JP2006273664A - Casting mold for silicon casting, silicon casting device and method for casting polycrystalline silicon ingot - Google Patents

Casting mold for silicon casting, silicon casting device and method for casting polycrystalline silicon ingot Download PDF

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JP2006273664A
JP2006273664A JP2005095849A JP2005095849A JP2006273664A JP 2006273664 A JP2006273664 A JP 2006273664A JP 2005095849 A JP2005095849 A JP 2005095849A JP 2005095849 A JP2005095849 A JP 2005095849A JP 2006273664 A JP2006273664 A JP 2006273664A
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mold
silicon
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ingot
holding plate
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JP4863637B2 (en
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Yohei Sakai
洋平 坂井
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Kyocera Corp
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a casting mold for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot to inexpensively manufacture a high-quality silicon ingot. <P>SOLUTION: The casting mold for silicon casting has a release material film on the inner surface and functions to melt a silicon source material or hold a silicon melt inside, to solidify and then to cool. The casting mold member of the casting mold is made of a sintered body by sintering a powder essentially comprising silicon dioxide, and the casting mold member shows the thermal conductivity of 1.0 (W/(m×K)) or more at 900°C. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、太陽電池用シリコン基板などに用いられる多結晶シリコンインゴットを製造するのに適したシリコン鋳造用鋳型及びシリコン鋳造装置並びに多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法
に関するものである。
The present invention relates to a silicon casting mold and a silicon casting apparatus suitable for producing a polycrystalline silicon ingot used for a silicon substrate for solar cells and the like, and a casting method for a polycrystalline silicon ingot.

アメリカのPV NEWS紙によれば2003年の全世界の太陽電池生産量は744MWであり、過去10年間で12倍に増加した。この生産量の急激な伸びを牽引するのは90%近くを占める結晶シリコン型太陽電池、中でも全世界の太陽電池生産量に占める割合が60%を超え、今日最も多く製造されているキャスト(鋳込み)法で製造された多結晶シリコンインゴットを使用する多結晶シリコン太陽電池である。   According to the American PV NEWS newspaper, global solar cell production in 2003 was 744 MW, a 12-fold increase over the past decade. Crystalline silicon solar cells, which account for nearly 90%, are the driving force behind this rapid growth in production, and the proportion of solar cell production in the world exceeds 60%. This is a polycrystalline silicon solar cell using a polycrystalline silicon ingot manufactured by the method.

近年、環境問題への関心の高まりとともに太陽電池市場が急速に拡大する中、より低コストで高い変換効率の太陽電池が求められているが、多結晶シリコン太陽電池の変換効率や生産コストは使用する多結晶シリコンインゴットに大きく依存することから、多結晶シリコンインゴットの更なる高品質化と低コスト化が重要な課題となっている。   In recent years, with the growing interest in environmental issues, the solar cell market has been rapidly expanding, so solar cells with lower conversion costs and higher conversion efficiencies have been demanded, but the conversion efficiency and production costs of polycrystalline silicon solar cells are being used. Therefore, it is important to further improve the quality and cost of the polycrystalline silicon ingot.

キャスト(鋳込み)法による多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法は、加熱機構と冷却機構を備えた不活性雰囲気下の鋳造装置内において、シリコン原料とドーパントを加熱融解した融液を鋳型内に注ぎ、鋳型上部を加熱してシリコン表面を融液状態に保ちながら鋳型底面部から抜熱してシリコン融液を底部から頭部へ一方向凝固させたり、あるいはシリコン原料とドーパントを鋳型内で加熱融解してから融液を鋳型底面部より抜熱して一方向凝固させたりした後、鋳型内の高温のシリコンインゴットを徐冷し冷却する手法が一般的である。   A casting method of a polycrystalline silicon ingot by a casting method is performed by pouring a melt obtained by heating and melting a silicon raw material and a dopant into a mold in a casting apparatus under an inert atmosphere equipped with a heating mechanism and a cooling mechanism. Heating the top to keep the silicon surface in a molten state and removing heat from the bottom of the mold to solidify the silicon melt unidirectionally from the bottom to the head, or heat and melt the silicon raw material and dopant in the mold In general, after the melt is removed from the bottom surface of the mold and solidified in one direction, a high temperature silicon ingot in the mold is gradually cooled and cooled.

ここで鋳型内でシリコン融液を凝固させる際、内部にシリコン融液が入った鋳型の上部を加熱して常にシリコン融液の表面温度をシリコンの融点以上に保ちながら、鋳型底部を冷却してシリコン結晶を鋳型底部から上部に向かって一方向成長させる方法で製造される理由は、シリコンの固体の密度が2.33g/cmなのに対して液体の密度が2.54g/cmであるため、シリコンが凝固する際には1割弱もの体積膨張が生じるため、万一シリコン融液が表面から凝固し内部に融液が取り残された場合、最後に凝固する内部の融液が凝固膨張して周囲の結晶組織が割れてしまう為である。 Here, when solidifying the silicon melt in the mold, the top of the mold containing the silicon melt is heated to keep the surface temperature of the silicon melt at or above the melting point of silicon while cooling the bottom of the mold. The reason why the silicon crystal is manufactured by unidirectional growth from the bottom to the top of the mold is that the density of the solid of silicon is 2.33 g / cm 3 and the density of the liquid is 2.54 g / cm 3. When silicon is solidified, a volume expansion of almost 10% occurs. Therefore, if the silicon melt is solidified from the surface and the melt is left inside, the internal melt finally solidifies and expands. This is because the surrounding crystal structure is broken.

鋳造した多結晶シリコンインゴットから、結晶欠陥や異物、不純物の多いインゴット側面部や底面部、及び上面部を通常数mm以上切断除去した後、マルチワイヤーソーなどでインゴットをスライスして太陽電池用多結晶シリコン基板が得られる。   After cutting and removing the side surface, bottom surface, and top surface of an ingot with crystal defects, foreign substances, and impurities, usually several millimeters or more from the cast polycrystalline silicon ingot, the ingot is sliced with a multi-wire saw, etc. A crystalline silicon substrate is obtained.

キャスト(鋳込み)法による多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造工程で用いられるシリコン鋳造用鋳型としては、一般的に黒鉛や二酸化珪素からなる鋳型部材の内面に離型材皮膜を形成したものが用いられる。この離型材皮膜は、窒化珪素、炭化珪素、二酸化珪素等の粉末を適当なバインダーと水やアルコールなどの溶媒とからなる溶液中に混合して離型材スラリーとし、これを鋳型内面にコーティングすることが一般に知られている(例えば、非特許文献1参照)。   As a mold for casting silicon used in a casting process of a polycrystalline silicon ingot by a casting (casting) method, a mold having a release material film formed on the inner surface of a mold member made of graphite or silicon dioxide is generally used. This release material film is obtained by mixing a powder of silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide or the like into a solution containing a suitable binder and a solvent such as water or alcohol to form a release material slurry, which is then coated on the inner surface of the mold. Is generally known (see Non-Patent Document 1, for example).

二酸化珪素からなる鋳型は耐熱性や形状安定性に優れ、不純物含有量を少なくコントロールでき、シリコンを融解あるいは凝固させる1450℃程度の高温でも安定した物性を有することからシリコン鋳造用鋳型として適している。しかしながら回転モールド法や石英チューブを加工するなどして製造される従来の高純度石英ガラス製の鋳型は、再利用が困難なために、非常に高価であるにも関わらず使い捨てとなり鋳型コストが高いという問題があった。また、石英ガラス製の鋳型を繰り返し使用すると変形部分を起点にして鋳型が割れ、シリコン融液が漏れて高価なシリコン原料が無駄になるばかりでなく、高価なシリコン鋳造用装置を破損してしまう危険があり、やはり複数回の再利用が困難であるという問題があった。   A mold made of silicon dioxide is suitable as a mold for casting silicon because it has excellent heat resistance and shape stability, can control the content of impurities to a small extent, and has stable physical properties even at a high temperature of about 1450 ° C. that melts or solidifies silicon. . However, conventional high-purity quartz glass molds manufactured by processing the rotating mold method or quartz tube are difficult to reuse, so they are disposable and expensive because of their high cost. There was a problem. In addition, when a quartz glass mold is used repeatedly, the mold is cracked starting from the deformed portion, the silicon melt leaks and expensive silicon raw materials are wasted, and the expensive silicon casting apparatus is damaged. There was a problem that it was dangerous and it was difficult to reuse multiple times.

こうした問題点を回避するため、鋳型部材として高純度の黒鉛を用いて板状の鋳型側面部材と鋳型底面部材を作製し、それらを組立てて鋳型を作製する方法も試みられている(例えば特許文献1、特許文献2参照)。しかしながら、こうした鋳型は素材の高純度黒鉛が高価であるため、コストメリットを得るためには鋳型部材を数回から数十回以上も再利用する必要があった。このためシリコン融液と非常に反応し易い黒鉛製の鋳型部材を再利用するためには鋳型内面に形成する離型材皮膜を厚くせねばならず、高価な離型材皮膜の使用量が増えるために、結局シリコンインゴットの製造コストが高くなるという問題があった。   In order to avoid such problems, a method has been attempted in which a high-purity graphite is used as a mold member to produce a plate-like mold side member and a mold bottom member, and these are assembled to produce a mold (for example, Patent Documents). 1, see Patent Document 2). However, since the high-purity graphite of such a mold is expensive, it is necessary to reuse the mold member several times to several tens of times or more in order to obtain cost merit. For this reason, in order to reuse the graphite mold member that is very easy to react with the silicon melt, it is necessary to thicken the release material film formed on the inner surface of the mold, and the amount of expensive release material film used is increased. As a result, there was a problem that the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot increased.

また、高品質のシリコン結晶を成長させるためにはシリコン融液の凝固速度の制御が非常に重要であり、生産性向上の観点から成長するシリコン結晶内の転位や欠陥を増大させない範囲で素早く凝固させることが求められる。しかし離型材皮膜が厚いと鋳型内部の融液と外部との熱伝導が阻害されるため鋳型内のシリコン融液の抜熱制御が難しいという問題があった。さらに離型材皮膜が厚いと離型材皮膜が剥離してシリコン融液内へ混入して異物となり、歩留を低下させるという問題があった。さらに、組立て式の黒鉛部材は、繰り返し使用することによってネジ止め部分や各鋳型側面部材と鋳型底面部材とが接する部分が消耗し、緩みが生じて、シリコンの融解やシリコン融液の凝固時にシリコン融液が漏れる危険があるという問題もあった。
特開昭62−108515号公報 特開平9−263489号公報 特開平11−116228号公報 15th Photovoltaic Specialist Conf.(1981),P576-P580,“A NEW DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR POLYCRYSTALINE SOLAR GRADE SILICON”
In addition, in order to grow high-quality silicon crystals, it is very important to control the solidification rate of the silicon melt. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, solidification can be performed quickly without increasing dislocations and defects in the growing silicon crystal. It is required to make it. However, when the release material film is thick, heat conduction between the melt inside the mold and the outside is hindered, so that it is difficult to control the heat removal of the silicon melt inside the mold. Furthermore, if the release material film is thick, the release material film peels off and enters the silicon melt to form foreign matter, which reduces the yield. In addition, assembling-type graphite members are used repeatedly, so that the screw-fastened part and the part where each mold side member and the mold bottom member come into contact are consumed, loosening occurs, and silicon is melted and silicon melt is solidified. There was also a problem that there was a risk of the melt leaking.
JP 62-108515 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-263489 JP-A-11-116228 15th Photovoltaic Specialist Conf. (1981), P576-P580, “A NEW DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR POLYCRYSTALINE SOLAR GRADE SILICON”

こうした問題点を回避するため、安価な溶融シリカ粉体を、鋳込み成形や加圧プレス成形などによって鋳型形状に成形して焼成した溶融シリカ焼結体の鋳型や、蝋型の周りに溶融シリカ粉体やスラリーを付着させ乾燥させたのち、蝋型を溶かして取り除き、残った溶融シリカ部分を焼成する、いわゆるセラミックシェル型の一般的な製法を用いて作製した鋳型なども試みられている(例えば、特許文献3参照)。   In order to avoid such problems, molten silica powder is molded around a mold of a fused silica sintered body that has been molded into a mold shape by casting or pressure press molding or fired, or fused silica powder around a wax mold. A mold made using a general method of a so-called ceramic shell type in which a body or slurry is attached and dried, and then the wax mold is melted and removed, and the remaining fused silica portion is fired has been tried (for example, And Patent Document 3).

ここで、一般的に工業用シリカ材としては、水晶砂や珪砂を原料とする不透明な溶融シリカと、水晶などの石英結晶を原料とする透明な溶融石英とがあり、本用途には物性上どちらも使用可能であるが溶融石英は溶融シリカに比べ高価であった。また、溶融シリカは、珪砂を溶融して得られる二酸化珪素の粗原料を粉砕し、それを成形することで必要な形状を比較的容易に得ることが可能で、さらに焼結することで必要な強度を付与することが可能である。つまり、溶融シリカ粉体を用いた鋳型は、成形性に優れ、所望の形状の鋳型を安価に製造することが可能となるため鋳型を使い捨てにできることから、高価な溶融石英ガラス製の鋳型を繰り返し使用する場合に生じる鋳型の変形や、ヒートサイクルをかけることによる鋳型の失透やそれによる鋳型の割れなどの危険を回避できるだけでなく、鋳型が使い捨てであることから鋳型を保護する必要がなく、離型機能を有する範囲で鋳型内面に形成する離型材皮膜の厚みを薄くすることができるため離型材皮膜のコストを低減できる。   In general, industrial silica materials include opaque fused silica made of quartz sand or quartz sand and transparent fused quartz made of quartz crystal such as quartz. Either can be used, but fused silica is more expensive than fused silica. In addition, fused silica can be obtained relatively easily by pulverizing a raw material of silicon dioxide obtained by melting silica sand and molding it, and is necessary by further sintering. It is possible to impart strength. In other words, a mold using fused silica powder is excellent in moldability, and a mold having a desired shape can be manufactured at a low cost, so that the mold can be made disposable. In addition to avoiding the risk of mold deformation and devitrification of the mold caused by heat cycle and cracking of the mold due to heat cycle, there is no need to protect the mold from being disposable, Since the thickness of the release material film formed on the inner surface of the mold can be reduced within the range having the release function, the cost of the release material film can be reduced.

しかしながら、低コストで製造される溶融シリカの焼結体は、鋳型内のシリコン融液の抜熱制御が難しく高品質のインゴットの製造が困難だったり、鋳型からの抜熱量が低下するため鋳型内のシリコン融液の凝固時間が延びて生産性が低くなるためにシリコンインゴットの製造コストが高くなったり、シリコン融液の凝固時間が長く高温の状態でシリコン融液が長時間鋳型内に保持されるために鋳型部材や離型材皮膜からシリコン融液中への不純物の溶出が多くなり、高品質のインゴットの製造が困難だったりする問題があった。   However, a sintered product of fused silica manufactured at a low cost is difficult to control the heat removal of the silicon melt in the mold, and it is difficult to produce a high-quality ingot. Since the solidification time of the silicon melt is prolonged and the productivity is lowered, the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot is increased, or the silicon melt is held in the mold for a long time at a high temperature with the long solidification time of the silicon melt. For this reason, there is a problem in that the elution of impurities from the mold member and the release material film into the silicon melt increases, making it difficult to produce a high-quality ingot.

本発明は、このような溶融シリカの焼結体を用いたときの問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、高品質シリコンインゴットを低コストで製造するためのシリコン鋳造用鋳型及びシリコン鋳造装置並びに多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the problems when using such a sintered body of fused silica, a silicon casting mold and a silicon casting apparatus for producing a high-quality silicon ingot at a low cost, and An object is to provide a method for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot.

発明者は、従来の溶融シリカの焼結体について以下の点に着目した。即ち、従来の溶融シリカの焼結体は、気孔率を低減し密度の高い鋳型を高温の環境で使用すると変形が激しく、また鋳造中に鋳型が割れ、高温のシリコン融液が漏れる恐れがあったため、通常10%から20%程度の気孔率を持ち、その嵩密度がおよそ1.7(g/cm)〜1.9(g/cm)前後の焼結体が使用されてきた。その用途上、高温での機械的強度や熱衝撃耐性の向上、さらには金属を融解する際の熱効率向上のために焼結体の熱伝導率を低減させるための取り組みが盛んに行われてきたが、逆に熱伝導性を向上させる取り組みはこれまで行われてこなかったのである。 The inventor paid attention to the following points regarding the conventional sintered body of fused silica. In other words, conventional fused silica sintered bodies are severely deformed when a mold having a reduced porosity and a high density is used in a high-temperature environment, and the mold may crack during casting, and high-temperature silicon melt may leak. Therefore, a sintered body having a porosity of usually about 10% to 20% and a bulk density of about 1.7 (g / cm 3 ) to 1.9 (g / cm 3 ) has been used. In order to improve the mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance at high temperatures, and to improve the thermal efficiency when melting metals, efforts have been actively made to reduce the thermal conductivity of sintered bodies. However, on the contrary, efforts to improve thermal conductivity have not been made so far.

そこで、発明者は、上記目的を達成すべく研究を重ねた結果、従来技術に比べ高品質のシリコンインゴットを低コストで製造する本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造用鋳型の構成を得るに至った。   Therefore, as a result of repeated researches to achieve the above object, the inventors have obtained a structure of a casting mold for a polycrystalline silicon ingot according to the present invention, which can produce a high-quality silicon ingot at a low cost as compared with the prior art. It was.

即ち、本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、内面側に離型材皮膜を備えるとともに、内部でシリコン原料を融解、又はシリコン融液を保持あるいは凝固させた後、冷却するシリコン鋳造用鋳型であって、前記鋳型を構成する鋳型部材は、二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体を焼成した焼結体で形成されているとともに、900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上である。   That is, the silicon casting mold of the present invention is provided with a release material film on the inner surface side, and is a silicon casting mold that cools after melting the silicon raw material or holding or solidifying the silicon melt, The mold member constituting the mold is formed of a sintered body obtained by firing a powder mainly composed of silicon dioxide, and has a thermal conductivity of 1.0 (W / (m · K)) at 900 ° C. That's it.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体は、溶融シリカ(fused silica)である。   In the silicon casting mold of the present invention, in the above structure, the powder containing silicon dioxide as a main component is fused silica.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記鋳型部材は、900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上である物質を構成材として含有する。   The silicon casting mold of the present invention has the above-described configuration, and the mold member contains a substance having a thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more as a constituent material.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記構成材が、黒鉛、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、溶融石英、透明石英ガラスから選択された一つ以上の物質である。   In the silicon casting mold of the present invention, in the above structure, the constituent material is one or more substances selected from graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, fused silica, and transparent quartz glass.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、前記構成材の含有率は、前記鋳型側面部材に比べて前記鋳型底面部材の方が大きい。   The silicon casting mold according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, wherein the mold member includes a mold side surface member that constitutes a side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member that constitutes a bottom surface of the mold. The mold bottom member is larger than the mold side member.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記鋳型部材の嵩密度が2.0(g/cm)以上である。 In the silicon casting mold of the present invention, in the above structure, the mold member has a bulk density of 2.0 (g / cm 3 ) or more.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、上記構成において、前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、前記鋳型部材の嵩密度は、前記鋳型側面部材に比べて前記鋳型底面部材の方が大きい。   The silicon casting mold according to the present invention has the above-described configuration, wherein the mold member includes a mold side surface member that forms a side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member that forms a bottom surface of the mold, and the bulk density of the mold member is The mold bottom member is larger than the mold side member.

本発明のシリコン鋳造装置は、上記構成のいずれかに記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型において、前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含むものであり、さらに前記シリコン鋳造用鋳型の外側から前記鋳型側面部材及び前記鋳型底面部材と当接して支えるように設けられた鋳型保持板と、を備えている。   The silicon casting apparatus of the present invention is the silicon casting mold according to any one of the above-described configurations, wherein the mold member includes a mold side surface member that forms the side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member that forms the bottom surface of the mold. And a mold holding plate provided so as to contact and support the mold side member and the mold bottom member from the outside of the silicon casting mold.

本発明のシリコン鋳造装置は、上記構成において、前記鋳型保持板は、黒鉛材料から成る。   In the silicon casting apparatus of the present invention, in the above configuration, the mold holding plate is made of a graphite material.

本発明のシリコン鋳造装置は、上記構成において、前記鋳型底面部材に当接する鋳型保持板は、グラファイトであり、前記鋳型側面部材に当接する鋳型保持板は、炭素繊維強化炭素材料である。   In the silicon casting apparatus of the present invention, in the above configuration, the mold holding plate that contacts the mold bottom surface member is graphite, and the mold holding plate that contacts the mold side surface member is a carbon fiber reinforced carbon material.

本発明のシリコン鋳造装置は、上記構成において、前記鋳型部材の厚みは、4mm以上12mm以下である。   In the above-described configuration, the silicon casting apparatus of the present invention has a thickness of the mold member of 4 mm to 12 mm.

本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法は、上記構成のいずれかに記載のシリコン鋳造装置を用いて形成する。   The method for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot according to the present invention is formed using the silicon casting apparatus according to any one of the above configurations.

本発明にかかるシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、内面側に離型材皮膜を備えるとともに、内部でシリコン原料を融解、又はシリコン融液を保持あるいは凝固させた後、冷却するシリコン鋳造用鋳型であって、前記鋳型を構成する鋳型部材は、二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体を焼成した焼結体で形成されているとともに、900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上としたことから、従来技術による熱伝導率が0.85(W/(m・K))程度の鋳型に比べ熱伝導性が良くなり、鋳型底部からの抜熱によって鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるようになり高品質のシリコンインゴットを作製することができる。また、鋳型の熱伝導性が良くなった結果、従来より短時間でシリコン融液を凝固させることが可能となったので、製造時間が短縮しインゴットの製造コストを低減できる。また、製造時間を短縮することによりシリコン融液と離型材皮膜の接触時間を短くすることが可能となった結果、離型材皮膜そのものの厚みを薄くすることが可能となり、離型材皮膜形成にかかるコストを削減できるようになり、また離型材皮膜が鋳型から剥離してシリコン中に混入し、異物となってシリコンの品質を低下させたり歩留を低下させるという問題を回避できる。さらには、シリコン融液や凝固後のシリコンインゴットを高温の状態から素早く冷却できるようになった結果、シリコン融液やブロックが接している鋳型材や離型材中の不純物がシリコン融液中へ溶出したりインゴット中へ拡散するなどして増加するコンタミ(汚染)を低減することができるようになり、高品質のシリコンインゴットを製造できる。   The mold for casting silicon according to the present invention is a mold for casting silicon that is provided with a release film on the inner surface side and that is cooled after melting the silicon raw material or holding or solidifying the silicon melt inside, The mold member constituting the mold is formed of a sintered body obtained by firing a powder mainly composed of silicon dioxide, and has a thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more. Therefore, the thermal conductivity is improved as compared with a mold having a thermal conductivity of about 0.85 (W / (m · K)) according to the prior art, and the heat removal from the bottom of the mold removes the silicon crystal in the mold. The solidification rate can be controlled with high accuracy, and a high-quality silicon ingot can be produced. In addition, as a result of the improved thermal conductivity of the mold, the silicon melt can be solidified in a shorter time than before, so that the manufacturing time can be shortened and the manufacturing cost of the ingot can be reduced. In addition, by shortening the manufacturing time, the contact time between the silicon melt and the release material film can be shortened. As a result, the thickness of the release material film itself can be reduced, and the release material film is formed. The cost can be reduced, and the problem that the release material film is peeled off from the mold and mixed in the silicon to become a foreign substance and the quality of silicon and the yield can be avoided. Furthermore, the silicon melt and the solidified silicon ingot can be quickly cooled from a high temperature. As a result, impurities in the mold material and mold release material that are in contact with the silicon melt and block are eluted into the silicon melt. It is possible to reduce contamination (contamination) that increases due to, for example, diffusing into the ingot, and a high-quality silicon ingot can be manufactured.

また、鋳型部材を構成する二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体は、溶融シリカ(フューズドシリカ;fused silica)としたことにより、シリコンを鋳造する高温において鋳型の軟化変形を低減できる。   Moreover, the powder which has silicon dioxide as a main component which comprises a casting_mold | template member was made into the fused silica (fused silica), Therefore Softening deformation | transformation of a casting_mold | template can be reduced at the high temperature which casts silicon.

また、鋳型部材に900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上である物質を構成材として含有するようにしたので、従来の鋳型より鋳型部材の熱伝導性を良くすることが可能となり、前述の本発明の効果を良好に得ることができる。この構成材として、黒鉛、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、溶融石英、透明石英ガラス、のいずれか一つ以上から選択されるものとしたことから、太陽電池特性を低下させる要因となるような、例えば金属元素などの不純物が鋳型部材からシリコンインゴットへ混入する要因となることがなく、かつ鋳型部材そのものの熱伝導率を大きくすることが可能となるため、不純物濃度が低い高品質のシリコンインゴットを製造できる。さらに、鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、前記構成材の含有率は、前記鋳型側面部材に比べて前記鋳型底面部材の方が大きくしたので、鋳型底面部の熱伝導率を向上させることができ、同時に長時間高温に曝される鋳型側面、とくに側面上部の鋳型部材への添加成分の添加量を低減することにより、鋳型の強度を高く保つことができる。この理由は、鋳型の主成分である溶融シリカの熱膨張係数がおよそ0.5×10−6/℃と小さいのに対し、上記のような高純度で高温でも安定な物性を有しながら高い熱伝導率を有する添加成分の熱膨張係数は溶融シリカの数倍〜十倍程度大きいため、とりわけ高温に曝される鋳型側面の上部では、鋳型素材の強度低下の懸念があるためである。 In addition, since the mold member contains a substance having a thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more as a constituent material, the mold member has a higher thermal conductivity than the conventional mold. This makes it possible to improve the above-described effects of the present invention. Since this component is selected from one or more of graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, fused silica, and transparent quartz glass, for example, a metal that causes a decrease in solar cell characteristics. Impurities such as elements do not enter the silicon ingot from the mold member, and the thermal conductivity of the mold member itself can be increased, so that a high-quality silicon ingot with a low impurity concentration can be manufactured. . Further, the mold member includes a mold side surface member constituting the side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member constituting the bottom surface of the mold, and the content of the constituent material is higher than that of the mold side surface member. Because it was made larger, the thermal conductivity of the mold bottom can be improved, and at the same time, by reducing the amount of additive components added to the mold side exposed to high temperatures for a long time, particularly the mold member on the side upper part, The strength of the mold can be kept high. The reason for this is that while the thermal expansion coefficient of fused silica, which is the main component of the mold, is as small as about 0.5 × 10 −6 / ° C., it is high while having the above-mentioned high purity and stable physical properties even at high temperatures. This is because the thermal expansion coefficient of the additive component having thermal conductivity is about several to ten times as large as that of fused silica, so that there is a concern that the strength of the mold material may be lowered particularly at the upper part of the mold side exposed to high temperature.

また、鋳型部材の嵩密度を2.0(g/cm)以上としたことから、鋳型部材の嵩密度が1.9(g/cm)程度であった従来の鋳型に比べ、鋳型部材である溶融シリカの焼結体が内包する気孔を大幅に低減でき、従来のシリカ製鋳型に比べても熱伝導率が大幅に向上させることができる。このため前述の本発明の効果を良好に得ることができる。さらに、鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、鋳型部材の嵩密度が、鋳型側面部材に比べて鋳型底面部材の方を大きくしたことから、鋳型底面部の熱伝導率を向上させることができ、同時に長時間高温に曝される鋳型側面、とくに側面上部の鋳型部材への嵩密度を低減することにより、鋳型の強度を高く保つことができる。 In addition, since the bulk density of the mold member was 2.0 (g / cm 3 ) or more, the mold member was compared with the conventional mold in which the bulk density of the mold member was about 1.9 (g / cm 3 ). Thus, the pores contained in the sintered body of fused silica can be greatly reduced, and the thermal conductivity can be greatly improved as compared with a conventional silica mold. For this reason, the effect of the above-mentioned this invention can be acquired favorably. Further, the mold member includes a mold side surface member that forms the side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member that forms the bottom surface of the mold, and the bulk density of the mold member is larger in the mold bottom surface member than in the mold side surface member. As a result, the thermal conductivity of the bottom surface of the mold can be improved, and at the same time, the strength of the mold can be increased by reducing the bulk density of the mold side surface exposed to high temperature for a long time, in particular, the mold member at the top of the side surface. Can keep.

また、本発明の鋳造装置は、上記構成のいずれかに記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型において、前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含むものであり、さらに前記シリコン鋳造用鋳型の外側から前記鋳型側面部材及び前記鋳型底面部材と当接して支えるように設けられた鋳型保持板と、を備えることによって、鋳造時の高温のために生じる鋳型部材そのものの軟化変形やそれに起因する鋳型部材の割れ、それに伴う鋳型内のシリコン融液漏れを防止することが可能となる。その結果、従来より密度の大きな鋳型や肉厚の薄い鋳型を使用することが可能となり、鋳造中に鋳型が破損してシリコン融液が漏れ出すトラブルによって高価なシリコン原料が無駄となったり高価なシリコン鋳造装置が破損したりすることを低減させ、高い生産性で高品質のシリコンインゴットを安いコストで製造することが可能となる。さらに、本発明の鋳型保持板を使用することにより鋳型側面の反りが大幅に低減され、鋳型内で鋳造したシリコンインゴットの側面の平滑性が向上し、インゴットの加工時において加工装置内にインゴットをセットした際にインゴットが不安定になることを減少させ、加工精度が向上して加工時の歩留が向上した結果、多結晶シリコンインゴットの製造コストを大幅に低減できる。   Moreover, the casting apparatus of the present invention is the silicon casting mold according to any one of the above-described configurations, wherein the mold member includes a mold side surface member forming the side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member forming the bottom surface of the mold. And a mold holding plate provided to contact and support the mold side member and the mold bottom member from the outside of the silicon casting mold, and is generated due to a high temperature during casting. It is possible to prevent softening deformation of the mold member itself, cracking of the mold member resulting from the soft deformation, and leakage of silicon melt in the mold associated therewith. As a result, it is possible to use a mold having a higher density or a thinner wall than before, and expensive silicon raw materials are wasted or expensive due to a problem that the mold breaks during casting and the silicon melt leaks. It is possible to reduce the damage of the silicon casting apparatus and to manufacture a high-quality silicon ingot with high productivity at a low cost. Further, by using the mold holding plate of the present invention, the warpage of the mold side surface is greatly reduced, the smoothness of the side surface of the silicon ingot cast in the mold is improved, and the ingot is placed in the processing apparatus when processing the ingot. As a result of reducing the ingot becoming unstable when set and improving the processing accuracy and the yield during processing, the manufacturing cost of the polycrystalline silicon ingot can be greatly reduced.

なお、鋳型保持板は、黒鉛材料からなることによって、鋳型保持板が鋳型からの抜熱を阻害することのない高い熱伝導率を有しながら鋳型の軟化変形を保持する機械的強度を有し、さらに高純度化によって太陽電池特性を低下させる要因となるような、例えば金属元素などの不純物を非常に微量にすることができるためさらに良い。ここで、鋳型外の底面部と当接して鋳型底部を保持する鋳型保持板は、グラファイトを用いれば、高熱伝導性の材料であることから望ましい。また、鋳型外の側面部と当接して鋳型側面部を保持する鋳型保持板は、炭素繊維強化炭素材料を用いれば、高い機械強度を有し、かつ熱膨張係数が小さく、高温でも安定して鋳型を保持できるので望ましい。   The mold holding plate is made of a graphite material, so that the mold holding plate has a mechanical strength to hold the softening deformation of the mold while having a high thermal conductivity that does not hinder heat removal from the mold. Further, it is further preferable because impurities such as metal elements, which cause the deterioration of the solar cell characteristics due to further purification, can be made very small. Here, it is desirable that the mold holding plate that holds the bottom of the mold in contact with the bottom surface outside the mold is made of graphite because it is a highly thermally conductive material. In addition, a mold holding plate that abuts the side surface portion outside the mold and holds the mold side surface portion has a high mechanical strength, a low thermal expansion coefficient, and is stable even at high temperatures if a carbon fiber reinforced carbon material is used. This is desirable because it can hold the mold.

また、鋳型部材の厚みを4mm以上12mm以下としたことによって、従来の鋳型よりも厚みが薄く鋳型の熱伝導性が良いために、鋳型底部からの抜熱によって鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるようになり、高品質のシリコンインゴットを作製することができる。   In addition, since the thickness of the mold member is 4 mm or more and 12 mm or less, the thickness is smaller than that of the conventional mold and the thermal conductivity of the mold is good. Therefore, the solidification rate of silicon crystals in the mold by heat removal from the bottom of the mold Can be controlled with high accuracy, and a high-quality silicon ingot can be produced.

本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法によれば、以上のような本発明のシリコン鋳造装置を用いて形成するので、鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるとともに、不純物が低減された高品質の多結晶シリコンインゴットを作製することができる。また、製造時間も短いので、シリコンインゴットの製造コストも低減する。   According to the method for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot of the present invention, since it is formed using the silicon casting apparatus of the present invention as described above, the solidification rate of silicon crystals in the mold can be controlled with high accuracy, and impurities can be prevented. A reduced high quality polycrystalline silicon ingot can be produced. Moreover, since the manufacturing time is short, the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot is also reduced.

以下、本発明の実施形態を添付図面に基づき詳細に説明する。なお、図に示した例は本発明の一例示に過ぎず、これに限るものではない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, the example shown in the figure is only an example of the present invention, and is not limited to this.

図1は、本発明にかかるシリコン鋳造用鋳型の縦断面図である。本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型1は、内部でシリコン原料を融解、又はシリコン融液を保持あるいは凝固させた後、冷却する用途に用いられる。このようなシリコン鋳造用鋳型を構成する鋳型部材は、鋳型側面部材1a及び鋳型底面部材1bを備えている。これらは二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体を焼成した焼結体で形成される。このような焼結体は、溶融シリカ(fused silica)の二酸化珪素粉体を、例えば鋳込み成形やプレス成形によって鋳型形状に成形した成形体や、板状に鋳型側面部材1aと鋳型底面部材1bとを作製した成形体を1200〜1500℃の温度で焼結して得ることができる。板状の焼結体の場合は、その後、さらに相互に溶接するなどして一体型の箱型に形成する。   FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a silicon casting mold according to the present invention. The silicon casting mold 1 of the present invention is used for the purpose of cooling after melting the silicon raw material or holding or solidifying the silicon melt inside. A mold member constituting such a silicon casting mold includes a mold side member 1a and a mold bottom member 1b. These are formed of a sintered body obtained by firing a powder mainly composed of silicon dioxide. Such a sintered body includes a molded body obtained by forming silicon dioxide powder of fused silica into a mold shape by, for example, casting molding or press molding, and a mold side surface member 1a and a mold bottom surface member 1b in a plate shape. Can be obtained by sintering at a temperature of 1200 to 1500 ° C. In the case of a plate-like sintered body, it is then formed into an integral box shape by welding to each other.

また、シリコン鋳造用鋳型1の鋳型部材は、シリコン融液と接する鋳型の内面側に、例えば、窒化珪素、二酸化珪素、炭化珪素等からなる離型材皮膜2が設けられる。このような離型材皮膜2は、鋳型1の内部に保持されたシリコン融液が凝固した際に、鋳型1の内壁と融着することを抑制できる。   The mold member of the silicon casting mold 1 is provided with a release material film 2 made of, for example, silicon nitride, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide or the like on the inner surface side of the mold in contact with the silicon melt. Such a release material film 2 can suppress the fusion with the inner wall of the mold 1 when the silicon melt held inside the mold 1 is solidified.

本発明に係る鋳型部材を構成する焼結体は、900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上であることを特徴としている。熱伝導率の測定は、レーザーフラッシュ法(JIS R1611-1997)で評価することができる。   The sintered body constituting the mold member according to the present invention is characterized in that the thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. is 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more. The measurement of thermal conductivity can be evaluated by the laser flash method (JIS R1611-1997).

従来技術における二酸化珪素の焼結体の鋳型の熱伝導率は一般的に0.85(W/(m・K))程度であった。これは二酸化珪素本来の熱伝導率よりもはるかに小さい値であるが、その理由は焼結体が内包する気孔が鋳型部材中で断熱材のような働きをして部材全体の熱伝導を阻害するためである。   The thermal conductivity of the silicon dioxide sintered mold in the prior art was generally about 0.85 (W / (m · K)). This is a much smaller value than the original thermal conductivity of silicon dioxide, because the pores contained in the sintered body act like a heat insulating material in the mold member and hinder the heat conduction of the entire member. It is to do.

本発明の鋳型は、従来技術による熱伝導率が0.85(W/(m・K))程度の鋳型に比べ熱伝導性が良くなり、鋳型底部からの抜熱によって鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるようになり高品質のシリコンインゴットを作製することができる。また、鋳型の熱伝導性が良くなった結果、従来より短時間でシリコン融液を凝固させることが可能となったことで製造時間が短縮しインゴットの製造コストを低減できる。また、製造時間を短縮することによりシリコン融液と離型材皮膜の接触時間を短くすることが可能となる結果、離型材皮膜そのものの厚みを薄くすることが可能となり、離型材皮膜形成にかかるコストを削減でき、また離型材皮膜が鋳型から剥離してシリコン中に混入し、異物となってシリコンの品質や歩留を低下させるという問題を回避できる。さらにはシリコン融液や凝固後のシリコンインゴットを高温の状態から素早く冷却できるようになる結果、シリコン融液やブロックが接している鋳型材や離型材中の不純物がシリコン融液中へ溶出したりインゴット中へ拡散したりして増加するコンタミ(不純物)を低減することができるようになり、高品質のシリコンインゴットを製造できる。   The mold of the present invention has better thermal conductivity than a mold having a thermal conductivity of about 0.85 (W / (m · K)) according to the prior art, and the silicon crystal in the mold is removed by heat removal from the mold bottom. It becomes possible to control the solidification rate of the material with high accuracy and to produce a high quality silicon ingot. In addition, as a result of the improved thermal conductivity of the mold, the silicon melt can be solidified in a shorter time than before, so that the manufacturing time can be shortened and the manufacturing cost of the ingot can be reduced. In addition, by shortening the manufacturing time, the contact time between the silicon melt and the release material film can be shortened. As a result, the thickness of the release material film itself can be reduced, and the cost for forming the release material film is reduced. In addition, it is possible to avoid the problem that the release material film is peeled off from the mold and mixed in the silicon, and becomes a foreign material, which deteriorates the quality and yield of the silicon. In addition, the silicon melt and the solidified silicon ingot can be quickly cooled from a high temperature, so that impurities in the mold material and mold release material that are in contact with the silicon melt and block are eluted into the silicon melt. Contamination (impurities) that increase due to diffusion into the ingot can be reduced, and a high-quality silicon ingot can be manufactured.

本発明に係る鋳型部材である鋳型側面部材1a及び鋳型底面部材1bは、主成分である二酸化珪素粉末として溶融シリカを用いるとよい。溶融シリカを使用することによって、シリコンを鋳造する高温において鋳型の軟化変形を低減できる。また、従来の石英ガラス製鋳型は、内面に離型材皮膜を形成した状態でシリコンを鋳造すると石英ガラスが結晶化することで生じる失透現象が顕著に生じてしまう。この失透した組織と石英ガラスとは熱膨張係数が異なるため鋳造時の温度変化によって失透部分が膨張し、剥離した失透部分が鋳造中のシリコン融液内に落下して異物となったり、剥離後の肉厚が薄くなった部分を起点にして鋳型が割れて内部のシリコン融液が漏れたりするという問題があるが、鋳型部材の主成分である二酸化珪素を溶融シリカとすることによりその問題を回避できるようになる。   The mold side member 1a and the mold bottom member 1b, which are the mold members according to the present invention, may use fused silica as the silicon dioxide powder as the main component. By using fused silica, softening deformation of the mold can be reduced at a high temperature at which silicon is cast. Further, in a conventional quartz glass mold, when silicon is cast in a state where a release material film is formed on the inner surface, a devitrification phenomenon caused by crystallization of the quartz glass is remarkably generated. Since the devitrified structure and quartz glass have different coefficients of thermal expansion, the devitrified part expands due to temperature changes during casting, and the devitrified part falls into the silicon melt during casting and becomes a foreign object. However, there is a problem that the mold is cracked starting from the thinned part after peeling and the silicon melt inside leaks. By using silicon dioxide as the main component of the mold member as fused silica, The problem can be avoided.

溶融シリカ(fused silica)の粉末は、主に珪砂を原料として溶融した石英ガラスを粉砕した非結晶の粉末であり、X線回折で同定したときに、結晶相に由来する鋭い回折ピークが存在しない。この粉末は、焼結性を高めるため、平均粒径は1〜2μmとするのが望ましい。これ以下であると成形時に割れが生じやすく、これ以上だと焼結性が悪くなる恐れがある。   A fused silica powder is an amorphous powder obtained by pulverizing fused silica glass mainly made of silica sand, and has no sharp diffraction peak derived from a crystalline phase when identified by X-ray diffraction. . The powder preferably has an average particle size of 1 to 2 μm in order to improve sinterability. If it is less than this, cracking is likely to occur during molding, and if it is more than this, the sinterability may be deteriorated.

この粉末に、成形に必要なバインダー(例えば、ポリアクリル系エマルジョン等)と分散剤、溶媒(水)を加え、必要とする鋳型の形状に、泥しょう鋳込み成形を行う。あるいは、バインダーを添加してプレス成形を用いて成形しても良い。なお、焼結体の熱伝導率を所望の範囲とするため、後述する構成材を所定量添加しても良い。   To this powder, a binder (for example, polyacrylic emulsion or the like) necessary for molding, a dispersant, and a solvent (water) are added, and the slurry is cast into a required mold shape. Or you may add and shape | mold using a press molding, adding a binder. In addition, in order to make the heat conductivity of a sintered compact into a desired range, you may add the predetermined amount of the constituent material mentioned later.

その後、成形体を電気炉によって大気中で1250℃近傍で3〜4時間焼成を行えば焼結体を得ることができる。   Then, if a molded object is baked for 3 to 4 hours at 1250 degreeC in air | atmosphere with an electric furnace, a sintered compact can be obtained.

本発明にかかるシリコン鋳造用鋳型では、鋳型部材の900℃における熱伝導率を1.0(W/(m・K))以上とするための方法として、鋳型部材の構成材として900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上の物質を含有させるのが好ましい。900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上の物質を含有させることにより、二酸化珪素の焼結体で形成された鋳型部材の熱伝導率を向上することができ、鋳型部材の900℃における熱伝導率を1.0(W/(m・K))以上とすることができる。   In the silicon casting mold according to the present invention, as a method for setting the thermal conductivity of the mold member at 900 ° C. to 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more, heat at 900 ° C. is used as a component of the mold member. It is preferable to contain a substance having a conductivity of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more. By containing a substance having a thermal conductivity of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more at 900 ° C., the thermal conductivity of the mold member formed of the sintered body of silicon dioxide can be improved. The thermal conductivity of the mold member at 900 ° C. can be 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more.

さらに、900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上である、鋳型部材に含有させる構成材としては、黒鉛、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、溶融石英、透明石英ガラス、のいずれか一つ以上から選択されるようにすることが望ましい。その理由は上記のような添加成分は特に高純度で高温でも安定な物性を有しながら高い熱伝導率を有しているため、鋳型部材として高温での多結晶シリコンの鋳造に使用しても、シリコン融液やシリコンインゴットに鋳型部材中の不純物が溶出したり拡散したりするようなことが少なく、高純度で高品質のシリコンインゴットを製造できるからである。   Further, as a constituent material to be included in the mold member having a thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more, graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, fused quartz, transparent quartz glass, It is desirable to select one or more of these. The reason for this is that the above-mentioned additive components have high thermal conductivity while having high purity and stable physical properties even at high temperatures, so even if they are used for casting polycrystalline silicon at high temperatures as mold members. This is because impurities in the mold member are hardly eluted or diffused into the silicon melt or silicon ingot, and a high-purity and high-quality silicon ingot can be produced.

添加量としては、用いる物質によって異なるが二酸化珪素の焼結体で形成される鋳型部材の900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上となるように上記物質を添加すればよく、例えば、0.005%以上5%以下含有していればよく、より好ましくは0.05%以上2%以下であればよい。0.005%より小さいと鋳型部材の熱伝導率を向上させる効果が弱く、5%より大きいとシリコン融液やシリコンインゴットに鋳型部材中の不純物が溶出したり拡散したり、あるいは鋳型の強度が低下する可能性がある。これらの構成材は、上述の溶融シリカ焼結体の原料粉末に所定量を混合することによって、焼結体に含有させることができる。   Although the amount of addition varies depending on the material used, the above-mentioned material is used so that the thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of the mold member formed of a sintered body of silicon dioxide is 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more. What is necessary is just to add, for example, what is necessary is just to contain 0.005% or more and 5% or less, More preferably, it may be 0.05% or more and 2% or less. If it is less than 0.005%, the effect of improving the thermal conductivity of the mold member is weak. If it is more than 5%, impurities in the mold member are eluted or diffused into the silicon melt or silicon ingot, or the mold strength is low. May be reduced. These constituent materials can be contained in the sintered body by mixing a predetermined amount with the raw material powder of the above-mentioned fused silica sintered body.

また、鋳型部材の成分の一部として含有している物質の主成分に対する含有率は、鋳型側面部材1aに比べて鋳型底面部材1bの方を大きくするとなお良い。その理由は、鋳型底面部の熱伝導率を向上させることができ、同時に長時間高温に曝される鋳型側面、とくに側面上部の鋳型部材への添加成分の添加量を低減することにより、鋳型側面上部の強度を保つことができるからである。つまり、鋳型の主成分である溶融シリカの熱膨張係数がおよそ0.5×10−6/℃と小さいのに対し、上記のような高純度で高温でも安定な物性を有しながら高い熱伝導率を有する添加成分の熱膨張係数は、例えば、黒鉛や炭化珪素では4〜5×10−6/℃であり、溶融シリカの数倍〜十倍程度大きいため、とりわけ高温に曝される鋳型側面の上部では、添加成分を大量に添加すると鋳型部材の強度低下が懸念されるため、その影響を回避するためである。しかし、主成分に対する添加成分の割合が数%以下の微量であれば、鋳型としての機能に問題は無い。 Further, it is more preferable that the content of the substance contained as a part of the component of the mold member with respect to the main component is larger in the mold bottom surface member 1b than in the mold side surface member 1a. The reason is that the thermal conductivity at the bottom of the mold can be improved, and at the same time, the side of the mold is reduced by reducing the amount of additive components added to the mold side exposed to high temperatures for a long time, especially the mold member at the top of the side. This is because the strength of the upper part can be maintained. In other words, the thermal expansion coefficient of fused silica, which is the main component of the mold, is as small as about 0.5 × 10 −6 / ° C., whereas high heat conduction is achieved while maintaining the above-mentioned high purity and stable physical properties. For example, graphite and silicon carbide have a coefficient of thermal expansion of 4 to 5 × 10 −6 / ° C., which is several times to 10 times larger than that of fused silica. In the upper part of the plate, if a large amount of the additive component is added, the strength of the mold member may be lowered, so that the influence is avoided. However, if the ratio of the additive component to the main component is a trace amount of several percent or less, there is no problem in the function as a mold.

また、鋳型部材の900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上とするための方法として、鋳型部材である鋳型側面部材1a及び鋳型底面部材1bの嵩密度を2.0(g/cm)以上とするのが良い。各鋳型部材の嵩密度の測定方法は、JIS C2141-1992に規定される方法によればよい。 As a method for setting the thermal conductivity of the mold member at 900 ° C. to 1.0 (W / (m · K)) or more, the bulk density of the mold side member 1a and the mold bottom member 1b, which are mold members, is 2 0.0 (g / cm 3 ) or more is preferable. The method for measuring the bulk density of each mold member may be a method defined in JIS C2141-1992.

従来の鋳型では溶融シリカの焼結体は通常10%から20%程度の気孔率を持ち、その嵩密度がおよそ1.7(g/cm)〜1.9(g/cm)前後の焼結体が使用されてきた。これは、気孔率を低減し密度の高い鋳型を高温の環境で使用すると変形が激しく、また鋳造中に鋳型が割れて高温のシリコン融液が漏れる恐れがあったためである。従来よりこうした溶融シリカの焼結体で形成される金属融解用るつぼやシリコン鋳造用鋳型は、その用途上、高温での機械的強度や熱衝撃耐性の向上、さらには金属を融解する際の熱効率向上のために焼結体の熱伝導率を低減させるための取り組みが盛んに行われてきた。このため鋳型の熱伝導性の向上にはこれまで対策が施されていなかった。しかし、こうした嵩密度の小さな溶融シリカ焼結体からなる鋳型部材の熱伝導率は小さいため鋳型内外での熱伝導が悪く、鋳型内のシリコン融液の抜熱制御が難しく高品質のインゴットの製造が困難だったり、鋳型からの抜熱量が低下するため鋳型内のシリコン融液の凝固時間が延びて生産性が低くなるためにシリコンインゴットの製造コストが高くなったり、シリコン融液の凝固時間が長く高温の状態でシリコン融液が長時間鋳型内に保持されるために鋳型部材や離型材皮膜からシリコン融液中への不純物の溶出が多くなり、高品質のインゴットの製造が困難だったりする問題があった。本発明にかかるシリコン鋳造用鋳型では、鋳型部材である溶融シリカの焼結体が内包する気孔を大幅に低減して鋳型部材の嵩密度を2.0(g/cm)以上とすることで、従来のシリカ製鋳型に比べ熱伝導率が大幅に向上させることができる。 In a conventional mold having a sintered body porosity of about 20% from the normal 10% fused silica, its bulk density is approximately 1.7 (g / cm 3) ~1.9 (g / cm 3) before and after Sintered bodies have been used. This is because when a mold having a reduced porosity and a high density is used in a high temperature environment, the mold is severely deformed, and the mold is cracked during casting, and a high temperature silicon melt may leak. Conventionally, metal melting crucibles and silicon casting molds formed from such fused silica sintered bodies have improved mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance at high temperatures, and thermal efficiency when melting metals. Many efforts have been made to reduce the thermal conductivity of the sintered body for improvement. For this reason, no measures have been taken to improve the thermal conductivity of the mold. However, since the mold member made of fused silica sintered body with a small bulk density has a small thermal conductivity, the heat conduction inside and outside the mold is poor, and it is difficult to control the heat removal of the silicon melt in the mold, and the production of high quality ingots is difficult. Is difficult, or the amount of heat removed from the mold is reduced, so the solidification time of the silicon melt in the mold is prolonged and the productivity is lowered, which increases the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot, and the solidification time of the silicon melt. Since the silicon melt is held in the mold for a long time at a high temperature, impurities are eluted from the mold member and release material film into the silicon melt, making it difficult to manufacture high-quality ingots. There was a problem. In the silicon casting mold according to the present invention, the porosity contained in the sintered body of fused silica as the mold member is greatly reduced, and the bulk density of the mold member is set to 2.0 (g / cm 3 ) or more. The thermal conductivity can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional silica mold.

溶融シリカ焼結体の嵩密度を変えるためには、例えば、成形体の成形方法をプレス成形とすれば成形体の密度が低くなるので、できあがる焼結体の嵩密度は小さくなる傾向にあり、泥しょう鋳込み成形とすれば粉末同士の流動性が良いため、成形体の密度が高くなり、できあがる焼結体の嵩密度は大きくなる傾向にある。さらに、焼成温度を上げるか焼成時間を長くすると焼結体の嵩密度は上昇し、逆に焼成温度を下げるか焼成時間を短くすると焼結体の嵩密度は減少する。   In order to change the bulk density of the fused silica sintered body, for example, if the molding method of the molded body is press molding, the density of the molded body will be low, so the bulk density of the resulting sintered body tends to be small, In the case of mud casting, since the fluidity between powders is good, the density of the compact tends to increase, and the bulk density of the resulting sintered compact tends to increase. Furthermore, if the firing temperature is increased or the firing time is increased, the bulk density of the sintered body increases. Conversely, if the firing temperature is lowered or the firing time is shortened, the bulk density of the sintered body is decreased.

また、鋳型部材の嵩密度は、鋳型側面部材1aに比べて鋳型底面部材1bの方を大きくするとなお良い。その理由は、鋳型底面部の熱伝導率を向上させることができ、同時に長時間高温に曝される鋳型側面、とくに側面上部の鋳型部材への嵩密度を低くすることにより、鋳型側面上部の強度を保つことができるからである。   Further, the bulk density of the mold member is better when the mold bottom member 1b is larger than the mold side member 1a. The reason for this is that the thermal conductivity at the bottom of the mold can be improved, and at the same time, the bulk density of the mold side, particularly the upper part of the mold, which is exposed to high temperatures for a long time, is reduced, thereby increasing the strength of the mold side. It is because it can keep.

図2は、本発明の鋳造装置の一実施形態を示す縦断面図である。図2に示すように、本発明の構成に係る鋳型は、鋳型外から、鋳型の鋳型側面部材1aに当接して支える鋳型保持板3aと鋳型底面部材1bに当接して支える鋳型保持板3bを設けて本発明の鋳造装置を構成することが望ましい(以下、鋳型保持板3a、3bを鋳型保持板3と略す)。なぜならば、本発明の鋳型は、鋳造時に二酸化珪素からなる、嵩密度が大きい、又は厚さが薄い鋳型部材は軟化しやすい。しかしながら、鋳型側面部及び底面部を鋳型外側より鋳型保持板3で支持することによって、容易にシリコン融液を保持するのに十分な形状の安定性を持たせることができる。特に、上述した嵩密度の大きな鋳型部材では、鋳造中特に高温に曝される鋳型側面上部などを中心に、鋳型部材の軟化、変形、割れなどの懸念があるので、このような鋳型保持板3を適用すると効果が高い。   FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the casting apparatus of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the mold according to the configuration of the present invention includes a mold holding plate 3a that abuts and supports the mold side surface member 1a of the mold and a mold holding plate 3b that abuts and supports the mold bottom member 1b from outside the mold. It is desirable to provide the casting apparatus of the present invention (hereinafter, the mold holding plates 3a and 3b are abbreviated as the mold holding plate 3). This is because the mold of the present invention is made of silicon dioxide at the time of casting, and a mold member having a large bulk density or a small thickness is easily softened. However, by supporting the mold side face and bottom face with the mold holding plate 3 from the outside of the mold, the stability of the shape sufficient to easily hold the silicon melt can be provided. In particular, in the above-described mold member having a large bulk density, there is a concern that the mold member may be softened, deformed, cracked, or the like, mainly in the upper part of the mold side surface exposed to a high temperature during casting. Applying is highly effective.

鋳型保持板3によって鋳型1を保持する場合、鋳型部材である鋳型側面部材1a及び鋳型底面部材1bは、厚みを4mm以上12mm以下の範囲とするのが良い。従来の鋳型は、シリコンを鋳造する際の高温において鋳型形状を保つために10mm〜15mm以上の肉厚としているが、鋳型を外部から保持する鋳型保持板3を設けることにより、薄い肉厚の鋳型を用いることが可能となる。従来の鋳型よりも厚みが薄く鋳型の熱伝導性が良いために、鋳型底部からの抜熱によって鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるようになり、高品質のシリコンインゴットを作製することができる。ただし、4mmより薄くなると熱伝導がより良好になり本来ならば好ましいが、鋳型そのものの製造時の歩留が大きく低下するため鋳型本体のコストが高くなり、結果的にシリコンインゴットの製造コストが高くなるため好ましくない。また、12mmより厚くなると鋳型の熱伝導性が悪くなり、シリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできなり、この構成とするメリットが薄れるので好ましくない。   When the mold 1 is held by the mold holding plate 3, the mold side member 1a and the mold bottom member 1b, which are mold members, may have a thickness in the range of 4 mm to 12 mm. The conventional mold has a thickness of 10 mm to 15 mm or more in order to keep the mold shape at a high temperature when casting silicon. However, by providing a mold holding plate 3 for holding the mold from the outside, a thin mold is provided. Can be used. Since the mold is thinner than conventional molds and the thermal conductivity of the mold is good, the solidification rate of silicon crystals in the mold can be controlled with high accuracy by removing heat from the bottom of the mold. Can be produced. However, if the thickness is less than 4 mm, the heat conduction is better and it is preferable if it is originally. However, since the yield during the production of the mold itself is greatly reduced, the cost of the mold body is increased, resulting in a higher production cost of the silicon ingot. Therefore, it is not preferable. On the other hand, if the thickness is larger than 12 mm, the thermal conductivity of the mold is deteriorated, the solidification rate of the silicon crystal can be controlled with high accuracy, and the merit of this configuration is not preferable.

この鋳型保持板3は、鋳造時に軟化しやすい二酸化珪素を主成分とする鋳型部材を支えるので、鋳造時の温度でも変形しにくい耐熱性の部材を用いることが望ましい。具体的には、グラファイトや炭素繊維強化炭素材料などの黒鉛材料とすることが望ましい。これらの鋳型保持板3が鋳型1からの抜熱を阻害すること無く高い熱伝導率を有しながら鋳型の軟化変形を保持する機械的強度を有し、さらに高純度化によって太陽電池特性を低下させる要因となるような、例えば金属元素などの不純物、を非常に微量にすることができる。さらに、鋳型外底面部と当接して鋳型底部を保持する鋳型保持板3bはグラファイトなどの高熱伝導性の材料を使用し、一方鋳型外側面部と当接して鋳型側面部を保持する鋳型保持板3aは炭素繊維強化炭素材料などの高い機械強度を有し、かつ熱膨張係数が小さく高温でも安定して鋳型を保持できる材料を使用するのがより好ましい。このような鋳型保持部材の厚みは、鋳型1の変形が抑えられる程度であればよく、厚みの下限値としては2mm以上、好ましくは3mm以上とするのが良い。また、厚みの上限値としては15mm以下、好ましくは10mm以下とするのが良い。厚みが2mmより小さければ、変形を抑えることができない可能性があり、厚みが15mmより大きければ鋳型保持板3のコストが高くなり、シリコンインゴットの製造コストが増加する可能性がある。   Since this mold holding plate 3 supports a mold member mainly composed of silicon dioxide that is easily softened during casting, it is desirable to use a heat-resistant member that is not easily deformed even at the temperature during casting. Specifically, it is desirable to use a graphite material such as graphite or a carbon fiber reinforced carbon material. These mold holding plates 3 have mechanical strength to hold the softening deformation of the mold while maintaining high thermal conductivity without hindering heat removal from the mold 1, and further lowering the solar cell characteristics due to high purity. For example, impurities such as metal elements can be made very small. Further, the mold holding plate 3b that contacts the outer bottom surface of the mold and holds the mold bottom is made of a highly heat conductive material such as graphite, while the mold holding plate 3a that contacts the outer surface of the mold and holds the side surface of the mold. It is more preferable to use a material that has a high mechanical strength such as a carbon fiber reinforced carbon material and has a small thermal expansion coefficient and can stably hold the mold even at a high temperature. The thickness of such a mold holding member only needs to be such that deformation of the mold 1 is suppressed, and the lower limit of the thickness is 2 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or more. The upper limit of the thickness is 15 mm or less, preferably 10 mm or less. If the thickness is less than 2 mm, deformation may not be suppressed. If the thickness is more than 15 mm, the cost of the mold holding plate 3 is increased, and the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot may be increased.

また、必要に応じこれらの鋳型保持板にはそれらを箱型に組み立てるための加工を施したり、ボルトなどの別の部品を取り付けたりしても良い。   Further, if necessary, these mold holding plates may be subjected to processing for assembling them into a box shape, or other parts such as bolts may be attached.

図3に本発明の鋳造装置の実施態様の一例を示す。底面部の鋳型保持板3bには、載置した鋳型1の周囲を囲繞して支えるように設置した側面部の鋳型保持板3aを固定するためのくさび5を受けるくさび受け部6が取り付けられている。また、くさび受け部6と側面部の鋳型保持板3aとの間にくさび5が嵌め込まれている。このような構成とすることによって、鋳型保持板3と鋳型1とを相互に安定して固定することが可能となる。また、鋳型1は、シリコン融液を一方向凝固させるために、鋳型側面部材1aの上部ほど高温に曝され、軟化変形が生じ易いことから、側面部の鋳型保持板3aを外側から取り囲むように保持板固定治具4を周設し、この保持板固定治具4と側面部の鋳型保持板3aとの間にくさび5を嵌め込むことで、側面部の鋳型保持板3aと鋳型側面部材1aを安定して固定することができる。   FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the casting apparatus of the present invention. A wedge receiving portion 6 for receiving a wedge 5 for fixing a side mold holding plate 3a installed so as to surround and support the periphery of the placed mold 1 is attached to the bottom mold holding plate 3b. Yes. Further, a wedge 5 is fitted between the wedge receiving portion 6 and the mold holding plate 3a on the side surface portion. With such a configuration, the mold holding plate 3 and the mold 1 can be stably fixed to each other. Further, since the mold 1 is exposed to a higher temperature at the upper part of the mold side member 1a in order to solidify the silicon melt in one direction, softening deformation easily occurs, so that the mold holding plate 3a on the side part is surrounded from the outside. A holding plate fixing jig 4 is provided around, and a wedge 5 is fitted between the holding plate fixing jig 4 and the mold holding plate 3a on the side surface, whereby the mold holding plate 3a on the side surface and the mold side surface member 1a. Can be fixed stably.

このようにして一体に固定した鋳型1及び鋳型保持板3は、鋳造中に鋳造炉内の冷却機構7上に載置される。このとき、鋳型1及び鋳型保持板3を安定して冷却機構7上に載置できるように、底面部の鋳型保持板3bの下部に、冷却機構7と対応した形状を有する冷却機構受け部8を付与すると良い。   The mold 1 and the mold holding plate 3 fixed together in this way are placed on the cooling mechanism 7 in the casting furnace during casting. At this time, a cooling mechanism receiving portion 8 having a shape corresponding to the cooling mechanism 7 is provided below the mold holding plate 3b on the bottom surface so that the mold 1 and the mold holding plate 3 can be stably placed on the cooling mechanism 7. It is good to give.

このように、本発明の鋳造装置によれば、上述した構成を有する鋳型保持板3によって、従来に比べ密度の大きな鋳型や肉厚の薄い鋳型をより安全に使用することが可能となる。その結果、鋳造中に鋳型が破損してシリコン融液が漏れ出すトラブルによって高価なシリコン原料が無駄となったり高価なシリコン鋳造装置が破損したりすることが無く、高い生産性で高品質のシリコンインゴットを安いコストで製造することが可能となる。さらに、本発明に係る鋳型保持板3を使用することにより鋳型側面の反りが大幅に低減されるので、鋳型内で鋳造したシリコンインゴットの側面の平滑性が向上し、インゴットの加工時に加工装置内にインゴットをセットした際にインゴットが不安定になることが無く、加工精度が向上して加工時の歩留が向上し、多結晶シリコンインゴットの製造コストを大幅に低減できる。   As described above, according to the casting apparatus of the present invention, the mold holding plate 3 having the above-described configuration can more safely use a mold having a higher density or a mold having a smaller wall thickness than conventional ones. As a result, high-quality, high-quality silicon can be used without damaging expensive silicon raw materials or damaging expensive silicon casting equipment due to the trouble of mold breakage during casting and leakage of silicon melt. Ingots can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, since the warpage of the mold side surface is greatly reduced by using the mold holding plate 3 according to the present invention, the smoothness of the side surface of the silicon ingot cast in the mold is improved, and the inside of the processing apparatus is processed during the processing of the ingot. When the ingot is set in the ingot, the ingot does not become unstable, the processing accuracy is improved, the processing yield is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the polycrystalline silicon ingot can be greatly reduced.

図4は、本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法を実施するための、鋳造炉の一例を示す。上述したような構成に係る本発明の鋳造装置を、図4に示す鋳造炉内にて、5〜500Torrに減圧したアルゴン(Ar)雰囲気中に置き、鋳型1をシリコン融液と同程度か若干低い温度で加熱してシリコン融液を注湯する。また、鋳型1内にシリコン原料を入れて直接加熱融解してもよい。その後、鋳型1の底部から徐々に降温させてシリコン融液を鋳型底部から徐々に一方向凝固させる。最後に、鋳型1から多結晶シリコンインゴットを取り出す。本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法は、本発明の鋳造装置を用いていることから、鋳型内でのシリコン結晶の凝固速度を高い精度でコントロールできるとともに、不純物が低減された高品質の多結晶シリコンインゴットを作製することができる。また、製造時間も短いので、シリコンインゴットの製造コストも低減する。   FIG. 4 shows an example of a casting furnace for carrying out the method for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot according to the present invention. The casting apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration is placed in an argon (Ar) atmosphere reduced to 5 to 500 Torr in the casting furnace shown in FIG. Heat at a low temperature to pour silicon melt. Alternatively, a silicon raw material may be placed in the mold 1 and directly heated and melted. Thereafter, the temperature is gradually lowered from the bottom of the mold 1, and the silicon melt is gradually solidified in one direction from the bottom of the mold. Finally, the polycrystalline silicon ingot is taken out from the mold 1. Since the casting method of the polycrystalline silicon ingot of the present invention uses the casting apparatus of the present invention, the solidification rate of the silicon crystal in the mold can be controlled with high accuracy, and the quality of the polycrystalline silicon ingot with reduced impurities can be reduced. A crystalline silicon ingot can be made. Moreover, since the manufacturing time is short, the manufacturing cost of the silicon ingot is also reduced.

なお、得られた多結晶シリコンインゴットは、所定の形状に切断し、マルチワイヤーソーなどを用いてスライスして多結晶シリコン基板を得る。この多結晶シリコン基板は、上述したような高品質の多結晶シリコンインゴットを切断して得られているので、良好な特性のデバイス(例えば、太陽電池素子)を得ることができる。   The obtained polycrystalline silicon ingot is cut into a predetermined shape and sliced using a multi-wire saw or the like to obtain a polycrystalline silicon substrate. Since this polycrystalline silicon substrate is obtained by cutting a high-quality polycrystalline silicon ingot as described above, a device having good characteristics (for example, a solar cell element) can be obtained.

なお、本発明の実施形態は上述の例にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々変更を加え得ることはもちろんである。   It should be noted that the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described example, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

図4に記載の装置を用い、内寸が、間口300mm四方、深さ210mmの鋳型1を用意し、その内面に窒化珪素を主成分として含有する離型材皮膜2を形成してシリコン鋳造用鋳型を作製した。得られた鋳型を100Torrに減圧したアルゴン(Ar)雰囲気中で、鋳型内に加熱融解したシリコン融液40kgを注湯し、鋳型上面を加熱機構9により加熱し、鋳型底面を冷却機構7により徐々に降温させてシリコン融液を一方向凝固させ、高さ約190mmのシリコンインゴットを得た。   Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 4, a mold 1 having an inner dimension of 300 mm square and a depth of 210 mm is prepared, and a mold release film 2 containing silicon nitride as a main component is formed on the inner surface of the mold 1 for casting silicon. Was made. In an argon (Ar) atmosphere in which the obtained mold is reduced to 100 Torr, 40 kg of silicon melt heated and melted is poured into the mold, the mold upper surface is heated by the heating mechanism 9, and the mold bottom is gradually cooled by the cooling mechanism 7. The silicon melt was unidirectionally solidified to obtain a silicon ingot having a height of about 190 mm.

使用した溶融シリカの焼結体からなる鋳型1について、あらかじめ構成材として炭化珪素粉末を所定量混合することによって、その鋳型部材の900℃のときにおける熱伝導率を変化させたものを用意した。熱伝導率の測定は、JIS R1611-1997で規定されるレーザーフラッシュ法に準拠して評価した。このときの鋳型部材の厚みを10mmとした。   About the casting_mold | template 1 which consists of the sintered compact of the used fused silica, what changed the thermal conductivity in the time of 900 degreeC of the casting_mold | template member by preparing a predetermined amount of silicon carbide powder as a constituent material was prepared. The measurement of thermal conductivity was evaluated according to the laser flash method specified in JIS R1611-1997. The thickness of the mold member at this time was 10 mm.

それぞれの鋳型により得られたシリコンインゴットについて、融液の注湯から凝固完了までの凝固時間、インゴットの品質の指標となる少数キャリア寿命、を調査した。各項目において、◎は非常によい、○はよい、△は許容範囲ぎりぎり、×は不可を表す。

Figure 2006273664
With respect to the silicon ingots obtained from the respective molds, the solidification time from the melt pouring to the completion of solidification and the minority carrier lifetime which is an index of the quality of the ingot were investigated. In each item, “◎” is very good, “よ い” is good, “Δ” is just below the allowable range, and “×” is not possible.
Figure 2006273664

表1の結果より、本発明の範囲外である熱伝導率が0.8、0.9(W/(m・K))の鋳型部材を用いて作製した従来例No.3、4においては、凝固時間が長く、少数キャリア寿命も満足のいく結果が得られなかった。しかしながら、本発明の範囲である熱伝導率が1.0、1.1(W/(m・K))の鋳型部材を用いて作製したNo.1、2においては、凝固時間が従来例に比べ短く、少数キャリア寿命も満足のいく結果が得られた。   From the results shown in Table 1, the conventional example No. manufactured using a mold member having a thermal conductivity of 0.8, 0.9 (W / (m · K)) outside the scope of the present invention. In cases 3 and 4, the solidification time was long and the minority carrier lifetime was not satisfactory. However, No. 1 manufactured using a mold member having a thermal conductivity of 1.0 or 1.1 (W / (m · K)), which is within the scope of the present invention. In 1 and 2, the solidification time was shorter than that of the conventional example, and the satisfactory minority carrier life was obtained.

実施例1と同様の装置を用いて、使用した溶融シリカの焼結体からなる鋳型1について、その鋳型部材の厚みを変化させたものを用意した。また、このときの鋳型部材の900℃のときにおける熱伝導率は、溶融シリカ焼結体を得る際の焼成時間により制御し、全て1.0(W/(m・K))とした。   Using the same apparatus as in Example 1, a mold 1 made of a sintered body of fused silica used was prepared by changing the thickness of the mold member. Further, the thermal conductivity of the mold member at 900 ° C. at this time was controlled by the firing time when obtaining the fused silica sintered body, and was all set to 1.0 (W / (m · K)).

それぞれの鋳型により得られたシリコンインゴットについて、融液の注湯から凝固完了までの凝固時間、インゴットの品質の指標となる少数キャリア寿命、鋳造中の鋳型の変形の有無を調査した。各項目において、◎は非常によい、○はよい、△は許容範囲ぎりぎり、×は不可を表す。

Figure 2006273664
The silicon ingot obtained from each mold was examined for the solidification time from the melt pouring to the completion of solidification, the minority carrier life as an index of the quality of the ingot, and the presence or absence of deformation of the mold during casting. In each item, “◎” is very good, “よ い” is good, “Δ” is just below the allowable range, and “×” is not possible.
Figure 2006273664

表2の結果より、全て本発明の範囲内の試料であり、許容範囲以上の結果が得られることがわかった。   From the results in Table 2, it was found that all the samples were within the scope of the present invention, and results exceeding the allowable range were obtained.

なお、鋳型部材の厚みが3mmであるNo.5においては、凝固速度が速く、少数キャリア寿命も満足のいく結果が得られたが、鋳型の変形が激しく、取り出したシリコンインゴットの端部を広範囲に切断する必要があり、使用できる範囲が狭くなるため、あまり好ましくない結果となった。また、鋳型部材の厚みが4mmから12mmであるNo.6、7、8においては、凝固速度、少数キャリア寿命、鋳型の変形すべてにおいて、許容範囲にあり満足のいく結果となった。また、鋳型部材の厚みが13mmであるNo.9においては、凝固速度、少数キャリア寿命が許容範囲ではあるが、No.6、7、8に比べ悪く、あまり好ましくない結果となった。   In addition, the thickness of the mold member is 3 mm. In No. 5, the solidification rate was high and the minority carrier life was satisfactory. However, the mold was severely deformed and the end of the silicon ingot that had been taken out had to be cut extensively, and the usable range was narrow. Therefore, the result was not so favorable. In addition, No. in which the thickness of the mold member is 4 mm to 12 mm. In Examples 6, 7, and 8, the solidification rate, the minority carrier lifetime, and the deformation of the mold were all within acceptable ranges, and the results were satisfactory. In addition, No. in which the thickness of the mold member is 13 mm. In No. 9, the solidification rate and minority carrier life are acceptable, but no. Compared to 6, 7 and 8, the results were not so favorable.

本発明のシリコン鋳造用鋳型の実施形態の一例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal section showing an example of an embodiment of a silicon casting mold of the present invention. 本発明のシリコン鋳造装置の一実施形態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows one Embodiment of the silicon casting apparatus of this invention. 本発明のシリコン鋳造装置の他の実施形態を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment of the silicon | silicone casting apparatus of this invention. 本発明の多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法を実施するための、鋳造炉の一例を示す縦断面図である。It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the casting furnace for enforcing the casting method of the polycrystalline silicon ingot of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1:シリコン鋳造用鋳型
1a:鋳型側面部材
1b:鋳型底面部材
2:離型材皮膜
3、3a、3b:鋳型保持板
4:保持板固定治具
5:くさび
6:くさび受け部
7:冷却機構
8:冷却機構受け部
9:加熱機構
1: mold for silicon casting 1a: mold side member 1b: mold bottom member 2: release material coating 3, 3a, 3b: mold holding plate 4: holding plate fixing jig 5: wedge 6: wedge receiving portion 7: cooling mechanism 8 : Cooling mechanism receiving part 9: Heating mechanism

Claims (12)

内面側に離型材皮膜を備えるとともに、内部でシリコン原料を融解、又はシリコン融液を保持あるいは凝固させた後、冷却するシリコン鋳造用鋳型であって、
前記鋳型を構成する鋳型部材は、二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体を焼成した焼結体で形成されているとともに、900℃における熱伝導率が1.0(W/(m・K))以上であるシリコン鋳造用鋳型。
A mold for casting silicon that has a release material film on the inner surface side, and melts the silicon raw material inside or holds or solidifies the silicon melt, and then cools the mold.
The mold member constituting the mold is formed of a sintered body obtained by firing a powder mainly composed of silicon dioxide, and has a thermal conductivity of 1.0 (W / (m · K)) at 900 ° C. This is the silicon casting mold.
前記二酸化珪素を主成分とする粉体は、溶融シリカ(fused silica)である請求項1に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。 The silicon casting mold according to claim 1, wherein the powder containing silicon dioxide as a main component is fused silica. 前記鋳型部材は、900℃における熱伝導率が1.1(W/(m・K))以上である物質を構成材として含有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。 3. The silicon casting mold according to claim 1, wherein the mold member contains a material having a thermal conductivity at 900 ° C. of 1.1 (W / (m · K)) or more as a constituent material. 4. 前記構成材が、黒鉛、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、溶融石英、透明石英ガラスから選択された一つ以上の物質である請求項3に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。 4. The silicon casting mold according to claim 3, wherein the constituent material is one or more substances selected from graphite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, fused quartz, and transparent quartz glass. 前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、
前記構成材の含有率は、前記鋳型側面部材に比べて前記鋳型底面部材の方が大きい請求項3又は請求項4に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。
The mold member includes a mold side surface member constituting the side surface of the mold, and a mold bottom surface member constituting the bottom surface of the mold,
5. The silicon casting mold according to claim 3, wherein a content rate of the constituent material is larger in the mold bottom surface member than in the mold side surface member.
前記鋳型部材の嵩密度が2.0(g/cm)以上である請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。 The silicon casting mold according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a bulk density of the mold member is 2.0 (g / cm 3 ) or more. 前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含み、
前記鋳型部材の嵩密度は、前記鋳型側面部材に比べて前記鋳型底面部材の方が大きい請求項6に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型。
The mold member includes a mold side surface member constituting the side surface of the mold, and a mold bottom surface member constituting the bottom surface of the mold,
The mold for silicon casting according to claim 6, wherein a bulk density of the mold member is larger in the mold bottom surface member than in the mold side surface member.
前記鋳型部材は、鋳型の側面を構成する鋳型側面部材と、鋳型の底面を構成する鋳型底面部材とを含む、請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン鋳造用鋳型と、
前記シリコン鋳造用鋳型の外側から、前記鋳型側面部材及び前記鋳型底面部材と当接して支えるように設けられた鋳型保持板と、を備えたシリコン鋳造装置。
8. The mold for casting silicon according to claim 1, wherein the mold member includes a mold side surface member that forms a side surface of the mold and a mold bottom surface member that forms a bottom surface of the mold.
A silicon casting apparatus comprising: a mold holding plate provided so as to be in contact with and support the mold side surface member and the mold bottom surface member from the outside of the silicon casting mold.
前記鋳型保持板は、黒鉛材料から成る請求項8に記載のシリコン鋳造装置。 The silicon casting apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the mold holding plate is made of a graphite material. 前記鋳型底面部材に当接する鋳型保持板は、グラファイトであり、
前記鋳型側面部材に当接する鋳型保持板は、炭素繊維強化炭素材料である請求項9に記載のシリコン鋳造装置。
The mold holding plate in contact with the mold bottom member is graphite,
The silicon casting apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the mold holding plate in contact with the mold side member is a carbon fiber reinforced carbon material.
前記鋳型部材の厚みは、4mm以上12mm以下である請求項8乃至請求項10のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン鋳造装置。 The thickness of the said mold member is 4 mm or more and 12 mm or less, The silicon | silicone casting apparatus as described in any one of Claims 8 thru | or 10. 請求項8乃至請求項11のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン鋳造装置を用いて形成する多結晶シリコンインゴットの鋳造方法。
A method for casting a polycrystalline silicon ingot formed using the silicon casting apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11.
JP2005095849A 2005-03-29 2005-03-29 Silicon casting apparatus and method for casting polycrystalline silicon ingot Expired - Fee Related JP4863637B2 (en)

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