JP2006333804A - Culture soil for plant growth regulation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a culture soil for plant growth regulation, having good workability, friendly to the environment, having low toxicity, exhibiting excellent growth retarding effect by surely suppressing the succulent growth of a plant and capable of improving the quality of horticultural plants and farm crops. <P>SOLUTION: The culture soil for plant growth regulation contains cinnamic acid. The soil improves the commercial value of horticultural plants by suppressing the succulent growth and arranging the form of the plant and improves the productivity of farm crops by preventing the succulent growth of seedling to realize the space-saving raising seedling work. The soil is effective for the prevention of root rot caused by pathogenic microbes and the withering of leaves and has high safety. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、植物の矮化に有効な植物成長調節用栽培用土に関する。さらに詳しくは、園芸作物については植物の徒長を抑制し形態を整えることにより商品価値を向上させ、農作物については苗の徒長を防止し省スペースの育苗を実現することにより生産性を改善させ、加えて病原菌による根腐れや葉の枯死の予防にも有効な、安全性の高い植物成長調節用栽培用土に関する。   The present invention relates to a plant growth-regulating cultivation soil that is effective for plant hatching. More specifically, with regard to horticultural crops, the product value is improved by suppressing plant height and arranging the form, and for crops, productivity is improved by preventing seed length and realizing space-saving seedling growth. The present invention relates to a highly safe soil for plant growth cultivation that is effective in preventing root rot and leaf death caused by pathogenic bacteria.

従来から植物の矮化は各方面で注目され、研究されてきた。例えば、鉢物は鉢と植物体とのバランスが大切であり、一般的には生育状態のしまった、草丈の短い植物体の鉢が高品質とされており、鉢物の高品質生産のためには適切な矮化技術が必須である。また、農業分野の野菜栽培においてはセル成型苗の利用が急増しているが、セル成型苗は高密度に苗を生産するため徒長しやすく、徒長防止策としての有効な矮化技術が求められている。このように今日では園芸・農業両分野において植物の矮化技術が必要不可欠なものとなっている。   Traditionally, hatching of plants has attracted attention and has been studied in various fields. For example, the balance between pots and plants is important for pots, and generally plant pots with short plant heights that have grown are considered to be of high quality. Appropriate hatching techniques are essential. In addition, the use of cell-molded seedlings is rapidly increasing in vegetable cultivation in the agricultural field, but cell-molded seedlings are easy to grow because they produce seedlings at a high density, and effective hatching techniques are required as measures to prevent them. ing. Thus, plant hatching techniques are indispensable today in both horticulture and agriculture.

植物の矮化技術には、矮化剤の使用、肥料成分の減少、潅水の制限、送風や接触刺激、塩分ストレスなどがあるが、手間やコストそして効果の再現性、さらには実施の際の簡便性を考慮すると矮化剤の使用が有利である。   Plant hatching techniques include the use of dwarfing agents, reduction of fertilizer components, irrigation restrictions, ventilation and contact irritation, salinity stress, etc., but the effort, cost and reproducibility of the effects, as well as the implementation Considering simplicity, the use of a sooting agent is advantageous.

現在、植物の矮化によく使用される薬剤には、ダミノジット剤、クロルメコート液剤、パクロブトラゾール粒剤、ウニコナゾール剤などがあるが、いずれも合成化合物を主成分とする化学農薬であり、これらの中には変異原性が報告されているものもあり、また、過剰使用の際に薬害が心配されるものも少なくない。   Currently, the drugs often used for plant hatching include daminogit, chlormecote solution, paclobutrazole granules, and uniconazole, all of which are chemical pesticides based on synthetic compounds. Some have been reported mutagenic, and many are worried about phytotoxicity when used excessively.

これらのうち、多くの化学農薬は使用濃度に依存する薬効成分であるため、薬害の回避方法や使用時期の選定などに知識と経験が必要とされ、その使用には細心の注意が必要となるばかりでなく、実際に薬害や環境汚染の発生が現実的なものとなる危惧も生じている。   Of these, many chemical pesticides are medicinal ingredients that depend on the concentration used, so knowledge and experience are required to select methods for avoiding phytotoxicity and when to use them, and careful use is required for their use. In addition, there is a concern that the actual occurrence of phytotoxicity and environmental pollution will be realistic.

しかしながら、薬害や環境汚染の発生の恐れのない矮化剤の提案は見当たらず、環境に優しく人体に安全で、しかも低コストかつ簡便で作業性の良好な矮化剤の登場が強く望まれている。   However, there is no proposal of a moisturizing agent that does not cause the risk of phytotoxicity or environmental pollution, and there is a strong demand for the emergence of a moisturizing agent that is environmentally friendly, safe for the human body, low in cost, simple, and has good workability Yes.

従来の矮化剤は葉や茎から矮化成分が吸収される葉面散布剤と根から矮化成分が吸収され、矮化効果を発現する土壌潅注剤に分けられる。葉面散布剤は２００倍前後の希釈水溶液にして、霧吹きで葉面に散布するもので、新芽が伸び始めたころに処理するのが効果的であるが、植物によっては効果が発現されないものもある。   Conventional hatching agents are classified into a foliar spray that absorbs hatching components from leaves and stems and a soil irrigation agent that absorbs hatching components from the roots and exhibits hatching effects. The foliar spray is a 200-fold diluted aqueous solution and sprayed on the foliage by spraying, and it is effective to treat when the sprout begins to grow, but some plants may not be effective. is there.

また、葉面や茎に薬剤が残留するので、当該植物体に接触することにより人体に薬剤が移行することがあり、薬剤の毒性が高い場合は安全性が問題となる。一方、土壌潅注剤は直接土壌もしくは栽培土に薬剤を施すもので、比較的矮化効果を発現しやすく、植物体表面には薬剤の付着がないので、植物体表面から人体への薬剤の移行は考慮する必要がないが、土壌潅注剤の場合、使用時に鉢毎に水溶液の量を量りとり潅注しなくてはならず、実際に大量の苗を処理する場合は膨大な手間と時間がかかり、実用的な方法とはなっていない。   Moreover, since a chemical | medical agent remains on a leaf surface or a stem, a chemical | medical agent may transfer to a human body by contacting the said plant body, and safety | security becomes a problem when the toxicity of a chemical | medical agent is high. On the other hand, soil irrigation agent is a drug applied directly to soil or cultivated soil, which is relatively easy to hatch and there is no adhesion of the drug to the plant surface, so the drug transfer from the plant surface to the human body However, in the case of soil irrigation agent, it is necessary to measure and irrigate the amount of aqueous solution for each pot at the time of use, and it takes a lot of labor and time when actually processing a large amount of seedlings. It has not become a practical method.

本発明者らは桂皮酸が園芸作物や農作物の徒長を良好に防止し、優れた矮化剤として機能することを見出し、桂皮酸を含有することを特徴とする植物成長調節剤の発明（特許文献１）を完成し、環境に優しく人体に安全で、低コストに利用できる矮化剤を開示したが、使用形態が液状を主体としており、桂皮酸を栽培用土に添加する手間は必須なものとして作業者の負荷となっており、より手間の掛からない手段が求められていた。   The inventors of the present invention have found that cinnamic acid can prevent horticultural crops and plant crops from growing well and function as an excellent dwarfing agent, and an invention of a plant growth regulator characterized by containing cinnamic acid (patent) Reference 1) has been completed, and the environmentally friendly and safe human body has been disclosed for use at low cost. However, the use form is mainly liquid, and the effort to add cinnamic acid to the soil for cultivation is essential. As a result, there is a need for a means that requires less labor.

特開２００４−２９８１７６公報JP 2004-298176 A

本発明は上記の事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、本発明の目的は、良好な作業性を有するとともに、環境に優しく、毒性が少なく、植物体の徒長を確実に抑制することにより優れた矮化効果を発揮し、園芸作物や農作物の品質を高めることができる植物成長調節用栽培用土を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is excellent in having excellent workability, being environmentally friendly, less toxic, and reliably suppressing plant length. It is to provide a soil for plant growth regulation cultivation that exhibits a hatching effect and can enhance the quality of horticultural crops and agricultural crops.

本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、桂皮酸を予め混合した栽培用土を用いることにより、園芸作物や農作物の徒長が良好に防止され、優れた矮化機能が発現されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明は、桂皮酸を含有することを特徴とする植物成長調節用栽培用土を提供する。 As a result of intensive research to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present inventors have successfully prevented horticultural crops and crops from growing by using a cultivation soil premixed with cinnamic acid, and excellent hatching. The present inventors have found that the function is expressed and have completed the present invention.
That is, this invention provides the soil for cultivation for plant growth control characterized by containing a cinnamic acid.

本発明によれば、良好な作業性を有するとともに、環境に優しく、毒性が少なく安全で、植物体の徒長を確実に抑制することにより優れた矮化効果を発揮し、園芸作物や農作物の品質を高めることができる植物成長調節用栽培用土が提供される。   According to the present invention, it has good workability, is environmentally friendly, has low toxicity, is safe, exhibits an excellent hatching effect by reliably suppressing plant length, and quality of horticultural crops and agricultural crops The soil for cultivation for plant growth regulation which can raise is provided.

次に本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。本発明で矮化成分として使用される桂皮酸は、植物関連の天然に存在する物質であり、さらに食品添加物でもあるので、極めて安全性が高い物質である。桂皮酸は抗菌・防黴作用をも有する（特開平５−１１７１２５号公報）ので、本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土は、植物体の矮化のみならず、環境衛生の保持にも効果を発揮する。   Next, the present invention will be described in more detail. Cinnamic acid used as a hatching component in the present invention is a plant-related naturally occurring substance and also a food additive, and is therefore a very safe substance. Since cinnamic acid also has antibacterial and antifungal actions (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-117125), the soil for cultivating plants according to the present invention is effective not only for hatching plants but also for maintaining environmental sanitation. Demonstrate.

本発明における矮化の対象植物としては、園芸作物としてはポインセチア、ゼラニウム、ハイドランジア、ペンタス、キク、ユリ、アサガオ、ペチュニアなどが挙げられるが、特に、ポインセチアおよびペンタスに対して効果が大きい。また、農作物では、広く野菜類が対象植物として挙げられるが、ハクサイ、キャベツ、にんじん、ネギ、玉ネギ、チンゲンサイ、大根、レタス、さやえんどう、カリフラワー、ブロッコリー、ごぼう、二十日大根、蕪、トマト、きゅうり、ナス、かぼちゃ、スイカ、プリンスメロン、まくわうり、メロンなどに対し効果が大きい。   As plants to be hatched in the present invention, horticultural crops include poinsettia, geranium, hydrandia, pentas, chrysanthemum, lily, morning glory, petunia and the like, and are particularly effective against poinsettia and pentas. In addition, vegetables are widely cited as target plants in crops, but Chinese cabbage, cabbage, carrots, green onions, onions, chingensai, radish, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli, burdock, twentieth radish, persimmon, tomato, Great effect on cucumbers, eggplants, pumpkins, watermelons, prince melons, makuwari, melons, etc.

矮化成分をその作用性から分類すると抗オーキシン性と抗ジベレリン性に分けられるが、本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土に用いられる矮化成分は抗オーキシン性類似の作用を示す。すなわち、本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土中の矮化成分である桂皮酸が細胞の***と伸長に関与する植物ホルモンであるオーキシンの作用を撹乱し、細胞***の抑制、呼吸作用の異常増進などが生じ、節間伸長が抑制されて矮化効果が発現されると推定される。本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土は、節間伸長を抑制することにより、草姿を改善した高品位化鉢物の生産を可能にし、セル成型野菜苗の徒長を防止できる他、着花促進効果をも有しているので利用価値が高い。   The hatching component is classified into anti-auxin and anti-gibberellin if classified according to its activity, but the hatching component used in the cultivation soil for plant growth regulation of the present invention exhibits an anti-auxin-like activity. That is, cinnamic acid, which is a hatching component in the plant growth regulating cultivation soil of the present invention, disturbs the action of auxin, a plant hormone involved in cell division and elongation, and suppresses cell division and abnormally enhances respiratory action. It is presumed that the hatching effect is expressed by suppressing internode elongation. The soil for cultivating plant growth regulation of the present invention enables the production of high-grade potted plants with improved grass shape by suppressing internode elongation, and prevents the length of cell-molded vegetable seedlings, and also promotes flowering. It also has a high utility value.

本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土は、例えば、それを種々の形態の栽培用の鉢やポット、あるいは花壇に充填するか、すでに充填された別の栽培用土上に散布するなどの方法により植物の根の周辺に配置する。このようにすることで、当該植物が根の周辺に存在する有効成分である桂皮酸を水溶液や分散液などとして吸い上げることにより、矮化効果が発揮される。   The soil for cultivating plant growth regulation according to the present invention can be obtained by, for example, filling the plant in various forms of cultivation pots and pots, or flower beds, or spraying it on another cultivated soil already filled. Place around the root of the tree. In this way, the hatching effect is exhibited by sucking cinnamic acid, which is an active ingredient present in the vicinity of the roots, as an aqueous solution or dispersion.

本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土の使用形態は、特に制限されないが、植物苗などを生産する際に、栽培用の鉢やポット中に通常の栽培用用土の替わりに本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土を充填して使用する。このようにすれば、後に矮化剤を添加する手間が完全に省け、省エネかつ効率的な植物栽培が可能となる。   The use form of the cultivation soil for plant growth regulation of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when producing plant seedlings and the like, the plant growth regulation of the present invention is used instead of the ordinary cultivation soil in pots and pots for cultivation. Fill with soil for cultivation. In this way, it is possible to completely save the trouble of adding a potting agent later, and it is possible to perform energy-saving and efficient plant cultivation.

本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土を施用する際には、本植物成長調節用栽培用土を栽培用容器や花壇などに充填するか、またはすでに充填した別の用土中に混入させるか、またはその既設の用土面に散布するなどして、水やり時に矮化成分である桂皮酸が用土中に拡散するように配置する。本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土中の桂皮酸量は植物の種類や大きさに合わせて異なるが、例えば、ポインセチア（ミレニアム）の場合、５号鉢中の用土（約６００ｇ、含水率１５％程度）に対して０．１〜２．０質量％程度の量である。   When applying the cultivation soil for plant growth regulation according to the present invention, the cultivation soil for plant growth regulation is filled in a cultivation container or a flower bed, or mixed in another already filled soil, or the It is arranged so that the cinnamic acid, which is a hatching component, diffuses into the soil during watering, for example by spraying it on the existing soil surface. The amount of cinnamic acid in the cultivation soil for plant growth regulation of the present invention varies depending on the type and size of the plant. For example, in the case of poinsettia (millennium), the soil in No. 5 pot (about 600 g, moisture content 15% Degree) to about 0.1 to 2.0% by mass.

このようにして、本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土で野菜・果実・花卉などの農園芸産物を栽培すると、水やり時に矮化成分である桂皮酸が用土中に拡散し、十分な矮化効果が発揮されるとともに、桂皮酸の持つ抗菌・防黴性も有効に作用し、汚染菌や悪臭の発生も抑制される。また、本発明の植物成長調節用栽培用土には本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で添加剤、抗菌剤、防黴剤などを加えることができる。   Thus, when cultivating agricultural and horticultural products such as vegetables, fruits and flower buds in the plant growth regulating cultivation soil of the present invention, the cinnamic acid which is a hatching component diffuses into the soil during watering, and sufficient hatching In addition to exerting its effect, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of cinnamic acid are also effective, and the generation of contaminating bacteria and offensive odor is suppressed. Moreover, an additive, an antibacterial agent, a fungicide, etc. can be added to the soil for cultivation for plant growth control of the present invention within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.

本発明によれば、予め桂皮酸の適当量を栽培用土に混合し、桂皮酸混合栽培用土となし、この桂皮酸混合栽培用土を栽培用基材としてポットや花壇に充填することができる。このようにすれば、量りとった桂皮酸をいちいちポットや花壇に添加する手間が省け、大幅な効率アップが実現できる。桂皮酸の混合量としては、植物の種類により異なるが、桂皮酸混合栽培用土に対して０．０００１〜２．０質量％の範囲で好適に用いられるが、特に０．１〜１．０質量％の範囲で好適に用いられる。桂皮酸混合量が多すぎると植物の成育に悪い影響を与える場合があり、少なすぎると十分な効果が発揮されない場合がある。   According to the present invention, an appropriate amount of cinnamic acid can be mixed in advance with the soil for cultivation to form a soil for mixed cinnamic acid cultivation, and this soil for mixed cinnamic acid cultivation can be filled into pots and flower beds as a cultivation base material. In this way, it is possible to save the labor of adding the weighed cinnamic acid to the pot and flower bed, and to achieve a significant increase in efficiency. Although the amount of cinnamic acid mixed varies depending on the type of plant, it is preferably used in the range of 0.0001 to 2.0% by mass with respect to the cinnamic acid mixed cultivation soil. % Is suitably used. If the amount of cinnamic acid mixed is too large, it may adversely affect the growth of the plant, and if it is too small, sufficient effects may not be exhibited.

次に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。なお、文中の「部」または「％」は質量基準であり、桂皮酸の使用量は、桂皮酸および栽培用土の合計量１００部に対する量である。   Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the text, “parts” or “%” are based on mass, and the amount of cinnamic acid used is an amount relative to 100 parts of the total amount of cinnamic acid and soil for cultivation.

実施例１
［ポインセチア苗に対する桂皮酸混合栽培用土の矮化効果試験］
（１）桂皮酸混合栽培用土
市販栽培用土（含水率１５．６％）に、その全乾用土に対し０．２％、０．５％、および１．０％相当の桂皮酸粉末を加え、均一になるように良く混合し、桂皮酸混合栽培用土を作成した。 Example 1
[Test of hatching effect of soil for mixed cultivation of cinnamic acid on poinsettia seedlings]
(1) Cinnamic acid mixed cultivation soil Add cinnamic acid powder corresponding to 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% of the total dry soil to commercially available cultivation soil (water content 15.6%), The mixture was mixed well so as to be uniform to prepare a cinnamic acid mixed cultivation soil.

（２）桂皮酸混合栽培用土の矮化効果試験
草丈８ｃｍのポインセチア苗を上記の桂皮酸混合栽培用土（約６００ｇ、含水率１５．６％）入りの５号鉢（直径１４．５ｃｍ、深さ１４．５ｃｍ）各６鉢ずつに定植し、栽培を開始し、定植から４０日目に、栽培鉢の用土面からポインセチア植物体の頭頂部までの長さ（草丈）を測定し、下記式で矮化率を算出し、桂皮酸混合栽培用土のポインセチア苗に対する矮化効果を調べた。なお、対照は通常の栽培用土（６鉢）を用いて栽培したポインセチア苗の草丈とした。表１に矮化効果試験の結果を示した。
矮化率（％）＝〔（対照の草丈−桂皮酸混合栽培用土の草丈）／対照の草丈〕×１００ (2) Hatching effect test of soil for mixed cinnamate mixed cultivation No. 5 pot (diameter 14.5 cm, depth) containing poinsettia seedlings with a plant height of 8 cm containing the above cinnamate mixed culture soil (about 600 g, moisture content 15.6%) 14.5 cm) Planted in 6 pots each, started cultivation, and on the 40th day after planting, measured the length (plant height) from the soil surface of the cultivation pot to the top of the poinsettia plant body, The hatching rate was calculated, and the hatching effect on the poinsettia seedling of the cinnamic acid mixed cultivation soil was examined. In addition, the control | contrast was made into the plant height of the poinsettia seedling grown using normal soil for cultivation (six pots). Table 1 shows the results of the hatching effect test.
Hatching rate (%) = [(plant height of control-plant height of cinnamic acid mixed cultivation) / plant height of control] × 100

以上の本発明によれば、良好な作業性を有するとともに、環境に優しく、毒性が少なく安全で、植物体の徒長を確実に抑制することにより優れた矮化効果を発揮し、園芸作物や農作物の品質を高めることができる植物成長調節用栽培用土が提供される。
According to the present invention as described above, it has excellent workability, is environmentally friendly, has low toxicity and is safe, exhibits an excellent hatching effect by reliably suppressing plant length, and can be used for horticultural crops and agricultural crops. The soil for cultivation for plant growth regulation which can raise the quality of is provided.

Claims (1)

桂皮酸を含有することを特徴とする植物成長調節用栽培用土。
Cultivation soil for controlling plant growth characterized by containing cinnamic acid.