JP2007069270A - Inorganic nanoparticle with high dispersibility - Google Patents
Inorganic nanoparticle with high dispersibility Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007069270A JP2007069270A JP2005255383A JP2005255383A JP2007069270A JP 2007069270 A JP2007069270 A JP 2007069270A JP 2005255383 A JP2005255383 A JP 2005255383A JP 2005255383 A JP2005255383 A JP 2005255383A JP 2007069270 A JP2007069270 A JP 2007069270A
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- Prior art keywords
- organic
- coated
- coated inorganic
- nanoparticles
- liquid medium
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- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 262
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- -1 Fe 2 O 3 Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000805 composite resin Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004864 1,2-dithiolanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PCGDBWLKAYKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dithiole Chemical class C1SSC=C1 PCGDBWLKAYKBTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 28
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- HHPCNRKYVYWYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HHPCNRKYVYWYAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UJZKORODGZBZRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)NC(CCCCC1SSCC1)=O Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)NC(CCCCC1SSCC1)=O UJZKORODGZBZRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCS QJAOYSPHSNGHNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 4
- ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ISAOCJYIOMOJEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC QBVXKDJEZKEASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- UIELBEHBZKVMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylideneamino]phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C=NC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1 UIELBEHBZKVMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTGNEWXDCBSLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC KJTGNEWXDCBSLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004985 Discotic Liquid Crystal Substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007614 solvation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004685 tetrahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropionic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 XMIIGOLPHOKFCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSQPODPWWMOTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-octylphenyl)benzonitrile Chemical group C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 CSQPODPWWMOTIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDISTOCQRJJICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-pentoxyphenyl)benzonitrile Chemical group C1=CC(OCCCCC)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 RDISTOCQRJJICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003771 Gold(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oelsaeurecholesterylester Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC)C2 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 244000028419 Styrax benzoin Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000000126 Styrax benzoin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000008411 Sumatra benzointree Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CCORPVHYPHHRKB-NXUCFJMCSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] propanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CC)C1 CCORPVHYPHHRKB-NXUCFJMCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEYCQJVCAMFWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] formate Chemical compound C1C=C2CC(OC=O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCCC(C)C)C1(C)CC2 YEYCQJVCAMFWCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002130 benzoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cholesterol n-octadecanoate Natural products C12CCC3(C)C(C(C)CCCC(C)C)CCC3C2CC=C2C1(C)CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C2 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCLNGBQPTVENHV-MKQVXYPISA-N cholesteryl nonanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCC)C1 WCLNGBQPTVENHV-MKQVXYPISA-N 0.000 description 2
- RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N cholesteryl oleate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)C1 RJECHNNFRHZQKU-RMUVNZEASA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N cholesteryl stearate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 XHRPOTDGOASDJS-XNTGVSEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002343 gold Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019382 gum benzoic Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003566 oxetanyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidanium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound O.CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 KJIFKLIQANRMOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002371 ultraviolet--visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UNMJLQGKEDTEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methanol Chemical compound CCC1(CO)COC1 UNMJLQGKEDTEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDRGNJZPWVRVSN-DPAQBDIFSA-N (3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-3-bromo-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](Br)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 WDRGNJZPWVRVSN-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWRXFZDFCLDVQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-butoxyphenyl)-(4-butoxyphenyl)imino-oxidoazanium Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCCC)=CC=C1N=[N+]([O-])C1=CC=C(OCCCC)C=C1 DWRXFZDFCLDVQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFLXFGRPXYHTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-dodecoxyphenyl)-(4-dodecoxyphenyl)imino-oxidoazanium Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1N=[N+]([O-])C1=CC=C(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)C=C1 RFLXFGRPXYHTKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRRSSIQKLMBWJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethoxyphenyl) 4-ethoxycarbonyloxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=C(OCC)C=C1 NRRSSIQKLMBWJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FKPRFOWGXDAFNL-DYQRUOQXSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] hexyl carbonate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)OCCCCCC)C1 FKPRFOWGXDAFNL-DYQRUOQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLVJSPXXNWCOJH-IATSNXCDSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] nonyl carbonate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)OCCCCCCCCC)C1 CLVJSPXXNWCOJH-IATSNXCDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKLBBRQPVZDTNM-SJTWHRLHSA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octanoate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC)C1 SKLBBRQPVZDTNM-SJTWHRLHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUDCURYXLLEBIY-MKQVXYPISA-N [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] octyl carbonate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C1 AUDCURYXLLEBIY-MKQVXYPISA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003609 aryl vinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl]methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(C(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C2(O)CCCCC2)C=1C1(O)CCCCC1 MQDJYUACMFCOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHGPOYKRNJWODC-PTHRTHQKSA-N butyl [(3s,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2r)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] carbonate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)OCCCC)C1 PHGPOYKRNJWODC-PTHRTHQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-VEVYEIKRSA-N cholesteryl acetate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OC(C)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 XUGISPSHIFXEHZ-VEVYEIKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVZUFUGNHDDLRQ-LLHZKFLPSA-N cholesteryl benzoate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=CC[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@@H]([C@]4(CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(C)CC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 UVZUFUGNHDDLRQ-LLHZKFLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLNARFZDISHUGS-MIXBDBMTSA-N cholesteryl hemisuccinate Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](OC(=O)CCC(O)=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 WLNARFZDISHUGS-MIXBDBMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAACPBBQTFFYQB-LJAITQKLSA-N cholesteryl linoleate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC)C1 NAACPBBQTFFYQB-LJAITQKLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMPIMLRYNVGZIA-TZOMHRFMSA-N cholesteryl oleyl carbonate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)OCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)C1 XMPIMLRYNVGZIA-TZOMHRFMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBJQPKLGPMQWBU-JADYGXMDSA-N cholesteryl palmitate Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)C[C@]3(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC=C1[C@]2(C)CC[C@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C1 BBJQPKLGPMQWBU-JADYGXMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;n,n-dimethylcarbamodithioate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S ZOUQIAGHKFLHIA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012954 diazonium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- NAKRHRXBVSLQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl cyclopentane-1,1-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1(C(=O)OCC)CCCC1 NAKRHRXBVSLQAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical class I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- FEIWNULTQYHCDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N mbba Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCC)=CC=C1N=CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 FEIWNULTQYHCDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylethylamine Chemical compound CCN(C)C DAZXVJBJRMWXJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBCDABROGMPOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[4-[(4-fluorophenyl)iminomethyl]phenyl]methanimine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1N=CC(C=C1)=CC=C1C=NC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VBCDABROGMPOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXPMURPRMMGGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(benzylideneamino)-3-chlorophenyl]-2-chlorophenyl]-1-phenylmethanimine Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C=2C=C(Cl)C(N=CC=3C=CC=CC=3)=CC=2)=CC=C1N=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PXPMURPRMMGGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUDPDXGSAOZKNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(benzylideneamino)phenyl]phenyl]-1-phenylmethanimine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=NC(C=C1)=CC=C1C(C=C1)=CC=C1N=CC1=CC=CC=C1 QUDPDXGSAOZKNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CKIGNOCMDJFFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-naphthalen-2-yl-1-phenylmethanimine Chemical compound C=1C=C2C=CC=CC2=CC=1N=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CKIGNOCMDJFFES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YRZFKJUPVCUDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxido-(4-propoxyphenyl)-(4-propoxyphenyl)iminoazanium Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCC)=CC=C1N=[N+]([O-])C1=CC=C(OCCC)C=C1 YRZFKJUPVCUDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、無機ナノ粒子の技術分野に属し，特に無機ナノ粒子表面と親和性を有する官能基を持つ有機化合物によって被覆された無機ナノ粒子、ならびに液晶性化合物あるいは重合性溶媒中などの液状媒体中への分散性が向上された無機ナノ粒子、また無機ナノ粒子の凝集制御ならびにその無機ナノ粒子複合組織体またはその無機ナノ粒子複合樹脂材料に関する。 The present invention belongs to the technical field of inorganic nanoparticles, and in particular, inorganic nanoparticles coated with an organic compound having a functional group having an affinity for the surface of inorganic nanoparticles, and a liquid medium such as a liquid crystalline compound or a polymerizable solvent. The present invention relates to inorganic nanoparticles having improved dispersibility therein, control of aggregation of inorganic nanoparticles, and an inorganic nanoparticle composite structure or an inorganic nanoparticle composite resin material thereof.
ナノメートル領域の直径を有する無機ナノ粒子は、バルク状態にある金属や半導体とは異なる性質を示す。このようなナノ粒子は、非線形光学特性などの特異な性質を示すことから、光素子や超微細配線の作成材料、電子電導材料、電導性塗料、磁性材料やセンサー材料として優れた機能を提供できる。また電子一個で動作する単一電子トランジスタの候補として、物理および材料分野において注目されている。また低温で融解挙動を示すなど力学的物性、熱的物性などにおいても注目を集めている。 Inorganic nanoparticles having a diameter in the nanometer region exhibit different properties from metals and semiconductors in the bulk state. Since such nanoparticles exhibit unique properties such as nonlinear optical characteristics, they can provide excellent functions as materials for creating optical elements and ultrafine wiring, electronic conductive materials, conductive paints, magnetic materials, and sensor materials. . In addition, as a candidate for a single-electron transistor that operates with one electron, it has attracted attention in the physical and material fields. It is also attracting attention in terms of mechanical and thermal properties such as melting behavior at low temperatures.
このようにナノサイズの無機塊は、極めて小さいそのサイズに起因した特異的な機能性を有するので、次世代の機能性素材として大きく期待されている。しかし、その高い表面エネルギーのため、凝集しやすい特徴を持つ。そのため粒子を安定化させるために何らかの有機物によって被覆される必要がある。 As described above, the nano-sized inorganic block has a specific functionality due to its extremely small size, and thus is highly expected as a next-generation functional material. However, due to its high surface energy, it has a characteristic of being easily aggregated. Therefore, it is necessary to coat with some organic matter in order to stabilize the particles.
有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、主として高分子鎖やミセルなどの分子集合体、表面電荷の反発を利用したもの、あるいは有機低分子によるものがある。特に低分子系有機被覆剤は、機能性発現のための分子設計が容易なこと、無機ナノ粒子表面における被覆構造が明確であるため、次代の有力な候補として考えられている。しかし、これを実材料として用いるためには、その有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を他の物質と組み合わせて使う必要があるが、その等方的な形状・性質から、他の無機材料や高分子材料、その他高塩濃度溶液などの分散媒に対する混和性・分散性はきわめて低い。このことは無機ナノ粒子機能を実用化するうえでの大きな課題とされている。 Organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles mainly include molecular aggregates such as polymer chains and micelles, those utilizing surface charge repulsion, and those based on small organic molecules. In particular, a low molecular weight organic coating agent is considered as a promising candidate for the next generation because of its easy molecular design for functional expression and a clear coating structure on the surface of inorganic nanoparticles. However, in order to use this as an actual material, it is necessary to use the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in combination with other substances, but because of its isotropic shape and properties, other inorganic materials and polymer materials, Other miscibility and dispersibility in dispersion media such as high salt concentration solutions This is regarded as a major issue in putting inorganic nanoparticle functions into practical use.
炭化水素鎖からなる低分子有機被覆剤によって周囲を被覆された無機ナノ粒子は、表面の官能基によってその分散性が支配されている事が多い。したがって混和させる媒体の性質を鑑みて、精密に被覆分子を設計する必要があった。また同時に安定化作用も考えて作成されなければならなかった。つまり材料に応じて、一つ一つ作り変えなければならなかった。例えば、硫黄化合物および窒素化合物などを無機ナノ粒子の被覆剤として用いる場合、モノアルキルチオールやモノアルキルアミンなど一つの吸着部位（硫黄原子や窒素原子）に対して炭化水素鎖が一つのものが用いられてきた（非特許文献１）。このような吸着部位は無機ナノ粒子表面に密に吸着する性質を持つため、被覆分子は、無機ナノ粒子表面において細密にパッキングされながら、無機ナノ粒子を覆っている。従って媒体の極性や粘性等を緻密に考えなければならなかった。媒体の極性を鑑みた例として、液状媒体を液晶分子とする場合に、被覆剤として液晶性を示す化合物も用いられてきた（非特許文献２）。しかし、これらの被覆剤で被覆した無機ナノ粒子においても、被覆分子が密集した状態で無機ナノ粒子表面を被覆した場合、分散媒に対する混和性・分散性は十分ではない事が多く、安定性の問題も多く抱えていた。さらに液晶分子をそのまま被覆剤かつ媒体として使うことも提唱されている。しかしながら金属種が限定され、また実際的に使用する際に不純物の混入を起こしやすくする恐れがある。（特許文献１，２，３） Inorganic nanoparticles whose periphery is coated with a low-molecular organic coating composed of hydrocarbon chains are often controlled by the surface functional groups. Therefore, it was necessary to design the coating molecules precisely in view of the properties of the medium to be mixed. At the same time, it had to be created considering the stabilizing effect. In other words, it had to be remade one by one according to the material. For example, when using a sulfur compound or nitrogen compound as a coating agent for inorganic nanoparticles, one having one hydrocarbon chain for one adsorption site (sulfur atom or nitrogen atom) such as monoalkylthiol or monoalkylamine is used. (Non-Patent Document 1). Since such an adsorption site has a property of adsorbing densely on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle, the covering molecule covers the inorganic nanoparticle while being densely packed on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle. Therefore, it was necessary to carefully consider the polarity and viscosity of the medium. As an example in view of the polarity of the medium, a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity has been used as a coating agent when the liquid medium is liquid crystal molecules (Non-patent Document 2). However, even in the case of inorganic nanoparticles coated with these coating agents, when the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles is coated in a state where the coating molecules are dense, the miscibility and dispersibility with respect to the dispersion medium are often insufficient, and the stability of I had many problems. It has also been proposed to use liquid crystal molecules as a coating and medium as they are. However, the metal species is limited, and there is a risk that impurities may be easily mixed during actual use. (Patent Documents 1, 2, 3)
また、樹脂中に無機ナノ粒子を混合させる試みはこれまで多くなされてきたが、十分な分散量は、得られていなかった。さらに、液状の樹脂中で無機ナノ粒子の分散を制御しようとする試みはなされていない。
したがって、本発明の目的は、無機材料、高分子材料、高塩濃度溶液などの分散媒に対する混和性・分散性に優れた無機ナノ粒子およびこれが各種媒体中に分散、凝集した分散体、凝集体等を提供することである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide inorganic nanoparticles excellent in miscibility and dispersibility in dispersion media such as inorganic materials, polymer materials, and high salt concentration solutions, and dispersions and aggregates in which these are dispersed and aggregated in various media Etc. is to provide.
本発明者らは、上記の課題を解決するため、鋭意検討した結果、従来、無機ナノ粒子表面への吸着部位が一つに対して炭化水素鎖もしくは芳香族構造が一つである被覆剤による被覆がほとんどであったが、無機ナノ粒子表面吸着部位が二つ以上で炭化水素鎖もしくは芳香族構造が一つとした有機被覆剤を用いてナノ粒子を調製したところ、従来の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子に比べ、無機ナノ粒子表面の炭化水素鎖もしくは芳香族構造が少なくなった有機被覆無機ナノ粒子はきわめて高い分散性を多くの液状媒体に対して示すことを知見して本発明を達成した。 As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have heretofore been based on a coating agent having one hydrocarbon chain or one aromatic structure with respect to one adsorption site on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles. Although most of the coatings were made, the nanoparticles were prepared using an organic coating agent with two or more adsorption sites on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles and one hydrocarbon chain or aromatic structure. Compared to the above, the present invention has been achieved by finding that organic coated inorganic nanoparticles having a reduced number of hydrocarbon chains or aromatic structures on the surface of inorganic nanoparticles exhibit extremely high dispersibility in many liquid media.
すなわち、本発明は、
（１）無機ナノ粒子が芳香族基を含んでもよい炭化水素鎖を有する有機被覆分子によって被覆された有機被覆無機ナノ粒子であって、有機被覆分子が一分子中に２〜５個の無機ナノ粒子に吸着可能な官能基をもち、この官能基が無機ナノ粒子表面に吸着した際の有機被覆分子の占有面積が前記炭化水素鎖の最大断面積の１．５倍以上となる有機分子である、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子；
（２）有機被覆分子が１，２−ジチオラン誘導体又は１，２−ジチオレン誘導体である、上記（１）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子；
（３）１，２−ジチオラン誘導体が一般式（Ｉ）：
That is, the present invention
(1) An organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle coated with an organic-coated molecule having a hydrocarbon chain that may contain an aromatic group, wherein the organic-coated molecule has 2 to 5 inorganic nanoparticles in one molecule. It is an organic molecule having a functional group capable of adsorbing to particles, and the occupation area of the organic coating molecule when this functional group is adsorbed on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle is 1.5 times or more the maximum cross-sectional area of the hydrocarbon chain. Organic coated inorganic nanoparticles;
(2) Organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles according to (1) above, wherein the organic-coated molecule is a 1,2-dithiolane derivative or a 1,2-dithiolene derivative;
(3) 1,2-dithiolane derivative is represented by the general formula (I):
（式中、Ｒ１はＣ２以上の飽和炭化水素基、不飽和炭化水素基、またはアミド結合若しくはエステル結合を含むアルキル基若しくは脂環炭化水素基を示す。これらの基は芳香族基を含んでもよい。）で表される化合物である、上記（１）又は（２）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子；
（４）無機ナノ粒子が、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ及びＭｎから選択した１以上の金属からなる金属ナノ粒子であるか、ＣｄＳ、ＣｄＳｅ、ＨｇＳ、ＰｂＳ、Ｃｕ２Ｓ、Ｉｎ２Ｓ３などの金属イオウ化物又は金属カルコゲナイドからなるナノ粒子であるか、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ａｇ２Ｏ、ＴｉＯ２、ＳｉＯ２などの金属酸化物よりなるナノ粒子である、上記（１）〜（３）のいずれか１項記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子；
（５）有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が液状媒体中に分散した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体；
（６）液状媒体が液晶性化合物又は重合性液状媒体である、上記（５）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体；
（７）加熱により有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液状媒体中に分散させた後、冷却して得られる有機被覆無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体；
（８）液状媒体が液晶性化合物である、上記（７）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体；
（９）液状媒体が重合性液状媒体である、上記（７）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体；
（１０）上記（９）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体における重合性液状媒体を硬化して得られる有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体；
（１１）上記（１）〜（４）のいずれか１項記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の製造方法であって、金属塩と有機被覆分子を溶媒中に溶解させ、還元剤を添加して有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を形成する工程、及び必要により、得られた有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を再沈澱法により沈澱させ、これを濾取して、余剰の有機被覆分子を取り除き、粉末として採取する工程を含む方法；
（１２）上記（５）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液状媒体に分散させる工程を含む方法；
（１３）上記（６）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液晶性化合物又は重合性液状媒体に分散させる工程を含む方法；
（１４）上記（７）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液状媒体に分散させた後、これを冷却する工程を含む方法；
（１５）上記（８）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子をアイソトロピック状態の液晶性化合物中に分散させた後、これを液晶相を示す温度領域にする工程を含む方法；
（１６）上記（９）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を重合性液状媒体に分散させた後、これを冷却する工程を含む方法；
（１７）上記（１０）記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体の製造方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を重合性液状媒体に一旦加熱分散させる工程、その冷却過程において形成される有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の凝集体のサイズを冷却温度により制御しながら、分散媒である重合性液状媒体を硬化して有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体を得る工程を含む方法；及び
（１８）無機ナノ粒子が有機被覆分子によって被覆された有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の液状媒体中での分散・凝集を制御する方法であって、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液状媒体に加熱して分散させた後、冷却温度を調整することにより有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の分散・凝集状態を制御することを含む方法；
である。
(In the formula, R 1 represents a C 2 or higher saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or an alkyl group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group containing an amide bond or an ester bond. These groups include an aromatic group. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles according to the above (1) or (2), which is a compound represented by:
(4) The inorganic nanoparticles are metal nanoparticles composed of one or more metals selected from Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn, or CdS, CdSe, HgS, PbS, Cu 2 S, or nanoparticles comprising a metal sulfur compound or a metal chalcogenide such as an in 2 S 3, a Fe 2 O 3, Ag 2 O , nanoparticles of a metal oxide such as TiO 2, SiO 2, the Organic coated inorganic nanoparticles according to any one of (1) to (3);
(5) Organic coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion in which organic coated inorganic nanoparticles are dispersed in a liquid medium;
(6) The organic coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion according to (5) above, wherein the liquid medium is a liquid crystalline compound or a polymerizable liquid medium;
(7) Organic coated inorganic nanoparticle arrays or aggregates obtained by dispersing organic coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid medium by heating and then cooling;
(8) The organic coated inorganic nanoparticle array or aggregate according to (7) above, wherein the liquid medium is a liquid crystalline compound;
(9) The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate according to (7) above, wherein the liquid medium is a polymerizable liquid medium;
(10) Organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid medium in the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate according to (9) above;
(11) The method for producing organic coated inorganic nanoparticles according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein a metal salt and an organic coated molecule are dissolved in a solvent, and a reducing agent is added to form an organic A step of forming coated inorganic nanoparticles, and, if necessary, a step of precipitating the obtained organic coated inorganic nanoparticles by a reprecipitation method, filtering this to remove excess organic coated molecules, and collecting the powder as a powder Including methods;
(12) A method for producing an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion according to (5) above, comprising a step of dispersing organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid medium;
(13) A method for producing an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion as described in (6) above, comprising a step of dispersing organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid crystalline compound or a polymerizable liquid medium;
(14) The method for producing an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle array or aggregate according to (7) above, which comprises a step of dispersing the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid medium and then cooling it.
(15) The method for producing an organic coated inorganic nanoparticle array or aggregate according to (8) above, wherein the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles are dispersed in a liquid crystalline compound in an isotropic state, and then the liquid crystal phase is dispersed. Including a step of bringing the temperature region into
(16) The method for producing an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate described in (9) above, which comprises a step of cooling the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle after dispersing the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle in a polymerizable liquid medium;
(17) The method for producing an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite according to (10) above, wherein the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle is once heated and dispersed in a polymerizable liquid medium, and formed in the cooling process. A method comprising a step of curing a polymerizable liquid medium as a dispersion medium to obtain an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite while controlling the size of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate by controlling the cooling temperature; (18) A method for controlling dispersion / aggregation of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in which inorganic nanoparticles are coated with organic-coated molecules in a liquid medium, wherein the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are heated and dispersed in the liquid medium. And then controlling the dispersion / aggregation state of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles by adjusting the cooling temperature;
It is.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、無機材料、高分子材料、高塩濃度溶液などの分散媒に対する混和性・分散性に優れており、各種液状媒体中に極めて良好に混和、分散する。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are excellent in miscibility and dispersibility with respect to a dispersion medium such as an inorganic material, a polymer material, and a high salt concentration solution, and are extremely well mixed and dispersed in various liquid media.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、液晶性化合物中で効率的に無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体を形成する。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention efficiently form inorganic nanoparticle arrays or aggregates in a liquid crystalline compound.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、重合性液状媒体中に良好に分散する。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are well dispersed in the polymerizable liquid medium.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、重合性液状媒体を硬化した樹脂中で凝集状態で良好に存在する。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are well present in an aggregated state in a resin obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid medium.
本発明によれば、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の液状媒体中での分散・凝集状態を任意にかつ連続的に制御できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to arbitrarily and continuously control the dispersion / aggregation state of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid medium.
本発明におけるナノ粒子は、０．５〜１００ｎｍ、好ましくは１．０〜１０ｎｍの粒径を有する粒子を意味する。 The nanoparticle in the present invention means a particle having a particle size of 0.5 to 100 nm, preferably 1.0 to 10 nm.
本発明における無機ナノ粒子は、当業者に公知の無機ナノ粒子であれば良く、例えば、金属ナノ粒子、金属イオウ化物または金属カルコゲナイドからなるナノ粒子（半導体ナノ粒子）、金属酸化物よりなるナノ粒子があげられる。金属ナノ粒子としては、例えば、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｃｕ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｆｅ及びＭｎから選択した金属からなる金属ナノ粒子又は前記金属から選択した２以上の金属からなる金属ナノ粒子があげられる。金属イオウ化物又は金属カルコゲナイドからなるナノ粒子としては、例えば、ＣｄＳ、ＣｄＳ、ＨｇＳ、ＰｂＳ、Ｃｕ２Ｓ、Ｉｎ２Ｓ３などの金属イオウ化物又は金属カルコゲナイドからなるナノ粒子（半導体ナノ粒子）があげられる。金属酸化物よりなるナノ粒子としては、例えば、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ａｇ２Ｏ、ＴｉＯ２、ＳｉＯ２などの金属酸化物よりなるナノ粒子があげられる。 The inorganic nanoparticles in the present invention may be inorganic nanoparticles known to those skilled in the art, for example, nanoparticles composed of metal nanoparticles, metal sulfides or metal chalcogenides (semiconductor nanoparticles), and nanoparticles composed of metal oxides. Can be given. Examples of the metal nanoparticles include metal nanoparticles composed of a metal selected from Au, Ag, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn, or metal nanoparticles composed of two or more metals selected from the metals. can give. Examples of the nanoparticles composed of metal sulfides or metal chalcogenides include nanoparticles composed of metal sulphides such as CdS, CdS, HgS, PbS, Cu 2 S, In 2 S 3 or metal chalcogenides (semiconductor nanoparticles). It is done. As nanoparticles of a metal oxide, for example, Fe 2 O 3, Ag 2 O, nanoparticles of a metal oxide such as TiO 2, SiO 2 and the like.
本発明における被覆とは、有機被覆分子の分子構造中に存在する無機ナノ粒子表面と高い親和性を持つ官能基をその表面に向け吸着し、無機ナノ粒子全体を覆うことを意味する。このことによって無機ナノ粒子間の凝集等を防ぐ役割を果す。また、液状媒体と直接接する部分となり分散性に大きく影響を与える。 The coating in the present invention means that a functional group having a high affinity with the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles present in the molecular structure of the organic coating molecule is adsorbed toward the surface to cover the entire inorganic nanoparticles. This plays a role in preventing aggregation between inorganic nanoparticles. Moreover, it becomes a part in direct contact with the liquid medium and greatly affects the dispersibility.
本発明における有機被覆分子は、芳香族基を含んでもよい炭化水素鎖を有し、一分子中に２〜５個の無機ナノ粒子に吸着可能な官能基をもち、この官能基が無機ナノ粒子表面に吸着した際の有機被覆分子の占有面積が前記炭化水素鎖の最大断面積の１．５倍以上となる有機分子である。 The organic coating molecule in the present invention has a hydrocarbon chain that may contain an aromatic group, and has a functional group that can be adsorbed to 2 to 5 inorganic nanoparticles in one molecule, and this functional group is an inorganic nanoparticle. It is an organic molecule in which the area occupied by organic coating molecules when adsorbed on the surface is 1.5 times or more the maximum cross-sectional area of the hydrocarbon chain.
無機ナノ粒子表面に親和性・配位性・結合性を有し、その表面に吸着可能な官能基としては、チオール・ジスルフィドなど硫黄を含むもの、アミンなど窒素原子を含むもの、水酸基、カルボキシル基、カチオン性基（例えば、アンモニウム基（ヒドロキシ基によって置換されていてもよい炭素数１〜６の直鎖もしくは分岐鎖状アルキル基によって置換されていてもよい）、ピリジニウム基およびホスホニウム基）、アニオン性基（例えば、あるいはカルボキシル基、スルホン酸エステル基、スルホン酸基、燐酸基、およびホスホン酸基およびその塩化合物）なども該当する。 Functional groups that have affinity / coordination / bonding on the surface of inorganic nanoparticles and can be adsorbed on the surface include those containing sulfur such as thiol and disulfide, those containing nitrogen atoms such as amines, hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups A cationic group (for example, an ammonium group (which may be substituted with a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a hydroxy group), a pyridinium group or a phosphonium group), an anion Examples thereof also include a functional group (for example, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid ester group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phosphonic acid group, and a salt compound thereof).
例えば、硫黄原子又はアミン基を含む化合物が、それの硫黄又は窒素原子を介して、ナノメーターサイズの金や銀のような無機ナノ粒子表面と共有結合あるいは、配位結合しながら自己組織化して該無機ナノ粒子の周りに単分子膜を形成することはよく知られている。本発明で用いる有機被覆無機ナノ粒子もこのような現象を利用して形成されるものである。 For example, a compound containing a sulfur atom or an amine group self-assembles via the sulfur or nitrogen atom while covalently or coordinatively bonding with the surface of an inorganic nanoparticle such as gold or silver of nanometer size. It is well known to form a monomolecular film around the inorganic nanoparticles. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles used in the present invention are also formed using such a phenomenon.
本発明における無機ナノ粒子表面に吸着した際の有機被覆分子の占有面積は、無機ナノ粒子表面積を吸着した有機被覆分子の数で除したものを意味し、加熱重量減少率測定や元素分析測定などから得られる一粒子中の無機部分と有機部分の重量割合と無機ナノ粒子の透過型電子顕微鏡観察による粒子径測定から計算できる。 In the present invention, the area occupied by the organic coating molecules when adsorbed on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles means the surface area of the inorganic nanoparticles divided by the number of organic coating molecules adsorbed. Can be calculated from the weight ratio of the inorganic part and the organic part in one particle obtained from the above and the particle diameter measurement of the inorganic nanoparticles by observation with a transmission electron microscope.
本発明における炭化水素鎖の最大断面積は、炭化水素鎖が結晶化もしくは規則配列した状態で得られる単位格子中における一分子あたりの占有する面積を意味し、密度測定やモデリングなどで測定又は計算できる。 The maximum cross-sectional area of a hydrocarbon chain in the present invention means an area occupied by one molecule in a unit cell obtained in a state where the hydrocarbon chain is crystallized or regularly arranged, and is measured or calculated by density measurement or modeling. it can.
本発明において、高分散を得るためには、前記占有面積が前記最大断面積の１．５倍〜５倍であることを要するが、好ましくは２．０倍〜５倍、更に好ましくは２．０倍〜３倍である。 In the present invention, in order to obtain high dispersion, the occupied area needs to be 1.5 to 5 times the maximum cross-sectional area, preferably 2.0 to 5 times, more preferably 2. 0 to 3 times.
本発明における有機被覆分子は、芳香族基を含み得る。芳香族基としては、フェニル、ナフチル等が例示できる。 The organic coating molecule in the present invention may contain an aromatic group. Examples of the aromatic group include phenyl and naphthyl.
本発明における有機被覆分子は、被覆分子内にひとつの吸着官能基と一本の炭化水素鎖を有するのとは異なり、分子内に複数の吸着官能基があり、吸着部位に依存して無機ナノ粒子表面にて有機被覆分子一分子が占有する面積を大きくできる分子構造であることを特徴とする。 Unlike the organic molecule having one adsorption functional group and one hydrocarbon chain in the coating molecule, the organic coating molecule in the present invention has a plurality of adsorption functional groups in the molecule and depends on the adsorption site. It is characterized by a molecular structure capable of increasing the area occupied by one molecule of the organic coating molecule on the particle surface.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、これまで報告された低分子系有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の特徴である高い安定性を同様に有する。また、本発明の有機被覆分子の分子構造中に無機ナノ粒子表面への吸着サイトが複数存在するため、液状媒体の分子が無機ナノ粒子表面に吸着した有機被覆分子を取り囲めるようになる（図１）。したがって有機被覆分子が効果的に溶媒和され、液状媒体に対してより馴染み易い表面を形成し得る。すなわち被覆分子が効果的に溶媒和されることは、分子の運動性が確保され、被覆された無機ナノ粒子全体の分散性を向上させることに繋がり種々の媒体に対して有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が高い分散性を示すという特徴を有する。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention similarly have high stability, which is a feature of the low-molecular-weight organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles reported so far. In addition, since there are a plurality of adsorption sites on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles in the molecular structure of the organic coating molecule of the present invention, the molecules of the liquid medium can surround the organic coating molecules adsorbed on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticles (Fig. 1). Thus, the organic coating molecules can be effectively solvated to form a surface that is more amenable to liquid media. In other words, the effective solvation of the coating molecules secures the mobility of the molecules and improves the dispersibility of the entire coated inorganic nanoparticles. It has the characteristic of exhibiting high dispersibility.
本発明における有機被覆分子として、１，２−ジチオラン誘導体又は１，２−ジチオレン誘導体が好ましく、これらは、分子末端に１，２−ジチオラン構造又は１，２−ジチオレン構造を有する化合物を意味する。有機被覆分子としては、特に１，２−ジチオラン誘導体が好ましい。 The organic coating molecule in the present invention is preferably a 1,2-dithiolane derivative or a 1,2-dithiolene derivative, which means a compound having a 1,2-dithiolane structure or a 1,2-dithiolene structure at the molecular end. As the organic coating molecule, a 1,2-dithiolane derivative is particularly preferable.
本発明における１，２−ジチオラン誘導体は、好ましくは、一般式（Ｉ）： The 1,2-dithiolane derivative in the present invention is preferably represented by the general formula (I):
（式中、Ｒ１はＣ２以上の飽和炭化水素基、不飽和炭化水素基、またはアミド結合若しくはエステル結合、あるいはエーテル結合を含むアルキル基若しくは脂環炭化水素基を示す。これらの基は芳香族基を含んでもよい。）で表される合物である。Ｒ１が表す炭素原子数２以上の飽和炭化水素基としては、好ましくは炭素原子数２〜３０、より好ましくは炭素原子数６〜１８の直鎖状のアルキル基、具体的には、ｎ−ヘキシル、ｎ−ヘプチル、ｎ−オクチル、ｎ−ノニル、ｎ−ドデシル、ｎ−テトラデシル、ｎ−ペンタデシル、ｎ−ヘキサデシル、ｎ−オクタデシルなどの基を挙げることができる。Ｒ１が表す炭素原子数２以上の不飽和炭化水素基としては、好ましくは炭素原子数２〜３０、より好ましくは炭素原子数６〜１８の直鎖状のアルケニル基またはアルキニル基、具体的には、９−オクタデセニル基などを挙げることができる。Ｒ１が表すエーテル結合を含むアルキル基としては、好ましくは炭素数６〜１８の、エーテル結合を含む直鎖状アルキル基を挙げることができ、具体的にはラウリルオキシプロピル基などの基を挙げることができる。Ｒ１が表すエーテル結合を含む脂環式炭化水素基としては、好ましくは炭素数４〜６の、エーテル結合を含むシクロアルキル基（例えば、シクロヘキシル基など）、炭素数４〜６の、エーテル結合を含むシクロアルケニル基など、具体的にはテトラヒドロフルフリル基などの基を挙げることができる。上記の基を置換または中断することができる芳香族基としては、具体的にはフェニル、ナフチルなどの基を挙げることができる。また上記の基を置換または中断することができる結合様式としては、アミド結合、エステル結合、エーテル結合が挙げられ、２級および３級アミンであってもよい。Ｒ１としては、具体的には、ｎ−ヘキサデシル、９−オクタデセニル基などの基を挙げることができるが、上記の組み合わせによって構成されるものであればよい。但し、分岐構造はあまり望ましくない。 (In the formula, R 1 represents a C 2 or higher saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an amide bond or an ester bond, or an alkyl group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group containing an ether bond. These groups are aromatic. A group may be included.). The saturated hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms represented by R 1 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, specifically n- Examples include hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl and the like. The unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms represented by R 1 is preferably a linear alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, specifically, May include a 9-octadecenyl group. The alkyl group containing an ether bond represented by R 1 is preferably a linear alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and containing an ether bond, specifically a group such as a lauryloxypropyl group. be able to. The alicyclic hydrocarbon group containing an ether bond represented by R 1 is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms (eg, a cyclohexyl group) or an ether bond having 4 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a cycloalkenyl group containing, such as a tetrahydrofurfuryl group. Specific examples of the aromatic group capable of substituting or interrupting the above group include phenyl and naphthyl groups. Moreover, as a coupling | bonding mode which can substitute or interrupt said group, an amide bond, an ester bond, and an ether bond are mentioned, A secondary and tertiary amine may be sufficient. Specific examples of R 1 include groups such as n-hexadecyl and 9-octadecenyl groups, but any combination of the above may be used. However, a branched structure is not very desirable.
本発明における有機被覆分子としては、１，２−ジチオラン誘導体又は１，２−ジチオレン誘導体のほかに、例えば、以下の構造を有する有機化合物が挙げられる。 Examples of the organic coating molecule in the present invention include organic compounds having the following structure in addition to the 1,2-dithiolane derivative or the 1,2-dithiolene derivative.
（式中、各Ｒは、それぞれ独立して、上述に記載のＲ１と同様の群から選択される基を示す。） (In the formula, each R independently represents a group selected from the same group as R 1 described above.)
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、金属塩と有機被覆分子を溶媒中に溶解させ、還元剤を添加して有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を形成する工程、及び必要により、得られた有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を再沈澱法により沈澱させ、これを濾取して、余剰の有機被覆分子を取り除き、粉末として採取する工程を含む方法によって製造できる。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are obtained by dissolving a metal salt and an organic-coated molecule in a solvent and adding a reducing agent to form organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles. The particles can be produced by a method including a step of precipitation by a reprecipitation method, which is collected by filtration to remove excess organic coating molecules and collected as a powder.
金属塩を例示する。金塩としては、塩化金酸四水和物（ＨＡｕＣｌ4・（Ｈ2Ｏ）4）、塩化金酸三水和物（ＨＡｕＣｌ4・（Ｈ2Ｏ）3）、銀の塩としては、酢酸銀（ＡｇＣＯＯＣＨ３）、硝酸銀（ＡｇＮＯ3）、パラジウム塩としては、塩化パラジウム酸ナトリウム（Ｈ2ＰｄＣｌ6、Ｈ2ＰｄＣｌ4およびそれらの塩化合物）、ロジウム塩としては塩化ロジウム（ＩＩＩ）ナトリウム二水和物（Ｎａ３〔ＲｈＣｌ６〕・２Ｈ２Ｏ）、白金塩としては、塩化白金酸誘導体（Ｈ2ＰｔＣｌ4、Ｈ2ＰｔＣｌ6およびそれらの塩化合物）が挙げられ、溶媒としては、低極性溶媒、例えばトルエン、メチルシクロヘキサンなどを用いることができる。溶媒中の該有機化合物の濃度は、溶媒に対する有機化合物の溶解性によって異なるが、例えば０．１〜５０ｍＭの濃度の溶液とすることができる。還元剤としては、水素化ホウ素ナトリウムなどのアルカリ金属水素化ホウ素酸塩類；アンモニウム水素化ホウ素酸塩類、ヒドラジン系化合物、ジメチルアミノエタノール、ジメチルエチルアミンなどの２級、３級アミン化合物などを用いることができる。また水素、またはジボランなどのガスを用いることもできる。還元剤の添加量は、特に規定されず、イオン性無機化合物の金属イオンを還元させる量が最低限あればよい。再沈殿は、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子に対して貧溶媒であり、有機被覆分子にとって良溶媒となる媒体を添加にする方法により行うことができる。余剰の有機被覆分子は、再沈殿精製により取り除くことができ、その結果として粉末の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が得られる。 Illustrative metal salts. Examples of gold salts include chloroauric acid tetrahydrate (HAuCl 4 · (H 2 O) 4 ), chloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl 4 · (H 2 O) 3 ), and silver salts such as acetic acid. Silver (AgCOOCH 3 ), silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), palladium salt as sodium chloropalladate (H 2 PdCl 6 , H 2 PdCl 4 and their salt compounds), rhodium chloride as sodium rhodium (III) dihydrate Examples of Japanese products (Na 3 [RhCl 6 ] · 2H 2 O) and platinum salts include chloroplatinic acid derivatives (H 2 PtCl 4 , H 2 PtCl 6 and their salt compounds), and solvents include low polarity Solvents such as toluene and methylcyclohexane can be used. The concentration of the organic compound in the solvent varies depending on the solubility of the organic compound in the solvent, but can be a solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 50 mM, for example. As the reducing agent, alkali metal borohydrides such as sodium borohydride; ammonium borohydrides, hydrazine compounds, secondary and tertiary amine compounds such as dimethylaminoethanol, dimethylethylamine, etc. may be used. it can. A gas such as hydrogen or diborane can also be used. The amount of the reducing agent added is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that the amount of the metal ion of the ionic inorganic compound is reduced. Reprecipitation can be performed by a method of adding a medium that is a poor solvent for the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles and a good solvent for the organic-coated molecules. Excess organic coated molecules can be removed by reprecipitation purification, resulting in powdered organic coated inorganic nanoparticles.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、液状媒体中に良好に高濃度で分散する。ここで、液状媒体とは、液体又は流動性を有する媒体を意味し、例えば、液晶性化合物、重合性液状媒体、有機溶媒等を含む。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are well dispersed at a high concentration in a liquid medium. Here, the liquid medium means a liquid or fluid medium, and includes, for example, a liquid crystal compound, a polymerizable liquid medium, an organic solvent, and the like.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、アイソトロピック状態の液晶性化合物は液状であるため、これに良く分散し、さらに、液晶相まで冷却した際には、液晶の配向に誘起され、液晶中において有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が配列体又凝集体を形成する。液晶性化合物とは、ある温度（この温度は限定されないが、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子をこわさない温度）で液晶性を示す化合物をいう。従来公知の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子も、分散量は少ないものの、同様に液晶性化合物中に分散し、配列体又は凝集体を形成し得る。ここで、配列体とは、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が規則的に配列して集積している状態を意味し、凝集体とは、配列体に比べ、集合形態がランダムであり、数個から数百個の集まりからなるものを意味する。 In the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention, since the liquid crystalline compound in the isotropic state is in a liquid state, it is well dispersed therein, and further, when cooled to the liquid crystal phase, it is induced by the orientation of the liquid crystal, Organic coated inorganic nanoparticles form arrays or aggregates. The liquid crystalline compound refers to a compound that exhibits liquid crystallinity at a certain temperature (this temperature is not limited, but does not break the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles). Conventionally known organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles may also be dispersed in a liquid crystalline compound in the same manner, although the amount of dispersion is small, to form an array or an aggregate. Here, an array means a state in which organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are regularly arranged and accumulated, and an aggregate is a random aggregate form compared to an array, and several to several Meaning a collection of hundreds.
液晶性化合物として、代表的なものを示す。例えば、ネマチック液晶性化合物として４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルビフェニル、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルオキシビフェニル、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ヘプチルビフェニル、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ヘプチルオキシビフェニルなどのシアノビフェニル型液晶性化合物、ｎ−アミル ４−（４−エトキシフェノキシカルボニル）フェニルカーボネート、ブチル ４−カルボキシフェニルカーボネート、ｎ−ブチル ４−（４’−メトキシフェノキシカルボニル）フェニルカーボネート、４−カルボキシフェニル ｎ−アミルカーボネート、エチル ４−（４’−エトキシフェノキシカルボニル）フェニルカーボネート、ｎ−ヘプチル ４−（４’−エトキシフェノキシカルボニル）フェニルカーボネート、メチル ４−（４’−エトキシフェノキシカルボニル）フェニルカーボネートなどのフェニル炭酸エステル型液晶性化合物、４，４’−アゾキシジアニソール４，４’−アゾキシフェネトール、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−アミルオキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−ブトキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−ドデシルオキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−ヘキシルオキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−ノニルオキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−オクチルオキシアゾキシベンゼン、４，４’−ジ−ｎ−プロポキシアゾキシベンゼンなどのアゾキシベンゼン型液晶性化合物、その他、４’−ｎ−アミロキシベンジリデン−４−シアノアニリン、ベンジリデン−２−ナフチルアミン、４’−ｎ−ブトキシベンジリデン−４−アセチルアニリン、４’−ｎ−ブトキシベンジリデン−４−シアノアニリン、４−ｎ−ブトキシベンジリデン−４’−ペンチルアニリン、４’−ｎ−ブトキシカルボニルオキシベンジリデン−４−メトキシアニリン、４’−シアノベンジリデン−４−ｎ−ブトキシアニリン、４’−シアノベンジリデン−４−エトキシアニリン、４’−シアノベンジリデン−４−ｎ−ヘキシルオキシアニリン、４’−エトキシベンジリデン−４−アセチルアニリン、４’−エトキシベンジリデン−４−ｎ−ブチルアニリン、４’−エトキシベンジリデン−４−シアノアニリン、４’−ｎ−ヘキシルオキシベンジリデン−４−シアノアニリン、Ｎ−（４−メトキシベンジリデン）−４−アセトキシアニリン、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］アゾベンゼン、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］ベンゾニトリル、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］ビフェニル、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］桂皮酸、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］桂皮酸ｎ−ブチルエステル、４−［（４−メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］桂皮酸エチルエステル、４−［（メトキシベンジリデン）アミノ］スチルベンＮ−（４−メトキシベンジリデンアニリン、Ｎ−（４−メトキシベンジリデン）−４−ｎ−ブチルアニリン、４−（４−メトキシベンジリデン）−４−ヒドロキシアニリン、Ｎ−（４−メトキシ−２−ヒドロキシベンジリデン）−４−ｎ−ブチルアニリン、４’−ｎ−プロポキシベンジリデン−４−シアノアニリン、テレフタルビス（４−フルオロアニリン）、テトラフタルビス（ｐ−フェネチジン）、Ｎ，Ｎ’−ビスベンジリデンベンジジン、Ｎ，Ｎ’−ビスベンジリデン−３，３’−ジクロロベンジジンｐ−ジアニサル−３，３’−ジクロロベンジジンアゾキシベンゼン−４，４’−ジカルボン酸ジエチルエステルなどの棒状液晶性化合物があげられる。 Typical examples of liquid crystal compounds are shown below. For example, as a nematic liquid crystalline compound, 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4′-n-pentyloxybiphenyl, 4-cyano-4′-n-heptylbiphenyl, 4-cyano-4 ′ Cyanobiphenyl type liquid crystalline compounds such as n-heptyloxybiphenyl, n-amyl 4- (4-ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl) phenyl carbonate, butyl 4-carboxyphenyl carbonate, n-butyl 4- (4′-methoxyphenoxycarbonyl) Phenyl carbonate, 4-carboxyphenyl n-amyl carbonate, ethyl 4- (4′-ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl) phenyl carbonate, n-heptyl 4- (4′-ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl) phenyl carbonate, methyl 4- (4′-ethoxy) Phenyl carbonate type liquid crystalline compounds such as phenoxycarbonyl) phenyl carbonate, 4,4′-azoxydianisole 4,4′-azoxyphenetole, 4,4′-di-n-amyloxyazoxybenzene, 4 4,4′-di-n-butoxyazoxybenzene, 4,4′-di-n-dodecyloxyazoxybenzene, 4,4′-di-n-hexyloxyazoxybenzene, 4,4′-di- Azoxybenzene-type liquid crystalline compounds such as n-nonyloxyazoxybenzene, 4,4′-di-n-octyloxyazoxybenzene, 4,4′-di-n-propoxyazoxybenzene, and other 4 ′ -N-amyloxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline, benzylidene-2-naphthylamine, 4'-n-butoxybenzylidene-4-acetylaniline 4'-n-butoxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline, 4-n-butoxybenzylidene-4'-pentylaniline, 4'-n-butoxycarbonyloxybenzylidene-4-methoxyaniline, 4'-cyanobenzylidene-4- n-butoxyaniline, 4′-cyanobenzylidene-4-ethoxyaniline, 4′-cyanobenzylidene-4-n-hexyloxyaniline, 4′-ethoxybenzylidene-4-acetylaniline, 4′-ethoxybenzylidene-4-n -Butylaniline, 4'-ethoxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline, 4'-n-hexyloxybenzylidene-4-cyanoaniline, N- (4-methoxybenzylidene) -4-acetoxyaniline, 4-[(4-methoxy Benzylidene) amino] azobenzene, 4-[( -Methoxybenzylidene) amino] benzonitrile, 4-[(4-methoxybenzylidene) amino] biphenyl, 4-[(4-methoxybenzylidene) amino] cinnamic acid, 4-[(4-methoxybenzylidene) amino] cinnamic acid n -Butyl ester, 4-[(4-methoxybenzylidene) amino] cinnamic acid ethyl ester, 4-[(methoxybenzylidene) amino] stilbene N- (4-methoxybenzylideneaniline, N- (4-methoxybenzylidene) -4- n-butylaniline, 4- (4-methoxybenzylidene) -4-hydroxyaniline, N- (4-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) -4-n-butylaniline, 4'-n-propoxybenzylidene-4-cyano Aniline, terephthalbis (4-fluoroaniline), tetraf Rubis (p-phenetidine), N, N′-bisbenzylidenebenzidine, N, N′-bisbenzylidene-3,3′-dichlorobenzidine p-dianisal-3,3′-dichlorobenzidineazoxybenzene-4,4 ′ -Rod-like liquid crystalline compounds such as dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.
またコレステリック液晶性化合物としてコレステロール ｎ−アミルカーボネート、コレステロール ｎ−ブチルカーボネート、コレステロール エチルカーボネート、コレステロール ｎ−ヘプチルカーボネート、コレステロール ｎ−ヘキシルカーボネート、コレステロール イソブチルカーボネート、コレステロール イソプロピルカーボネート、コレステロール メチルカーボネート、コレステロール ｎ−ノニルカーボネート、コレステロール ｎ−オクチルカーボネート、コレステロール オレイルカーボネート、コレステロールアセテート、コレステロールベンゾエート、コレステロールブチレート、コレステロール ｎ−カプレート、コレステロール ｎ−カプリレート、コレステロールクロロホルメート、コレステロールトランス桂皮酸、コレステロール ２，４−ジクロロベンゾエート、コレステロールエナンテート、コレステロールホルメート、コレステロール ｎ−ヘキサノエート、コレステロールヒドロ桂皮酸、コレステロールフタル酸水素、コレステロール琥珀酸水素、コレステロールラウレート、コレステロールリノレエート、コレステロールミリステート、コレステロールオレエート、コレステロールパルミテート、コレステロールペラルゴネート、コレステロールフェニルアセテート、コレステロールプロピオネート、コレステロールステアレート、コレステロール ｎ−吉草酸、コレステリルブロミド、コレステリルクロリドなどがあげられる。ディスコティック液晶性化合物として、ベンゼン、トリフェニレン、トルクセン、ポルフィリン、フタロシアニンなどの円盤状分子のアルキル誘導体があげられる。液晶性化合物は、これらの混合物であってもよい。特に好ましくは、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルビフェニル、トリフェニレンのアルキル誘導体である。 Further, as a cholesteric liquid crystalline compound, cholesterol n-amyl carbonate, cholesterol n-butyl carbonate, cholesterol ethyl carbonate, cholesterol n-heptyl carbonate, cholesterol n-hexyl carbonate, cholesterol isobutyl carbonate, cholesterol isopropyl carbonate, cholesterol methyl carbonate, cholesterol n-nonyl Carbonate, cholesterol n-octyl carbonate, cholesterol oleyl carbonate, cholesterol acetate, cholesterol benzoate, cholesterol butyrate, cholesterol n-caprate, cholesterol n-caprylate, cholesterol chloroformate, cholesterol trans Cinnamic acid, cholesterol 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, cholesterol enanthate, cholesterol formate, cholesterol n-hexanoate, cholesterol hydrocinnamic acid, cholesterol hydrogen phthalate, cholesterol hydrogen succinate, cholesterol laurate, cholesterol linoleate, cholesterol milli State, cholesterol oleate, cholesterol palmitate, cholesterol pelargonate, cholesterol phenylacetate, cholesterol propionate, cholesterol stearate, cholesterol n-valeric acid, cholesteryl bromide, cholesteryl chloride and the like. Examples of discotic liquid crystalline compounds include alkyl derivatives of discotic molecules such as benzene, triphenylene, torquesen, porphyrin, and phthalocyanine. A mixture of these may be sufficient as a liquid crystalline compound. Particularly preferred are alkyl derivatives of 4-cyano-4'-n-pentylbiphenyl and triphenylene.
有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、液晶性化合物中に０．００１〜５０重量％、好ましくは１〜２０重量％の濃度で好ましくは粉末の形態で添加される。液晶性化合物中に添加した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、アイソトロピック状態の液晶性化合物中に均一に分散した後、液晶相を示す温度領域で比較的安定に存在しうる（従来公知の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子はあまり安定ではない）。ネマティック液晶性化合物のような構造秩序性の低い液晶性化合物の場合、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、例えば、一軸に配向した液晶中に独立に分散した形態をとることができる。この場合、有機被覆ナノ粒子の特別な集積体は形成されない。とりわけ相溶性が低い場合、球状のランダム集積体を形成する場合もあるが、この分散性は液晶性化合物の性質に大きく依存する。これに対してディスコティック液晶など長距離にわたり一次元的なカラム層を安定に形成するような液晶性化合物中においては、アイソトロピック相まで加熱させ、ゆっくりと液晶相温度領域まで温度を降下させることにより有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は液晶の配向にそってに配列するが、円盤状液晶分子のアルキル鎖の長さや液晶温度により高度な配向を促進できる。有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の配列体は、例えば、一次元的に配列した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が同軸方向に並んだ形状をとることができる。これらの配列体又は凝集体は、表示素子としての液晶性化合物において、高視野角や電場に対する高速応答を付与する。またナノ粒子が高秩序に並んだカラーフィルターや二色性を示す。 The organic coated inorganic nanoparticles are added to the liquid crystalline compound at a concentration of 0.001 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, preferably in the form of a powder. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles added to the liquid crystal compound can be present relatively stably in the temperature range showing the liquid crystal phase after being uniformly dispersed in the liquid crystal compound in the isotropic state (the conventionally known organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles). Nanoparticles are not very stable). In the case of a liquid crystalline compound having a low structural order such as a nematic liquid crystalline compound, the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can take a form of being dispersed independently in a uniaxially oriented liquid crystal, for example. In this case, no special aggregate of organic coated nanoparticles is formed. In particular, when the compatibility is low, a spherical random aggregate may be formed, but this dispersibility largely depends on the properties of the liquid crystal compound. On the other hand, in a liquid crystalline compound that stably forms a one-dimensional column layer over a long distance such as a discotic liquid crystal, the temperature is slowly lowered to the temperature range of the liquid crystal phase by heating to the isotropic phase. Thus, the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are aligned along the alignment of the liquid crystal, but a high degree of alignment can be promoted by the length of the alkyl chain of the discotic liquid crystal molecule and the liquid crystal temperature. The array of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can take, for example, a shape in which organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles arranged one-dimensionally are arranged in the same direction. These arrays or aggregates impart a high viewing angle and a high-speed response to an electric field in a liquid crystal compound as a display element. In addition, it exhibits highly ordered color filters and dichroism.
液晶性化合物中での有機被覆無機ナノ粒子配列体又は凝集体は、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子をアイソトロピック状態の液晶性化合物中に分散させた後、これを液晶相を示す温度領域にすることによって得ることができる。 An organic coated inorganic nanoparticle array or aggregate in a liquid crystalline compound is obtained by dispersing the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles in a liquid crystalline compound in an isotropic state, and then making this into a temperature region showing a liquid crystal phase. Obtainable.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、液晶性化合物以外の各種液状媒体中にも良好に分散し、分散体となる。従来公知の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子も、分散量は少ないものの、同様に分散する。ここで、分散体とは、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が独立あるいは数百個の集合状態を形成しながら、分散し、沈殿を生じない分散液を意味する。液状媒体としては、液体又は液状であり、かつ有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を破壊しない媒体であれば限定されないが、例えば、有機溶媒、重合性液状媒体が挙げられる。有機溶媒として、エタノール、プロパノール、クロロホルム、トルエンなどが挙げられる。重合性液状媒体として、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、イソボルニルアクリレート（ＩＢ）、ベンジルアクリレート（Ｂｚ）、あるいはこれらのメタクリレート体などがあげられる。その他、重合性液状媒体としては、例えば、エポキシ化合物（エピクロロヒドリン：ＥＣＨ）、オキセタン化合物などがあげられる。オキセタン化合物（ＯＸＴ−２２１、ＯＸＴ−２１１、ＯＸＴ−２１２、ＯＸＴ−１０１、ＣＥＬ−２０２１Ｐ、ＣＥＬ−２０００、ＣＥＬ−３０００（東亞合成））は、たとえば以下の分子構造を有し得る。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are well dispersed in various liquid media other than the liquid crystalline compound to form a dispersion. Conventionally known organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are also dispersed in a similar manner although the amount of dispersion is small. Here, the dispersion means a dispersion in which the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are dispersed while forming independent or several hundred aggregated states, and no precipitation occurs. The liquid medium is not limited as long as it is a liquid or a liquid and does not destroy the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles, and examples thereof include an organic solvent and a polymerizable liquid medium. Examples of the organic solvent include ethanol, propanol, chloroform, and toluene. Examples of the polymerizable liquid medium include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate (IB), benzyl acrylate (Bz), and methacrylates thereof. In addition, examples of the polymerizable liquid medium include an epoxy compound (epichlorohydrin: ECH) and an oxetane compound. An oxetane compound (OXT-221, OXT-211, OXT-212, OXT-101, CEL-2021P, CEL-2000, CEL-3000 (Toagosei)) may have the following molecular structure, for example.
重合性液状媒体として、さらに、光架橋性樹脂を挙げることができる。光架橋性樹脂としては、紫外線及び可視光の照射で硬化（架橋）が可能で、（メタ）アクリレート系オリゴマー、（メタ）アクリレート系モノマーまたはそれらの混合物と、これらのオリゴマー、モノマー、またはそれらの混合物を重合硬化させるのに十分な量の光重合開始剤（ａ）とを主成分としているもの、及びエポキシ基含有化合物、ビニル化合物、オキセタン環を有する化合物、脂環式エポキシ化合物またはそれらの混合物と、これら化合物又はその混合物を重合硬化させるのに十分な量の光重合開始剤（ｂ）とを主成分としているものが用いられる。 Examples of the polymerizable liquid medium further include a photocrosslinkable resin. As the photocrosslinkable resin, curing (crosslinking) is possible by irradiation with ultraviolet rays and visible light, and (meth) acrylate oligomers, (meth) acrylate monomers or mixtures thereof, and these oligomers, monomers, or theirs Those having as a main component a photopolymerization initiator (a) in an amount sufficient to polymerize and cure the mixture, and epoxy group-containing compounds, vinyl compounds, compounds having an oxetane ring, alicyclic epoxy compounds, or mixtures thereof And a photopolymerization initiator (b) in an amount sufficient to polymerize and cure these compounds or a mixture thereof.
上記（メタ）アクリレート系オリゴマーは、（メタ）アクリレート基を分子末端または側鎖に１つ以上有するオリゴマーであり、例えば、ウレタン（メタ）アクリレート、エポキシ（メタ）アクリレート、ポリエステル（メタ）アクリレート、メラミン（メタ）アクリレート等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。 The (meth) acrylate-based oligomer is an oligomer having at least one (meth) acrylate group at the molecular end or side chain. For example, urethane (meth) acrylate, epoxy (meth) acrylate, polyester (meth) acrylate, melamine (Meth) acrylate and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記（メタ）アクリレート系モノマーは、（メタ）アクリレート基を分子末端または側鎖に１つ以上有するモノマーであり、例えば、ジシクロペンタジエンモノ（メタ）アクリレート、ジシクロペンタジエンエトキシ（メタ）アクリレート、イソボニル（メタ）アクリレート、シクロヘキシル（メタ）アクリレート、２−ヒドロキシエチル（メタ）アクリレート、２−ヒドロキシプロピル（メタ）アクリレート、Ｎ−ビニルピロリドン、ジエチレングリコールジ（メタ）アクリレート等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。 The (meth) acrylate monomer is a monomer having one or more (meth) acrylate groups at the molecular end or side chain. For example, dicyclopentadiene mono (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentadieneethoxy (meth) acrylate, isobonyl There are (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記光重合開始剤（ａ）は、波長２００〜６００ｎｍの紫外線及び可視光領域の光を照射することで活性ラジカルを発生し重合反応を進行させるもので、ベンゾイン、ベンゾインエチルエーテルなどのベンゾイン系光重合開始剤、ジエトキシアセトフェノンなどのアセトフェノン系光重合開始剤、チオキサントン、ジエチルチオキサントンなどのチオキサントン計光重合開始剤等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。光重合開始剤の添加量は、（メタ）アクリレート系オリゴマー、（メタ）アクリレート系モノマー、またはそれらの混合物１００重量％に対して、０．０１〜２０重量％で使用される。 The photopolymerization initiator (a) generates an active radical by irradiating with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 to 600 nm and light in the visible light region to advance a polymerization reaction. The benzoin light such as benzoin or benzoin ethyl ether is used. There are polymerization initiators, acetophenone photopolymerization initiators such as diethoxyacetophenone, and thioxanthone meter photopolymerization initiators such as thioxanthone and diethylthioxanthone. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.01 to 20% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the (meth) acrylate oligomer, (meth) acrylate monomer, or a mixture thereof.
上記エポキシ基含有化合物は、１分子中に１個以上のエポキシ基を有するオリゴマーであり、例えば、ビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂、ナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂、ノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ポリグリシジルエーテル、脂環式エポキサイド、ヒトダイン系エポキシ樹脂、グリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、ダイマー酸変性エポキシ樹脂、ＮＢＲ変性エポキシ樹脂、ＣＴＢＮ変性エポキシ樹脂等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。 The epoxy group-containing compound is an oligomer having one or more epoxy groups in one molecule. For example, bisphenol type epoxy resin, naphthalene type epoxy resin, novolac type epoxy resin, polyglycidyl ether, alicyclic epoxide, human dyne Type epoxy resin, glycidylamine type epoxy resin, dimer acid modified epoxy resin, NBR modified epoxy resin, CTBN modified epoxy resin and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記ビニル化合物は、例えば、アルキルビニルエーテル類、スチレン、アルキニルビニルエーテル類、アリールビニルエーテル類、ルキルジビニルエーテール類等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。 Examples of the vinyl compound include alkyl vinyl ethers, styrene, alkynyl vinyl ethers, aryl vinyl ethers, and alkyl divinyl ethers. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
オキセタン環を有する化合物は、例えば、オキセタンアルコール、キシリレンジオキセタン、アリルオキセタン、オキセタニルシルセスオキサン、トリエトキシシリルプロポキシオキセタン等がある。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。 Examples of the compound having an oxetane ring include oxetane alcohol, xylylene oxetane, allyl oxetane, oxetanylsilsesoxane, triethoxysilylpropoxyoxetane, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記光重合開始剤（ｂ）とは、波長２００〜６００ｎｍの紫外線及び可視光領域の光を照射することで酸を発生し、発生した酸を触媒にすることで重合反応を進行させるもので、スルホニウム塩、ヨードニウム塩、ジアゾニウム塩、アジド化合物、スルホン酸エステル化合物等がある。例えばトリアリルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロアンチモン類縁体、トリアリルスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート類縁体、Ｐ，Ｐ−ジアルキルジアリルヨードニウム塩ヘキサフルオロアンチモン類縁体、Ｐ，Ｐ−ジアルキルジアリルヨードニウム塩ヘキサフルオロホスフェート類縁体等が挙げられる。これらを単独または２種類以上併用して用いることができる。光重合開始剤の添加量は、エポキシ基含有化合物、ビニル化合物オキセタン環を有する化合物またはそれらの混合物１００重量％に対して、０．０１〜２０重量％使用される。 The photopolymerization initiator (b) is one that generates an acid by irradiating ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 to 600 nm and light in a visible light region, and causes the polymerization reaction to proceed by using the generated acid as a catalyst. There are sulfonium salts, iodonium salts, diazonium salts, azide compounds, sulfonic acid ester compounds, and the like. Examples include triallylsulfonium hexafluoroantimony analogs, triallylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate analogues, P, P-dialkyldiallyliodonium salt hexafluoroantimony analogues, P, P-dialkyldiallyliodonium salt hexafluorophosphate analogues, and the like. . These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The addition amount of the photopolymerization initiator is 0.01 to 20% by weight based on 100% by weight of the epoxy group-containing compound, the compound having a vinyl compound oxetane ring, or a mixture thereof.
有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、液晶以外の液状媒体中に０．００１〜５０重量％、好ましくは１〜５０重量％の濃度で添加する。有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、加熱することでより多くの量を液状媒体中に分散できる。この分散は、液状媒体をより高温加熱することにより強化又は促進しうる。加熱温度は、液状媒体により変化するが、例えば、０〜１５０℃、好ましくは６０℃〜各溶媒の沸点近くの温度である。この分散体は、冷却により凝集させて凝集体とすることができる。ここで、凝集体とは、数個から数百個の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子がランダム形状、主に球状に集積した塊を意味する。分散体又は凝集体は、加熱冷却の繰り返しによって、何度も分散と凝集を可逆的に繰り返し行うことができるという特性を有する。冷却温度又は加熱温度を変化することにより、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の分散・凝集状態を任意かつ連続的に制御できる。従来公知の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子も、分散量は少ないものの、同様に分散・凝集させることができる。 The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are added in a liquid medium other than liquid crystal at a concentration of 0.001 to 50% by weight, preferably 1 to 50% by weight. A larger amount of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can be dispersed in the liquid medium by heating. This dispersion can be enhanced or promoted by heating the liquid medium at a higher temperature. Although heating temperature changes with liquid media, it is 0-150 degreeC, for example, Preferably it is the temperature near the boiling point of each solvent-60 degreeC. This dispersion can be aggregated by cooling to form an aggregate. Here, the aggregate means a mass in which several to several hundred organic coated inorganic nanoparticles are accumulated in a random shape, mainly in a spherical shape. Dispersions or aggregates have the property that they can be reversibly and repeatedly dispersed many times by repeated heating and cooling. By changing the cooling temperature or the heating temperature, the dispersion / aggregation state of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can be arbitrarily and continuously controlled. Conventionally known organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can also be dispersed and agglomerated in the same manner although the amount of dispersion is small.
有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を重合性液状媒体に加熱して分散させることにより、重合性液状媒体中に分散した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体を得ることができる。重合性液状媒体中に分散した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体は、該重合性液状媒体を加熱、光の照射等により重合、硬化することにより、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が重合性液状媒体の硬化物である樹脂中に分散した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体−樹脂複合体とすることができる。重合、硬化は、各重合性液状媒体に応じて、当業者に公知の方法で行い得る。 An organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion dispersed in the polymerizable liquid medium can be obtained by heating and dispersing the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in the polymerizable liquid medium. An organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion dispersed in a polymerizable liquid medium is obtained by polymerizing and curing the polymerizable liquid medium by heating, irradiation with light, etc., so that the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are cured from the polymerizable liquid medium. It is possible to obtain an organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion-resin composite dispersed in a resin. Polymerization and curing can be performed by methods known to those skilled in the art according to each polymerizable liquid medium.
また、重合性液状媒体中に分散した有機被覆無機ナノ粒子分散体は、その冷却過程において形成される有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の凝集体のサイズを冷却温度により制御しながら、分散媒である重合性液状媒体を硬化して凝集状態の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体とすることができる。有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体は、分散と凝集を制御しつつ硬化できるので、任意の分散・凝集状態の複合体が得られるという特性を有する。また、硬化により得られた複合体を硬化後により高温の加熱処理により無機ナノ粒子を融合させ、電気伝導性や熱伝導性を樹脂複合体に付与できる。 In addition, the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle dispersion dispersed in the polymerizable liquid medium is controlled by controlling the size of the aggregate of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles formed in the cooling process by the cooling temperature, and the polymerizable polymer that is the dispersion medium. The liquid medium can be cured to form an aggregated organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite. Since the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite can be cured while controlling dispersion and aggregation, it has a characteristic that a composite in an arbitrary dispersed / aggregated state can be obtained. In addition, the composite obtained by curing can be fused with inorganic nanoparticles by a high-temperature heat treatment after curing, thereby imparting electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity to the resin composite.
本発明は、さらに、有機被覆分子によって被覆された有機被覆無機ナノ粒子（従来公知の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を含む）の液状媒体中での分散・凝集を制御する方法も含み、この方法は、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を液状媒体に加熱して分散させた後、冷却温度を調整することにより有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の分散・凝集を制御することを含む。得られた凝集体の加熱温度を調整することにより、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の分散・凝集を制御することも可能である。本発明の液状媒体中の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、分散体と凝集体の間を温度調節により相互に変換可能である。 The present invention further includes a method for controlling dispersion / aggregation in a liquid medium of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles (including conventionally known organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles) coated with organic-coated molecules. It includes controlling the dispersion / aggregation of the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles by adjusting the cooling temperature after heating and dispersing the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles in the liquid medium. The dispersion / aggregation of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the obtained aggregate. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in the liquid medium of the present invention can be mutually converted between the dispersion and the aggregate by adjusting the temperature.
以下の化合物を有機被覆剤として合成した。 The following compounds were synthesized as organic coatings.
実施例１ 有機被覆分子１，２−ジチオラン−３−ペンタン酸 ９−オクタデセニルアミド（ＩＩ）とその他の誘導体（ＩＩＩ）および（ＩＶ）の合成
５００ml三角フラスコにα−ＤＬ−リポ酸（Ｍｗ：２０６．３３）１０ｇ（４８．４mmol）、Ｎ，Ｎ−ビス（２−オキソ−３−オキサゾリジニル）ホスフィン酸クロリド［東京化成Ｍｗ：２５４．５７］１２．３ｇ（４８．４mmol）を入れ、ジクロロメタン７５mlを加え、さらにトリエチルアミン［関東化学Ｍｗ：１０１．１９］１０．１９ｇ（１００mmol）を加え氷冷下で１時間攪拌した。次に、ジクロロメタン１００mlにトリエチルアミン５０．１ｇ（５０．０mmol）、蒸留精製した９−オクタデセニルアミン［Ｍｗ：２６７］１２．９ｇ（４８．４mmol）を加えたものを滴下ロートにより９０分かけて滴下した。その後、５時間攪拌し、イオン交換水１００mlを加え塩酸水溶液によりｐＨ５程度にして過剰のトリエチルアミンを水相に移した。分液漏斗により有機相を分取し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え乾燥させた。溶媒のジクロロメタンを減圧留去し、メタノールにより再結晶を行い、淡黄色粉末を得た。得られた生成物を同定するためＦＴ−ＩＲ測定ならびに１Ｈ−ＮＭＲ、元素分析測定を行い、化合物（ＩＩ）であることを確かめた。
Example 1 Synthesis of Organic Coated Molecule 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic Acid 9-Octadecenylamide (II) and Other Derivatives (III) and (IV) α-DL-Lipoic Acid ( Mw: 206.33) 10 g (48.4 mmol), N, N-bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphinic acid chloride [Tokyo Kasei Mw: 254.57] 12.3 g (48.4 mmol) Dichloromethane (75 ml) was added, and further triethylamine [Kanto Chemical Mw: 101.19] (10.19 g, 100 mmol) was added, followed by stirring under ice cooling for 1 hour. Next, 50.1 g (50.0 mmol) of triethylamine and 12.9 g (48.4 mmol) of 9-octadecenylamine [Mw: 267] purified by distillation were added to 100 ml of dichloromethane over 90 minutes with a dropping funnel. It was dripped. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, 100 ml of ion exchange water was added, the pH was adjusted to about 5 with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and excess triethylamine was transferred to the aqueous phase. The organic phase was separated with a separatory funnel and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure, and recrystallization was performed with methanol to obtain a pale yellow powder. In order to identify the obtained product, FT-IR measurement, 1 H-NMR, and elemental analysis measurement were performed to confirm that it was the compound (II).
同様の手順に従い、原料アミンをオクタデシルアミン、ドデシルアミンに代えて（ＩＩＩ）および（ＩＶ）を合成した。 According to the same procedure, (III) and (IV) were synthesized by replacing the starting amine with octadecylamine and dodecylamine.
実施例２ 有機被覆分子１，２−ジチオラン−３−ペンタン酸 ９−オクタデセニルエステル（Ｖ）とその他の誘導体（ＶＩ）および（ＶＩＩ）の合成
５００ml三角フラスコにα−ＤＬ−リポ酸（Ｍｗ：２０６．３３）１０ｇ（４８．４mmol）、蒸留精製した９−オクタデセニルアルコール［Ｍｗ：２６８．４８］１３．０ｇ（４８．４mmol）、触媒量のｐ−トルエンスルホン酸・一水和物［Ｍｗ：１９０．２２］を入れ、トルエン３００mlを加え、この容器にディーンスタークトラップを付して６時間加熱還流攪拌した。溶媒を減圧留去した後、クロロホルムに溶解させ、５ｗｔ％炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液２００mlと３回振とうし、分液漏斗により有機相を分取した。クロロホルム相に無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え乾燥させた。これをろ過した後、溶媒のクロロホルムを減圧留去し、水−メタノール混合溶媒により再結晶を行い、淡黄色粉末を得た。得られた生成物を同定するためＦＴ−ＩＲ測定ならびに１Ｈ−ＮＭＲ、元素分析測定を行い、化合物（Ｖ）であることを確かめた。
Example 2 Synthesis of organic coated molecule 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid 9-octadecenyl ester (V) and other derivatives (VI) and (VII) α-DL-lipoic acid (Mw) in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask : 206.33) 10 g (48.4 mmol), distilled purified 9-octadecenyl alcohol [Mw: 268.48] 13.0 g (48.4 mmol), catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate The product [Mw: 190.22] was added, 300 ml of toluene was added, and a Dean-Stark trap was attached to this container, and the mixture was heated to reflux with stirring for 6 hours. After distilling off the solvent under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in chloroform, shaken with 200 ml of 5 wt% aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution three times, and the organic phase was separated by a separatory funnel. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the chloroform phase and dried. After filtration, the solvent chloroform was distilled off under reduced pressure, and recrystallization was performed with a water-methanol mixed solvent to obtain a pale yellow powder. In order to identify the obtained product, FT-IR measurement, 1 H-NMR, and elemental analysis measurement were performed to confirm that it was the compound (V).
同様の手順に従い、原料アミンをオクタデシルアルコール、ドデシルアルコールに代えて（ＶＩ）および（ＶＩＩ）を合成した。 According to the same procedure, (VI) and (VII) were synthesized by replacing the starting amine with octadecyl alcohol and dodecyl alcohol.
実施例３ 有機被覆剤分子ビス［９−オクタデセノイルアミノエチル］ジスルフィド（ＶＩＩＩ）の合成
５００ml三角フラスコに蒸留精製した１−カルボキシ−９−オクタデセン［Ｍｗ：２９６］５．８ｇ（１９．７mmol）、Ｎ，Ｎ−ビス（２−オキソ−３−オキサゾリジニル）ホスフィン酸クロリド［東京化成Ｍｗ：２５４．５７］５．０ｇ（１９．７mmol）を入れ、ジクロロメタン７５mlを加え、さらにトリエチルアミン［関東化学Ｍｗ：１０１．１９］４．０ｇ（４０mmol）を加え氷冷下で１時間攪拌した。次に、ジクロロメタン１００mlにシスタミン（Ｍｗ：１５２．０４）３ｇ（１９．７mmol）、トリエチルアミン４．０ｇ（４０．０mmol）を加えたものを滴下ロートにより９０分かけて滴下した。その後、５時間攪拌し、イオン交換水１００mlを加え塩酸水溶液によりｐＨ５程度にして過剰のトリエチルアミンを水相に移した。分液漏斗により有機相を分取し、無水硫酸ナトリウムを加え乾燥させた。溶媒のジクロロメタンを減圧留去し、メタノールにより再結晶を行い、淡黄色粉末を得た。得られた生成物を同定するためＦＴ−ＩＲ測定ならびに１Ｈ−ＮＭＲ、元素分析測定を行い、化合物（ＶＩＩＩ）であることを確かめた。
Example 3 Synthesis of organic coating molecule bis [9-octadecenoylaminoethyl] disulfide (VIII) 5.8 g (19.7 mmol) of 1-carboxy-9-octadecene [Mw: 296] purified by distillation in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask ), N, N-bis (2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl) phosphinic chloride [Tokyo Kasei Mw: 254.57] 5.0 g (19.7 mmol) is added, 75 ml of dichloromethane is added, and further triethylamine [Kanto Chemical Mw. : 101.19] 4.0 g (40 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour under ice cooling. Next, a solution obtained by adding 3 g (19.7 mmol) of cystamine (Mw: 152.04) and 4.0 g (40.0 mmol) of triethylamine to 100 ml of dichloromethane was dropped by a dropping funnel over 90 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours, 100 ml of ion-exchanged water was added, the pH was adjusted to about 5 with an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and excess triethylamine was transferred to the aqueous phase. The organic phase was separated with a separatory funnel and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure, and recrystallization was performed with methanol to obtain a pale yellow powder. In order to identify the obtained product, FT-IR measurement, 1 H-NMR, and elemental analysis measurement were performed to confirm that it was the compound (VIII).
実施例４ 有機被覆金ナノ粒子の調製
特に硫黄を吸着部位とする有機被覆剤に対して安定なナノ粒子を形成する金属種である金（塩化金酸）を用いて有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を作成した。
Example 4 Preparation of organic-coated gold nanoparticles Organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles were prepared using gold (chloroauric acid), a metal species that forms stable nanoparticles, especially for organic coatings that use sulfur as the adsorption site. did.
５００ml容三角フラスコにテトラ‐ｎ‐オクチルアンモニウムブロミド（ＴＯＡＢ）のトルエン溶液（５０ｍＭ、８０ml）を取り、ホットスターラーを用いて２０℃で撹拌しながらテトラクロロ金（ＩＩＩ）酸四水和物水溶液（３０ｍＭ、３０ml）を加えた。有機層の液色が赤色を呈し、ＡｕＣｌ４ −が有機層に移行したことを確認した後、さらに激しく撹拌しながら水素化ホウ素ナトリウム水溶液（０．４Ｍ、２５ml）を少量ずつ加えた。液色は赤色から黒赤色へと変化した。次に化合物（ＩＩ）１９１mg（ＭＷ：４５５．８１、（ＩＩ）：Ａｕ：＝：０．４２mmol ｅｑ．）を加え撹拌を続けた。３時間以上撹拌した後、分液漏斗により有機層を分取した。さらにロータリーエバポレーターにより約１０mlまで減圧濃縮した。エタノールを加えて沈澱を生成させ、これをメンブレンフィルターで濾過し、さらに温エタノール（５０℃）にて３回洗浄し、黒色粉末を得た。 Take a toluene solution (50 mM, 80 ml) of tetra-n-octylammonium bromide (TOAB) in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask and stir at 20 ° C. using a hot stirrer with an aqueous tetrachloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate solution ( 30 mM, 30 ml) was added. After confirming that the liquid color of the organic layer was red and that AuCl 4 − was transferred to the organic layer, an aqueous sodium borohydride solution (0.4 M, 25 ml) was added little by little with vigorous stirring. The liquid color changed from red to black-red. Next, 191 mg of compound (II) (MW: 455.81, (II): Au: =: 0.42 mmol eq.) Was added and stirring was continued. After stirring for 3 hours or more, the organic layer was separated by a separatory funnel. Further, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to about 10 ml by a rotary evaporator. Ethanol was added to form a precipitate, which was filtered through a membrane filter and further washed three times with warm ethanol (50 ° C.) to obtain a black powder.
この手順と全く同様な方法にて化合物（ＩＩ）に代えて化合物（ＩＩＩ）、（ＩＶ）、（Ｖ）、（ＶＩ）（ＶＩＩ）を用いて下表の条件で金ナノ粒子を作成した。この際、それぞれの被覆分子について２０℃での調製と６０度での調製を行った。 Gold nanoparticles were prepared under the conditions shown in the table below using compounds (III), (IV), (V), (VI) (VII) instead of compound (II) in the same manner as this procedure. At this time, each coating molecule was prepared at 20 ° C. and 60 ° C.
なお、金ナノ粒子表面に吸着した際の有機被覆分子の占有面積は、金ナノ粒子の粒子径や調製条件にもよるが、４０〜７０Å２程度であり、各有機被覆分子の炭化水素鎖の最大断面積は、概ね１９〜２１Å２程度であるため、該占有面積は、それぞれ、該最大断面積の約２倍以上であった。 In addition, the occupation area of the organic coating molecules when adsorbed on the gold nanoparticle surface is about 40 to 70 2 depending on the particle diameter and preparation conditions of the gold nanoparticles, and the hydrocarbon chain of each organic coating molecule maximum cross-sectional area are the generally 19～21A 2 about,該占chromatic area, respectively, were about 2-fold or more said maximum cross-sectional area.
参考例１
５００ml容三角フラスコにテトラ‐ｎ‐オクチルアンモニウムブロミド（ＴＯＡＢ）のトルエン溶液（５０ｍＭ、８０ml）を取り、マグネチックスターラーを用いて２０℃および６０℃で撹拌しながらテトラクロロ金（ＩＩＩ）酸四水和物水溶液（３０ｍＭ、３０ml）を加えた。有機層の液色が赤色を呈し、ＡｕＣｌ４ −が有機層に移行したことを確認した後、ドデカンチオール１７０mg（ＭＷ：２０２．４６、０．８４mmol）を加え撹拌を続けた。さらに激しく撹拌しながら水素化ホウ素ナトリウム水溶液（０．４Ｍ、２５ml）を少量ずつ加えた。液色は赤色から黒赤色へと変化した。
Reference example 1
Take a toluene solution (50 mM, 80 ml) of tetra-n-octylammonium bromide (TOAB) in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, and stir at 20 ° C. and 60 ° C. using a magnetic stirrer while stirring tetrachloroauric (III) acid tetrahydrate. A Japanese aqueous solution (30 mM, 30 ml) was added. After confirming that the liquid color of the organic layer was red and AuCl 4 − was transferred to the organic layer, 170 mg of dodecanethiol (MW: 202.46, 0.84 mmol) was added and stirring was continued. With further vigorous stirring, an aqueous sodium borohydride solution (0.4M, 25 ml) was added in small portions. The liquid color changed from red to black-red.
３時間以上撹拌した後、分液漏斗により有機層を分取した。さらにロータリーエバポレーターにより約１０mlまで減圧濃縮した。エタノールを加えて、沈澱を生成させ、これをメンブレンフィルターで濾過して回収した。 After stirring for 3 hours or more, the organic layer was separated by a separatory funnel. Further, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to about 10 ml by a rotary evaporator. Ethanol was added to form a precipitate, which was collected by filtration through a membrane filter.
この手順と全く同様な方法にてドデカンチオール（ＤＴ）に代えてオクタデカンチオール（ＯＤＴ）、（ＶＩＩＩ）を用いて下表の条件で金ナノ粒子を作成した。この際、それぞれの被覆分子について２０℃での調製と６０℃での調製を行った。 Gold nanoparticles were prepared under the conditions shown in the table below using octadecanthiol (ODT) and (VIII) instead of dodecanethiol (DT) in the same manner as this procedure. At this time, each coating molecule was prepared at 20 ° C. and 60 ° C.
その結果は下表に示した。 The results are shown in the table below.
なお、金ナノ粒子表面に吸着した際の有機被覆分子の占有面積は、金ナノ粒子の粒子径や調製条件にもよるが、１７〜２０Å２程度であり、各有機被覆分子の炭化水素鎖の最大断面積は、概ね１９〜２１Å２程度であるため、該占有面積は、それぞれ、該最大断面積の約１．０倍程度であった。 In addition, the occupation area of the organic coating molecule when adsorbed on the gold nanoparticle surface is about 17 to 20 cm 2 depending on the particle size and preparation conditions of the gold nanoparticle, and the hydrocarbon chain of each organic coating molecule is maximum cross-sectional area are the generally 19～21A 2 about,該占chromatic area, respectively, it was about 1.0 times the said maximum cross-sectional area.
実施例５ 液晶性化合物中の有機被覆金ナノ粒子配列体の製造
実施例２および参考例１にて作成した有機被覆金ナノ粒子の粉末をそれぞれ、所定量（液晶性化合物によるが概ね、１〜１００mg）取り、液晶性化合物（５０〜１０００mg）中に添加し、一旦、各液晶性化合物がアイソトロピック状態を十分に示す温度まで加熱してよく撹拌し、一時間ほどその温度を保持した。さらに各液晶性化合物においてアイソトロピック温度と液晶状態の温度に一時間保持してで、上澄みを採取（場合によっては０．２ミクロンのミリポアフィルターによって濾液を採取）して、直接重量測定、またはＴＧ測定により、金属含有量を算出した。
Example 5 Production of Organic Coated Gold Nanoparticle Array in Liquid Crystalline Compound Each of the organic coated gold nanoparticle powders prepared in Example 2 and Reference Example 1 was given a predetermined amount (depending on the liquid crystalline compound, 100 mg), added to a liquid crystal compound (50 to 1000 mg), and once heated to a temperature at which each liquid crystal compound sufficiently exhibits an isotropic state, the mixture was stirred well, and the temperature was maintained for about 1 hour. Further, each liquid crystalline compound is kept at the isotropic temperature and the liquid crystal state for one hour, and the supernatant is collected (in some cases, the filtrate is collected by a 0.2 micron Millipore filter) and directly weighed or TG The metal content was calculated by measurement.
用いた液晶性化合物は、次のとおりである。４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルビフェニル（５ＣＢ）、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルオキシビフェニル（５ＯＣＢ）、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−オクチルビフェニル（８ＣＢ）、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルビフェニル、（８ＯＣＢ）、コレステリルステアレート、コレステリルオレート、コレステリルペラルゴネート、２，３．６，７，１０，１１−ヘキサアルコキシトリフェニレン（アルコキシ基は、それぞれ−Ｏ（ＣＨ２）ｎＣＨ３で表され、ｎ＝５，７，９，１１，１３，１５，１７である） The liquid crystal compounds used are as follows. 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), 4-cyano-4′-n-pentyloxybiphenyl (5OCB), 4-cyano-4′-n-octylbiphenyl (8CB), 4-cyano- 4′-n-pentylbiphenyl, (8OCB), cholesteryl stearate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl pelargonate, 2,3.6,7,10,11-hexaalkoxytriphenylene (the alkoxy group is —O (CH 2 ), respectively) (represented by nCH 3 and n = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17)
いずれの液晶性化合物に対しても、有機被覆金ナノ粒子は、通常の有機溶媒のように室温で直接的に高分散することは難しく（但し分散しないわけではない）、一旦加熱によりアイソトロピック状態にすることが不可欠であった（図２）。 For any liquid crystalline compound, organic coated gold nanoparticles are difficult to disperse directly at room temperature (but not disperse) like ordinary organic solvents. It was indispensable (Figure 2).
それぞれ上記の表に示したとおり、本発明の有機被覆金ナノ粒子は、従来よく用いられていた有機被覆分子中にある吸着官能基が一個に対して一本のアルキル鎖があるようなタイプに比べ、高い分散性を示した。また有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の分散性は、無機ナノ粒子の無機核径に大きく依存することが明らかとなった。コレステリック液晶性化合物に対しても同様な結果を得た。 As shown in the above table, the organic-coated gold nanoparticles of the present invention are of a type in which one adsorbing functional group in an organic-coated molecule, which has been conventionally used, has one alkyl chain for one. Compared with that, it showed high dispersibility. Moreover, it became clear that the dispersibility of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles greatly depends on the inorganic core diameter of the inorganic nanoparticles. Similar results were obtained for cholesteric liquid crystalline compounds.
液晶性化合物中で、本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が、どのような状態で分散しているかを確認するために、透過型電子顕微鏡による観察を行った。上記Ａｕ（ＩＩ）６０と数種の液晶性化合物との複合体の一例を示す。液晶性化合物として、４−シアノ−４’−ｎ−ペンチルビフェニル（５ＣＢ）を用いた場合、この金ナノ粒子と混合させ（５ｗｔ％）、パスツールピペットでカーボン蒸着した電子顕微鏡測定用の銅グリッド（ＴＥＭグリッド）上に溶液を一滴滴下して、一旦アイソトロピック相まで加熱した。このときＴＥＭグリッドおよびピペットは、あらかじめ乾燥器内で溶液と同じ温度に加熱しておいた。さらに、この溶液を室温まで冷却してＴＥＭ観察試料を作製した。これらを透過型電子顕微鏡で観察した。得られた観察結果を図３に示す。５ＣＢはネマティック相を示す液晶性化合物で、マクロな配向を有するが、規則構造を特に持たない液晶性化合物である。従って、金ナノ粒子は、５ＣＢ中で特に配列することはなかったが、粒子一つ一つは独立に分散しており、集合体を形成しないことが分かった。特に今回用いたトリフェニレン誘導体液晶性化合物では、本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子のみが分散した。 In order to confirm in what state the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention are dispersed in the liquid crystal compound, observation was performed with a transmission electron microscope. An example of the complex of Au (II) 60 and several liquid crystalline compounds will be shown. When 4-cyano-4′-n-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) is used as the liquid crystalline compound, it is mixed with this gold nanoparticle (5 wt%) and carbon-deposited with a Pasteur pipette for a copper grid for electron microscope measurement One drop of the solution was dropped on the (TEM grid) and once heated to the isotropic phase. At this time, the TEM grid and the pipette were previously heated in the dryer to the same temperature as the solution. Further, this solution was cooled to room temperature to prepare a TEM observation sample. These were observed with a transmission electron microscope. The obtained observation results are shown in FIG. 5CB is a liquid crystalline compound exhibiting a nematic phase, which is a liquid crystalline compound having a macro alignment but not having a regular structure. Therefore, the gold nanoparticles were not particularly arranged in 5CB, but it was found that the particles were dispersed independently and did not form an aggregate. In particular, in the triphenylene derivative liquid crystalline compound used this time, only the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention were dispersed.
図４、５，６には２，３．６，７，１０，１１−ヘキサアルコキシトリフェニレン（ｎ＝５，１１）を液晶性化合物分子として用いた場合を示した。試料作成法は、一旦加熱して混合させ、それを滴下して、もう一度グリッド上で加熱することで調製した。２，３．６，７，１０，１１−ヘキサドデシルオキシトリフェニレンを媒体とした場合、観察時は、温度をかけることができないため、結晶状態を観察することになる。しかしながら、結晶状態で、ナノ粒子は拡散できないと考えられるため、液晶状態が、冷却によってそのまま結晶状態になっており、液晶状態のナノ粒子の分散状態が保持されているものと考えられる。 FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show the case where 2,3.6,7,10,11-hexaalkoxytriphenylene (n = 5, 11) is used as the liquid crystal compound molecule. The sample preparation method was prepared by once heating and mixing, dropping it, and heating on the grid once again. When 2,3.6,7,10,11-hexadodecyloxytriphenylene is used as the medium, the temperature cannot be applied during observation, and the crystal state is observed. However, since it is considered that the nanoparticles cannot be diffused in the crystalline state, the liquid crystal state is in the crystalline state as it is by cooling, and it is considered that the dispersed state of the nanoparticles in the liquid crystal state is maintained.
図４に１０ｗｔ％で金ナノ粒子が分散した状態のものを示した。重なり合って液晶性化合物のカラム相の一本は観察できないものの、一軸配向して金ナノ粒子が配列していることが分かる。これをより鮮明に見るために、２ｗｔ％の試料を調製して観察したところ、やはりナノ粒子が一次元的に配列しているのが分かる。また液晶性化合物のドメインサイズに従って一次元配向しているドメインがナノ粒子の配列によって見て取ることができる（図５）。図６に示されるように２，３．６，７，１０，１１−ヘキサヘキシルオキシトリフェニレン中に分散した金ナノ粒子も一次元状に配列し、その一次元配列構造が束なっている様子が観察された。図７に示されるように、配向性の強いディスコティック液晶性化合物中では、アイソトロピック状態ではランダムに分散し、冷却時にはカラムにそってナノ粒子が配列するものと思われる。液晶性化合物も通常の液状媒体と同様に有機被覆無機ナノ粒子を高濃度に分散させうることが分かった。これは、液晶性化合物媒体でも被覆分子の効果的な溶媒和が大きく働いているものと考えられる（図８）。また（Ｖ）〜（ＶＩＩ）のエステル結合型の化合物においてもアミド結合型化合物（ＩＩ）〜（ＩＶ）とほぼ同様の結果を得た。 FIG. 4 shows a state in which gold nanoparticles are dispersed at 10 wt%. Although one column phase of the liquid crystal compound cannot be observed by overlapping, it can be seen that the gold nanoparticles are aligned uniaxially. In order to see this more clearly, when a 2 wt% sample was prepared and observed, it can be seen that the nanoparticles were also one-dimensionally arranged. A domain that is one-dimensionally oriented according to the domain size of the liquid crystal compound can be seen by the arrangement of the nanoparticles (FIG. 5). As shown in FIG. 6, gold nanoparticles dispersed in 2,3.6,7,10,11-hexahexyloxytriphenylene are also arranged one-dimensionally, and the one-dimensional arrangement structure is bundled. Observed. As shown in FIG. 7, in the highly oriented discotic liquid crystal compound, it is considered that the isotropic dispersion is randomly dispersed, and the nanoparticles are arranged along the column during cooling. It was found that the liquid crystalline compound can disperse the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles at a high concentration as in the case of a normal liquid medium. This is considered to be because the effective solvation of the coating molecules is greatly acting even in the liquid crystalline compound medium (FIG. 8). In addition, in the ester bond type compounds (V) to (VII), almost the same results as in the amide bond type compounds (II) to (IV) were obtained.
実施例６ 重合性液状媒体中の有機被覆金ナノ粒子分散体の製法
実施例２および参考例１と同様に調製した金ナノ粒子（４〜５ｎｍ平均粒子径）の粉末をそれぞれ、所定量（モノマーによるが概ね、１〜２００mg）取り、各モノマー１ml中に添加し、ほぼ各モノマーの沸点達するまで加熱してよく撹拌し、加熱状態と２０℃での状態にて保持して、それぞれの状態で上澄みを採取（場合によっては０．２ミクロンのミリポアフィルターによって濾液を採取）して、直接重量測定、またはＴＧ測定により、金属含有量を算出した。
Example 6 Production Method of Organic Coated Gold Nanoparticle Dispersion in Polymerizable Liquid Medium A predetermined amount (monomer) of gold nanoparticles (4 to 5 nm average particle diameter) prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 and Reference Example 1 was used. 1 to 200 mg depending on the condition), added to 1 ml of each monomer, heated until the boiling point of each monomer is reached, stirred well, held in a heated state and at 20 ° C., in each state The supernatant was collected (in some cases, the filtrate was collected by a 0.2 micron Millipore filter), and the metal content was calculated by direct gravimetric measurement or TG measurement.
モノマーとして、メチルアクリレート（ＭＡ）、エチルアクリレート（ＥＡ）、イソボルニルアクリレート（ＩＢ）、ベンジルアクリレート（Ｂｚ）、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート（ＯＨ）、メチルメタクリレート（ＭＭ）及びエチルメタクリレート（ＥＭ）を用いた。 As monomers, methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), isobornyl acrylate (IB), benzyl acrylate (Bz), hydroxyethyl acrylate (OH), methyl methacrylate (MM) and ethyl methacrylate (EM) were used. .
上表にモノマーに関する分散量を示した。ＯＨのように両末端に極性基を持つようなモノマーに関しては、従来型、本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子ともに分散しなかったが、そのほかのモノマーに対しては、上述の液晶性化合物と同様に本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子のほうが、高い分散性を示した。一例として、Ａｕ（ＯＤＴ）室温とＡｕ（ＩＩ）室温のエチルメタクリレート分散液室温での状態概観写真を示した（図９）。室温においてＡｕ（ＯＤＴ）は全く分散性を示さなかったのに対して、Ａｕ（ＩＩ）では５mg／ml以上の高い分散性を示した。エポキシ化合物においても同様の結果が得られた。また（Ｖ）〜（ＶＩＩ）のエステル結合型の化合物においてもアミド結合型化合物（ＩＩ）〜（ＩＶ）とほぼ同様の結果を得た。 The above table shows the amount of dispersion for the monomer. For OH and other monomers having polar groups at both ends, both the conventional type and the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention were not dispersed, but other monomers were the same as the above-mentioned liquid crystalline compounds. In addition, the organic coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention showed higher dispersibility. As an example, an overview photograph of the state of the ethyl methacrylate dispersion at room temperature of Au (ODT) and Au (II) at room temperature is shown (FIG. 9). Au (ODT) showed no dispersibility at room temperature, whereas Au (II) showed a high dispersibility of 5 mg / ml or more. Similar results were obtained with epoxy compounds. In addition, in the ester bond type compounds (V) to (VII), almost the same results as in the amide bond type compounds (II) to (IV) were obtained.
実施例７ 有機被覆無機ナノ粒子−樹脂複合体の製造及び有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の集合・凝集状態の制御
本発明の特徴の一つは、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子と樹脂との複合体の作成が可能なことである。これは本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子はもとより、従来型の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子にも適用が可能である。また実施例６の知見から、室温で分散せずに、加熱時に分散し、加熱冷却の繰り返しにより何度も分散と凝集を繰り返すことができることがわかった。
Example 7 Production of Organic Coated Inorganic Nanoparticle-Resin Composite and Control of Aggregation / Agglomeration State of Organic Coated Inorganic Nanoparticle One of the features of the present invention is that the composite of organic coated inorganic nanoparticle and resin It is possible. This is applicable not only to the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention but also to conventional organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles. Further, from the knowledge of Example 6, it was found that the dispersion can be performed during heating without being dispersed at room temperature, and the dispersion and aggregation can be repeated many times by repeated heating and cooling.
一例として、Ａｕ（ＯＤＴ）の樹脂中における凝集状態の制御、固定化を示す。エチルメタクリレートを液状分散媒として、Ａｕ（ＯＤＴ）２ｇ／ｌの濃度に調節した分散液を作成した。まず、温度によってどのような集合状態を示すかを検討するために、ＵＶ−Ｖｉｓスペクトル測定を行った。これをあらかじめ１００℃程度で加熱しておいた、紫外可視吸収（ＵＶ−Ｖｉｓ）スペクトル用のセル（光路長１０mm）に移し、自然冷却させた。この試料の時間変化、各段階のＵＶ−Ｖｉｓスペクトル測定を行い、金ナノ粒子のプラズモン吸収の変化を観測した（図１０）。有機被覆金ナノ粒子の凝集状態は、おおよそこのプラズモン吸収の変化により議論することができる。分散媒の沸点近くまで加熱することにより、有機被覆金ナノ粒子は、独自に分散し、赤色を呈した。放冷により温度が下がってくるに従って、プラズモン吸収は、長波長側へシフトして、一旦吸収増大を起した。これらの現象は、有機被覆無機ナノ粒子が集合体を形成していることを意味する。また図１１では、その概観図を示した。赤色だった分散液は、少しずつ懸濁して、青みを帯びた色へと変化して行き、最終的には沈殿を生じてきた。これは、時間が経過したことにより温度が変化し、集合状態が変化していることを表している。 As an example, control of the aggregation state of Au (ODT) in a resin and immobilization are shown. Using ethyl methacrylate as a liquid dispersion medium, a dispersion liquid adjusted to a concentration of 2 g / l of Au (ODT) was prepared. First, UV-Vis spectrum measurement was performed in order to examine what aggregation state the temperature shows. The sample was transferred to a cell for ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectrum (optical path length 10 mm), which had been heated at about 100 ° C. in advance, and allowed to cool naturally. The time change of this sample and the UV-Vis spectrum measurement of each step were performed, and the change of the plasmon absorption of the gold nanoparticle was observed (FIG. 10). The aggregation state of the organic-coated gold nanoparticles can be roughly discussed by this change in plasmon absorption. By heating to near the boiling point of the dispersion medium, the organic-coated gold nanoparticles were uniquely dispersed and exhibited a red color. As the temperature decreased due to cooling, plasmon absorption shifted to the longer wavelength side, and once increased absorption. These phenomena mean that the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles form an aggregate. Moreover, in FIG. 11, the outline figure was shown. The dispersion which was red was suspended little by little and changed to a bluish color, and finally, precipitation occurred. This indicates that the temperature has changed due to the passage of time, and the aggregated state has changed.
さらにその状態を透過型電子顕微鏡により観察した。図１２に、加熱後、０分、１０分、６０分経過時の状態を示した。０分ではほとんど独立状態にあった有機被覆金ナノ粒子が、徐々に二次粒子を形成して行き（１０分）、二次粒子が成長・凝集している（６０分）ことが明らかである。 Furthermore, the state was observed with a transmission electron microscope. FIG. 12 shows the state after 0 minutes, 10 minutes, and 60 minutes after heating. It is clear that organic coated gold nanoparticles that were almost independent at 0 minutes gradually form secondary particles (10 minutes), and secondary particles grow and aggregate (60 minutes). .
この凝集の過渡的状態を固定化（固体化）するために、ＥＭ／光重合開始剤（１−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル−フェニルケトン）／架橋剤(ヘキサメチレンジアクリレート)をそれぞれ１００／３／３の重量比で加え、ＵＶ照射によって重合した。固定化した様子を図１３に示した。無機ナノ粒子が全く入っていないもの、加熱後すぐに硬化したもの、１０分経過したもの、２時間経過したものを示した。時間の経過とともに赤みを失い、紫・青色を呈し、さらには沈殿を生じて色味がなくなっていることが分かる。これは分光学測定や、透過型電子顕微鏡観察に対応したものである。 In order to fix (solidify) the transient state of this aggregation, 100/3/3 of EM / photopolymerization initiator (1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone) / crosslinking agent (hexamethylene diacrylate) was used. Added in weight ratio and polymerized by UV irradiation. FIG. 13 shows the state of immobilization. The ones containing no inorganic nanoparticles, those cured immediately after heating, those after 10 minutes, those after 2 hours are shown. It turns out that it loses redness with the passage of time, becomes purple / blue, and further precipitates and loses its color. This corresponds to spectroscopic measurement and transmission electron microscope observation.
このように分散液中での有機被覆無機ナノ粒子の様々な集合状態を加熱分散後の冷却条件により作り出すことが可能で、さらにそれらを光硬化によって樹脂中に固定化できた。 As described above, various aggregated states of the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in the dispersion liquid can be created by the cooling conditions after the heat dispersion, and they can be fixed in the resin by photocuring.
本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子は、種々の液状又は固体媒体に対して高い分散性や良好な凝集性を示すため、各媒体との複合体は、実材料として用いることができる。本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子複合材料は、たとえば、光素子や超微細配線の作成材料、電子電導材料、電導性塗料、導電性接着材料、放熱材料、高熱伝導性材料、薄型液晶性化合物素子用の材料、ゲルアクチュエーター用材料、非線形光学材料、磁性材料、触媒材料、センサー材料や単一電子トランジスタ用材料として優れた特性を有する。特に、超微細配線の作成材料としては、薄型表示素子などの作製、電池分野への応用も期待できる。また、本発明の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子凝集体−樹脂複合体は、電極基材上にキャストフィルムを作製することができるため、金属電極の中間層用材料、薄型表示素子用の材料等への応用の可能性を有している。 Since the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles of the present invention exhibit high dispersibility and good cohesiveness with respect to various liquid or solid media, the composite with each medium can be used as an actual material. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle composite material of the present invention is, for example, an optical element or a material for forming ultrafine wiring, an electronic conductive material, a conductive paint, a conductive adhesive material, a heat dissipation material, a high thermal conductive material, a thin liquid crystalline compound element It has excellent properties as a material for gels, a material for gel actuators, a nonlinear optical material, a magnetic material, a catalyst material, a sensor material and a material for a single electron transistor. In particular, as a material for forming ultrafine wiring, production of a thin display element or the like and application to the battery field can be expected. In addition, since the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticle aggregate-resin composite of the present invention can produce a cast film on an electrode substrate, it can be applied to a material for an intermediate layer of a metal electrode, a material for a thin display element, etc. It has potential for application.
Claims (18)
（式中，Ｒ１はＣ２以上の飽和炭化水素基、不飽和炭化水素基、またはアミド結合若しくはエステル結合を含むアルキル基若しくは脂環炭化水素基を示す。これらの基は芳香族基を含んでもよい。）で表される化合物である、請求項１又は２記載の有機被覆無機ナノ粒子。 1,2-dithiolane derivatives are represented by the general formula (I):
(Wherein R 1 represents a C 2 or higher saturated hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or an alkyl group or alicyclic hydrocarbon group containing an amide bond or an ester bond. These groups include an aromatic group. The organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles according to claim 1 or 2, which is a compound represented by:
A method for controlling dispersion / aggregation of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles in which organic nanoparticles are coated with organic-coated molecules in a liquid medium, after the organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles are heated and dispersed in a liquid medium, A method comprising controlling a dispersion / aggregation state of organic-coated inorganic nanoparticles by adjusting a cooling temperature.
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