JP2006250618A - Speed detector - Google Patents

Speed detector Download PDF

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JP2006250618A
JP2006250618A JP2005065412A JP2005065412A JP2006250618A JP 2006250618 A JP2006250618 A JP 2006250618A JP 2005065412 A JP2005065412 A JP 2005065412A JP 2005065412 A JP2005065412 A JP 2005065412A JP 2006250618 A JP2006250618 A JP 2006250618A
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speed
rotational speed
output
rectangular wave
corrector
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JP4610377B2 (en
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Shigenori Hagiwara
茂教 萩原
Yoichi Omori
洋一 大森
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Toyo Electric Manufacturing Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for especially improving speed detection precision, and precisely detecting rotational speed when detecting the speed of a motor. <P>SOLUTION: A speed detector comprises: an encoder 2 for outputting one rectangular wave or a plurality of rectangular waves having different phases in which the frequency is changed according to the rotational speed; and a speed computing element for computing the rotational speed from the inverse of time difference from a point t(0) of time when the last rectangular wave varies to that t(1) of time when the rectangular wave varies at the point t(1) of time when the rectangular wave varies. The speed detector has a speed corrector 4 for newly computing the rotational speed for outputting by inputting the output of a speed computing element 3 and the time difference. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は電動機の速度検出に関するもので、特に速度検出精度を向上させる手法を提案するものである。   The present invention relates to speed detection of an electric motor, and particularly proposes a method for improving speed detection accuracy.

図2に一例として速度検出装置を示し、この図に基づいて従来技術を説明する。
電動機1に接続しているエンコーダ2は、電動機1の回転速度に応じて周波数が変化する一つの矩形波であるA相信号を出力している。速度演算器3は、A相信号が変化した時t(n)に、前回A相信号が変化した時t(n−1)から今回A相信号が変化した時t(n)までの間の時間差の逆数から電動機1の回転子の回転速度N(n)を求めている。回転速度N(n)を式で表すと以下となる。
FIG. 2 shows a speed detection apparatus as an example, and the prior art will be described based on this figure.
The encoder 2 connected to the electric motor 1 outputs an A-phase signal that is one rectangular wave whose frequency changes according to the rotation speed of the electric motor 1. The speed calculator 3 has a period between the time t (n-1) when the A-phase signal is changed and the time t (n-1) when the A-phase signal is changed this time. The rotational speed N (n) of the rotor of the electric motor 1 is obtained from the reciprocal of the time difference. The rotational speed N (n) is represented by the following formula.

N(n)=G/{t(n)−t(n−1)} (1) N (n) = G / {t (n) -t (n-1)} (1)

ここで、Gは時間差の逆数から回転速度N(n)を求める定数であり、n=0、1、2、・・・である。電動機1のトルクや回転速度をそれらの指令通りに追従するためなどに、回転速度N(n)は用いられている。 Here, G is a constant for obtaining the rotational speed N (n) from the reciprocal of the time difference, and n = 0, 1, 2,. The rotational speed N (n) is used to follow the torque and rotational speed of the electric motor 1 in accordance with those commands.

特開2002−112597JP 2002-112597 A

電動機1の回転速度が一定の場合を考える。回転速度が一定であればエンコーダ2の出力するA相信号の矩形波のデューティは50[%]であるはずだが、製作上の限界やコストなどにより実際には多少ずれている。すると、A相信号が変化する時間差は図3に示すとおり、A相信号がハイの状態のtxとA相信号がロウの状態のtyの2種類が交互に繰り返されることになる。よって、速度演算器3で求められる回転速度も、(1)式を用いると、下記に示すとおりNx、Nyの2種類の回転速度となる。 Consider a case where the rotation speed of the electric motor 1 is constant. If the rotational speed is constant, the duty of the rectangular wave of the A-phase signal output from the encoder 2 should be 50 [%], but it actually deviates somewhat due to manufacturing limitations and costs. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, the time difference at which the A-phase signal changes is alternately repeated between tx when the A-phase signal is high and ty when the A-phase signal is low. Therefore, the rotational speed obtained by the speed calculator 3 also becomes two kinds of rotational speeds Nx and Ny as shown below when the expression (1) is used.

N(1)=N(3)=・・・
=G/{t(1)−t(0)}=G/{t(3)−t(2)}=・・・
=G/tx
=Nx (2)
N(2)=N(4)=・・・
=G/{t(2)−t(1)}=G/{t(4)−t(3)}=・・・
=G/ty
=Ny (3)
N (1) = N (3) = ...
= G / {t (1) -t (0)} = G / {t (3) -t (2)} =.
= G / tx
= Nx (2)
N (2) = N (4) = ...
= G / {t (2) -t (1)} = G / {t (4) -t (3)} =.
= G / ty
= Ny (3)

図3に示すとおり、(2)式と(3)式を用いると、実際の回転速度Nrealは以下で表される。   As shown in FIG. 3, the actual rotational speed Nreal is expressed as follows using the equations (2) and (3).

Nreal=(Nx×tx+Ny×ty)/(tx+ty)
=2×G/(tx+ty) (4)
Nreal = (Nx × tx + Ny × ty) / (tx + ty)
= 2 × G / (tx + ty) (4)

一方、速度演算器3は、A相信号がロウの状態の時(ty)に回転速度Nxを出力し、A相信号がハイの状態の時(tx)に回転速度Nyを出力する。よって、速度演算器3の出力する回転速度の平均値Nmeanは、以下の式となる。   On the other hand, the speed calculator 3 outputs the rotational speed Nx when the phase A signal is low (ty), and outputs the rotational speed Ny when the phase A signal is high (tx). Therefore, the average value Nmean of the rotation speed output from the speed calculator 3 is represented by the following expression.

Nmean=(Nx×ty+Ny×tx)/(tx+ty) (5) Nmean = (Nx × ty + Ny × tx) / (tx + ty) (5)

時間差がtx<tyの場合、txから演算した回転速度Nxとtyから演算した回転速度Nyは、Nx>Nyとなる。よって、(4)式と(5)式とにより、実際の回転速度Nrealよりも速度演算器3の出力する回転速度の平均値Nmeanの方が大きくなる(Nreal<Nmean)。これは、先述したように速い回転速度Nxは長い期間ty使われ、遅い回転速度Nyは短い期間txしか使われないことからも分かる。電動機1の回転速度を制御している場合、速度演算器3の回転速度を回転速度指令に追従させるため、実際の回転速度は回転速度指令よりも遅くなってしまう。
なお、平均回転速度Nmeanから実際の回転速度Nrealを減じた回転速度誤差は、回転速度と比例関係となり、回転速度が速くなるほど回転速度誤差が顕著に出てくる。
When the time difference is tx <ty, the rotational speed Nx calculated from tx and the rotational speed Ny calculated from ty are Nx> Ny. Therefore, according to the equations (4) and (5), the average value Nmean of the rotation speed output from the speed calculator 3 is larger than the actual rotation speed Nreal (Nreal <Nmean). This can be understood from the fact that the high rotational speed Nx is used for a long period ty and the low rotational speed Ny is used only for a short period tx as described above. When the rotational speed of the electric motor 1 is controlled, the actual rotational speed is slower than the rotational speed command because the rotational speed of the speed calculator 3 is made to follow the rotational speed command.
The rotational speed error obtained by subtracting the actual rotational speed Nreal from the average rotational speed Nmean has a proportional relationship with the rotational speed, and the rotational speed error becomes more prominent as the rotational speed increases.

上記問題点を解決するために、本発明は回転速度検出精度を向上させる速度検出装置を提供することにある。   In order to solve the above problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a speed detection device that improves the rotational speed detection accuracy.

前述した問題点を解決するために、回転速度に応じて周波数が変化する一つまたは位相の異なる複数個の矩形波を出力するエンコーダと前記矩形波の変化時点t(1)で前回の矩形波の変化時点t(0)から前記矩形波の変化時点t(1)までの間の時間差の逆数から回転速度を演算する速度演算器とからなる速度検出装置において、前記速度演算器の出力と前記時間差とを入力して新たに回転速度を演算して出力する速度補正器を具備し、該速度補正器は前記速度演算器の出力が更新された時点で前記速度補正器が今まで出力していた回転速度と前記速度演算器の出力との差に前記時間差に比例したゲインを乗じた分だけ前記速度補正器の出力の回転速度を補正することを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems, an encoder that outputs one or a plurality of rectangular waves with different frequencies according to the rotation speed and the previous rectangular wave at the change point t (1) of the rectangular wave. A speed calculator comprising a speed calculator for calculating the rotational speed from the reciprocal of the time difference between the change point t (0) of the current and the change point t (1) of the rectangular wave, and the output of the speed calculator and the A speed corrector that inputs a time difference and newly calculates and outputs the rotational speed is provided, and the speed corrector outputs the speed corrector up to now when the output of the speed calculator is updated. The rotational speed of the output of the speed corrector is corrected by an amount obtained by multiplying the difference between the rotational speed and the output of the speed calculator by a gain proportional to the time difference.

本発明により、正確な回転速度検出を行うことができる。   According to the present invention, accurate rotation speed detection can be performed.

電動機を広範囲な回転速度領域で、精度よく回転速度を制御することができた。   The motor was able to control the rotation speed with high accuracy in a wide range of rotation speed.

図1は、本発明の1実施例のブロック図である。
従来技術と異なるのは速度補正器4である。速度補正器4は、速度演算器3の出力の回転速度N(n)と時間差とを入力し、新たに回転速度S(n)を求めて出力する。回転速度S(n)は、回転速度N(n)が更新された時、すなわちエンコーダ2の出力のA相信号が変化した時t(n)に、今まで速度補正器3が出力していた回転速度S(n−1)と速度演算器3出力の回転速度N(n)との差に時間差に比例したゲインを乗じた分だけ速度補正器3の出力の回転速度S(n−1)を補正したもので、(1)式を用いると以下で表される。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
The speed corrector 4 is different from the prior art. The speed corrector 4 receives the rotational speed N (n) output from the speed calculator 3 and the time difference, and obtains and outputs a new rotational speed S (n). The rotational speed S (n) has been output by the speed corrector 3 so far when the rotational speed N (n) is updated, that is, when the A-phase signal of the output of the encoder 2 changes. The rotational speed S (n-1) output from the speed corrector 3 is multiplied by the difference between the rotational speed S (n-1) and the rotational speed N (n) output from the speed calculator 3 by a gain proportional to the time difference. And is expressed as follows using equation (1).

S(n)={(N(n)−S(n−1)}×[{t(n)−t(n−1)}×K]
+S(n−1)
=[1−{t(n)−t(n−1)}×K]×S(n−1)+G×K (6)
S (n) = {(N (n) -S (n-1)} * [{t (n) -t (n-1)} * K]
+ S (n-1)
= [1- {t (n) -t (n-1)} * K] * S (n-1) + G * K (6)

ここで、Kは定数である。
図3と同様に、電動機1の回転速度が一定の場合を考え、A相信号が変化する時間差は時間差tx、tyの2種類が交互に繰り返されることとすると、速度補正器4で求められる回転速度もSx、Syの2種類となり、以下となる。
Here, K is a constant.
As in FIG. 3, considering the case where the rotation speed of the electric motor 1 is constant, the time difference in which the A-phase signal changes is determined by the speed corrector 4 assuming that two types of time differences tx and ty are alternately repeated. There are two types of speed, Sx and Sy.

S(1)=S(3)=・・・
=[1−{t(1)−t(0)}×K]×S(0)+G×K
=[1−{t(3)−t(2)}×K]×S(2)+G×K
=・・・
=(1−tx×K)×Sy+G×K
=Sx (7)
S(2)=S(4)=・・・
=[1−{t(2)−t(1)}×K]×S(1)+G×K
=[1−{t(4)−t(3)}×K]×S(3)+G×K
=・・・
=(1−ty×K)×Sx+G×K
=Sy (8)
S (1) = S (3) = ...
= [1- {t (1) -t (0)} * K] * S (0) + G * K
= [1- {t (3) -t (2)} * K] * S (2) + G * K
= ...
= (1-tx × K) × Sy + G × K
= Sx (7)
S (2) = S (4) = ...
= [1- {t (2) -t (1)} * K] * S (1) + G * K
= [1- {t (4) -t (3)} * K] * S (3) + G * K
= ...
= (1-ty × K) × Sx + G × K
= Sy (8)

(7)式と(8)式とからSx、Syについて解くと以下となる。 Solving for Sx and Sy from equations (7) and (8) gives the following.

Sx=G×(2−tx×K)/(tx+ty−tx×ty×K) (9)
Sy=G×(2−ty×K)/(tx+ty−tx×ty×K) (10)
Sx = G * (2-tx * K) / (tx + ty-tx * ty * K) (9)
Sy = G * (2-ty * K) / (tx + ty-tx * ty * K) (10)

よって、速度演算器3の出力する回転速度の平均値と同様に、速度補正器4の出力する回転速度の平均値Nsを求めると、以下の式となる。 Therefore, when the average value Ns of the rotation speed output from the speed corrector 4 is obtained in the same manner as the average value of the rotation speed output from the speed calculator 3, the following equation is obtained.

Ns=(Sx×ty+Sy×tx)/(tx+ty)
=G×{(2−tx×K)×ty+(2−ty×K)×tx}/
{(tx+ty)×(tx+ty−tx×ty×K)}
=2×G/(tx+ty) (11)
Ns = (Sx × ty + Sy × tx) / (tx + ty)
= G * {(2-tx * K) * ty + (2-ty * K) * tx} /
{(Tx + ty) × (tx + ty−tx × ty × K)}
= 2 × G / (tx + ty) (11)

よって、速度補正器4で求めた回転速度の平均値Nsである(11)式は、(4)式で求めた実際の回転速度Nrealと等しくなる。 Therefore, the equation (11), which is the average value Ns of the rotation speed obtained by the speed corrector 4, is equal to the actual rotation speed Nreal obtained by the equation (4).

上記説明では、エンコーダ2から出力される矩形波は一つとしているが、請求項にも記載のとおり位相の異なる複数個の矩形波においても同様な効果が得られる。
また、矩形波が変化する度に速度演算器3や速度補正器4により回転速度を求める構成であるが、所定時間毎に回転速度を求める構成の場合でも同様な効果が得られる。
さらに、エンコーダから出力されるのは矩形波としているが、回転速度に応じて周波数が変化する交流波形であればよく、例えばエンコーダから出力される波形が正弦波であっても零クロスのヒステリシスコンパレータを通すことで矩形波となることから同様な構成、効果を得ることができる。
In the above description, the number of rectangular waves output from the encoder 2 is one. However, as described in the claims, the same effect can be obtained with a plurality of rectangular waves having different phases.
In addition, the rotational speed is obtained by the speed calculator 3 or the speed corrector 4 every time the rectangular wave changes, but the same effect can be obtained even in the case of the rotational speed obtained every predetermined time.
Furthermore, the output from the encoder is a rectangular wave, but it may be an AC waveform whose frequency changes according to the rotational speed. For example, even if the waveform output from the encoder is a sine wave, a zero-crossing hysteresis comparator Since it becomes a rectangular wave by passing, the same structure and effect can be obtained.

本発明により、様々な種類のエンコーダを用いた場合、正確な回転速度が検出できることから、産業上の利用の可能性は大いにある。   According to the present invention, when various kinds of encoders are used, since an accurate rotational speed can be detected, there is a great possibility of industrial use.

本発明の実施例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed the Example of this invention. 従来の技術の一例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed an example of the prior art. エンコーダの出力波形の一例を示した説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which showed an example of the output waveform of an encoder.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 電動機
2 エンコーダ
3 速度演算器
4 速度補正器
1 Motor 2 Encoder 3 Speed calculator 4 Speed corrector

Claims (1)

回転速度に応じて周波数が変化する一つまたは位相の異なる複数個の矩形波を出力するエンコーダと前記矩形波の変化時点t(1)で前回の矩形波の変化時点t(0)から前記矩形波の変化時点t(1)までの間の時間差の逆数から回転速度を演算する速度演算器とからなる速度検出装置において、
前記速度演算器の出力と前記時間差とを入力して新たに回転速度を演算して出力する速度補正器を具備し、該速度補正器は前記速度演算器の出力が更新された時点で前記速度補正器が今まで出力していた回転速度と前記速度演算器の出力との差に前記時間差に比例したゲインを乗じた分だけ前記速度補正器の出力の回転速度を補正することを特徴とする速度検出装置。
An encoder that outputs one or a plurality of rectangular waves with different phases according to the rotational speed and the rectangular wave from the previous rectangular wave change time t (0) at the rectangular wave change time t (1). In a speed detection device comprising a speed calculator that calculates the rotational speed from the reciprocal of the time difference until the wave change time t (1),
A speed corrector that inputs the output of the speed calculator and the time difference and calculates and outputs a new rotational speed, and the speed corrector updates the speed when the output of the speed calculator is updated; The rotational speed of the output of the speed corrector is corrected by an amount obtained by multiplying the difference between the rotational speed output by the corrector and the output of the speed calculator up to a gain proportional to the time difference. Speed detection device.
JP2005065412A 2005-03-09 2005-03-09 Speed detection device Active JP4610377B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110163991A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-23 吉旗(成都)科技有限公司 Vehicle host speed and slave speed proofreading method and device based on Internet of Things

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01132968A (en) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Detected value correcting device of wheel speed sensor
JPH08334526A (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-17 Shimpo Ind Co Ltd Speed detection device
JP2001041967A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-16 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Moderation filter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01132968A (en) * 1987-11-17 1989-05-25 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Detected value correcting device of wheel speed sensor
JPH08334526A (en) * 1995-06-09 1996-12-17 Shimpo Ind Co Ltd Speed detection device
JP2001041967A (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-02-16 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Moderation filter

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110163991A (en) * 2019-05-14 2019-08-23 吉旗(成都)科技有限公司 Vehicle host speed and slave speed proofreading method and device based on Internet of Things

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