JP2007024425A - Composite boiler system, and its operating method - Google Patents

Composite boiler system, and its operating method Download PDF

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JP2007024425A
JP2007024425A JP2005209026A JP2005209026A JP2007024425A JP 2007024425 A JP2007024425 A JP 2007024425A JP 2005209026 A JP2005209026 A JP 2005209026A JP 2005209026 A JP2005209026 A JP 2005209026A JP 2007024425 A JP2007024425 A JP 2007024425A
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boiler
load
exhaust gas
fuel
steam
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JP4865269B2 (en
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Takahiro Koakutsu
孝弘 小圷
Toshiki Koseki
俊樹 小関
Ichiro Ishida
一郎 石田
Toshio Ota
敏夫 太田
Kazutoshi Tashiro
計利 田代
Yutaka Wakao
裕 若生
Shigeru Watanabe
茂 渡邊
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Nippon Steel Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a composite boiler system reducing loss of steam by avoiding discharge of excessive steam in normal operation and both activation and stoppage, improving energy efficiency by minimizing a load of a fuel boiler needing combustion of fuel, and improving operability of a plant by eliminating manual load operation in a composite boiler system comprised by providing both an exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler. <P>SOLUTION: The composite boiler system is provided with both the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler, and it is composed such that exhaust gas boiler steam and fuel boiler steam are mixed together, and sent to a destination using steam such as factory steam. It is characterized by that a load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to a minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler is calculated on the basis of a load detected value of the fuel boiler, and the load of the exhaust gas boiler is controlled such that the minimum value of the fuel boiler is maintained on the basis of an exhaust gas boiler load calculated value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、排ガスボイラからの蒸気と燃料ボイラからの蒸気とを合流させて工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステム及びその運転方法に関する。   The present invention includes an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, an incinerator, and the like, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by combustion of fuel, and the steam and fuel from the exhaust gas boiler The present invention relates to a combined boiler system configured to merge steam from a boiler and supply it to a steam usage destination such as in-factory steam and an operation method thereof.

ガスエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン等のエンジンを用いた発電設備を備えた工場等においては、エンジンからの排ガスの熱を回収して蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラを、工場内に別個に設置した石油燃料や石炭（微粉炭）等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料焚きボイラ（以下燃料ボイラという）と併用し、前記排ガスボイラからの蒸気と燃料ボイラからの蒸気とを合流させて蒸気供給管を介して工場内の蒸気使用先に送給するようにした複合ボイラシステムが多く用いられている。   In factories equipped with power generation facilities using engines such as gas engines, diesel engines, etc., oil fuel and coal are installed separately in the factory, and exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by recovering heat from the exhaust gas from the engines. In combination with a fuel-fired boiler (hereinafter referred to as a fuel boiler) that generates steam by combustion of fuel such as (pulverized coal), the steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the steam from the fuel boiler are joined together via a steam supply pipe Many combined boiler systems are used to supply steam to the factory.

図６は、かかる複合ボイラシステムの一例を示すブロック図である。
図６に示す例では、排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラを２台、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラを1台設けている。
図において、１ａ，１ｂはガスエンジンからなる熱源、２ａ及び２ｂは排ガスボイラ（Ａ）及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）で、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂのそれぞれについて前記熱源１ａ，１ｂがそれぞれ1台あるいは複数台設けられている。
９ａ，９ｂは前記熱源１ａ，１ｂと前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂとを接続する排ガス管、１０ａ，１０ｂは該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂと図示しない煙突とを接続する排ガス管である。 FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing an example of such a combined boiler system.
In the example shown in FIG. 6, two exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by the heat of exhaust gas and one fuel boiler that generates steam by burning fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided.
In the figure, 1a and 1b are heat sources consisting of a gas engine, 2a and 2b are an exhaust gas boiler (A) and an exhaust gas boiler (B), and the heat source 1a for each of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. , 1b are respectively provided.
9a and 9b are exhaust gas pipes connecting the heat sources 1a and 1b to the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, and 10a and 10b are the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. It is an exhaust gas pipe connecting a chimney (not shown).

０１０ａ，０１０ｂは前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂをバイパスする排ガスバイパス管である。３ａ，３ｂは前記排ガス管９ａ，９ｂに設けられてこれら排ガス管９ａ，９ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスダンパ、４ａ，４ｂは前記排ガスバイパス管０１０ａ，０１０ｂに設けられてこれら排ガスバイパス管０１０ａ，０１０ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスダンパである。５ａ，６ａは前記排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａを開閉駆動する排ガスダンパ駆動装置、５ｂ，６ｂは前記排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂを開閉駆動する排ガスダンパ駆動装置である。   010a and 010b are exhaust gas bypass pipes that bypass the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. 3a and 3b are provided in the exhaust gas pipes 9a and 9b, and exhaust gas dampers for opening and closing the pipes of the exhaust gas pipes 9a and 9b. 4a and 4b are provided in the exhaust gas bypass pipes 010a and 010b. It is an exhaust gas damper that opens and closes the pipe line 010b. Reference numerals 5a and 6a denote exhaust gas damper drive devices that open and close the exhaust gas dampers 3a and 4a, and reference numerals 5b and 6b denote exhaust gas damper drive devices that open and close the exhaust gas dampers 3b and 4b.

１１ａは前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａで発生した蒸気を取り出す排ガスボイラ蒸気管、１１ｂは前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂで発生した蒸気を取り出す排ガスボイラ蒸気管である。前記２系統の排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ａ，１１ｂが合流された排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２は、後述する燃料ボイラ１５からの燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４と合流される。
７ａは該排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ａの管路を開閉する排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁、７ｂは該排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁である。
８ａ，８ｂは前記排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁７ａ，７ｂを開閉制御する蒸気開閉弁制御装置で、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａあるいは前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの圧力が一定値以上になったとき、該排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁７ａ，７ｂを開放するようになっている。 11a is an exhaust gas boiler steam pipe for extracting steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a, and 11b is an exhaust gas boiler steam pipe for extracting steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. The exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 into which the two exhaust gas boiler steam pipes 11a and 11b are joined is joined with a fuel boiler steam pipe 14 from a fuel boiler 15 described later.
7a is an exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valve that opens and closes the pipe of the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 11a, and 7b is an exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valve that opens and closes the pipe of the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 11b.
8a and 8b are steam on / off valve control devices for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valves 7a and 7b. When the pressure of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a or the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b becomes a certain value or more, The exhaust gas boiler steam on-off valves 7a and 7b are opened.

１５は燃料ボイラ（燃料焚きボイラ）で、燃料供給通路０２１を通して供給される重油等の石油燃料や石炭（微粉炭）等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する。該燃料ボイラ１５で発生した蒸気は燃料ボイラ蒸気管０１４，１４を通って、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２と合流され、合流された蒸気供給管１３は工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に接続されて該蒸気使用先に蒸気を送給するようになっている。
１９は前記燃料ボイラ蒸気管０１４に取り付けられた燃料ボイラ蒸気流量計で、前記燃料ボイラ１５からの蒸気量（即ち燃料ボイラ１５の負荷）を計測する。２３は前記燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４に取り付けられた燃料ボイラ蒸気圧力計で、前記燃料ボイラ１５側の蒸気圧力を計測する。該燃料ボイラ蒸気圧力計２３での蒸気圧力計測値は、前記燃料供給通路０２１に設けられた燃料流量調整弁２１に伝送され、該燃料流量調整弁２１において前記蒸気圧力に応じて燃料流量を変化させ、燃料ボイラ１５側の蒸気圧力を所定の蒸気圧力に保持するようになっている。 Reference numeral 15 denotes a fuel boiler (fuel-fired boiler) that generates steam by combustion of petroleum fuel such as heavy oil or coal (pulverized coal) supplied through the fuel supply passage 021. The steam generated in the fuel boiler 15 passes through the fuel boiler steam pipes 014 and 14 and merges with the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12, and the joined steam supply pipe 13 is connected to a steam use destination such as factory steam. Steam is supplied to the steam usage destination.
19 is a fuel boiler steam flow meter attached to the fuel boiler steam pipe 014, and measures the amount of steam from the fuel boiler 15 (that is, the load of the fuel boiler 15). A fuel boiler steam pressure gauge 23 is attached to the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 and measures the steam pressure on the fuel boiler 15 side. The steam pressure measurement value in the fuel boiler steam pressure gauge 23 is transmitted to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 21 provided in the fuel supply passage 021, and the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 21 changes the fuel flow rate according to the steam pressure. The steam pressure on the fuel boiler 15 side is maintained at a predetermined steam pressure.

１８は前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４に接続された大気放出管、１６は該大気放出管１８の管路を開閉する大気放出弁、１７は前記大気放出管１８に取り付けられた圧力調整弁で、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４内の蒸気圧力が該圧力調整弁１７に設定された設定圧力以上になると、前記大気放出弁１６を開いて、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４内の蒸気を、前記大気放出管１８及び消音装置２０を通して大気中に放出するようになっている。   Reference numeral 18 denotes an atmospheric discharge pipe connected to the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14, reference numeral 16 denotes an atmospheric release valve for opening and closing the pipe of the atmospheric discharge pipe 18, and reference numeral 17 is attached to the atmospheric discharge pipe 18. When the steam pressure in the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 is equal to or higher than the set pressure set in the pressure control valve 17, the atmospheric discharge valve 16 is opened and the exhaust gas boiler steam is Steam in the pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 is discharged into the atmosphere through the atmospheric discharge pipe 18 and the silencer 20.

尚、特許文献１（特開平１０−２１３３０３号公報）には、複数の燃料ボイラを並列運転するボイラ運転制御システムにおいて、蒸気圧力調節信号の増減方向に、各ボイラの蒸気流量調節信号の増減方向を一致するように制御して、蒸気圧力制御と蒸気流量制御との間の相互干渉を回避する技術が開示されている。   In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-213303), in a boiler operation control system in which a plurality of fuel boilers are operated in parallel, the steam flow rate adjustment signal increase / decrease direction of each boiler is increased / decreased. Are disclosed so as to avoid mutual interference between steam pressure control and steam flow control.

特開平１０−２１３３０３号公報JP-A-10-213303

図６に示される従来技術においては、排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂ及び排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂと石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラ１５とを併設し、それぞれのボイラを独立した制御系統によって運転制御するように構成されている。
このため、かかる従来技術にあっては、図４（Ａ）のように、通常運転時には、熱源１ａ，１ｂによって決まるＥ１最大負荷（最大蒸気発生量）で排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂを運転し、該排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂ側の負荷と使用先負荷つまり工場負荷との間の過不足を燃料ボイラ１５のＦ１負荷で調整する運転を行なっている。 In the prior art shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b and the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b that generate steam by the heat of the exhaust gas and the fuel boiler 15 that generates steam by burning fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided. The operation of each boiler is controlled by an independent control system.
For this reason, in such a prior art, as shown in FIG. 4A, during normal operation, the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b are operated at the E1 maximum load (maximum steam generation amount) determined by the heat sources 1a and 1b. An operation is performed in which the excess or deficiency between the load on the exhaust gas boilers 2a, 2b side and the use load, that is, the factory load, is adjusted by the F1 load of the fuel boiler 15.

従ってかかる従来技術にあっては、図４（Ａ）のように、工場負荷の減少によって燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が下限つまりＦ１下限負荷に達すると、図６における大気放出弁１６が開き、Ｓで示される余剰蒸気が大気へ放出されることとなって、蒸気の損失を伴う。
そして、かかる余剰蒸気の大気への放出に伴ない、図６における排ガスバイパス管０１ａ，０１ｂの排ガスダンパ４ａ，４ｂの開度を大きくして排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂへの排ガス量を減少させることにより該排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂの負荷をＥ１修正負荷のように減少させる操作を行なうこととなる。
かかるＥ１負荷の修正操作は、前記排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂのボイラが独立した制御系統になっていることから、手動で行なわざるを得ず、このためプラントの運転操作性が低下する。 Therefore, in this prior art, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the load of the fuel boiler 15 reaches the lower limit, that is, the F1 lower limit load due to the reduction of the factory load, the atmospheric discharge valve 16 in FIG. The surplus steam shown will be released to the atmosphere, with steam loss.
As the surplus steam is released to the atmosphere, the opening of the exhaust gas dampers 4a and 4b of the exhaust gas bypass pipes 01a and 01b in FIG. 6 is increased to reduce the amount of exhaust gas to the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b. An operation of reducing the load of the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b like the E1 correction load is performed.
Such an E1 load correction operation must be performed manually because the boilers of the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b are in an independent control system, so that the operation operability of the plant is reduced.

また、かかる従来技術にあっては、図５（Ａ）のように、排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂの一方（この場合は排ガスボイラ２ｂ）がＥ２負荷で通常運転中に、使用先負荷（工場負荷）一定の許で他方の排ガスボイラ２ａを起動しＥ１負荷を増加していく場合には、燃料ボイラ１５のＦ１負荷の一時的減少が避けられず、この場合も余剰蒸気が大気へ放出されることとなって、蒸気の損失を伴う。
さらに、かかる排ガスボイラの一方２ａ（あるいは２ｂ）の起動時や停止時にも、前記のような余剰蒸気の大気への放出に伴ない、図５（Ａ）のように、Ｅ２負荷で通常運転中の他方側の排ガスボイラ２ｂの負荷を、Ｅ２修正負荷のように減少させる操作を手動で行なわざるを得ず、このためプラントの運転操作性が低下する。 Further, in such a conventional technique, as shown in FIG. 5A, when one of the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b (in this case, the exhaust gas boiler 2b) is in an ordinary operation with an E2 load, the load at the use (factory load) When the other exhaust gas boiler 2a is started with a certain allowance and the E1 load is increased, a temporary decrease in the F1 load of the fuel boiler 15 is inevitable, and in this case too, excess steam is released to the atmosphere. With steam loss.
Further, even when one of the exhaust gas boilers 2a (or 2b) is started or stopped, as shown in FIG. 5 (A), normal operation is being performed with an E2 load as the surplus steam is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the operation of reducing the load of the exhaust gas boiler 2b on the other side like the E2 correction load has to be performed manually, so that the operation operability of the plant is lowered.

また、前記特許文献１（特開平１０−２１３３０３号公報）には、複数の燃料ボイラを並列運転するボイラ運転制御システムで、蒸気圧力調節信号の増減方向に各ボイラの蒸気流量調節信号の増減方向を一致するように制御して、蒸気圧力制御と蒸気流量制御との間の相互干渉を回避する手段が示されているにとどまり、排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとの並列運転を行なう場合の、前記のような問題点の解決手段については開示されていない。   Further, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-213303), in a boiler operation control system that operates a plurality of fuel boilers in parallel, the increase / decrease direction of the steam flow rate adjustment signal of each boiler in the increase / decrease direction of the steam pressure adjustment signal. The only means to avoid mutual interference between steam pressure control and steam flow control is shown, exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by the heat of exhaust gas, petroleum fuel, coal, etc. There is no disclosure of means for solving the above-described problems in the case of performing a parallel operation with a fuel boiler that generates steam by combustion of this fuel.

本発明はかかる従来技術の課題に鑑み、排ガスボイラと燃料ボイラとを併設してなる複合ボイラシステムにおいて、通常運転及び起動，停止時の双方で、余剰蒸気の放出を回避して蒸気の損失を低減するとともに、燃料の燃焼を必要とする燃料ボイラの負荷を必要最小限に抑えてエネルギー効率を向上し、さらに手動による負荷操作を皆無として、プラントの運転操作性を向上させた複合ボイラシステムを提供することを目的とする。   In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention avoids the discharge of excess steam and reduces the loss of steam in both the normal operation, start-up, and stop in a combined boiler system in which an exhaust gas boiler and a fuel boiler are provided. In addition to reducing the load on fuel boilers that require fuel combustion, energy efficiency is improved, and there is no manual load operation, and a combined boiler system that improves plant operability The purpose is to provide.

本発明はかかる目的を達成するもので、エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムにおいて、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出する燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段と、該燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段から入力される前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷を算出して前記排ガスボイラの負荷を前記燃料ボイラの負荷が前記最小値を保持するように制御する負荷コントローラと、前記負荷コントローラからの前記排ガスボイラの負荷算出値に基づき前記排ガスボイラの負荷を調整する排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段とをそなえたことを特徴とする。   The present invention achieves such an object, and an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, an incinerator, and the like, and a fuel that generates steam by combustion of fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal A boiler is also provided, and the exhaust gas boiler steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler are merged and supplied to a steam use destination such as factory steam via a steam supply pipe. In the combined boiler system, the fuel boiler load detecting means for detecting the load of the fuel boiler, and the load detection value of the fuel boiler input from the fuel boiler load detecting means, the load value of the fuel boiler is reduced to the minimum value. A load controller that calculates a load of the corresponding exhaust gas boiler and controls the load of the exhaust gas boiler so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains the minimum value. And the roller, characterized in that includes the exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means for adjusting the load of the exhaust gas boiler on the basis of the load calculation value of said exhaust gas boiler from the load controller.

また、前記のように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法の発明は、エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法であって、前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷を算出し、この排ガスボイラ負荷算出値に基づき前記燃料ボイラの負荷が前記最小値を保持するように該排ガスボイラの負荷を制御することを特徴とする。
ここで、前記排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段を、排ガスボイラへの排ガス量を変化せしめる排ガスダンパにて構成し、該排ガスダンパにより排ガスボイラをバイパスする排ガス量を変化せしめることにより排ガスボイラに供給される排ガス量を調整するように構成するのが好ましい形態である。 The invention of the operation method of the combined boiler system configured as described above includes an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, an incinerator, etc., and a fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal. And a fuel boiler that generates steam by combustion, and combines the exhaust gas boiler steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler, and uses steam such as in-plant steam through a steam supply pipe The exhaust gas boiler load corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler is calculated based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler. The load of the exhaust gas boiler is controlled so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains the minimum value based on the calculated boiler load value.
Here, the exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means is constituted by an exhaust gas damper that changes the amount of exhaust gas to the exhaust gas boiler, and the exhaust gas supplied to the exhaust gas boiler by changing the amount of exhaust gas that bypasses the exhaust gas boiler by the exhaust gas damper A preferred form is to adjust the amount.

かかる発明において、好ましくは前記負荷コントローラを次のように構成する。
（１）前記燃料ボイラの負荷が予め設定された下限負荷以下となったとき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷を前記燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少せしめる。
（２）前記燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷の算出値に基づき、各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて各排ガスボイラの負荷配分を行なうように構成する。 In this invention, the load controller is preferably configured as follows.
(1) When the load of the fuel boiler becomes equal to or lower than a preset lower limit load, the load of the exhaust gas boiler is decreased in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler.
(2) Based on the calculated value of the load of a plurality of exhaust gas boilers corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler, load distribution of each exhaust gas boiler is performed according to the number of heat sources connected to each exhaust gas boiler Configure.

かかる発明によれば、燃料ボイラの負荷によって排ガスボイラの負荷を制御する負荷コントローラを設けて、該負荷コントローラにより、燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段で検出された燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する排ガスボイラの負荷を算出して排ガスボイラの負荷を、燃料ボイラの負荷がその最小値を保持するように制御するので、通常運転時には工場負荷等の蒸気使用先の負荷が変動しても、負荷コントローラにより排ガスボイラの負荷を制御して、常時燃料ボイラの負荷を最小値に保持せしめることができて、燃料ボイラにおける燃料消費を最少限に保持してボイラプラントを運転できる。   According to this invention, the load controller for controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler by the load of the fuel boiler is provided, and the fuel boiler is detected based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler detected by the fuel boiler load detecting means by the load controller. The load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load is calculated and the load of the exhaust gas boiler is controlled so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains the minimum value. Even if the load fluctuates, the load controller can control the load of the exhaust gas boiler to keep the load of the fuel boiler at the minimum value at all times, and keep the fuel consumption in the fuel boiler to the minimum, I can drive.

また、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が予め設定された下限負荷以下となったとき排ガスボイラの負荷を燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少せしめるので、蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に、負荷コントローラによって排ガスボイラの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少せしめることにより、従来技術のような燃料ボイラの余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる。
さらに、前記のような余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避できるとともに、負荷コントローラにより蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に排ガスボイラの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少せしめるので、従来技術のように手動によって排ガスボイラの負荷調整を行なう必要が無くなり、ボイラプラントの運転操作性が向上する。 In addition, when the load of the fuel boiler falls below a preset lower limit load, the load of the exhaust gas boiler is reduced in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler. By automatically reducing the load in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler, it is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam from the fuel boiler as in the prior art to the atmosphere and to prevent the loss of steam associated with such release. , Can improve energy efficiency.
Furthermore, it is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam to the atmosphere as described above, and the load controller automatically reduces the load of the exhaust gas boiler in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler when the load of the steam usage is reduced. Thus, it is not necessary to manually adjust the load of the exhaust gas boiler, and the operation operability of the boiler plant is improved.

さらに、排ガスボイラと燃料ボイラとを併設し、排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させて工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された既設の複合ボイラシステムであっても、前記のような燃料ボイラの負荷によって排ガスボイラの負荷を制御する負荷コントローラを追設するのみで、既設の燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段から入力される燃料ボイラの負荷検出値を用いて、燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する排ガスボイラの負荷を算出して、該排ガスボイラの負荷を燃料ボイラの負荷がその最小値を保持するように制御することにより、余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる、という前記作用効果をそなえた複合ボイラシステムを得ることができる。   In addition, an existing exhaust gas boiler and a fuel boiler are provided, and the existing exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler are combined and sent to a steam usage destination such as factory steam. Even in this combined boiler system, the load detection of the fuel boiler that is input from the existing fuel boiler load detection means only by adding a load controller for controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler by the load of the fuel boiler as described above By calculating the exhaust gas boiler load corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler using the value and controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler so that the load of the fuel boiler holds the minimum value, excess steam Can be prevented from being released into the atmosphere, steam loss associated with such release can be prevented, and energy efficiency can be improved. It can be obtained boiler system.

また本発明は、エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムにおいて、前記排ガスボイラを複数台そなえるとともに、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出する燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段を設け、該燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段から入力される前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷の変化状態において、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめる負荷コントローラと、前記負荷コントローラからの前記排ガスボイラの負荷算出値に基づき前記排ガスボイラの負荷を調整する排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段とをそなえたことを特徴とする。   The present invention also includes an exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, and an incinerator, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by burning fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal, In the combined boiler system configured to join the exhaust gas boiler steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler, and to supply to the steam usage destination such as in-factory steam through the steam supply pipe, A plurality of the exhaust gas boilers are provided, and a fuel boiler load detecting means for detecting the load of the fuel boiler is provided, and the load of the exhaust gas boiler is determined based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler input from the fuel boiler load detecting means. In the state of change, the load of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers is related so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value. And occupies load controller, characterized in that includes the exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means for adjusting the load of the exhaust gas boiler on the basis of the load calculation value of said exhaust gas boiler from the load controller.

そして、前記のように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法の発明は、エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する複数台の排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法であって、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出し、該燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷の変化状態において、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化させることを特徴とする。   And the invention of the operation method of the combined boiler system configured as described above includes a plurality of exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by the heat of exhaust gas from heat sources such as engines, gas turbines, incinerators, petroleum fuel, coal A fuel boiler that generates steam by the combustion of fuel, etc., and combines the exhaust gas boiler steam from the exhaust gas boiler and the fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler, A method for operating a combined boiler system configured to supply steam to a destination, wherein the load of the fuel boiler is detected, and based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler, in a change state of the load of the exhaust gas boiler The load of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers is changed in relation so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value.

かかる発明において、好ましくは前記負荷コントローラを次のように構成する。
（１）前記負荷コントローラは、燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段からの前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値と前記各排ガスボイラ負荷検出手段からの負荷検出値の和である排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との負荷偏差を算出し、該負荷偏差に基づき前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめる。
（２）前記負荷コントローラは、前記負荷偏差に基づき算出した排ガスボイラの負荷を、各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて配分するように構成する。 In this invention, the load controller is preferably configured as follows.
(1) The load controller calculates a load deviation between a load detection value of the fuel boiler from the fuel boiler load detection means and an exhaust gas boiler load total value that is a sum of the load detection values from the exhaust gas boiler load detection means. Then, based on the load deviation, the loads of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers are related and changed so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value.
(2) The load controller is configured to distribute the load of the exhaust gas boiler calculated based on the load deviation according to the number of the heat sources connected to each exhaust gas boiler.

かかる発明によれば、複数の排ガスボイラの一方を通常運転中に、使用先負荷（工場負荷）一定の許で他方の排ガスボイラを起動して負荷を増加していくような場合においては、燃料ボイラの負荷検出値と、各排ガスボイラの負荷検出値の和である排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との負荷偏差を算出し、該負荷偏差に基づき燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめるので、排ガスボイラの起動時や停止時のように排ガスボイラ側の負荷が変化しても、これに影響されることなく燃料ボイラ側の負荷を常時一定に保持することができ、燃料ボイラの負荷変動のない安定運転を保持できる。
さらには、排ガスボイラの起動時等において該排ガスボイラの一方側の負荷を増加していく場合においても、従来技術のように燃料ボイラ側の負荷の一時的減少の発生によって余剰蒸気が大気へ放出されるのを回避可能となって、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる。 According to such an invention, during normal operation of one of a plurality of exhaust gas boilers, in the case of increasing the load by starting the other exhaust gas boiler with a constant permit of use load (factory load), the fuel The load deviation between the boiler load detection value and the exhaust gas boiler load total value, which is the sum of the load detection values of the exhaust gas boilers, is calculated, and the plurality of the fuel boiler loads are kept constant based on the load deviation. Because the load on the exhaust gas boiler is related and changed, even if the load on the exhaust gas boiler changes, such as when the exhaust gas boiler starts or stops, the load on the fuel boiler side is always affected without being affected by this. It can be kept constant, and stable operation without load fluctuation of the fuel boiler can be maintained.
Furthermore, even when the load on one side of the exhaust gas boiler is increased at the start of the exhaust gas boiler, etc., surplus steam is released to the atmosphere due to the temporary decrease of the load on the fuel boiler side as in the prior art This makes it possible to avoid the loss of steam associated with such release, thereby improving energy efficiency.

本発明によれば、負荷コントローラにより、燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する排ガスボイラの負荷を算出して排ガスボイラの負荷を燃料ボイラの負荷が燃料ボイラ負荷の最小値を保持するように制御するので、通常運転時には工場負荷等の蒸気使用先の負荷が変動しても、排ガスボイラの負荷を制御して常時燃料ボイラの負荷を最小値に保持せしめることができて、燃料ボイラにおける燃料消費を最少限に保持してボイラプラントを運転できるとともに、蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に排ガスボイラの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラの負荷と関連させて減少せしめることにより、余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる。
さらには、前記のように余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避できるとともに蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に排ガスボイラの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラの負荷と関連させて減少せしめることにより、従来技術のような手動による排ガスボイラの負荷調整を行なう必要が無くなって、ボイラプラントの運転操作性が向上する。 According to the present invention, the load controller calculates the load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler, and the load of the exhaust gas boiler is the load of the fuel boiler. Since control is performed to maintain the minimum value, the load on the exhaust gas boiler can be controlled to keep the load on the fuel boiler always at the minimum value even if the load at the steam usage destination such as factory load fluctuates during normal operation. It is possible to operate the boiler plant while keeping the fuel consumption in the fuel boiler to a minimum, and by automatically reducing the load of the exhaust gas boiler in relation to the load of the fuel boiler when the load of the steam usage is reduced, The release of surplus steam to the atmosphere can be avoided, the loss of steam accompanying such release can be prevented, and the energy efficiency can be improved.
Further, as described above, it is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam to the atmosphere as described above, and to automatically reduce the load of the exhaust gas boiler in association with the load of the fuel boiler when the load at the steam usage destination is reduced, as in the prior art. This eliminates the need to manually adjust the load of the exhaust gas boiler, thereby improving the operation operability of the boiler plant.

また本発明によれば、既設の複合ボイラシステムであっても、前記のような燃料ボイラの負荷によって排ガスボイラの負荷を制御する負荷コントローラを追設するのみで、燃料ボイラの負荷検出値を用いて該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する排ガスボイラの負荷を算出し、該排ガスボイラの負荷を燃料ボイラの負荷がその最小値を保持するように制御することにより、余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる、という前記作用効果をそなえた複合ボイラシステムを得ることができる。   Further, according to the present invention, even in an existing combined boiler system, the load detection value of the fuel boiler is used only by additionally installing a load controller for controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler by the load of the fuel boiler as described above. By calculating the load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler and controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains the minimum value, surplus steam to the atmosphere is calculated. It is possible to obtain a composite boiler system having the above-described effects of being able to avoid the release, to prevent the loss of steam accompanying the release, and to improve the energy efficiency.

以下、本発明を図に示した実施例を用いて詳細に説明する。但し、この実施例に記載されている構成部品の寸法、材質、形状、その相対配置などは特に特定的な記載がない限り、この発明の範囲をそれのみに限定する趣旨ではなく、単なる説明例にすぎない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the component parts described in this example are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention only to specific examples unless otherwise specified. Only.

図１は本発明の第１、第２実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの全体構成を示すブロック図である。
図１に示す実施例では、排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラを２台、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラを1台設けているが、排ガスボイラを１台あるいは３台以上、燃料ボイラを複数台設けてもよい。
図１において、１ａ，１ｂはガスエンジンからなる熱源、２ａ及び２ｂは排ガスボイラ（Ａ）及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）で、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂのそれぞれについて前記熱源１ａ，１ｂがそれぞれ1台あるいは複数台設けられている。前記熱源１ａ，１ｂは、前記ガスエンジンの他、ガスタービン、焼却炉等、排ガスを放出する機器であればよい。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a combined boiler system according to first and second embodiments of the present invention.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, two exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by the heat of exhaust gas and one fuel boiler that generates steam by burning fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided. Two or more fuel boilers may be provided.
In FIG. 1, 1a and 1b are heat sources consisting of a gas engine, 2a and 2b are an exhaust gas boiler (A) and an exhaust gas boiler (B), and the heat sources for the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, respectively. One or a plurality of 1a and 1b are provided. The heat sources 1a and 1b may be any device that emits exhaust gas, such as a gas turbine or an incinerator, in addition to the gas engine.

９ａ，９ｂは前記熱源１ａ，１ｂと前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂとを接続する排ガス管、１０ａ，１０ｂは該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂと図示しない煙突とを接続する排ガス管である。
０１０ａ，０１０ｂは前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂをバイパスする排ガスバイパス管である。３ａ，３ｂは前記排ガス管９ａ，９ｂに設けられてこれら排ガス管９ａ，９ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスダンパ、４ａ，４ｂは前記排ガスバイパス管０１０ａ，０１０ｂに設けられてこれら排ガスバイパス管０１０ａ，０１０ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスダンパである。５ａ，６ａは前記排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａをそれぞれ開閉駆動する排ガスダンパ駆動装置、５ｂ，６ｂは前記排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂをそれぞれ開閉駆動する排ガスダンパ駆動装置である。 9a and 9b are exhaust gas pipes connecting the heat sources 1a and 1b to the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, and 10a and 10b are the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. It is an exhaust gas pipe connecting a chimney (not shown).
010a and 010b are exhaust gas bypass pipes that bypass the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. 3a and 3b are provided in the exhaust gas pipes 9a and 9b, and exhaust gas dampers for opening and closing the pipes of the exhaust gas pipes 9a and 9b. 4a and 4b are provided in the exhaust gas bypass pipes 010a and 010b. It is an exhaust gas damper that opens and closes the pipe line 010b. Reference numerals 5a and 6a denote exhaust gas damper driving devices that open and close the exhaust gas dampers 3a and 4a, respectively. Reference numerals 5b and 6b denote exhaust gas damper driving devices that open and close the exhaust gas dampers 3b and 4b, respectively.

１１ａは前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａで発生した蒸気を取り出す排ガスボイラ蒸気管、１１ｂは前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂで発生した蒸気を取り出す排ガスボイラ蒸気管である。前記２系統の排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ａ，１１ｂが合流された排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２は、後述する燃料ボイラ１５からの燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４と合流される。
７ａは該排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ａの管路を開閉する排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁、７ｂは該排ガスボイラ蒸気管１１ｂの管路を開閉する排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁である。
８ａ，８ｂは前記排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁７ａ，７ｂを開閉制御する蒸気開閉弁制御装置で、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａあるいは前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの圧力が一定値以上になったとき、該排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁７ａ，７ｂを開放するようになっている。 11a is an exhaust gas boiler steam pipe for extracting steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a, and 11b is an exhaust gas boiler steam pipe for extracting steam generated in the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. The exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 into which the two exhaust gas boiler steam pipes 11a and 11b are joined is joined with a fuel boiler steam pipe 14 from a fuel boiler 15 described later.
7a is an exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valve that opens and closes the pipe of the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 11a, and 7b is an exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valve that opens and closes the pipe of the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 11b.
8a and 8b are steam on / off valve control devices for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valves 7a and 7b. When the pressure of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a or the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b becomes a certain value or more, The exhaust gas boiler steam on-off valves 7a and 7b are opened.

１５は燃料ボイラ（燃料焚きボイラ）で、燃料供給通路０２１を通して供給される重油等の石油燃料や石炭（微粉炭）等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する。該燃料ボイラ１５で発生した蒸気は燃料ボイラ蒸気管０１４及び１４を通って、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２と合流され、合流された蒸気供給管１３は工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に接続されて該蒸気使用先に蒸気を送給するようになっている。
１９は前記燃料ボイラ蒸気管０１４に取り付けられた燃料ボイラ蒸気流量計で、前記燃料ボイラ１５からの蒸気量（即ち燃料ボイラ１５の負荷）を計測する。２３は前記燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４に取り付けられた燃料ボイラ蒸気圧力計で、前記燃料ボイラ１５側の蒸気圧力を計測する。該燃料ボイラ蒸気圧力計２３での蒸気圧力計測値は、前記燃料供給通路０２１に設けられた燃料流量調整弁２１に伝送され、該燃料流量調整弁２１において前記蒸気圧力に応じて燃料流量を変化させ、燃料ボイラ１５側の蒸気圧力を所定の蒸気圧力に保持するようになっている。 Reference numeral 15 denotes a fuel boiler (fuel-fired boiler) that generates steam by combustion of petroleum fuel such as heavy oil or coal (pulverized coal) supplied through the fuel supply passage 021. The steam generated in the fuel boiler 15 passes through the fuel boiler steam pipes 014 and 14 and merges with the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12, and the joined steam supply pipe 13 is connected to a steam usage destination such as factory steam. Steam is supplied to the steam usage destination.
19 is a fuel boiler steam flow meter attached to the fuel boiler steam pipe 014, and measures the amount of steam from the fuel boiler 15 (that is, the load of the fuel boiler 15). A fuel boiler steam pressure gauge 23 is attached to the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 and measures the steam pressure on the fuel boiler 15 side. The steam pressure measurement value in the fuel boiler steam pressure gauge 23 is transmitted to the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 21 provided in the fuel supply passage 021, and the fuel flow rate adjustment valve 21 changes the fuel flow rate according to the steam pressure. The steam pressure on the fuel boiler 15 side is maintained at a predetermined steam pressure.

１８は前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４に接続された大気放出管、
１６は該大気放出管１８の管路を開閉する大気放出弁、１７は前記大気放出管１８に取り付けられた圧力調整弁で、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４内の蒸気圧力が該圧力調整弁１７に設定された設定圧力以上になると、前記大気放出弁１６を開いて、前記排ガスボイラ蒸気管１２及び燃料ボイラ蒸気管１４内の蒸気を、前記大気放出管１８及び消音装置２０を通して大気中に放出するようになっている。 18 is an atmospheric discharge pipe connected to the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14;
Reference numeral 16 denotes an atmospheric discharge valve for opening and closing the pipe of the atmospheric discharge pipe 18, and 17 is a pressure regulating valve attached to the atmospheric discharge pipe 18, and the vapor pressure in the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 is When the pressure becomes equal to or higher than the set pressure set in the pressure adjusting valve 17, the atmospheric discharge valve 16 is opened, and the steam in the exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 12 and the fuel boiler steam pipe 14 is transferred to the atmospheric discharge pipe 18 and the silencer 20. Through the atmosphere.

２５は本発明の要旨をなす負荷コントローラ（詳細は後述）である。０１９は前記燃料ボイラ蒸気流量計１９を介して前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷（蒸気量）を検出する燃料ボイラ負荷検出器、０８ａは前記蒸気開閉弁制御装置８ａを介して前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷（蒸気量）を検出する排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷検出器、０８ｂは前記蒸気開閉弁制御装置８ｂを介して前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷（蒸気量）を検出する排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷検出器である。   Reference numeral 25 denotes a load controller (details will be described later) forming the gist of the present invention. 019 is a fuel boiler load detector for detecting the load (steam amount) of the fuel boiler 15 via the fuel boiler steam flow meter 19, and 08a is the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a via the steam on-off valve controller 8a. Exhaust gas boiler (A) load detector for detecting the load (steam amount) of the exhaust gas boiler (B), 08b is an exhaust gas boiler (B) for detecting the load (steam amount) of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b via the steam on-off valve controller 8b ) Load detector.

前記燃料ボイラ負荷検出器０１９からの燃料ボイラ１５の負荷（蒸気量）の検出値、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷検出器０８ａからの排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷（蒸気量）の検出値、前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷検出器０８ｂからの排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷（蒸気量）の検出値は前記負荷コントローラ２５に入力される。
また、前記熱源１ａ，１ｂの運転台数の値も、熱源運転台数入力手段３０（図２参照）によって前記負荷コントローラ２５に入力される。該負荷コントローラ２５は前記各負荷の検出値及び熱源１ａ，１ｂの運転台数の入力値に基づき後述する演算、制御を行い、制御信号を前記各排ガスダンパ駆動装置５ａ，５ｂ及び６ａ，６ｂに伝送する。 A detected value of the load (steam amount) of the fuel boiler 15 from the fuel boiler load detector 019, a detected value of the load (steam amount) of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a from the exhaust gas boiler (A) load detector 08a, The detected value of the load (steam amount) of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b from the exhaust gas boiler (B) load detector 08b is input to the load controller 25.
The value of the number of operating heat sources 1a and 1b is also input to the load controller 25 by the heat source operating number input means 30 (see FIG. 2). The load controller 25 performs calculation and control to be described later based on the detected value of each load and the input value of the number of operating heat sources 1a and 1b, and transmits a control signal to each of the exhaust gas damper driving devices 5a, 5b and 6a, 6b. To do.

図２は本発明の第１実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの制御ブロック図である。
図２において、前記燃料ボイラ負荷検出器０１９からの燃料ボイラ１５の負荷（蒸気量）の検出値は負荷コントローラ２５の燃料ボイラ負荷比較部２５２に入力される。２５１は燃料ボイラ最小負荷設定部で、図４（Ｂ）にＦ１負荷にて示す燃料ボイラ１５の安定運転可能な最小負荷が設定されている。
前記燃料ボイラ負荷比較部２５２においては、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値と前記最小負荷（Ｆ１負荷）とを比較し、その比較結果つまり燃料ボイラ負荷偏差を負荷調整量算出部２５３に出力する。
該負荷調整量算出部２５３においては、前記燃料ボイラ負荷偏差から図４（Ｂ）にＥ１修正負荷にて示す前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷修正量を算出して排ガスボイラダンパ開度算出部２５４に出力する。 FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of the combined boiler system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 2, the detected value of the load (steam amount) of the fuel boiler 15 from the fuel boiler load detector 019 is input to the fuel boiler load comparison unit 252 of the load controller 25. Reference numeral 251 denotes a fuel boiler minimum load setting unit, in which a minimum load capable of stable operation of the fuel boiler 15 shown by F1 load in FIG. 4B is set.
The fuel boiler load comparison unit 252 compares the load detection value of the fuel boiler 15 with the minimum load (F1 load), and outputs the comparison result, that is, the fuel boiler load deviation to the load adjustment amount calculation unit 253.
The load adjustment amount calculation unit 253 calculates load correction amounts of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b shown by E1 correction load in FIG. 4B from the fuel boiler load deviation. It outputs to the exhaust gas boiler damper opening calculation part 254.

排ガスボイラダンパ開度算出部２５４においては、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷修正量に基づき、前記熱源運転台数入力手段３０から入力される排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂのそれぞれに接続されている熱源１ａあるいは熱源１ｂの運転台数にしたがって負荷配分を行い、前記排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａ及び排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂの開度を算出する。
ここで、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷（Ｅ１負荷）を増加する際には、排ガスダンパ（Ａ）３ａの開度を大きく、排ガスバイパス管０１０ａ側の排ガスダンパ（Ａ）４ａの開度を小さくし（前記負荷（Ｅ１負荷）を減少する際にはこれの逆）、前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷（Ｅ２負荷）を増加する際には、排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）３ｂの開度を大きく、排ガスバイパス管０１０ｂ側の排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）４ｂの開度を小さくする（前記負荷（Ｅ１負荷）を減少する際にはこれの逆）。 In the exhaust gas boiler damper opening calculation unit 254, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a input from the heat source operation number input means 30 based on the load correction amounts of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, and Load distribution is performed according to the number of operating heat sources 1a or heat sources 1b connected to each of the exhaust gas boilers (B) 2b, and the opening degrees of the exhaust gas dampers 3a, 4a and the exhaust gas dampers 3b, 4b are calculated.
Here, when increasing the load (E1 load) of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a, the opening degree of the exhaust gas damper (A) 3a is increased, and the opening degree of the exhaust gas damper (A) 4a on the exhaust gas bypass pipe 010a side. When the load (E1 load) is decreased (the reverse of this), and when the load of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b (E2 load) is increased, the opening degree of the exhaust gas damper (B) 3b Is increased, and the opening degree of the exhaust gas damper (B) 4b on the exhaust gas bypass pipe 010b side is decreased (the reverse of this when the load (E1 load) is decreased).

排ガスボイラダンパ開度算出部２５４にて、前記のようにして排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂ毎に算出され負荷配分された排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａ及び排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂの開度算出値は、排ガスダンパ（Ａ）駆動装置５ａ，６ａ及び、排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）駆動装置５ｂ，６ｂにそれぞれ出力され、該排ガスダンパ（Ａ）駆動装置５ａ，６ａによって排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａの開度が前記開度設定値に設定され、排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）駆動装置５ｂ，６ｂによって排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂの開度が前記開度設定値に設定される。   In the exhaust gas boiler damper opening calculation unit 254, the opening of the exhaust gas dampers 3a, 4a and the exhaust gas dampers 3b, 4b calculated and distributed for the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b as described above is opened. The calculated values are output to the exhaust gas damper (A) driving devices 5a and 6a and the exhaust gas damper (B) driving devices 5b and 6b, respectively, and the exhaust gas dampers (A) driving devices 5a and 6a control the exhaust gas dampers 3a and 4a. The opening is set to the opening setting value, and the opening of the exhaust gas dampers 3b and 4b is set to the opening setting value by the exhaust gas damper (B) drive devices 5b and 6b.

さらに、排ガスボイラダンパ開度算出部２５４においては、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が予め設定された下限負荷（図４のＦ１下限負荷）以下となった場合に対する、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷調整量を算出しておき、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が前記下限負荷以下になったとき、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷調整量だけ減少せしめるように、前記排ガスダンパ（Ａ）駆動装置５ａ，６ａ及び排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）駆動装置５ｂ，６ｂを駆動する。   Further, in the exhaust gas boiler damper opening calculation unit 254, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas when the load of the fuel boiler 15 is equal to or lower than a preset lower limit load (F1 lower limit load in FIG. 4). The load adjustment amount of the boiler (B) 2b is calculated, and when the load of the fuel boiler 15 becomes less than the lower limit load, only the load adjustment amount of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b The exhaust gas damper (A) drive devices 5a and 6a and the exhaust gas damper (B) drive devices 5b and 6b are driven so as to decrease the exhaust gas damper (A).

かかる第１実施例によれば、燃料ボイラ１５の負荷によって排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を制御する負荷コントローラ２５を設けて、該負荷コントローラ２５により、燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値に基づき、該燃料ボイラ１５の負荷の最小値（Ｆ１最小負荷）に対応する排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を算出して該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を燃料ボイラ１５の負荷がその最小値（Ｆ１最小負荷）を保持するように制御するので、通常運転時には工場負荷等の蒸気使用先の負荷が変動しても、負荷コントローラ２５により該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を制御して、常時燃料ボイラ１５の負荷を前記最小値（Ｆ１最小負荷）に保持せしめることができて、燃料ボイラ１５における燃料消費を最少限に保持してボイラプラントを運転できる。   According to the first embodiment, the load controller 25 for controlling the loads of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b by the load of the fuel boiler 15 is provided. Based on the detected load value, the loads of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b corresponding to the minimum load (F1 minimum load) of the fuel boiler 15 are calculated to calculate the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and Since the load of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is controlled so that the load of the fuel boiler 15 maintains the minimum value (F1 minimum load), even if the load of the steam usage destination such as the factory load fluctuates during normal operation, The load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is controlled by the load controller 25 so that the load of the fuel boiler 15 is always the minimum value (F1 minimum). To be able to allowed to hold the load), the fuel consumption in the fuel boiler 15 and held to a minimum can drive the boiler plant.

また、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が予め設定された下限負荷（Ｆ１下限負荷）以下となったとき、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を燃料ボイラ１５の負荷と連動させて減少せしめるので、蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に、負荷コントローラ２５によって排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラ１５の負荷と関連させて減少せしめることにより、従来技術のような燃料ボイラ１５の余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる。
さらに、前記のような余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避できるとともに、負荷コントローラ２５により蒸気使用先の負荷低下時に排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を自動的に燃料ボイラ１５の負荷と関連させて減少せしめるので、従来技術のように手動によって排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷調整を行なう必要が無くなり、ボイラプラントの運転操作性が向上する。 Further, when the load of the fuel boiler 15 becomes equal to or lower than a preset lower limit load (F1 lower limit load), the loads of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b are linked with the load of the fuel boiler 15. The load controller 25 automatically reduces the load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b in association with the load of the fuel boiler 15 when the load at the steam usage destination is reduced. In addition, it is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam from the fuel boiler 15 as in the prior art to the atmosphere, to prevent the loss of steam accompanying such discharge, and to improve the energy efficiency.
Further, the discharge of surplus steam as described above can be avoided, and the load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is automatically set to the fuel boiler when the load at the steam usage destination is reduced by the load controller 25. Therefore, it is not necessary to manually adjust the load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b as in the prior art, and the operability of the boiler plant is improved.

さらに、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂと燃料ボイラ１５とを併設し、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と燃料ボイラ１５からの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させて工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された既設の複合ボイラシステムであっても、前記のような燃料ボイラ１５の負荷によって排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を制御する負荷コントローラ２５を追設するのみで、既設の燃料ボイラ蒸気流量計１９から入力される燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値を用いて、燃料ボイラ１５の負荷の最小値に対応する排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を算出して、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が前記最小値（Ｆ１最小負荷）を保持するように制御することにより、余剰蒸気の大気への放出を回避でき、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる、という前記作用効果をそなえた複合ボイラシステムを得ることができる。   Further, an exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a, an exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, and a fuel boiler 15 are provided, and exhaust gas steam from the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b and fuel from the fuel boiler 15 are provided. Even in the existing combined boiler system configured to join the boiler steam and supply it to a steam usage destination such as in-factory steam, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a is caused by the load of the fuel boiler 15 as described above. And a load controller 25 for controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, and using the load detection value of the fuel boiler 15 input from the existing fuel boiler steam flow meter 19, the load of the fuel boiler 15 is The load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b corresponding to the minimum value of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2 is calculated. By controlling the load of the fuel boiler 15 so that the load of the fuel boiler 15 maintains the minimum value (F1 minimum load), it is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam to the atmosphere and to prevent the loss of steam accompanying such discharge. Thus, it is possible to obtain a composite boiler system having the above-described effect of improving energy efficiency.

図３は本発明の第２実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの制御ブロック図である。
図３において、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷検出器０８ａからの排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷（蒸気量）の検出値、前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷検出器０８ｂからの排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷（蒸気量）の検出値は負荷コントローラ２５の排ガスボイラ合計負荷算出部２５５に入力される。
該排ガスボイラ合計負荷算出部２５５においては、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷の合計値即ち排ガスボイラ負荷合計値を算出して、ボイラ負荷比較部２５６に入力する。
該ボイラ負荷比較部２５６においては、前記燃料ボイラ負荷検出器０１９から入力される燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値と前記排ガスボイラ負荷合計値とを比較して、燃料ボイラ負荷検出値と排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との差である負荷偏差を算出して、排ガスボイラ合計負荷調整量算出部２５７に入力する。 FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the combined boiler system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, the detected value of the load (steam amount) of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a from the exhaust gas boiler (A) load detector 08a, the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b from the exhaust gas boiler (B) load detector 08b The detected value of the load (steam amount) is input to the exhaust gas boiler total load calculation unit 255 of the load controller 25.
In the exhaust gas boiler total load calculation unit 255, the total value of the load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the load of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b, that is, the exhaust gas boiler load total value is calculated and input to the boiler load comparison unit 256. To do.
In the boiler load comparison unit 256, the load detection value of the fuel boiler 15 input from the fuel boiler load detector 019 and the exhaust gas boiler load total value are compared, and the fuel boiler load detection value and the exhaust gas boiler load total are compared. A load deviation which is a difference from the value is calculated and input to the exhaust gas boiler total load adjustment amount calculation unit 257.

排ガスボイラ合計負荷調整量算出部２５７においては、前記負荷偏差に基づき、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が燃料ボイラ負荷検出器０１９で検出された燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値あるいは別個に設定された負荷設定値を一定に保持するに必要な、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷の合計値に対応する負荷調整量を算出する。
即ち、図５（Ｂ）のように、前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂが一定のＥ２負荷で運転されている際に前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａを起動したとき、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷の増加に従い前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を減少させるような負荷調整量を算出する。この負荷調整量の算出値は、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷調整量算出部２５８及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷調整量算出部２５９に入力される。 In the exhaust gas boiler total load adjustment amount calculation unit 257, based on the load deviation, the load of the fuel boiler 15 detected by the fuel boiler load detector 019 or a load setting set separately. A load adjustment amount corresponding to the total value of the load of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the load of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b necessary to keep the value constant is calculated.
That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, when the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a is started when the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is operated with a constant E2 load, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a A load adjustment amount that reduces the load on the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b as the load increases is calculated. The calculated value of the load adjustment amount is input to the exhaust gas boiler (A) load adjustment amount calculation unit 258 and the exhaust gas boiler (B) load adjustment amount calculation unit 259.

排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷調整量算出部２５８及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷調整量算出部２５８においては、排ガスボイラ合計負荷調整量算出部２５７からの負荷調整量の算出値と、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷検出器０８ａからの排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷検出値及び前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷検出器０８ｂからの排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷検出値と、前記熱源運転台数入力手段３０から入力される排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂのそれぞれに接続されている熱源１ａあるいは熱源１ｂの運転台数とによって、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷調整量及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷調整量をそれぞれ算出し、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）ダンパ開度算出部２６１及び、排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）ダンパ開度算出部２６０に入力する。   In the exhaust gas boiler (A) load adjustment amount calculation unit 258 and the exhaust gas boiler (B) load adjustment amount calculation unit 258, the calculated value of the load adjustment amount from the exhaust gas boiler total load adjustment amount calculation unit 257 and the exhaust gas boiler (A ) The load detection value of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a from the load detector 08a, the load detection value of the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b from the exhaust gas boiler (B) load detector 08b, and the heat source operation number input means 30 The load adjustment amount of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) depending on the number of operating heat sources 1a or heat sources 1b connected to the input exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. 2b is calculated, and the exhaust gas boiler (A) damper opening calculation unit 261 and the exhaust gas boiler (B) damper opening calculation unit 260 are calculated. Forces.

排ガスボイラ（Ａ）ダンパ開度算出部２６１及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）ダンパ開度算出部２６０においては、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷調整量算出部２５８及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷調整量算出部２５９にてそれぞれ算出された前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）の負荷調整量、及び前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）の負荷調整量に相当する、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）ダンパ開度及び排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）のダンパ開度をそれぞれ算出して、排ガスダンパ（Ａ）駆動装置５ａ，６ａ及び、排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）駆動装置５ｂ，６ｂにそれぞれ入力する。
該排ガスダンパ（Ａ）駆動装置５ａ，６ａによって排ガスダンパ３ａ，４ａの開度が前記開度設定値に設定され、排ガスダンパ（Ｂ）駆動装置５ｂ，６ｂによって排ガスダンパ３ｂ，４ｂの開度が前記開度に設定される。 In the exhaust gas boiler (A) damper opening calculation unit 261 and the exhaust gas boiler (B) damper opening calculation unit 260, the exhaust gas boiler (A) load adjustment amount calculation unit 258 and the exhaust gas boiler (B) load adjustment amount calculation unit 259. The exhaust gas boiler (A) damper opening and the exhaust gas boiler (B) damper opening corresponding to the exhaust gas boiler (A) load adjustment amount and the exhaust gas boiler (B) load adjustment amount respectively calculated by Are respectively input to the exhaust gas damper (A) driving devices 5a and 6a and the exhaust gas damper (B) driving devices 5b and 6b.
The exhaust gas dampers (A) drive devices 5a and 6a set the opening degree of the exhaust gas dampers 3a and 4a to the opening setting value, and the exhaust gas damper (B) drive devices 5b and 6b set the opening degree of the exhaust gas dampers 3b and 4b. The opening is set.

以上の動作によって、図５（Ｂ）のように、たとえば、前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂが一定のＥ２負荷で運転されている際に前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａを起動したとき、該排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａの負荷の増加に従い前記排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を減少させ、これにより、前記燃料ボイラ１５の負荷は、前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａあるいは排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷の変動に影響させることなく一定値（Ｆ１負荷）を保持することが可能となる。   With the above operation, as shown in FIG. 5B, for example, when the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a is started when the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is operated with a constant E2 load, the exhaust gas boiler (A) The load on the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b is decreased in accordance with the increase in the load on 2a, whereby the load on the fuel boiler 15 is the same as the load on the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a or the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b. It is possible to maintain a constant value (F1 load) without affecting the fluctuation.

かかる第２実施例によれば、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａあるいは排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの一方（たとえば排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂ）が通常運転中に、使用先負荷（工場負荷）一定の許で他方の排ガスボイラ（たとえば排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａ）を起動して負荷を増加していくような場合においては、燃料ボイラ１５の負荷検出値と、排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａと排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂとの負荷検出値の和である排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との負荷偏差を算出し、該負荷偏差に基づき燃料ボイラ１５の負荷が一定値を保持するように前記排ガスボイラ（Ａ）２ａと排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）２ｂの負荷を関連させて変化せしめるので、排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂの起動時や停止時のように、該排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂ側の負荷が変化しても、これに影響されることなく燃料ボイラ１５側の負荷を常時一定に保持することができ、該燃料ボイラ１５の負荷変動のない安定運転を保持できる。   According to the second embodiment, one of the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b (for example, the exhaust gas boiler (B) 2b) is allowed to have a constant usage load (factory load) during normal operation. In the case where the load is increased by starting the other exhaust gas boiler (for example, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a), the detected load value of the fuel boiler 15, the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a, and the exhaust gas boiler (B) The load deviation of the exhaust gas boiler load total value which is the sum of the load detection values with 2b is calculated, and the exhaust gas boiler (A) 2a and the exhaust gas are maintained so that the load of the fuel boiler 15 maintains a constant value based on the load deviation. Since the load of the boiler (B) 2b is changed in relation, even if the load on the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b changes, such as when the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b are started or stopped, this is affected. Load Rukoto without fuel boiler 15 side can be kept constant at all times, and can be held stable operation without load change 該燃Ryo boiler 15.

さらには、排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂの起動時等において、該排ガスボイラ２ａ，２ｂの一方側の負荷を増加していく場合においても、従来技術のように燃料ボイラ１５側の負荷の一時的減少の発生によって余剰蒸気が大気へ放出されるのを回避可能となって、かかる放出に伴なう蒸気の損失を防止できて、エネルギー効率を向上できる。   Further, even when the load on one side of the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b is increased at the time of starting the exhaust gas boilers 2a and 2b, the load on the fuel boiler 15 side is temporarily reduced as in the prior art. It is possible to avoid the release of surplus steam to the atmosphere due to the generation, and it is possible to prevent the loss of steam accompanying such release, and to improve energy efficiency.

本発明によれば、排ガスボイラと燃料ボイラとを併設してなる複合ボイラシステムにおいて、通常運転及び起動，停止時の双方で、余剰蒸気の放出を回避して蒸気の損失を低減可能ななるとともに、燃料の燃焼を必要とする燃料ボイラの負荷を必要最小限に抑えてエネルギー効率を向上でき、さらに手動による負荷操作を皆無として、プラントの運転操作性を向上可能とした複合ボイラシステムを提供できる。   According to the present invention, in a combined boiler system in which an exhaust gas boiler and a fuel boiler are provided side by side, it is possible to reduce the loss of steam by avoiding the discharge of excess steam both during normal operation and at startup and shutdown. , It is possible to improve the energy efficiency by minimizing the load of the fuel boiler that requires fuel combustion, and to provide a combined boiler system that can improve the operation operability of the plant without any manual load operation .

本発明の第１、第２実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the composite boiler system which concerns on the 1st, 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第１実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの制御ブロック図である。It is a control block diagram of the composite boiler system which concerns on 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第２実施例に係る複合ボイラシステムの制御ブロック図である。It is a control block diagram of the composite boiler system which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第１実施例における作用説明線図である。It is an effect explanatory view in the 1st example of the present invention. 本発明の第２実施例における作用説明線図である。It is operation | movement explanatory drawing in 2nd Example of this invention. 従来技術を示す図１対応図である。It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 1 which shows a prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ａ，１ｂ 熱源
２ａ 排ガスボイラ（Ａ）
２ｂ 排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）
３ａ，３ｂ 排ガスダンパ
４ａ，４ｂ 排ガスダンパ
５ａ，６ａ，５ｂ，６ｂ 排ガスダンパ駆動装置
７ａ，７ｂ 排ガスボイラ蒸気開閉弁
８ａ，８ｂ 蒸気開閉弁制御装置
０８ａ 排ガスボイラ（Ａ）負荷検出器
０８ｂ 排ガスボイラ（Ｂ）負荷検出器
９ａ，９ｂ 排ガス管
０１０ａ，０１０ｂ 排ガスバイパス管
１１ａ，１１ｂ 排ガスボイラ蒸気管
１４ 燃料ボイラ蒸気管
１５ 燃料ボイラ
１６ 大気放出弁
１７ 圧力調整弁
１８ 大気放出管
１９ 燃料ボイラ蒸気流量計
０１９ 燃料ボイラ負荷検出器
２１ 燃料流量調整弁
２３ 燃料ボイラ蒸気圧力計
２５ 負荷コントローラ 1a, 1b Heat source 2a Exhaust gas boiler (A)
2b Exhaust gas boiler (B)
3a, 3b Exhaust gas damper 4a, 4b Exhaust gas damper 5a, 6a, 5b, 6b Exhaust gas damper drive device 7a, 7b Exhaust gas boiler steam on / off valve 8a, 8b Steam on / off valve control device 08a Exhaust gas boiler (A) load detector 08b Exhaust gas boiler ( B) Load detector 9a, 9b Exhaust gas pipe 010a, 010b Exhaust gas bypass pipe 11a, 11b Exhaust gas boiler steam pipe 14 Fuel boiler steam pipe 15 Fuel boiler 16 Atmospheric discharge valve 17 Pressure regulating valve 18 Atmospheric discharge pipe 19 Fuel boiler steam flow meter 019 Fuel boiler load detector 21 Fuel flow adjustment valve 23 Fuel boiler steam pressure gauge 25 Load controller

Claims (13)

エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムにおいて、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出する燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段と、該燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段から入力される前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷を算出して、前記排ガスボイラの負荷を前記燃料ボイラの負荷が前記最小値を保持するように制御する負荷コントローラと、前記負荷コントローラからの前記排ガスボイラの負荷算出値に基づき前記排ガスボイラの負荷を調整する排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段とをそなえたことを特徴とする複合ボイラシステム。   An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, and an incinerator, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by the combustion of fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided, In a combined boiler system configured to combine exhaust gas boiler steam and fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler and supply the steam to a steam usage destination such as factory steam via a steam supply pipe, the load of the fuel boiler A fuel boiler load detecting means for detecting the exhaust gas boiler, and calculating a load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to a minimum load value of the fuel boiler based on a detected load value of the fuel boiler input from the fuel boiler load detecting means. A load controller for controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains the minimum value; and the load controller The exhaust gas boiler combined boiler system, characterized in that it includes the exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means for adjusting the load of the exhaust gas boiler on the basis of the load calculation value of. 前記負荷コントローラは、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が予め設定された下限負荷以下となったとき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷を前記燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少せしめるように構成されてなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の複合ボイラシステム。   The load controller is configured to decrease the load of the exhaust gas boiler in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler when the load of the fuel boiler becomes equal to or lower than a preset lower limit load. The composite boiler system according to claim 1. 前記排ガスボイラを複数台そなえ、前記負荷コントローラは、該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷の算出値に基づき、前記各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて各排ガスボイラの負荷配分を行なうように構成したことを特徴とする請求項１または２のいずれかの項に記載の複合ボイラシステム。   A plurality of the exhaust gas boilers are provided, and the load controller is based on the calculated value of the load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler according to the number of the heat sources connected to the exhaust gas boilers. The composite boiler system according to claim 1, wherein load distribution of each exhaust gas boiler is performed. エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法であって、前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷を算出し、この排ガスボイラ負荷算出値に基づき前記燃料ボイラの負荷が前記最小値を保持するように該排ガスボイラの負荷を制御することを特徴とする複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, and an incinerator, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by the combustion of fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided, An operation method of a combined boiler system configured to join exhaust gas boiler steam and fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler, and supply the steam use pipe such as in-factory steam through a steam supply pipe, Based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler, the load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler is calculated, and based on the calculated value of the exhaust gas boiler, the load of the fuel boiler holds the minimum value. And controlling the load of the exhaust gas boiler. 前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値が予め設定された下限負荷以下となったとき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷を前記燃料ボイラの負荷と連動させて減少しめることを特徴とする請求項４記載の複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   5. The combined boiler system according to claim 4, wherein when the load detection value of the fuel boiler becomes equal to or lower than a preset lower limit load, the load of the exhaust gas boiler is decreased in conjunction with the load of the fuel boiler. Driving method. 前記排ガスボイラを複数台設けて、該燃料ボイラの負荷の最小値に対応する前記排ガスボイラの負荷の算出値に基づき、前記各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて各排ガスボイラの負荷配分を行なうことを特徴とする請求項４記載の複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   A plurality of the exhaust gas boilers are provided. Based on the calculated value of the load of the exhaust gas boiler corresponding to the minimum value of the load of the fuel boiler, each exhaust gas boiler is configured according to the number of the heat sources connected to the exhaust gas boilers. 5. The method of operating a combined boiler system according to claim 4, wherein load distribution is performed. エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムにおいて、前記排ガスボイラを複数台そなえるとともに、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出する燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段を設け、該燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段から入力される前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷の変化状態において、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめる負荷コントローラと、前記負荷コントローラからの前記排ガスボイラの負荷算出値に基づき前記排ガスボイラの負荷を調整する排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段とをそなえたことを特徴とする複合ボイラシステム。   An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by the heat of exhaust gas from a heat source such as an engine, a gas turbine, and an incinerator, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by the combustion of fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal are provided, In a composite boiler system configured to merge exhaust gas boiler steam and fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler and supply the steam to a steam usage destination such as in-plant steam through a steam supply pipe, a plurality of the exhaust gas boilers A fuel boiler load detection means for detecting the load of the fuel boiler is provided, and based on the load detection value of the fuel boiler input from the fuel boiler load detection means, in the change state of the load of the exhaust gas boiler, A load controller that changes the load of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers in relation to each other so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value. And controller, combined boiler system, characterized in that it includes the exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means for adjusting the load of the exhaust gas boiler on the basis of the load calculated value of the exhaust gas boiler from the load controller. 前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷をそれぞれ検出する排ガスボイラ負荷検出手段を設け、
前記負荷コントローラは、前記燃料ボイラ負荷検出手段からの前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値と前記各排ガスボイラ負荷検出手段からの負荷検出値の和である排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との負荷偏差を算出し、該負荷偏差に基づき前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめることを特徴とする請求項７記載の複合ボイラシステム。 An exhaust gas boiler load detecting means for detecting the load of each of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers is provided,
The load controller calculates a load deviation between a load detection value of the fuel boiler from the fuel boiler load detection means and an exhaust gas boiler load total value that is a sum of load detection values from the exhaust gas boiler load detection means, 8. The combined boiler system according to claim 7, wherein the loads of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers are changed in relation to each other so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value based on the load deviation. 前記負荷コントローラは、前記負荷偏差に基づき算出した排ガスボイラの負荷を、各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて配分するように構成したことを特徴とする請求項７または８のいずれかの項に記載の複合ボイラシステム。   The load controller is configured to distribute the load of the exhaust gas boiler calculated based on the load deviation according to the number of the heat sources connected to each exhaust gas boiler. A combined boiler system according to any of the above sections. エンジン、ガスタービン、焼却炉等の熱源からの排ガスの熱により蒸気を発生する複数台の排ガスボイラと、石油燃料、石炭等の燃料の燃焼により蒸気を発生する燃料ボイラとを併設し、前記排ガスボイラからの排ガスボイラ蒸気と前記燃料ボイラからの燃料ボイラ蒸気とを合流させ、蒸気供給管を介して工場内蒸気等の蒸気使用先に送給するように構成された複合ボイラシステムの運転方法であって、前記燃料ボイラの負荷を検出し、該燃料ボイラの負荷検出値に基づき、前記排ガスボイラの負荷の変化状態において、前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化させることを特徴とする複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   A plurality of exhaust gas boilers that generate steam by the heat of exhaust gas from heat sources such as engines, gas turbines, incinerators, and the like, and a fuel boiler that generates steam by combustion of fuel such as petroleum fuel and coal, and the exhaust gas An operation method of a combined boiler system configured to join exhaust gas boiler steam from a boiler and fuel boiler steam from the fuel boiler, and supply them to a steam usage destination such as in-plant steam via a steam supply pipe. And detecting the load of the fuel boiler and, based on the detected load value of the fuel boiler, in the change state of the load of the exhaust gas boiler, the plurality of exhaust gases so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value. A method for operating a combined boiler system, wherein the load on the boiler is changed in association with the boiler load. 前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷をそれぞれ検出し、前記燃料ボイラの負荷検出値と前記各排ガスボイラの負荷検出値の和である排ガスボイラ負荷合計値との負荷偏差を算出し、該負荷偏差に基づき前記燃料ボイラの負荷が一定値を保持するように前記複数台の排ガスボイラの負荷を関連させて変化せしめることを特徴とする請求項１０記載の複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   Detecting the load of each of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers, calculating a load deviation between a load detection value of the fuel boiler and an exhaust gas boiler load total value which is a sum of the load detection values of the exhaust gas boilers, and calculating the load deviation 11. The method of operating a combined boiler system according to claim 10, wherein the load of the plurality of exhaust gas boilers is changed in association with each other so that the load of the fuel boiler maintains a constant value. 前記負荷偏差に基づき算出した排ガスボイラの負荷を、各排ガスボイラに接続される前記熱源の数に応じて配分することを特徴とする請求項１１記載の複合ボイラシステムの運転方法。   The operation method of the combined boiler system according to claim 11, wherein the load of the exhaust gas boiler calculated based on the load deviation is distributed according to the number of the heat sources connected to each exhaust gas boiler. 前記排ガスボイラ負荷調整手段は、前記排ガスボイラへの排ガス量を変化せしめる排ガスダンパにて構成され、該排ガスダンパにより前記排ガスボイラをバイパスする排ガス量を変化せしめることにより前記排ガスボイラに供給される排ガス量を調整するように構成されてなることを特徴とする請求項１〜３及び請求項７〜９のいずれかの項に記載の複合ボイラシステム。
The exhaust gas boiler load adjusting means includes an exhaust gas damper that changes the amount of exhaust gas to the exhaust gas boiler, and the exhaust gas supplied to the exhaust gas boiler by changing the amount of exhaust gas that bypasses the exhaust gas boiler by the exhaust gas damper The combined boiler system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 7 to 9, wherein the combined boiler system is configured to adjust the amount.
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