is processed in units of modules configured by incorporating thousands of hollow fiber membranes. Such a filtration membrane can substantially remove fine particles larger than the pore size of the membrane.

原水供給手段２は、膜ろ過手段３のろ過流束を変更するポンプ等を有し、膜ろ過手段３の上流側に直列に配設され、膜ろ過手段３を構成する各膜モジュール３１，３２，…，３ｎと接続された原水供給管１から原水を供給する。原水供給手段２からの原水流量を増加させると膜ろ過手段３の一次側（供給側）圧力が増し、ろ過流束すなわち、膜モジュールから透過するろ過流量が増加する。逆に、原水流量を低下させると膜ろ過手段３の一次側（供給側）圧力が低下し、ろ過流量も低下する。通常のろ過運転制御では、演算手段１３は、流量計１１によって検出されたろ過合流水の流量が一定となるように、原水供給手段２を制御して、原水流量を調節し、ろ過流量を一定に制御する。圧力計測手段１５，１６は、膜ろ過手段３の原水側圧力と透過水合流側圧力を計測する。両者の圧力差（以下、「膜間差圧」と称す）で膜モジュールの目詰り状態を判断でき、物理逆洗や薬品洗浄条件などを判定できる。   The raw water supply means 2 has a pump or the like for changing the filtration flux of the membrane filtration means 3 and is arranged in series upstream of the membrane filtration means 3, and each membrane module 31, 32 constituting the membrane filtration means 3. The raw water is supplied from the raw water supply pipe 1 connected to 3n,. When the raw water flow rate from the raw water supply unit 2 is increased, the primary side (supply side) pressure of the membrane filtration unit 3 increases, and the filtration flux, that is, the filtration flow rate permeating from the membrane module increases. Conversely, when the raw water flow rate is lowered, the primary side (supply side) pressure of the membrane filtration means 3 is lowered, and the filtration flow rate is also lowered. In normal filtration operation control, the calculation means 13 controls the raw water supply means 2 to adjust the raw water flow rate so that the flow rate of the filtered combined water detected by the flow meter 11 is constant, and the filtration flow rate is constant. To control. The pressure measuring means 15 and 16 measure the raw water side pressure and the permeate merging side pressure of the membrane filtration means 3. The clogged state of the membrane module can be determined by the pressure difference between them (hereinafter referred to as “transmembrane differential pressure”), and physical backwashing or chemical cleaning conditions can be determined.

合流前の透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎには、モジュール開閉手段群５が設置されている。モジュール開閉手段群５は、モジュール開閉手段５１，５２，…，５ｎから構成されている。モジュール開閉手段群５は、演算制御手段１３の指令により「開」「閉」操作される。通常運転モードにおいて、モジュール開閉手段群５は「開」となっている。   A module opening / closing means group 5 is installed in the permeated water pipes 41, 42,..., 4n before joining. The module opening / closing means group 5 includes module opening / closing means 51, 52,..., 5n. The module opening / closing means group 5 is operated to “open” and “close” in response to a command from the arithmetic control means 13. In the normal operation mode, the module opening / closing means group 5 is “open”.

さらに、合流前の透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎには、透過水計測手段群８が接地されている。透過水計測手段群８は、透過水計測手段８１，８２，…，８ｎから構成され、各膜モジュール３１，３２，…，３ｎの透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎに設けられている。透過水計測手段８１，８２，…，８ｎには、流量計や濁度計を適用できるが、本実施例では流量計を採用している。   Further, the permeated water measuring means group 8 is grounded to the permeated water pipes 41, 42,. The permeated water measuring means group 8 comprises permeated water measuring means 81, 82,..., 8n, and is provided in the permeated water pipes 41, 42,. As the permeated water measuring means 81, 82,..., 8n, a flow meter or a turbidimeter can be applied, but in this embodiment, a flow meter is employed.

合流ろ過水管９の後方には、ろ過水開閉手段２５が設置され、その上流部には、返送水開閉手段２６を設置した返送水管２７が設置されている。通常運転モードでは、開閉手段２５が「開」、開閉手段２６が「閉」となっている。なお、開閉手段２５，２６は、電磁弁である。原水供給部からろ過水の合流部までを１つの膜ユニット１０と称し、ろ過や逆洗など同一条件で運転操作される。   A filtered water opening / closing means 25 is installed behind the merged filtered water pipe 9, and a return water pipe 27 provided with a returning water opening / closing means 26 is installed upstream thereof. In the normal operation mode, the opening / closing means 25 is “open” and the opening / closing means 26 is “closed”. The opening / closing means 25 and 26 are electromagnetic valves. From the raw water supply part to the combined part of the filtrate water is referred to as one membrane unit 10 and is operated under the same conditions such as filtration and backwashing.

次に、図２を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置に用いる演算制御手段１３の構成について説明する。
図２は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例に用いる演算制御手段の構成を示すブロック図である。 Next, the configuration of the arithmetic control means 13 used in the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the arithmetic control means used in the first example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

演算制御手段１３は、膜破断判定手段１３Ａと、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂと、透過水量調節手段１３Ｃと、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄと、流路設定手段１３Ｅとを備えている。   The calculation control means 13 includes a membrane breakage determination means 13A, an operation mode setting means 13B, a permeated water amount adjustment means 13C, a breakage membrane specifying means 13D, and a flow path setting means 13E.

膜破断判定手段１３Ａは、濁質計測手段１２，透過水計測手段８，原水供給側（一次側）の圧力計１５やろ過水側（二次側）の圧力計１６からの計測信号を取り込むとともに、濁質計測手段１２の出力値（濁度計測値ｔ）に基づいて膜ろ過手段３の膜モジュールに破断が生じているか否かを判定する。運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、膜破断判定手段１３Ａの判定結果に基いて、正常運転モードと破断膜特定モードを選択出力する。透過水量調節手段１３Ｃは、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂの判定に基づいて、正常運転モードと破断膜特定モードとのそれぞれについて、原水供給手段２を操作して透過水量を調節する。破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、透過水計測手段８の出力に基づいて破断膜モジュールを特定する。流路設定手段１３Ｅは、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂの判定に基づいて、正常運転モードと破断膜特定モードとのそれぞれについて、モジュール開閉手段群５，ろ過水開閉手段２５，返送水開閉手段２６の開閉を操作する。   The membrane breakage determination means 13A takes in measurement signals from the turbidity measurement means 12, the permeate measurement means 8, the pressure gauge 15 on the raw water supply side (primary side) and the pressure gauge 16 on the filtrate side (secondary side). Based on the output value (turbidity measurement value t) of the turbidity measuring means 12, it is determined whether or not the membrane module of the membrane filtration means 3 is broken. The operation mode setting means 13B selectively outputs the normal operation mode and the break film specifying mode based on the determination result of the film breakage determination means 13A. Based on the determination made by the operation mode setting unit 13B, the permeated water amount adjusting unit 13C operates the raw water supply unit 2 to adjust the permeated water amount for each of the normal operation mode and the fractured membrane specifying mode. The rupture membrane specifying means 13D specifies the rupture membrane module based on the output of the permeated water measuring means 8. The flow path setting means 13E opens and closes the module opening / closing means group 5, the filtered water opening / closing means 25, and the return water opening / closing means 26 for each of the normal operation mode and the rupture membrane specifying mode based on the determination of the operation mode setting means 13B. To operate.

図１及び図２に示すように構成される膜ろ過処理装置の基本動作について説明する。まず、演算制御手段１３の運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、通常運転モードを出力指令し、流路設定手段１３Ｅはモジュール開閉手段群５を「開」、ろ過水開閉手段２５を「開」、返送水開閉手段２６を「閉」とする。透過水量調節手段１３Ｃは、流量計１１によって検出されたろ過合流水の流量が一定となるように、原水供給手段２を制御して、原水流量を調節し、ろ過流量を一定に制御する。   The basic operation of the membrane filtration apparatus configured as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. First, the operation mode setting means 13B of the arithmetic control means 13 issues an output command for the normal operation mode, and the flow path setting means 13E "opens" the module opening / closing means group 5, "opens" the filtered water opening / closing means 25, and returns water. The opening / closing means 26 is “closed”. The permeated water amount adjusting means 13C controls the raw water supply means 2 to adjust the raw water flow rate so that the flow rate of the filtered combined water detected by the flow meter 11 is constant, thereby controlling the filtered flow rate to be constant.

ろ過流量一定制御により、原水（例えば、表流水，伏流水，地下水など）が膜ろ過手段３に供給される。供給された原水は、各膜モジュールを通過するに際し、濁質等が分離除去され、清澄な透過水が膜ろ過手段３から流出され、合流管９で合流ろ過水となる。合流ろ過水は後工程で殺菌などの処理がなされ、浄水となる。   Raw water (for example, surface water, underground water, groundwater, etc.) is supplied to the membrane filtration means 3 by the constant filtration flow rate control. When the supplied raw water passes through each membrane module, turbidity and the like are separated and removed, and clear permeated water flows out from the membrane filtration means 3 and becomes merged filtrate in the merge tube 9. The combined filtered water is subjected to sterilization and the like in a later process to become purified water.

なお、原水供給側（一次側）の圧力計１５及びろ過水側（二次側）の圧力計１６によって検出された一次側及び二次側圧力に基づいて、膜間差圧（一次側と二次側の圧力差）が一定となるように、原水供給手段２を制御するようにしてもよいものである。   In addition, based on the primary side and secondary side pressures detected by the pressure gauge 15 on the raw water supply side (primary side) and the pressure gauge 16 on the filtrate water side (secondary side), the transmembrane pressure difference (primary side and secondary side The raw water supply means 2 may be controlled so that the pressure difference on the secondary side becomes constant.

次に、図３を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の演算制御手段１３による膜破断判定手順について説明する。
図３は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。 Next, the membrane rupture determination procedure by the arithmetic control means 13 of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a membrane breakage determination procedure by the arithmetic control means used in the first example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

図３（ａ）において、膜破断判定手段１３Ａは、濁質計測手段１２によって検出された濁度計測値ｔと、予め設定した濁度設定値Ｔ１とを比較演算し、ｔ＞Ｔ１の状態が所定時間継続された場合に、膜ろ過手段３のいずれかの膜モジュールにおける中空糸が破断したと判断し、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂに破断発生信号を出力する。   In FIG. 3A, the membrane breakage determination means 13A compares the turbidity measurement value t detected by the turbidity measurement means 12 with a preset turbidity set value T1, and the state of t> T1 is satisfied. When it is continued for a predetermined time, it is determined that the hollow fiber in any membrane module of the membrane filtration means 3 is broken, and a breakage occurrence signal is output to the operation mode setting means 13B.

図３（ｂ）において、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、膜破断判定手段１３Ａからの破断発生信号により、通常運転モードから破断膜特定モードに運転を変更し、変更されたモードを、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃ，破断膜特定手段１３Ｄ，流路設定手段１３Ｅに通知する。   In FIG. 3 (b), the operation mode setting means 13B changes the operation from the normal operation mode to the rupture membrane specifying mode based on the rupture occurrence signal from the membrane rupture determination means 13A, and changes the changed mode to the permeated water amount adjusting means. 13C, the rupture film specifying means 13D, and the flow path setting means 13E are notified.

破断膜特定モードに変更されると、まず、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、ろ過水開閉手段２５を「閉」、返送水開閉手段２６を「開」とし、ろ過水（浄水）への濁質混入を速やかに防止する。返送水管２７の濁質混入ろ過水は、例えば、原水供給手段２の上流部に設置してある原水槽（図示せず）に還流する。   When the mode is changed to the ruptured membrane specifying mode, first, the flow path setting means 13E sets the filtered water opening / closing means 25 to “closed” and the return water opening / closing means 26 to “open”, and turbidity is mixed into the filtered water (purified water). Promptly prevent The turbid mixed filtered water in the return water pipe 27 is returned to, for example, a raw water tank (not shown) installed upstream of the raw water supply means 2.

次に、図３（ｃ）において、透過水量調節手段１３Ｃは、膜ろ過手段３の一次側圧力計１５と一次側圧力計１５の差，すなわち、膜間差圧ΔＰが予め定めた設定値ΔＰｍ以下となるように、原水供給手段２からの流量を操作する。この膜間圧力設定値ΔＰｍの設定方式は、図４及び図５を用いて後述するが、正常膜に比較して、破断膜からの流出水の割合を増加させる値である。   Next, in FIG. 3C, the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C is configured such that the difference between the primary pressure gauge 15 and the primary pressure gauge 15 of the membrane filtration means 3, that is, the transmembrane pressure difference ΔP is a predetermined set value ΔPm. The flow rate from the raw water supply means 2 is manipulated so as to be as follows. The setting method of the intermembrane pressure setting value ΔPm will be described later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 and is a value that increases the ratio of the outflow water from the fractured membrane as compared to the normal membrane.

破断膜からの流出水の割合を増加させるように、原水供給手段２を運転することで、破断した膜モジュールからの流出量，すなわち、漏出量は正常な膜モジュールからの流出量より多くなり、破談膜を検出する際の検出感度を高めることができる。漏出量は、透過水計測手段８によって計測される。各膜モジュールに設置された透過水計測手段８１，８２，…，８ｎの出力値は、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄに入力される。   By operating the raw water supply means 2 so as to increase the proportion of effluent water from the ruptured membrane, the amount of effluent from the ruptured membrane module, that is, the amount of leakage is greater than the amount of effluent from the normal membrane module, It is possible to increase the detection sensitivity when detecting the broken film. The amount of leakage is measured by the permeated water measuring means 8. The output values of the permeated water measuring means 81, 82,..., 8n installed in each membrane module are input to the ruptured membrane specifying means 13D.

図３（ｄ）において、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、各透過水計測手段８１，８２，…，８ｎの出力値を直接あるいは相対比較し、最も流量値の高い透過水計測手段に対応する膜モジュールを破断したと特定する。この特定結果は、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂに出力され、図４（ｅ）において、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、流路設定手段１３Ｅに破断と特定された膜モジュールのモジュール開閉手段５の「閉」操作を指令する。   In FIG. 3 (d), the rupture membrane specifying means 13D directly or relative compares the output values of the permeated water measuring means 81, 82,..., 8n, and the membrane module corresponding to the permeated water measuring means having the highest flow rate value. Is identified as broken. This identification result is output to the operation mode setting means 13B. In FIG. 4E, the operation mode setting means 13B “closes” the module opening / closing means 5 of the membrane module identified as broken by the flow path setting means 13E. Command the operation.

破断膜モジュールが特定され、そのモジュール開閉手段を「閉」とすることで、原水供給手段２の流量を高めても、破断膜モジュールから透過水が流出せず、正常な膜モジュールからのみの透過水が合流したろ過水となる。   By identifying the rupture membrane module and closing the module opening / closing means, even if the flow rate of the raw water supply means 2 is increased, the permeate does not flow out from the rupture membrane module. It becomes the filtered water which water joined.

運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、通常運転モードの指令を出力し、破断膜モジュールを除いて、破断発生前の運転条件に復帰させる。すなわち、図３（ｇ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅはモジュール開閉手段群５を「開」、ろ過水開閉手段２５を「開」、返送水開閉手段２６を「閉」とする。図３（ｆ）において、透過水量調節手段１３Ｃは、流量計１１によって検出されたろ過合流水の流量が一定となるように、原水供給手段２を制御して、原水流量を調節し、ろ過流量を一定に制御する。運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、制御手段機能も有する。   The operation mode setting means 13B outputs a command for the normal operation mode, and returns to the operation condition before the occurrence of the break, except for the break membrane module. That is, in FIG. 3G, the channel setting means 13E sets the module opening / closing means group 5 to “open”, the filtered water opening / closing means 25 to “open”, and the return water opening / closing means 26 to “closed”. In FIG. 3 (f), the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C controls the raw water supply means 2 to adjust the raw water flow rate so that the flow rate of the filtered combined water detected by the flow meter 11 becomes constant, and the filtered flow rate. Is controlled to be constant. The operation mode setting means 13B also has a control means function.

ここで、図４及び図５を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の演算制御手段１３による破断膜モジュールを特定する場合の膜間差圧設定値ΔＰｍの設定方式について説明する。
図４は、数百本の中空糸のうち１本を破断させた膜モジュールと正常な膜モジュールの膜間差圧とろ過流束の関係の説明図である。図５は、図４をもとに破断膜の流束に対する破断膜と正常膜の流束差分，即ち、破断中空糸１本からの漏出する比率の説明図である。 Here, the setting method of the transmembrane pressure difference setting value ΔPm when the fractured membrane module is specified by the calculation control means 13 of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the transmembrane pressure difference and the filtration flux of a membrane module in which one of several hundred hollow fibers is broken and a normal membrane module. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the flux difference between the ruptured membrane and the normal membrane with respect to the flux of the ruptured membrane based on FIG. 4, that is, the ratio of leakage from one broken hollow fiber.

図４に示すように、膜間差圧が低くなると、ろ過流束，すなわち、ろ過流量も低下する。正常膜と比較すると、破断膜は同一差圧における流束が常に高くなっており、ある差圧ΔＰ２以下にすると、正常膜からのろ過水量が「０」となるのに対して、破断している場合は漏出によるろ過水量があることがわかる。なお、両者の偏差は、破断した中空糸１本から漏出した量を示す。   As shown in FIG. 4, when the transmembrane pressure difference decreases, the filtration flux, that is, the filtration flow rate also decreases. Compared with the normal membrane, the rupture membrane always has a high flux at the same differential pressure. When the pressure is less than a certain pressure difference ΔP2, the amount of filtered water from the normal membrane becomes “0” whereas the rupture membrane breaks. If there is, it can be seen that there is an amount of filtered water due to leakage. The deviation between the two indicates the amount of leakage from one broken hollow fiber.

図５は、図４をもとに破断膜の流束に対する破断膜と正常膜の流束差分、即ち、破断中空糸１本からの漏出する比率を求めた結果である。図５に示すように、漏出比率は膜間差圧を低下させると増加し、特に差圧ΔＰ１以下になると急激に増加し、差圧ΔＰ２では１００％破断中空糸からの漏出となる。これらの関係の絶対値は膜の種類や中空糸の本数などで変化するが、漏出特性の傾向はどのような膜にも共通して持っているものである。   FIG. 5 is a result of obtaining the difference in flux between the rupture membrane and the normal membrane with respect to the rupture membrane flux based on FIG. 4, that is, the ratio of leakage from one rupture hollow fiber. As shown in FIG. 5, the leakage ratio increases when the transmembrane pressure difference is lowered, and particularly increases when the pressure difference is equal to or less than ΔP1, and at the pressure difference ΔP2, leakage from the 100% broken hollow fiber occurs. Although the absolute values of these relationships vary depending on the type of membrane and the number of hollow fibers, the tendency of leakage characteristics is common to any membrane.

したがって、膜間差圧設定値ΔＰｍは、事前に正常膜で膜間差圧と流束の特性を求めて設定できる。本結果によれば、ΔＰ１以下にすれば漏出比率が高まり、さらに、ΔＰ２以下にすれば、破断した膜モジュールからのみ漏出するため、容易に破断した膜モジュールを特定できる。膜間差圧の調整は、可変速型ポンプあるいは定格型ポンプと可動弁を組合せた原水供給手段２による流量調節で容易に実現できる。
以上説明したように、本実施例によれば、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、さらに、破断膜からの漏出比率が高まるので、破断した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水、即ち、浄水を維持できる。 Therefore, the transmembrane differential pressure setting value ΔPm can be set by obtaining the transmembrane differential pressure and flux characteristics with a normal membrane in advance. According to this result, the leakage ratio increases when ΔP1 or less, and further, when ΔP2 or less, leakage occurs only from the broken membrane module, so that the broken membrane module can be easily identified. The adjustment of the transmembrane pressure difference can be easily realized by adjusting the flow rate by the raw water supply means 2 that combines a variable speed pump or a rated pump and a movable valve.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, the leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtrate, and the leakage ratio from the broken membrane is increased. By quickly identifying and resuming the operation of a normal membrane module that is not broken, the reduction in water purification capacity can be reduced as much as possible, and safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water can be maintained.

また、本実施例によれば、設備フロー等を変更する必要がなく、コストやメンテナンス負荷を低減できる。   Moreover, according to the present Example, it is not necessary to change an equipment flow etc., and cost and a maintenance load can be reduced.

なお、本実施例において、透過水計測手段８には濁度計も適用できるが、計測手段までの内容積に対応する時間遅れや、正常な中空糸膜からの透過水による希釈、原水の濁度変動の影響を受ける。漏水流量は、原水供給手段の運転に殆ど時間遅れなく連動して変化すため、即座に検出でき、また、原水の濁度に影響されないため、高精度に膜破断の有無を特定できる。   In this embodiment, a turbidimeter can also be applied to the permeated water measuring means 8, but a time delay corresponding to the internal volume up to the measuring means, dilution with permeated water from a normal hollow fiber membrane, turbidity of raw water Influenced by fluctuations in degrees. Since the leakage flow rate changes in conjunction with the operation of the raw water supply means with almost no time delay, it can be detected immediately, and since it is not affected by the turbidity of the raw water, the presence or absence of membrane breakage can be specified with high accuracy.

次に、図６〜図８を用いて、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の構成及び動作について説明する。
最初に、図６を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の全体構成について説明する。
図６は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図１と同一符号は、同一部分を示している。 Next, the configuration and operation of the second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
Initially, the whole structure of the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration apparatus by this embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 indicate the same parts.

本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、透過水を分岐する手段を設け、破断膜特定手段における透過水計測手段を分岐水に設置した点で、第１の実施例と異なる。なお、第１の実施例と相違する点を中心に説明し、相互に対応する箇所については適宜省略する。   The membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a means for branching the permeated water is provided, and a permeated water measuring means in the broken membrane specifying means is installed in the branch water. The description will focus on the differences from the first embodiment, and the portions corresponding to each other will be omitted as appropriate.

モジュール開閉手段群５と膜ろ過手段３の間には、各膜モジュール毎に透過水を分岐する分岐管６１〜６ｎが接続されている。各分岐管には分岐水開閉手段７１〜７ｎ（以下、分岐水手段群７）が設置されている。分岐水開閉手段群７もまた、演算制御手段１３の指令により「開」「閉」操作される。分岐水開閉手段群７の後方に透過水計測手段８が設置され、分岐水開閉手段群７が「開」操作時に分岐管を流れる物質を検出する。透過水計測手段８には、水位計や漏水検知器、流量計、濁度計を適用できるが、本実施例では、水位計を採用した例で説明している。演算制御手段１３の構成及び機能は、図２及び図３と同様である。   Between the module opening / closing means group 5 and the membrane filtration means 3, branch pipes 61 to 6n that branch the permeate for each membrane module are connected. Branch water opening / closing means 71 to 7n (hereinafter referred to as branch water means group 7) are installed in each branch pipe. The branch water opening / closing means group 7 is also “opened” and “closed” in response to a command from the arithmetic control means 13. Permeated water measuring means 8 is installed behind the branch water opening / closing means group 7, and the branch water opening / closing means group 7 detects a substance flowing through the branch pipe when the “open” operation is performed. Although a water level meter, a water leak detector, a flow meter, and a turbidity meter can be applied to the permeated water measuring means 8, in this embodiment, an example in which a water level meter is employed is described. The configuration and function of the arithmetic control means 13 are the same as those shown in FIGS.

次に、図７を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の演算制御手段１３による膜破断判定手順について説明する。
図７は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。 Next, the membrane breakage determination procedure by the calculation control means 13 of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a membrane breakage determination procedure by the arithmetic control means used in the second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

図７（ａ）に示すように、膜破断判定手段１３Ａ及び運転モード設定手段１３Ｂの機能は、図３（ａ）と同様である。   As shown in FIG. 7A, the functions of the film breakage determination unit 13A and the operation mode setting unit 13B are the same as those in FIG.

膜判断が発生し、破断膜特定モードに変更された場合、まず、図７（ｂ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、原水供給手段２の運転を一時停止させた後、図７（ｃ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、モジュール開閉手段群５を「閉」にして、一斉にろ過運転を停止すると共に、漏出濁質を含む透過水の合流ろ過水への混入を即座に防止する。   When the membrane judgment occurs and the mode is changed to the fractured membrane specifying mode, first, in FIG. 7 (b), the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C temporarily stops the operation of the raw water supply means 2, and then FIG. 7 (c). The flow path setting means 13E closes the module opening / closing means group 5 to stop the filtration operation all at once, and immediately prevents the permeated water containing leaked turbidity from being mixed into the combined filtrate.

次に、図７（ｄ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、分岐水開閉手段群７を「開」にして、各分岐管４１，４２，…，４ｎの上部の透過水を流出させた後、図７（ｅ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、膜ろ過手段３の一次側圧力計１５の出力値が予め定めた設定値Ｐｍとなるように、原水供給手段２を稼動させる。この圧力設定値Ｐｍの設定方式は、正常膜に比較して、破断膜からの流出水の割合を増加させる値とする。具体的には、図３（ｃ）で設定した膜間差圧ΔＰｍに、その膜間差圧時の一次側圧力計１５の出力値を加算した値を設定する。   Next, in FIG. 7D, the flow path setting means 13E opens the branch water opening / closing means group 7 and causes the permeated water above the branch pipes 41, 42,..., 4n to flow out. 7E, the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C operates the raw water supply means 2 so that the output value of the primary pressure gauge 15 of the membrane filtration means 3 becomes a predetermined set value Pm. The setting method of the pressure setting value Pm is a value that increases the ratio of the outflow water from the fractured membrane as compared to the normal membrane. Specifically, a value obtained by adding the output value of the primary pressure gauge 15 at the time of the transmembrane pressure difference to the transmembrane pressure difference ΔPm set in FIG.

このような一次側圧力で原水供給手段２を運転することで、破断した膜モジュールからの流出量、すなわち、漏出量が正常な膜モジュールより多くなり、検出感度を高めることができる。漏出量は透過水計測手段８で計測する。   By operating the raw water supply means 2 with such a primary side pressure, the outflow amount from the broken membrane module, that is, the leakage amount becomes larger than that of a normal membrane module, and the detection sensitivity can be increased. The amount of leakage is measured by the permeated water measuring means 8.

ここで、図８を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例において用いる透過水計測手段８の構成について説明する。
図８は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例において用いる透過水計測手段の構成を示すブロック図である。 Here, the configuration of the permeated water measuring means 8 used in the second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the permeated water measuring means used in the second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

受水器１８は、膜ろ過手段３の膜モジュール数と同数に仕切られている。各仕切容器の形状，寸法は同一にし、同一の高さに水位計Ａ１，Ａ２，…，Ａｎを設置する。この水位計は、水面位置を常時計測する方式でもよいが、本実施例では液体に接触した場合に信号を出力する方式とする。さらに、底部にドレン管Ｃ１，Ｃ２，…，Ｃｎと開閉手段Ｂ１，Ｂ２，…，Ｂｎを設ける。開閉手段Ｂ１，Ｂ２，…，Ｂｎは流路設定手段１３Ｅの指令で作動し、通常「開」にして仕切容器内を空にしておく。開閉手段Ｂ１，Ｂ２，…，Ｂｎは、流路設定手段１３Ｅにおいて、分岐水開閉手段群７を「開」にして、各分岐管６１，６２，…，６ｎの上部の透過水を流出させた後、原水供給手段２を稼動するタイミングで「閉」にする。受水器１８には、各膜モジュールの漏出量に対応して各仕切容器内の水位が上昇する。破断した膜モジュールからの漏出量は正常膜より多いため、水位計に到達する時間が早い。なお、各モジュールの透過水管４１，４２，…，４ｎから受水器１８までの分岐管６１，６２，…，６ｎの長さは同じにしておくのが良い。水位計Ａ１，Ａ２，…，Ａｎの出力値は破断膜特定手段１３Ｄに出力される。なお、分岐水開閉手段群７を「開」にして、分岐管４１，４２，…，４ｎとモジュール開閉手段群５間の透過水を排出させた後に透過水量を調整したが、別途バイパス管と開閉弁を設置して透過水を排出する操作としてもよいものである。   The water receiver 18 is divided into the same number as the number of membrane modules of the membrane filtration means 3. The shape and dimensions of each partition container are the same, and water level meters A1, A2,..., An are installed at the same height. This water level meter may be a system that constantly measures the water surface position, but in this embodiment, a system that outputs a signal when it contacts the liquid. Further, drain pipes C1, C2,..., Cn and opening / closing means B1, B2,. The opening / closing means B1, B2,..., Bn are actuated by a command from the flow path setting means 13E and are normally “open” to leave the partition container empty. The switching means B1, B2,..., Bn caused the permeated water above the branch pipes 61, 62,. Thereafter, the raw water supply means 2 is closed at the timing of operation. In the water receiver 18, the water level in each partition container rises corresponding to the leakage amount of each membrane module. Since the amount of leakage from the broken membrane module is greater than that of the normal membrane, the time to reach the water level gauge is early. The lengths of the branch pipes 61, 62, ..., 6n from the permeate pipes 41, 42, ..., 4n to the water receiver 18 of each module are preferably the same. The output values of the water level gauges A1, A2,..., An are output to the fracture film specifying means 13D. Although the branch water opening / closing means group 7 was set to “open” and the permeated water between the branch pipes 41, 42,..., 4n and the module opening / closing means group 5 was discharged, the permeated water amount was adjusted. It is good also as operation which installs an on-off valve and discharges permeate.

図７（ｆ）において、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、水位計Ａ１，Ａ２，…，Ａｎの出力信号に基づいて、最初に水位到達信号を出力した水位計に対応する膜モジュールが破断したと特定する。例えば、水位計Ａ１の水位到達時間が最も早い場合は、水位計Ａ１の分岐先である膜モジュール３１が破断したと特定する。この特定情報は、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂに出力される。   In FIG. 7 (f), the break membrane specifying means 13D specifies that the membrane module corresponding to the water level meter that first output the water level arrival signal is broken based on the output signals of the water level meters A1, A2,. To do. For example, when the water level arrival time of the water level indicator A1 is the earliest, it is specified that the membrane module 31 that is the branch destination of the water level indicator A1 is broken. This specific information is output to the operation mode setting means 13B.

破断膜が特定されると、図７（ｇ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、特定された膜モジュール３１以外のモジュール開閉手段５２，５２，…，５ｎを「開」にし、また、流路設定手段１３Ｅは分岐水開閉手段群７を「閉」、透過水計測手段８の開閉手段Ｂ１，Ｂ２，…，Ｂｎを「開」にする。   When the ruptured membrane is specified, in FIG. 7G, the channel setting means 13E sets the module opening / closing means 52, 52,..., 5n other than the specified membrane module 31 to “open”. The setting means 13E sets the branch water opening / closing means group 7 to “closed” and the opening / closing means B1, B2,..., Bn of the permeated water measuring means 8 to “open”.

最後に、図７（ｈ）において、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、正常膜による通常運転モードへの変更指令を出力する。透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、原水供給手段２を合流ろ過水量一定制御の通常方式で運転する。なお、ろ過流束一定制御や膜間差圧一定制御などの通常方式で運転してもよいものである。   Finally, in FIG. 7 (h), the operation mode setting means 13B outputs a change command to the normal operation mode by the normal membrane. The permeated water amount adjusting means 13C operates the raw water supply means 2 in a normal method with constant control of the combined filtrate water amount. In addition, you may operate | move by normal systems, such as filtration flux constant control and transmembrane differential pressure constant control.

以上説明したように、本実施例によれば、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、さらに、破断膜からの漏出比率が高まるので、破断した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水、即ち、浄水を維持できる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, the leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtrate, and the leakage ratio from the broken membrane is increased. By quickly identifying and resuming the operation of a normal membrane module that is not broken, the reduction in water purification capacity can be reduced as much as possible, and safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water can be maintained.

また、本実施例によれば、分岐管からの漏出流量は少量なため、簡易で、超小型の低廉な計測手段を適用できるで、設備コストや維持管理コストを低減できる。   In addition, according to the present embodiment, since the leakage flow rate from the branch pipe is small, a simple, ultra-compact and inexpensive measuring means can be applied, and the equipment cost and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

次に、図９及び図１０を用いて、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例の構成及び動作について説明する。
最初に、図９を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例の全体構成について説明する。
図９は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図１及び図６と同一符号は、同一部分を示している。 Next, the configuration and operation of the third example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
Initially, the whole structure of the 3rd Example of the membrane filtration apparatus by this embodiment is demonstrated using FIG.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a third example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 6 indicate the same parts.

本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、図６に示した実施例の破断膜特定モードにおける原水供給を、原水供給手段２と膜ろ過手段３間に設置した原水一時貯槽２１の貯留液で実施する点で、図６に示した実施例と異なる。なお、本実施例では、原水一時貯槽２１には原水を貯留する例を説明するが、ろ過水を利用してもよい。   The membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment performs raw water supply in the ruptured membrane specifying mode of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 with the stored liquid in the raw water temporary storage tank 21 installed between the raw water supply means 2 and the membrane filtration means 3. This is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. In this embodiment, an example in which raw water is stored in the raw water temporary storage tank 21 will be described, but filtered water may be used.

図９において、本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、原水供給手段２と膜ろ過手段３の間に、膜ろ過手段３に対して所定の水頭位置に原水を一時貯留できる貯留手段２１と、この貯留手段２１への貯留と排出を操作する開閉手段２２を設ける。開閉手段２２は、演算制御手段１３の出力指令で開閉操作される。   In FIG. 9, the membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment includes a storage unit 21 that can temporarily store raw water at a predetermined head position with respect to the membrane filtration unit 3 between the raw water supply unit 2 and the membrane filtration unit 3. Opening / closing means 22 for operating storage and discharge in the storage means 21 is provided. The opening / closing means 22 is opened / closed by an output command from the arithmetic control means 13.

この場合、原水の一時貯留槽２１は、図６の実施例における圧力設定値Ｐｍとなる水頭位置に配置する。この水頭位置、すなわち、原水一時貯留槽２１の設置位置は、膜ろ過手段３より１〜３ｍ高い位置とする。   In this case, the raw water temporary storage tank 21 is disposed at the head position where the pressure set value Pm in the embodiment of FIG. The head position, that is, the installation position of the raw water temporary storage tank 21 is set to a position 1 to 3 m higher than the membrane filtration means 3.

次に、図１０を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の演算制御手段１３による膜破断判定手順について説明する。
図１０は、本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。 Next, the membrane rupture determination procedure by the arithmetic control means 13 of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a membrane breakage determination procedure by the arithmetic control means used in the third example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

図１０（ａ）に示すように、膜破断判定手段１３Ａ及び運転モード設定手段１３Ｂの機能は、図３（ａ）と同様である。   As shown in FIG. 10A, the functions of the film breakage determination unit 13A and the operation mode setting unit 13B are the same as those in FIG.

膜判断が発生し、破断膜特定モードに変更された場合、まず、図１０（ｂ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、通常運転モードで「閉」となっている開閉手段２２を「開」にし、モジュール開閉手段群５を「閉」とし、漏出濁質が混入したろ過水の供給を停止すると共に、原水一時貯槽２１に原水を貯留する。貯槽２１に所定量の原水を貯留させた後、開閉手段２２を「閉」にする。   When a film judgment occurs and the mode is changed to the fractured film specifying mode, first, in FIG. 10B, the channel setting means 13E “opens” the opening / closing means 22 that is “closed” in the normal operation mode. Then, the module opening / closing means group 5 is set to “closed”, the supply of filtered water mixed with leaked turbidity is stopped, and the raw water is stored in the raw water temporary storage tank 21. After storing a predetermined amount of raw water in the storage tank 21, the opening / closing means 22 is closed.

図１０（ｃ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、原水供給手段２の運転を「停止」する。   In FIG. 10C, the permeated water amount adjusting means 13 </ b> C “stops” the operation of the raw water supply means 2.

その後、図１０（ｄ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、分岐水開閉手段群７を「開」にした後、開閉手段２２を「開」にし、貯槽２１に貯留した原水を膜ろ過手段３に通水する。   Thereafter, in FIG. 10 (d), the channel setting means 13 E opens the branch water opening / closing means group 7, then opens the opening / closing means 22 and opens the raw water stored in the storage tank 21 to the membrane filtration means 3. Water.

図１０（ｅ）において、透過水計測手段群８は、図７（ｆ）と同様の手順で操作され、水位計Ａ１，Ａ２，…Ａｎの出力値を破断膜特定手段１３Ｄに出力する。破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、図７（ｆ）と同様の手順で、最初に水位到達信号を出力した水位計に対応する膜モジュールが破断したと特定し、特定情報を運転モード設定手段１３Ｂに出力する。   10E, the permeated water measuring means group 8 is operated in the same procedure as in FIG. 7F, and outputs the output values of the water level gauges A1, A2,... An to the fractured membrane specifying means 13D. The rupture membrane specifying means 13D specifies that the membrane module corresponding to the water level gauge that first output the water level arrival signal is ruptured in the same procedure as in FIG. 7 (f), and outputs the specific information to the operation mode setting means 13B. To do.

破断膜が特定されると、図１０（ｇ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、特定された膜モジュール３１以外のモジュール開閉手段５２，５２，…，５ｎを「開」にし、また、流路設定手段１３Ｅは分岐水開閉手段群７を「閉」、透過水計測手段８の開閉手段Ｂ１，Ｂ２，…，Ｂｎを「開」にする。   When the ruptured membrane is specified, in FIG. 10G, the channel setting means 13E sets the module opening / closing means 52, 52,..., 5n other than the specified membrane module 31 to “open”. The setting means 13E sets the branch water opening / closing means group 7 to “closed” and the opening / closing means B1, B2,..., Bn of the permeated water measuring means 8 to “open”.

最後に、図１０（ｈ）において、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、正常膜による通常運転モードへの変更指令を出力する。透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、原水供給手段２を合流ろ過水量一定制御の通常方式で運転する。なお、ろ過流束一定制御や膜間差圧一定制御などの通常方式で運転してもよいものである。   Finally, in FIG. 10 (h), the operation mode setting means 13B outputs a change command to the normal operation mode by the normal membrane. The permeated water amount adjusting means 13C operates the raw water supply means 2 in a normal method with constant control of the combined filtrate water amount. In addition, you may operate | move by normal systems, such as filtration flux constant control and transmembrane differential pressure constant control.

以上説明したように、本実施例によれば、膜破断の発生と同時に漏出濁質の合流ろ過水への混入を防止し、さらに、破断膜からの漏出比率が高まるので、破断した膜モジュールを迅速に特定し、破断していない正常な膜モジュールの運転を早期に再開させることで、浄水能力の低下を極力低減し、安全で安心なろ過水、即ち、浄水を維持できる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, at the same time as the occurrence of membrane breakage, the leakage turbidity is prevented from being mixed into the combined filtrate, and the leakage ratio from the broken membrane is increased. By quickly identifying and resuming the operation of a normal membrane module that is not broken, the reduction in water purification capacity can be reduced as much as possible, and safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water can be maintained.

また、本実施例よれば、原水供給手段２は可変速型でなく、定量型を適用でき、また、圧力を指標とした原水供給手段２の制御設備等を不要とすることができる。   Further, according to the present embodiment, the raw water supply means 2 is not a variable speed type, but a quantitative type can be applied, and control equipment of the raw water supply means 2 using pressure as an index can be eliminated.

次に、図１１〜図１３を用いて、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の構成及び動作について説明する。
本実施形態の膜ろ過処理装置は、複数の膜モジュールからなる膜ろ過手段とそれらのモジュール開閉手段群、及び透過水計測手段で構成される膜ユニットを複数設置して、ろ過膜の破断を検出する点で、図１〜図１０に示す実施形態と異なる。なお、図１〜図１０に示す実施形態と相違する点を中心に説明し、相互に対応する箇所については適宜省略する。 Next, the configuration and operation of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
The membrane filtration processing apparatus of this embodiment is provided with a plurality of membrane units composed of a membrane filtration means composed of a plurality of membrane modules, a group of these module opening / closing means, and a permeated water measurement means, and detects the breakage of the filtration membrane. This is different from the embodiment shown in FIGS. In addition, it demonstrates centering on a different point from embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-10, and abbreviate | omitting suitably about the mutually corresponding location.

最初に、図１１を用いて、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の構成及び動作について説明する。
図１１は、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図１及び図６と同一符号は、同一部分を示している。 Initially, the structure and operation | movement of the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention are demonstrated using FIG.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the first example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 6 indicate the same parts.

図１１において、膜ろ過処理装置は、原水供給手段２を共通とする複数の膜ユニット１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍで構成され、それぞれのユニットのろ過水管９１，９２，…，９ｍが合流ろ過水管９に接続されている。濁質計測手段１２はこの合流ろ過水管９を対象に配置している。膜ユニット１０Ａの内部構成は、図６の実施例と同じ構成例で説明するが、図１の実施例のユニット構成としてもよい。他の膜ユニット１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍの内部構成も膜ユニット１０Ａと同様で、膜ろ過手段３とモジュール開閉手段群５、分岐水開閉手段群７、透過水計測手段８を有する。演算制御手段１３も、図１に示した実施例と同様な構成で、入出力機能や運転モード切替機能、膜破断の判定・特定機能などを有する。膜ユニット１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍに対する通常運転モード及び膜破断特定モードの操作指令も、膜ユニット１０Ａと同様に実施できる。   In FIG. 11, the membrane filtration apparatus is composed of a plurality of membrane units 10A, 10B,..., 10M sharing the raw water supply means 2, and the filtrate water pipes 91, 92,. 9 is connected. The turbidity measuring means 12 is arranged with this combined filtration water pipe 9 as a target. The internal configuration of the membrane unit 10A will be described using the same configuration example as that of the embodiment of FIG. 6, but may be the unit configuration of the embodiment of FIG. The other membrane units 10B,..., 10M have the same internal configuration as the membrane unit 10A, and include a membrane filtration means 3, a module opening / closing means group 5, a branch water opening / closing means group 7, and a permeated water measuring means 8. The arithmetic control means 13 has the same configuration as that of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and has an input / output function, an operation mode switching function, a film breakage determination / specification function, and the like. The operation commands in the normal operation mode and the membrane breakage specific mode for the membrane units 10B,.

濁質計測手段１２の検出値に基づいて、演算制御手段１３の膜破断判定手段１３Ａが膜ユニット１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍで膜破断が発生したと判定された場合、全ての膜ユニットに対して図７に示す破断膜特定モードを実行する。すなわち、全ての膜ユニット１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍにおけるモジュール開閉手段群５を「閉」とし、その後は図７に示した実施例と同様の手順で、破断した膜モジュールを特定する。特定結果に基づき、破断膜モジュールのみのモジュール開閉手段を「閉」のままとし、他の正常な膜モジュールのモジュール開閉手段を「開」操作して、膜ろ過処理装置を通常の運転モードに復帰させる。   Based on the detection value of the turbidity measuring means 12, when the film breakage determining means 13A of the arithmetic control means 13 determines that the film breakage has occurred in the film units 10A, 10B,. Then, the fractured film specifying mode shown in FIG. 7 is executed. That is, the module opening / closing means group 5 in all the membrane units 10A, 10B,..., 10M is set to “closed”, and then the broken membrane module is specified by the same procedure as in the embodiment shown in FIG. Based on the specified results, leave the module opening / closing means of the ruptured membrane module only as “closed” and “open” the module opening / closing means of other normal membrane modules to return the membrane filtration device to the normal operation mode. Let

以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、複数の系列を有する膜ろ過処理装置でも、ろ過水への濁質混入を最低限に抑制した状態で、全膜モジュールの破断有無を一斉に直接特定し、正常膜モジュールを迅速に通常運転に復帰できる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, even in a membrane filtration apparatus having a plurality of systems, the presence or absence of breakage of all the membrane modules can be directly and directly controlled in a state where turbid contamination into filtered water is minimized. The normal membrane module can be quickly identified and returned to normal operation.

次に、図１２及び図１３を用いて、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の構成及び動作について説明する。
図１２は、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図１１と同一符号は、同一部分を示している。 Next, the configuration and operation of the second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a second example of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In addition, the same code | symbol as FIG. 11 has shown the same part.

本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、複数の膜ユニット構成において、まずユニットを特定した後、モジュールを特定する点で、図１１に示した実施例と異なる。   The membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 in that a module is specified after first specifying a unit in a plurality of membrane unit configurations.

図１２において、本実施例の膜ろ過処理装置は、各膜ユニット１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍの原水供給側に原水の供給量を調節できる流量調整手段２０Ａ，２０Ｂ，…，２０Ｍ（総称して、流量調整手段群２０）を設置し、各ろ過水９１〜９ｍにろ過水計測手段８０Ａ，８０Ｂ，…，８０Ｍ（総称して、流量調整手段群８０）とろ過水開閉手段５０Ａ，５０Ｂ，…，５０Ｍ（総称して、流量調整手段群５０）とを設置し、濁質計測手段１２の後方の合流ろ過水管９に返送水管２７と開閉手段２５、２６を設置している。   In FIG. 12, the membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment includes flow rate adjusting means 20A, 20B,..., 20M that can adjust the supply amount of raw water to the raw water supply side of each membrane unit 10A, 10B,. , 80M (flow rate adjusting means group 80) and filtrate water opening / closing means 50A, 50B,..., 80M (collectively, flow rate adjusting means group 80) and filtrate water measuring means 80A, 80B,. , 50M (collectively, the flow rate adjusting means group 50), and the return water pipe 27 and the opening / closing means 25, 26 are installed in the confluence filtered water pipe 9 behind the turbidity measuring means 12.

次に、図１３を用いて、本実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の演算制御手段１３による膜破断判定手順について説明する。
図１３は、本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。 Next, the membrane breakage determination procedure by the calculation control means 13 of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 13: is a flowchart which shows the film | membrane fracture | rupture determination procedure by the calculation control means used for the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

演算制御手段１３は、図２及び図３に示した実施例と同様の構成と機能を有する。   The arithmetic control means 13 has the same configuration and function as the embodiment shown in FIGS.

図１３（ａ）において、演算制御手段１３の膜破断判定手段１３Ａが、濁質計測手段１２の検出値に基づいて、膜ユニット１０Ａ，１０Ｂ，…，１０Ｍで膜破断が発生したと判定すると、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、破断膜特定モード１を実行し、破断した膜モジュールを有する膜ユニットを特定する。破断膜特定モード１の手順は、図３に示した実施例の手順における膜モジュールを膜ユニットに置換えた方式である。   In FIG. 13 (a), when the membrane breakage determination means 13A of the arithmetic control means 13 determines that the film breakage has occurred in the membrane units 10A, 10B,..., 10M based on the detection value of the turbidity measurement means 12, The operation mode setting means 13B executes the ruptured membrane specifying mode 1 and specifies the membrane unit having the ruptured membrane module. The procedure of the break film specifying mode 1 is a system in which the membrane module in the procedure of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is replaced with a membrane unit.

まず、図１３（ｂ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、開閉手段２５、２６を操作して、合流ろ過水を返送水管２７に流出させる。   First, in FIG. 13 (b), the flow path setting means 13 E operates the opening / closing means 25 and 26 to cause the combined filtrate water to flow out to the return water pipe 27.

次に、図１３（ｃ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、原水供給手段２を膜間圧力設定値ΔＰｍ以下となるように調整し、破断した膜モジュールからの透過水量比率を増大させる。   Next, in FIG. 13C, the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C adjusts the raw water supply means 2 so as to be equal to or lower than the intermembrane pressure setting value ΔPm, and increases the permeated water amount ratio from the broken membrane module.

そして、図１３（ｄ）において、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、ろ過水計測手段群８０で各膜ユニットのろ過水量を計測し、他より水量の多い膜ユニット、例えば、膜ユニット１０Ａを破断した膜モジュールを有すると特定する。   In FIG. 13 (d), the rupture membrane specifying means 13D measures the amount of filtrate water of each membrane unit with the filtrate water measurement means group 80, and a membrane unit having a larger amount of water than the other, for example, a membrane obtained by rupturing the membrane unit 10A. Identified as having a module.

次に、図１３（ｅ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、この特定情報により、膜ユニット１０Ａの原水供給流量調節手段２０Ａを「閉」とし、図１３（ｆ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、ろ過水開閉手段５０Ａ及びあるいはモジュール開閉手段群５を「閉」とする。他のユニットは正常な膜モジュールと判断し、図１３（ｇ），（ｈ）において、原水供給手段２と開閉手段２５、２６を通常モード運転に復帰させる。   Next, in FIG. 13 (e), the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C sets the raw water supply flow rate adjusting means 20A of the membrane unit 10A to “closed” based on this specific information, and in FIG. 13 (f), the flow path setting means 13E. The filtered water opening / closing means 50A and / or the module opening / closing means group 5 are closed. The other units are determined to be normal membrane modules, and the raw water supply means 2 and the opening / closing means 25, 26 are returned to the normal mode operation in FIGS. 13 (g) and 13 (h).

次に、破断膜特定モード２を実行し、破断した膜モジュールを特定する。ここでの特定手順は、図７に示した実施例と同様であるが、圧力設定値Ｐｍの調整はユニット供給流量調整手段２０Ａで実施する。   Next, the broken membrane specifying mode 2 is executed to specify the broken membrane module. The specific procedure here is the same as that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, but the pressure set value Pm is adjusted by the unit supply flow rate adjusting means 20A.

図１３（ｉ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、分岐水開閉手段群７を「開」にし、図１３（ｊ）において、透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、膜ろ過手段３の一次側圧力計１５の出力値が予め定めた設定値Ｐｍとなるように、原水供給手段２０Ａを稼動させる。供給流量調整手段２０Ａは開度を調整できる流量弁である。この圧力設定値Ｐｍの設定方式は、正常膜に比較して、破断膜からの流出水の割合を増加させる値とする。   13 (i), the flow path setting means 13E opens the branch water opening / closing means group 7, and in FIG. 13 (j), the permeated water amount adjusting means 13C is the primary pressure gauge 15 of the membrane filtration means 3. The raw water supply means 20A is operated so that the output value becomes a preset value Pm. The supply flow rate adjusting means 20A is a flow rate valve that can adjust the opening degree. The setting method of the pressure setting value Pm is a value that increases the ratio of the outflow water from the fractured membrane as compared to the normal membrane.

図１３（ｋ）において、破断膜特定手段１３Ｄは、透過水計測手段８の出力信号に基づいて、相対出力の大きい膜モジュールが破断したと特定する。この特定情報は、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂに出力される。   In FIG. 13 (k), the broken membrane specifying means 13D specifies that the membrane module having a large relative output is broken based on the output signal of the permeated water measuring means 8. This specific information is output to the operation mode setting means 13B.

破断膜が特定されると、図１３（ｌ）において、流路設定手段１３Ｅは、破断と特定された膜モジュール以外のモジュール開閉手段を「閉」のままにし、それ以外の正常な膜モジュールのモジュール開閉手段を「開」にする。   When the ruptured membrane is specified, in FIG. 13 (l), the channel setting means 13E keeps the module opening / closing means other than the membrane module specified as rupture “closed”, and other normal membrane modules. Set the module open / close means to “open”.

最後に、図１３（ｍ）において、運転モード設定手段１３Ｂは、正常膜による通常運転モードへの変更指令を出力する。透過水量調整手段１３Ｃは、ユニット供給流量調整手段２０Ａを他の調整手段２０Ｂ〜２０Ｍと同様の開度にし、破断前の通常運転モードに膜ろ過処理装置を復帰させる。   Finally, in FIG. 13 (m), the operation mode setting means 13B outputs a change command to the normal operation mode by the normal membrane. The permeated water amount adjusting means 13C sets the unit supply flow rate adjusting means 20A to the same opening as the other adjusting means 20B to 20M, and returns the membrane filtration apparatus to the normal operation mode before the break.

以上説明したように、本実施例によれば、破断した膜モジュールを有する膜ユニットのみのろ過運転を停止し、破断膜モジュールを別途特定することで、正常な膜ユニットでのろ過運転を迅速に再開しできるので、浄水供給への影響を最低限に抑制できる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, the filtration operation of only the membrane unit having the broken membrane module is stopped, and the filtration operation with the normal membrane unit is quickly performed by separately specifying the broken membrane module. Since it can be resumed, the impact on the purified water supply can be minimized.

次に、図１４を用いて、本発明の第３の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の構成及び動作について説明する。
図１４は、本発明の第３の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図１及び図６と同一符号は、同一部分を示している。 Next, the configuration and operation of the membrane filtration apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a membrane filtration apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 6 indicate the same parts.

本実施形態の膜ろ過処理装置は、膜ろ過手段の破断を検出するに際し、合流ろ過水の一部を連続的に濃縮して濁質計測手段で計測した計測値を適用する点で、図１に示した実施形態と異なる。なお、図１に示した実施形態と相違する点を中心に説明し、相互に対応する箇所については適宜省略する。   The membrane filtration processing apparatus of the present embodiment applies the measurement value measured by the turbidity measurement means after continuously concentrating a part of the combined filtrate water when detecting the breakage of the membrane filtration means. Different from the embodiment shown in FIG. In addition, it demonstrates centering on the point which is different from embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and it abbreviate | omits suitably the location corresponding to each other.

本実施形態の膜ろ過処理装置において、膜ユニットは、図６に示した実施例と同じ構成としている。   In the membrane filtration apparatus of the present embodiment, the membrane unit has the same configuration as that of the example shown in FIG.

図１４において、連続濃縮手段１００は、合流ろ過水を対象に設置し、そのろ過水導管１０３は合流ろ過水管９に接続している。   In FIG. 14, the continuous concentrating means 100 is installed for the combined filtrate water, and the filtrate pipe 103 is connected to the combined filtrate pipe 9.

本実施例の連続濃縮処理について説明する。連続濃縮手段１００は、浸漬膜濃縮槽１０１と、空気供給手段１０４と、ろ過水吸引手段１０５と、越流濃縮水脱泡手段１０８と、を主な構成要素としている。浸漬膜濃縮槽１０１にはろ過水吸引手段１０５に接続された浸漬膜１０２を配設し、吸引ろ過処理している。ろ過水導管１０３から浸漬膜濃縮槽１０１に流入した合流ろ過水の濁質は、この吸引ろ過処理により、浸漬膜１０２の外側膜面で分離される。浸漬膜１０２の外側膜面は、常時、散気管１０９からの空気曝気で洗浄されている。このため、浸漬膜１０２の外側液は外側膜面で分離された濁質が残留浮遊し、濃縮液となる。流入ろ過水量＞吸引ろ過水量とすることで、浸漬膜濃縮槽１０１から常時、濃縮水１０７が流出する。濁質計測手段１２には、この濃縮水１０７を導いて濁度を計測する。計測に際しては、予め、脱泡手段１０８を通し、曝気処理で残留した濃縮水１０７中の気泡を除去すれば、正確な濁度値が得られる。ここで、浸漬膜１０２は、膜ろ過手段３で使用している膜モジュールと同孔径のものとする。これにより、膜ろ過手段３で膜破断が発生した場合のみ、濃縮水１０７の濁質濃度が増加し、濁質計測手段１２で容易に計測できる。なお、膜ろ過手段３が膜破断していない場合でも、浸漬膜１０２は微細な漏出物の蓄積で目詰りしてくる危険性があるので、ろ過水吸引手段１０５を一旦停止させ、切替手段１１０を操作して内側から空気逆洗を定期的に実施する。これらの操作は演算制御手段１３の出力指令で行う。   The continuous concentration process of a present Example is demonstrated. The continuous concentration means 100 is mainly composed of a submerged membrane concentration tank 101, an air supply means 104, a filtered water suction means 105, and an overflow concentrated water defoaming means 108. The immersion membrane concentration tank 101 is provided with an immersion membrane 102 connected to the filtered water suction means 105 to perform suction filtration processing. The turbidity of the combined filtrate flowing into the immersion membrane concentrating tank 101 from the filtrate conduit 103 is separated on the outer membrane surface of the immersion membrane 102 by this suction filtration process. The outer membrane surface of the immersion membrane 102 is always cleaned with air aeration from the air diffuser 109. For this reason, in the outer liquid of the immersion film 102, the turbidity separated on the outer film surface is left floating and becomes a concentrated liquid. By setting the inflow filtrate amount> the suction filtrate amount, the concentrated water 107 always flows out from the submerged membrane concentration tank 101. The concentrated water 107 is guided to the turbidity measuring means 12 to measure turbidity. In the measurement, an accurate turbidity value can be obtained by previously removing the bubbles in the concentrated water 107 remaining in the aeration process through the defoaming means 108. Here, the immersion membrane 102 has the same pore diameter as the membrane module used in the membrane filtration means 3. Thereby, only when the membrane breakage occurs in the membrane filtration means 3, the turbidity concentration of the concentrated water 107 increases and can be easily measured by the turbidity measurement means 12. Even if the membrane filtration means 3 is not broken, the submerged membrane 102 has a risk of clogging due to the accumulation of minute leakages. Therefore, the filtered water suction means 105 is temporarily stopped and the switching means 110 is stopped. Regularly backwash air from the inside by operating. These operations are performed by the output command of the arithmetic control means 13.

膜モジュール破断時の合流ろ過水の濁質状態は、原水の濁度と膜ろ過手段の中空糸数で変化する。そこで、原水の濁度を計測する濁度計２９を膜ろ過手段３の上流に設置し、その計測値ｔｕを演算制御手段１３に出力する。演算制御手段１３には、予め入力されている膜ろ過手段の膜モジュール総本数Ｎと、図５の関係、即ち、ろ過圧力あるいは流束に対する膜モジュール１本当りの漏出比率ｋと、膜破断と判定する合流ろ過水の濁度設定値Ｔｕと、を用いて、浸漬膜濃縮槽１０１の濃縮倍率Ｍを式（１）で演算する。

Ｍ＝Ｔｕ／（ｔｕ・ｋ／（１００＊Ｎ） …（１）

演算制御手段１３は、演算された濃縮倍率Ｍに基づいてろ過水吸引手段１０５を操作する。なお、Ｍ≦１の場合は、ろ過水吸引手段１０５を停止する。 The turbid state of the combined filtered water when the membrane module is broken varies depending on the turbidity of the raw water and the number of hollow fibers in the membrane filtration means. Therefore, a turbidimeter 29 for measuring the turbidity of the raw water is installed upstream of the membrane filtration means 3, and the measured value tu is output to the calculation control means 13. The calculation control means 13 includes a membrane filter means N inputted in advance, the relationship shown in FIG. 5, that is, a leakage ratio k per membrane module with respect to filtration pressure or flux, membrane breakage, Using the turbidity set value Tu of the combined filtrate to be determined, the concentration factor M of the submerged membrane concentration tank 101 is calculated by Equation (1).

M = Tu / (tu · k / (100 * N) (1)

The calculation control means 13 operates the filtered water suction means 105 based on the calculated concentration factor M. If M ≦ 1, the filtered water suction means 105 is stopped.

濁質計測手段１２は、このような濃縮水を対象に濁度計測する。この検出方式以外、膜破断判定と、判定により破断膜特定モードが選択された場合の特定手順、特定後の通常運転モードへの復帰手順は、図６に示した実施例と同様である。   The turbidity measuring means 12 measures turbidity for such concentrated water. Other than this detection method, the membrane rupture determination, the specification procedure when the ruptured membrane specification mode is selected by the determination, and the return procedure to the normal operation mode after specification are the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG.

なお、本実施形態に用いている合流ろ過水の一部を連続的に濃縮して濁質を計測する濁質計測手段は、図１，図６，図９，図１２に示した各実施形態にも適用できるものである。   The turbidity measuring means for continuously measuring a turbidity by concentrating a part of the combined filtrate used in this embodiment is shown in each of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 6, FIG. 9, and FIG. It can also be applied to.

本実施例によれば、膜破断時に漏出する濁質を確実に濃縮水に浮遊させることができるため、濁質計測手段での感度が向上し、精度よい膜破断検知を実現できる。   According to the present embodiment, the turbidity that leaks at the time of membrane breakage can be reliably suspended in the concentrated water, so that the sensitivity of the turbidity measuring means is improved, and accurate membrane breakage detection can be realized.

以上、本発明の各実施形態によれば、ろ過水への濁質混入を最低限に抑制した状態で、全膜モジュールの破断有無を一斉に特定し、正常な膜モジュールを迅速に通常運転に復帰でき、さらに、膜破断時の漏出濁質を濃縮することで膜破断を高精度で検知できる。その結果、浄水能力の低下防止により造水コストを低減し、かつ、安全で安心なろ過水、即ち、浄水を維持できる。なお、圧力設定値Ｐｍ、及び膜間差圧設定値ΔＰｍは、特に規定するものでないが、正常膜で透過水が流出しない圧力Ｐ２付近とするのが望ましい。また、上記実施例のフロー構成は、全量ろ過方式で説明したが、クロスフロー（原水循環）方式にも適用できる。さらに、本実施例は中空糸膜モジュールで説明したが、膜種類、モジュール形式を特定するものでない。
As described above, according to each embodiment of the present invention, the presence or absence of rupture of all the membrane modules is specified all at once in a state in which turbid contamination into filtered water is minimized, and normal membrane modules can be quickly and normally operated. Furthermore, the membrane rupture can be detected with high accuracy by concentrating the leaked turbidity at the time of the membrane rupture. As a result, water purification costs can be reduced by preventing the water purification capacity from being lowered, and safe and safe filtered water, that is, purified water can be maintained. Note that the pressure set value Pm and the transmembrane pressure difference set value ΔPm are not particularly defined, but it is desirable that the pressure set value Pm and the pressure P2 near the normal membrane do not flow out. Moreover, although the flow structure of the said Example was demonstrated with the whole quantity filtration system, it is applicable also to a cross flow (raw water circulation) system. Furthermore, although the present Example was demonstrated with the hollow fiber membrane module, it does not specify a membrane type and a module format.

本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例に用いる演算制御手段の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the calculation control means used for the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the membrane fracture | rupture determination procedure by the calculation control means used for the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 図４は、数百本の中空糸のうち１本を破断させた膜モジュールと正常な膜モジュールの膜間差圧とろ過流束の関係の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the relationship between the transmembrane pressure difference and the filtration flux of a membrane module in which one of several hundred hollow fibers is broken and a normal membrane module. 図５は、破断膜の流束に対する破断膜と正常膜の流束差分の説明図である。FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the difference in flux between the rupture film and the normal film with respect to the rupture film flux. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the membrane fracture | rupture determination procedure by the calculation control means used for the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例において用いる透過水計測手段の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the permeated water measurement means used in the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the 3rd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第１の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第３の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the membrane fracture | rupture determination procedure by the calculation control means used for the 3rd Example of the membrane filtration apparatus by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第１の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the 1st Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の第２の実施例に用いる演算制御手段による膜破断判定手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the film | membrane fracture | rupture determination procedure by the calculation control means used for the 2nd Example of the membrane filtration apparatus by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第３の実施形態による膜ろ過処理装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the membrane filtration processing apparatus by the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…原水供給管
２…原水供給手段
３…膜ろ過手段
４…透過水管
５…モジュール開閉手段
６…分岐管
７…透過水開閉手段
８…透過水計測手段
９…合流ろ過水管
１０…膜ユニット
１２…濁質検出手段
１３…演算制御手段
１３Ａ…膜破断判定手段
１３Ｂ…運転モード設定手段
１３Ｃ…透過水量調整手段
１３Ｄ…破断膜特定手段
１３Ｅ…流路設定手段
１５，１６…圧力計測手段
２１…原水一時貯槽
１００…連続濃縮手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Raw water supply pipe 2 ... Raw water supply means 3 ... Membrane filtration means 4 ... Permeate water pipe 5 ... Module opening / closing means 6 ... Branch pipe 7 ... Permeate water opening / closing means 8 ... Permeate water measuring means 9 ... Confluence filtration water pipe 10 ... Membrane unit 12 ... turbidity detection means 13 ... calculation control means 13A ... membrane breakage determination means 13B ... operation mode setting means 13C ... permeated water amount adjustment means 13D ... breakage membrane specifying means 13E ... flow path setting means 15 and 16 ... pressure measurement means 21 ... raw water Temporary storage tank 100 ... Continuous concentration means

Claims (9)

原水供給手段から供給された原水に含まれる濁質を、複数の膜モジュールを並列に配置した膜ろ過手段で分離し、前記膜モジュールの透過水を合流させてろ過水を得る浄水の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記合流ろ過水の濁質状態を計測する濁質計測手段と、
前記濁質検出手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段での膜破断発生有無を判定する膜破断判定手段と、
前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、前記膜ろ過手段の全ての膜モジュールを同一操作し、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように調整する漏出水量調整手段と、
前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段と、
前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜特定手段と、
前記破断膜特定手段で特定された破断膜モジュールのろ過運転を停止し、他の正常な膜モジュールを膜破断発生前の運転条件に復帰させる運転モード設定手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 Membrane filtration processing of purified water to separate turbidity contained in raw water supplied from raw water supply means by membrane filtration means in which a plurality of membrane modules are arranged in parallel, and to obtain filtrate by combining the permeated water of the membrane modules In the device
Turbidity measuring means for measuring the turbidity state of the combined filtrate water,
Membrane breakage determination means for determining the presence or absence of membrane breakage in the membrane filtration means based on the measurement value of the turbidity detection means,
When it is determined by the membrane rupture determining means that the membrane rupture has occurred, all the membrane modules of the membrane filtration means are operated in the same manner, and the amount of leaked water is adjusted so as to increase the ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module Adjusting means;
Permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the membrane module changed by adjustment of the leakage water amount adjusting means,
A ruptured membrane specifying means for specifying a membrane module ruptured by the membrane filtration means based on the measurement value of the permeated water measuring means;
An operation mode setting means for stopping the filtration operation of the ruptured membrane module specified by the ruptured membrane specifying means and returning other normal membrane modules to the operating conditions before the occurrence of the membrane rupture;
A membrane filtration apparatus characterized by comprising: 請求項１記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記合流ろ過水を前記原水供給手段あるいは前記膜ろ過手段の前方に還流させ、前記膜ろ過手段の原水側とろ過水側の膜間差圧を予め設定した特定圧力以下となるように、前記原水供給手段を調節し、
前記透過水計測手段は、前記膜モジュールの透過水を対象に設置されることを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 In the membrane filtration processing apparatus according to claim 1,
The leakage water amount adjusting means recirculates the combined filtrate water in front of the raw water supply means or the membrane filtration means, and a transmembrane differential pressure between the raw water side and the filtrate water side of the membrane filtration means is equal to or less than a predetermined specific pressure. Adjusting the raw water supply means so that
The permeated water measuring means is installed for the permeated water of the membrane module. 請求項１記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
さらに、
前記膜ろ過手段の膜モジュール毎に透過水の分岐水を得る手段と、
前記透過水と分岐水の排出を選択できる排出選択手段と、
を備え、
前記透過水計測手段は、前記分岐水を対象に設置され、
前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記原水供給手段を一時停止するとともに、前記排出選択手段を分岐水を排出するように操作した後、前記膜ろ過手段の原水側の圧力を予め設定した特定圧力以下となるように前記原水供給手段の運転を再開させることを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 In the membrane filtration processing apparatus according to claim 1,
further,
Means for obtaining branch water of permeate for each membrane module of the membrane filtration means;
Discharge selection means capable of selecting discharge of the permeated water and branch water;
With
The permeated water measuring means is installed for the branched water,
The leakage water amount adjusting means temporarily stops the raw water supply means and operates the discharge selection means to discharge branch water, and then sets the pressure on the raw water side of the membrane filtration means to a predetermined pressure or less. The membrane filtration processing apparatus is characterized in that the operation of the raw water supply means is resumed. 請求項３記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記原水供給手段と膜ろ過手段の間に、膜ろ過手段に対して所定の水頭位置に原水を一時貯留できる原水貯留手段を有し、
前記漏出水量調整手段は、前記原水貯留手段に原水を所定量貯留した後に停止させ、前記原水貯留手段に貯留した原水を前記膜ろ過手段に供給することを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 In the membrane filtration processing apparatus according to claim 3,
Between the raw water supply means and the membrane filtration means, there is a raw water storage means that can temporarily store the raw water at a predetermined head position with respect to the membrane filtration means,
The leakage water amount adjusting means stops after a predetermined amount of raw water is stored in the raw water storage means, and supplies the raw water stored in the raw water storage means to the membrane filtration means. 請求項１記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記合流ろ過水の一部を連続で取水し、外圧型浸漬膜と該浸漬膜の膜面を常時洗浄する機構を内蔵する膜分離器と、
前記浸漬膜の透過水を吸引する吸引機構と、
を有し、取水ろ過水の濁質を濃縮する濃縮手段を備え、
前記合流ろ過水の濁質計測手段は、前記濃縮手段にて濃縮された濃縮水の濁質状態を計測することを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 In the membrane filtration processing apparatus according to claim 1,
A membrane separator that incorporates a mechanism that continuously takes a part of the combined filtrate water, and constantly cleans the outer pressure type immersion membrane and the membrane surface of the immersion membrane;
A suction mechanism for sucking the permeated water of the immersion membrane;
Having a concentration means for concentrating the suspended matter in the filtered water of the intake water,
The turbidity measuring means for the combined filtrate water measures the turbid state of the concentrated water concentrated by the concentration means. 原水供給手段から供給された原水に含まれる濁質を、複数の膜モジュールを並列に配置した膜ろ過ユニットを複数組合せた膜ろ過手段で分離し、前記膜モジュールの透過水を前記膜ろ過ユニット毎に集水した後、集水透過水を合流させてろ過水を得る浄水の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記合流ろ過水の濁質状態を計測する濁質計測手段と、
前記濁質検出手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段での膜破断発生有無を判定する膜破断判定手段と、
前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、前記膜ろ過手段の全ての膜モジュールを同一操作し、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように調整する漏出水量調整手段と、
前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段と、
前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜特定手段と、
前記破断膜特定手段で特定された破断膜モジュールのろ過運転を停止し、他の正常な膜モジュールを膜破断発生前の運転条件に復帰させる運転モード設定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 The turbidity contained in the raw water supplied from the raw water supply means is separated by a membrane filtration means combining a plurality of membrane filtration units in which a plurality of membrane modules are arranged in parallel, and the permeated water of the membrane module is separated for each membrane filtration unit. In the membrane filtration treatment device of purified water to collect filtrate permeated water to collect filtrate water,
Turbidity measuring means for measuring the turbidity state of the combined filtrate water,
Membrane breakage determination means for determining the presence or absence of membrane breakage in the membrane filtration means based on the measurement value of the turbidity detection means,
When it is determined by the membrane rupture determining means that the membrane rupture has occurred, all the membrane modules of the membrane filtration means are operated in the same manner, and the amount of leaked water is adjusted so as to increase the ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module Adjustment means;
Permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the membrane module changed by adjustment of the leakage water amount adjusting means,
A ruptured membrane specifying means for specifying a membrane module ruptured by the membrane filtration means based on the measurement value of the permeated water measuring means;
An operation mode setting means for stopping the filtration operation of the ruptured membrane module specified by the ruptured membrane specifying means and returning other normal membrane modules to the operating conditions before the occurrence of the membrane rupture;
A membrane filtration apparatus characterized by comprising: 請求項６記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、さらに、
前記膜破断判定手段で膜破断発生と判定された場合に、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させて、破断した膜モジュールの存在する膜ユニットを特定する破断膜ユニット特定手段と、
前記破断膜ユニット特定手段で特定された膜ユニットの破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させて、破断した膜モジュールを特定する破断膜モジュール特定手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 The membrane filtration apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
A rupture membrane unit specifying means for increasing the ratio of the amount of water leaked from the rupture portion and the rupture membrane module when the membrane rupture determination means determines that a membrane rupture has occurred, ,
A rupture membrane module specifying means for specifying a ruptured membrane module by increasing a ratio of water leaked from the rupture portion of the membrane unit specified by the rupture membrane unit specifying means and the rupture membrane module;
A membrane filtration apparatus characterized by comprising: 請求項７記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記破断膜ユニット特定手段は、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように、膜ユニット間で調整できる漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜ユニットの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段とを有し、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ろ過手段で破断した膜ユニットを特定し、
前記破断膜モジュール特定手段は、破断部および破断膜モジュールから漏出する水量比率を増加させるように、膜モジュール間で調整できる漏出水量調整手段と、前記漏出水量調整手段の調節で変化した前記膜モジュールの透過水状態を計測する透過水計測手段とを有し、前記透過水計測手段の計測値に基づいて前記膜ユニットで破断した膜モジュールを特定する、
ことを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 The membrane filtration apparatus according to claim 7,
The breakable membrane unit specifying means includes: a leaked water amount adjusting means that can be adjusted between the membrane units so as to increase a ratio of the amount of water leaked from the breakage part and the breakable membrane module; and the membrane unit that is changed by adjusting the leaked water amount adjusting means A permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state of the permeated water measuring means, based on the measurement value of the permeated water measuring means to identify the membrane unit broken by the membrane filtration means
The breakable membrane module specifying means includes: a leaked water amount adjusting means that can be adjusted between the membrane modules so as to increase a ratio of the amount of water leaked from the broken portion and the breakable membrane module; and the membrane module that has been changed by adjustment of the leaked water amount adjusting means Having a permeated water measuring means for measuring the permeated water state, and specifying a membrane module broken at the membrane unit based on the measurement value of the permeated water measuring means,
A membrane filtration apparatus characterized by that. 請求項６記載の膜ろ過処理装置において、
前記合流ろ過水の一部を連続で取水し、外圧型浸漬膜と該浸漬膜の膜面を常時洗浄する機構を内蔵する膜分離器と、
前記浸漬膜の透過水を吸引する吸引機構と、
を有し、取水ろ過水の濁質を濃縮する濃縮手段を備え、
前記合流ろ過水の濁質計測手段は、前記濃縮手段にて濃縮された濃縮水の濁質状態を計測することを特徴とする膜ろ過処理装置。 The membrane filtration apparatus according to claim 6, wherein
A membrane separator that incorporates a mechanism that continuously takes a part of the combined filtrate water, and constantly cleans the outer pressure type immersion membrane and the membrane surface of the immersion membrane;
A suction mechanism for sucking the permeated water of the immersion membrane;
Having a concentration means for concentrating the suspended matter in the filtered water of the intake water,
The turbidity measuring means for the combined filtrate water measures the turbid state of the concentrated water concentrated by the concentration means.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009072756A (en) * 2007-08-27 2009-04-09 Hitachi Ltd Membrane filtration apparatus and membrane damage sensing method for it
JP2009233650A (en) * 2008-10-27 2009-10-15 Hitachi Ltd Operation control method of membrane filtration apparatus
KR101006901B1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-01-13 고려대학교 산학협력단 Membrane Fouling Pollution Index Measurement Apparatus
KR101181549B1 (en) 2010-02-01 2012-09-10 고려대학교 산학협력단 Predicting apparatus for filtration membrane fouling index
JP2021522794A (en) * 2018-05-04 2021-09-02 ジェンザイム・コーポレーション Perfusion bioreactor with filtration system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009072756A (en) * 2007-08-27 2009-04-09 Hitachi Ltd Membrane filtration apparatus and membrane damage sensing method for it
JP2009233650A (en) * 2008-10-27 2009-10-15 Hitachi Ltd Operation control method of membrane filtration apparatus
KR101006901B1 (en) * 2008-11-21 2011-01-13 고려대학교 산학협력단 Membrane Fouling Pollution Index Measurement Apparatus
KR101181549B1 (en) 2010-02-01 2012-09-10 고려대학교 산학협력단 Predicting apparatus for filtration membrane fouling index
JP2021522794A (en) * 2018-05-04 2021-09-02 ジェンザイム・コーポレーション Perfusion bioreactor with filtration system
JP7328256B2 (en) 2018-05-04 2023-08-16 ジェンザイム・コーポレーション Perfusion bioreactor with filtration system

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