JP2006290854A - Whisker-reinforced ceramic for dental use and method for producing the same under normal pressure - Google Patents

Whisker-reinforced ceramic for dental use and method for producing the same under normal pressure Download PDF

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JP2006290854A
JP2006290854A JP2005136609A JP2005136609A JP2006290854A JP 2006290854 A JP2006290854 A JP 2006290854A JP 2005136609 A JP2005136609 A JP 2005136609A JP 2005136609 A JP2005136609 A JP 2005136609A JP 2006290854 A JP2006290854 A JP 2006290854A
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whisker
dental
ceramic
normal pressure
ceramics
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Yoshihiro Takao
善裕 高雄
Fumisato O
文学 汪
Akitake Matsubara
監壮 松原
Shinichi Ukon
晋一 右近
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an alumina whisker-reinforced ceramic for dental use and to provide a method for producing the same under normal pressure. <P>SOLUTION: The ceramic for dental use is obtained by mixing the whisker with a ceramic matrix in a liquid in a mortar and then sintering at a sintering temperature adjusted at higher than the sintering temperature in the absence of the whisker expressed by the following equation, T=T<SB>0</SB>(1+W<SB>wp</SB>)±10°C, T<SB>0</SB>is the sintering temperature of the ceramic in the absence of the whisker, W<SB>wp</SB>is content of the whisker in weight percentage, and the whisker-reinforced ceramic is easy to process in dental work. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、高い圧力の要らないウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスの常圧製造方法に関するものである。  The present invention relates to a normal pressure manufacturing method for whisker-reinforced dental ceramics that does not require high pressure.

歯科材料として金属、コンポジットレジン、セラミックスがよく用いられている。中でもセラミックスは耐磨耗性、生体への適合性及び審美性に優れるため、修復・補綴材料またはオールセラミックスクラウン材料として高い評価が得られている。特に天然歯に近いオールセラミックスクラウンに対する市場の要求が高まってきている。しかし現在よく用いられている歯科用セラミックスは一般的に曲げ強度や破壊靭性が不十分であり、強く噛み合うところでは欠けやすく、割れやすい。市場の要求を応えるためには、歯科用セラミックスの曲げ強度や破壊靭性の強化は不可欠である。セラミックス材料の曲げ強度や破壊靭性を改善する手段として、セラミックスウイスカーでセラミックスマトリックスを複合強化する方法が知られている。この複合化において高い曲げ強度及び破壊靭性を得るためには、ホットプレスなどによる加圧焼結方法が一般的である。しかし、このような製造方法は特別な装置を必要とし、また製造過程も複雑になり、患者個々のセラミックス歯冠の製造コストは高いものとなる。よって、このような複合化を歯科用セラミックスに適用し、その曲げ強度及び破壊靭性を改善するためには、特別な装置の要らない常圧製造法の発明が必要である。  Metals, composite resins, and ceramics are often used as dental materials. Among them, ceramics are highly evaluated as a restoration / prosthetic material or an all-ceramic crown material because of excellent wear resistance, compatibility with living bodies, and aesthetics. In particular, the market demand for all ceramic crowns close to natural teeth is increasing. However, dental ceramics that are often used at present are generally insufficient in bending strength and fracture toughness, and are easily chipped and cracked when they are strongly engaged. In order to meet market demand, it is essential to enhance the bending strength and fracture toughness of dental ceramics. As a means for improving the bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic materials, there is known a method in which a ceramic matrix is reinforced with ceramic whiskers. In order to obtain high bending strength and fracture toughness in this composite, a pressure sintering method such as hot pressing is generally used. However, such a manufacturing method requires a special device, and the manufacturing process becomes complicated, and the manufacturing cost of the individual ceramic tooth crown becomes high. Therefore, in order to apply such compounding to dental ceramics and improve its bending strength and fracture toughness, an invention of a normal pressure manufacturing method that does not require a special device is required.

一般的に、ウイスカーでセラミックスを複合強化するとき、ウイスカー分散の不均一性や凝集などに起因する欠陥や緻密化の低下によって、常圧焼結での強度及び靭性の改善はかなり困難である。この困難を克服ためにこれまで加熱加圧方法が取られてきたが、本発明の目的は、加圧を要しない、歯科技工操作が簡便で、曲げ強度及び破壊靭性を改善できるウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックス常圧製造法を提供することにある。  In general, when ceramics are reinforced with whiskers, it is very difficult to improve strength and toughness at normal pressure sintering due to defects caused by non-uniformity and aggregation of whisker dispersion and reduction in densification. In order to overcome this difficulty, a heating and pressing method has been used so far, but the object of the present invention is to provide a whisker-reinforced dental material that does not require pressurization, has a simple dental technician operation, and can improve bending strength and fracture toughness. The object is to provide a method for producing ceramics under normal pressure.

上記目的を達成するための本発明によるウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックス常圧製造法は、乳鉢を用いてウイスカーとセラミックスマトリックスを液体中で混合することと焼結温度をウイスカーの無いときのセラミックスの焼結温度より一定温度高く制御することを構成の特徴とする。  In order to achieve the above object, the method for producing whisker-reinforced dental ceramics under normal pressure according to the present invention comprises mixing a whisker and a ceramic matrix in a liquid using a mortar and sintering the ceramic when the whisker is not used. A feature of the configuration is to control the temperature higher than the temperature by a certain temperature.

本発明のウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスを構成するウイスカーはアルミナを主成分とする酸化物系セラミックスウイスカーとし、直径が0.5〜1.0μm、長さが10〜30μmであることが好ましい。一方、マトリックスとなるセラミックス粉末は、シリカを主成分とする市販の歯科用陶材であればよい。  The whisker constituting the whisker-reinforced dental ceramic of the present invention is an oxide-based ceramic whisker mainly composed of alumina, and preferably has a diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 μm and a length of 10 to 30 μm. On the other hand, the ceramic powder as the matrix may be a commercially available dental porcelain mainly composed of silica.

複合材の原料配合率はマトリックスのセラミックス粉末に対して、ウイスカーの重量パーセントとして5%あるいはその以下に設定することが好ましい。ウイスカーの配合率が5%を越えると、ウイスカーの分散の不均一性や凝集などを招き、焼結性が悪くなる。その結果、常圧焼結体は透明感を失い、強度と破壊靭性も低下する。  The raw material blending ratio of the composite material is preferably set to 5% or less as a weight percentage of whiskers with respect to the ceramic powder of the matrix. When the blending ratio of the whisker exceeds 5%, non-uniformity of the whisker dispersion or aggregation is caused and the sinterability is deteriorated. As a result, the normal pressure sintered body loses transparency, and the strength and fracture toughness are also lowered.

ウイスカーとセラミックスマトリックスとの複合粉末は乳鉢を用いた液式混合と乾燥によって作製される。先ずウイスカーの凝集をほぐすため、ウイスカーと蒸留水を乳鉢に入れて均一になるまで攪拌する。続いて、セラミックスマトリックスを乳鉢に混合し均一になるまで攪拌する。その後、得られた複合系液状原料を自然乾燥または加熱乾燥して複合系粉末を作製する。加熱乾燥を採用するときの液温は60〜80℃の範囲が好ましい。  The composite powder of whisker and ceramic matrix is prepared by liquid mixing using a mortar and drying. First, whiskers and distilled water are placed in a mortar and stirred until they are uniform in order to loosen whisker aggregation. Subsequently, the ceramic matrix is mixed in a mortar and stirred until uniform. Thereafter, the obtained composite liquid raw material is naturally dried or heat-dried to produce a composite powder. The liquid temperature when employing heat drying is preferably in the range of 60 to 80 ° C.

上記の複合粉末を素材に歯冠を作製する方法として、現在歯科技工士によく用いられている築盛法を採用する。焼結温度をT=T(1+Wwp)±10℃の範囲に制御する。Tはウィスカーの添加が無いときの歯科用セラミックスの焼成温度、Wwpはウイスカーの重量パーセントである。焼結温度の違いを除き焼結プロセスはウイスカーの無いセラミックス原料を用いる歯科用常圧(減圧脱泡過程を含む)焼結プロセスと同じである。As a method for producing a crown from the above composite powder, a construction method that is often used by dental technicians is employed. The sintering temperature is controlled in the range of T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C. T o the firing temperature, W wp of dental ceramics when the addition of whiskers is not a weight percent of whiskers. Except for the difference in sintering temperature, the sintering process is the same as the dental normal pressure (including vacuum degassing process) sintering process using ceramic raw materials without whiskers.

上記の本発明の常圧製造法によって製作されるウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスは、従来の歯科用セラミックスより20%の曲げ強度の上昇及び23%〜40%破壊靭性の向上を得ることができる。  The whisker-reinforced dental ceramic produced by the above-described normal pressure production method of the present invention can obtain a 20% increase in bending strength and a 23% to 40% increase in fracture toughness than conventional dental ceramics.

本発明のウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックス常圧製造法は、特別な加圧装置を必要とせず、技工操作も従前通りと容易である。しかも、本発明によって作製されるウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスでは曲げ強度及び破壊靭性の向上が得られ、歯冠材料として有用である。また、歯科材料に限らず、一般的な低ウイスカー含有率のウイスカー強化セラミックスの常圧製作にも応用できる。  The whisker-reinforced dental ceramics normal pressure manufacturing method of the present invention does not require a special pressurizing device, and the technical operation is as easy as before. In addition, whisker-reinforced dental ceramics produced according to the present invention have improved bending strength and fracture toughness, and are useful as crown materials. Moreover, it can be applied not only to dental materials but also to normal pressure production of general whisker reinforced ceramics having a low whisker content.

発明を実施するための最良状態Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

本発明を実施するための最良状態は、焼結温度がT=T(1+Wwp)±10℃となり、ウイスカーの配合比率がセラミックスマトリックスに対し重量比で5:95となる状態である。The best state for carrying out the present invention is a state where the sintering temperature is T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C., and the mixing ratio of whiskers is 5:95 by weight with respect to the ceramic matrix.

マトリックスとして、歯科用セラミックス粉末スーパーポーセレンAAA(Noritake製)及びセラビアン(Noritake製)、強化材としてアルボレックスアルミナウイスカー(四国化成製)を用いてウイスカー強化セラミックスを作製し、3点曲げ試験及び圧子圧入試験(IF)による強度及び破壊靭性の測定を行った以下の実施例によって本発明を具体的に鋭明する。  Whisker reinforced ceramics were prepared using dental ceramic powder Super Porcelain AAA (manufactured by Noritake) and Serbian (manufactured by Noritake) as the matrix, and Arborex alumina whisker (manufactured by Shikoku Kasei) as the reinforcing material. The present invention is specifically sharpened by the following examples in which the strength and fracture toughness were measured by the test (IF).

ウイスカーとセラミックスマトリックスとの複合粉末は、乳鉢にアルミナウイスカーと蒸留水を入れ、15分間混合した後にセラミックス粉末を入れ、さらに15分間混合した後で乾燥することによって得られた。A composite powder of whisker and ceramic matrix was obtained by putting alumina whisker and distilled water in a mortar, mixing for 15 minutes, then adding ceramic powder, and further mixing for 15 minutes and then drying.

試験片は、IS06872を参照し、得られた粉末を蒸留水と調合した後に型枠に入れ、枠を軽く叩いて振動を与えながら表面に浮き出た水分を吸い取る作製方法によって矩形スラリーを作製し、このスラリーをT=T(1+Wwp)±10℃で1分間2回焼成することによって得られた。具体的には、1回目の焼成では、先ず650℃にて5分間乾燥し、次に650℃にて29mm/Hgに達するまで減圧し、続いて29mm/Hg減圧状態にて50℃/分の速度でT=T(1+Wwp)±10℃に達するまで温度を上げ、T=T(1+Wwp)±10℃に達した時点で減圧処理を止め、T=T(1+Wwp)±10℃にて1分間焼成した後に焼成した試験片を炉から取り出し、空気中にて室温まで冷却させる。2回目の焼成は、5分間の乾燥及び減圧を省いた以外、1回目と同じ要領である。その後、ダイヤモンドペーパー2000番(粗さ4〜8μm)までを用いて焼成後の試験片を鏡面に研磨仕上げた。最終的に1mmx3mmx20mmの3点曲げ試験片及び1mmx3mmx5mmの圧子圧入破壊靭性試験片を作製した。For the test piece, refer to IS06872, and after preparing the obtained powder with distilled water, put it in a mold, and make a rectangular slurry by a production method that sucks out the moisture that floats on the surface while tapping the frame and applying vibration. This slurry was obtained by baking twice for 1 minute at T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C. Specifically, in the first firing, first, drying is performed at 650 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then the pressure is reduced until reaching 29 mm / Hg at 650 ° C., and then 50 ° C./minute in a 29 mm / Hg reduced pressure state. The temperature is increased at a rate until T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C., and when T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C., the decompression process is stopped, and T = T o (1 + W wp ) ± After firing at 10 ° C. for 1 minute, the fired specimen is removed from the furnace and allowed to cool to room temperature in air. The second firing is the same procedure as the first except that drying and decompression for 5 minutes are omitted. Thereafter, the test piece after firing was polished to a mirror surface using diamond paper No. 2000 (roughness: 4 to 8 μm). Finally, a 1 mm × 3 mm × 20 mm three-point bending test piece and a 1 mm × 3 mm × 5 mm indenter press-fracture toughness test piece were prepared.

ポーセレンAAAとセラビアンを用いた実施例の試験結果を表1及び表2に示す。ウイスカーを添加しない試験片に比べ、本製造法で作製したウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスは20%近い高い曲げ強度及び23%〜40%高い破壊靭性を示した。Tables 1 and 2 show the test results of the examples using porcelain AAA and cerabian. Compared with the test piece to which no whisker was added, the whisker reinforced dental ceramics produced by this production method exhibited a high bending strength of nearly 20% and a fracture toughness of 23% to 40%.

Figure 2006290854
Figure 2006290854

Figure 2006290854
Figure 2006290854

Claims (2)

歯科用陶材(ガラスセラミックス)をマトリックスとし、アルミナを主成分とするウイスカーを強化材として5%以内添加して焼成するウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックス。  Whisker reinforced dental ceramics with dental porcelain (glass ceramics) as matrix and whisker containing alumina as a main component, added within 5% and fired. 歯科用陶材(ガラスセラミックス)をマトリックスとし、アルミナを主成分とするウイスカーを強化材として5%以内添加し、大気圧条件において焼成温度をT=T(1+Wwp)±10℃の範囲に制御したウイスカー強化歯科用セラミックスの常圧製造法。ここで、Tはウイスカーの添加が無いときの歯科用セラミックスの焼成温度、Wwpはウイスカーの重量パーセントである。Add dental porcelain (glass ceramics) as a matrix, whisker containing alumina as a main component within 5% as a reinforcing material, and set the firing temperature in the range of T = T 0 (1 + W wp ) ± 10 ° C. under atmospheric pressure conditions. Normal pressure production of controlled whisker reinforced dental ceramics. Here, T 0 is the firing temperature of the dental ceramic when no whisker is added, and W wp is the weight percent of the whisker.
JP2005136609A 2005-04-05 2005-04-05 Whisker-reinforced ceramic for dental use and method for producing the same under normal pressure Pending JP2006290854A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110028333A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-19 北京化工大学 Gear division reparation resin penetration zero dimension/one-dimensional porous ceramic composite and preparation method thereof
CN114209599A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-22 武汉高登齿科材料有限公司 Dental silicone rubber impression material and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110028333A (en) * 2019-03-06 2019-07-19 北京化工大学 Gear division reparation resin penetration zero dimension/one-dimensional porous ceramic composite and preparation method thereof
CN114209599A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-03-22 武汉高登齿科材料有限公司 Dental silicone rubber impression material and preparation method thereof

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