JP2006208214A - Thermal history estimating method of heat-resistant member - Google Patents
Thermal history estimating method of heat-resistant member Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は燃焼プラント設備に係わり、金属材料からなる例えば伝熱管などの耐熱(耐圧)部材の運転中のメタル温度を推定するのに好適な熱履歴推定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a combustion plant facility, and more particularly to a thermal history estimation method suitable for estimating a metal temperature during operation of a heat-resistant (pressure-resistant) member made of a metal material such as a heat transfer tube.
ボイラ、石炭ガス化炉、ごみ焼却炉等の燃焼プラント設備において、水壁管などの部材は火炉内の輻射熱を受けて高温になり、内部流体との熱交換を行うが、水壁管の温度は火炉の輻射熱のばらつきに大きく影響され、部分的に温度が不均一になり易く、正確なメタル温度の推定が困難な場合がある。そして場合によっては水壁管などの部材の酸化や高温による腐食、硫化によってバーナ近傍部位が大きな損傷を受けることがある。 In combustion plant facilities such as boilers, coal gasifiers, and waste incinerators, water wall pipes and other components receive heat from the radiant heat in the furnace and become hot, and exchange heat with the internal fluid. Is greatly affected by variations in the radiant heat of the furnace, the temperature tends to be partially uneven, and it may be difficult to accurately estimate the metal temperature. In some cases, a portion near the burner may be severely damaged by oxidation of members such as a water wall tube, corrosion due to high temperature, or sulfuration.
特に、例えば大型の石炭焚きボイラでは火炉幅が30mに達するものもあるため、水壁全体の温度分布を正確に把握することは容易ではない。 In particular, for example, some large coal-fired boilers have a furnace width of 30 m, so it is not easy to accurately grasp the temperature distribution of the entire water wall.
またバーナ近傍等で設計時の予測以上に高温になる領域があった場合、高温による酸化や腐食、更に硫化腐食等によって火炉の水壁管などの部材が減肉、漏洩にいたる危険があり、より高温の場合はクリープ損傷によって火炉の水壁管などの部材の膨出や噴破事故を引き起こす場合もある。 Also, if there is a region where the temperature is higher than expected at the time of design, such as near the burner, there is a risk that the water wall pipe of the furnace will be thinned and leaked due to oxidation and corrosion due to high temperature, and further sulfide corrosion, etc. At higher temperatures, creep damage may cause bulging of members such as furnace water wall pipes and blasting accidents.
このような現象を防ぐため、水壁等の火炉内側に熱電対を設置して水壁管のメタル温度を実測する場合がある。しかし実測には計測機器が必要なため測定点数が限られること、また長期間、例えば2〜4年の定検周期に亘って火炉内において連続で測定するには、熱電対自身の信頼性も考慮すると現実的ではなく、温度分布の推定、評価は数値解析による場合が大きかった。また火炉内は広く、水壁管などの部材のメタル温度の測定対象が広範囲であるため、熱電対による計測は費用や熱電対自身の耐久性の問題があり、限られた測定にしか用いられていない。
一方、熱電対等により温度を計測するのではなく、容易に計測できる耐熱部材の材料特性の変化を利用して、その部材が受けた熱履歴や損傷を推定する方法も提案されている。例えば上記特許文献1に記載された発明では、活性化エネルギーを用いることによってオーステナイト鋼(ステンレス鋼)製部材の硬さの変化から部材の機械的性質の劣化を評価する方法が提案されている。またその他にも上記特許文献2に記載された発明では、炭素鋼やCr(クロム)−Mo(モリブデン)鋼の硬さ変化(熱時効による硬度軟化)から熱履歴やクリープ損傷を推定する方法も提案されている。硬さは対象とする部材のサンプリング等を必要としない非破壊検査法として、比較的容易に計測することができる。
しかし、一般にボイラ鋼管として広く用いられてきた材料は、炭素鋼、Cr−Mo合金鋼、Cr18〜25重量%系オーステナイト鋼であり、熱時効によって軟化あるいは硬化といった変化を示すものの、硬さ変化の絶対値が小さい(例えば鋼種によるが、数万時間ではビッカース硬さで20〜40Hv程度)ため、測定精度あるいは熱履歴、物性値の推定精度の面で信頼性が低いという問題があった。また各々の鋼種毎に、初期硬さや実験室的な熱時効硬化特性のデータを予め求めておく必要があったことから非常に煩雑であった。そしてプラント建設時から多くの材料について初期硬さのデータを採取しておくことはほとんど困難であり、実用上の大きな障害となっていた。燃焼プラントにおける耐熱耐圧部材のメタル温度を推定する方法として、容易に適用でき、かつ炉壁の腐食雰囲気に対しても信頼性の高い温度推定法が求められている。
On the other hand, instead of measuring the temperature with a thermocouple or the like, there has been proposed a method for estimating the thermal history and damage received by the member by utilizing the change in material characteristics of the heat-resistant member that can be easily measured. For example, the invention described in Patent Document 1 proposes a method for evaluating deterioration of mechanical properties of a member from change in hardness of an austenitic steel (stainless steel) member by using activation energy. In addition, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, there is also a method for estimating the thermal history and creep damage from the hardness change (hardness softening due to thermal aging) of carbon steel or Cr (chromium) -Mo (molybdenum) steel. Proposed. Hardness can be measured relatively easily as a non-destructive inspection method that does not require sampling of the target member.
However, materials that have been widely used as boiler steel pipes are carbon steel, Cr-Mo alloy steel, and Cr18-25 wt% austenitic steel, which show changes such as softening or hardening due to thermal aging. Since the absolute value is small (for example, depending on the steel type, Vickers hardness is about 20 to 40 Hv in tens of thousands of hours), there is a problem that the reliability is low in terms of measurement accuracy, thermal history, and physical property value estimation accuracy. Moreover, since it was necessary to obtain in advance data on initial hardness and laboratory thermal age hardening characteristics for each steel type, it was very complicated. It was almost difficult to collect initial hardness data for many materials from the time of plant construction, which was a major impediment to practical use. As a method for estimating the metal temperature of a heat-resistant pressure-resistant member in a combustion plant, a temperature estimation method that can be easily applied and has high reliability even in the corrosive atmosphere of the furnace wall is required.
本発明の課題は上記の問題点を解消し、燃焼プラント設備において、一般的に使用されている広い範囲の材料からなる部材に対して、容易にかつ精度良く、長期間に亘って熱履歴(温度)を求めることができる方法を提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in a combustion plant facility, for a member made of a wide range of materials that are generally used, a thermal history (over a long period of time) easily and accurately. (Temperature) can be obtained.
また本発明の課題は、当測定対象となる部位の材料の初期硬さを必要としない、簡便で有益な熱履歴(温度)推定方法を提供することにある。 Moreover, the subject of this invention is providing the simple and useful thermal history (temperature) estimation method which does not require the initial hardness of the material of the site | part used as this measuring object.
本発明の上記課題は、任意の部位或いは任意の鋼種からなる高温耐圧部材の表面に熱時効により硬化する析出硬化型の材料を肉盛溶接或いは溶射し、設備の運転前及び運転後に当該材料表面の硬さを測定し、予め熱時効試験で求めておいた溶接箇所或いは溶射層の硬化特性のデータと比較し、硬さの増加量から当該材料の熱履歴を求め、熱耐圧部材の温度を推定することにより、容易に達成される。具体的には以下の方法により達成される。 The above-mentioned problem of the present invention is to deposit or spray a precipitation hardening type material that hardens by thermal aging on the surface of a high-temperature pressure-resistant member made of any part or any steel type, and the surface of the material before and after the operation of the equipment The hardness of the material is measured and compared with the data on the curing characteristics of the welded part or sprayed layer obtained in advance by a thermal aging test, the thermal history of the material is obtained from the increase in hardness, and the temperature of the heat pressure resistant member is determined. This is easily achieved by estimation. Specifically, this is achieved by the following method.
請求項1記載の発明は、燃焼プラント設備において、耐熱金属材料からなる耐圧部材の表面に、熱時効により硬化する析出硬化型の材料を肉盛溶接し、設備の運転後に当該材料表面の硬さを測定し、予め運転前に測定した硬さ及び熱時効試験で求めておいた硬化特性のデータと比較し、前記硬さの増加量から当該材料の熱履歴を求め、前記耐熱耐圧部材の温度を推定する熱履歴推定方法である。 The invention according to claim 1 is a combustion plant facility in which build-up welding is performed on a surface of a pressure-resistant member made of a refractory metal material and a precipitation hardening type material that is cured by thermal aging, and the hardness of the surface of the material after the facility is operated. Is measured in advance and compared with the hardness characteristics data obtained in advance in the hardness and thermal aging tests measured before operation, the thermal history of the material is determined from the increase in the hardness, the temperature of the heat and pressure resistant member This is a thermal history estimation method for estimating.
請求項2記載の発明は、燃焼プラント設備において、耐熱金属材料からなる耐圧部材の表面に、熱時効により硬化する析出硬化型の材料を溶射し、設備の運転後に当該材料表面の硬さを測定し、予め運転前に測定した硬さ及び熱時効試験で求めておいた硬化特性のデータと比較し、前記硬さの増加量から当該材料の熱履歴を求め、前記耐熱耐圧部材の温度を推定する熱履歴推定方法である。 The invention according to claim 2 sprays a precipitation hardening material that hardens by thermal aging on the surface of a pressure-resistant member made of a heat-resistant metal material in a combustion plant facility, and measures the hardness of the material surface after the operation of the facility. Compared with the hardness and heat hardening data obtained in advance in the heat aging test measured before operation, the heat history of the material is obtained from the increase in the hardness, and the temperature of the heat and pressure resistant member is estimated. This is a thermal history estimation method.
請求項3記載の発明は、燃焼プラント設備において、耐熱金属材料からなる耐圧部材の一部に、熱時効により硬化する析出硬化型の材料を含む同一形状の部材を挿入し、設備の運転後に当該材料表面の硬さを測定し、予め運転前に測定した硬さ及び熱時効試験で求めておいた硬化特性のデータと比較し、前記硬さの増加量から当該材料の熱履歴を求め、前記耐熱耐圧部材の温度を推定する熱履歴推定方法である。 The invention according to claim 3 is a combustion plant facility in which a member having the same shape including a precipitation hardening material that is hardened by thermal aging is inserted into a part of a pressure-resistant member made of a heat-resistant metal material, and the operation is performed after the facility is operated. Measure the hardness of the surface of the material, compared with the hardness measured in advance before operation and the data of the curing characteristics obtained in the thermal aging test, obtain the thermal history of the material from the increase in the hardness, This is a thermal history estimation method for estimating the temperature of the heat and pressure resistant member.
請求項4記載の発明は、前記析出硬化型の材料として、ニッケル(Ni)基合金を用いることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の熱履歴推定方法である。 The invention according to claim 4 is the thermal history estimation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a nickel (Ni) based alloy is used as the precipitation hardening type material.
請求項5記載の発明は、前記析出硬化型の材料として、チタン(Ti)及びアルミニウム(Al)を含有し、γ’が析出するニッケル(Ni)基合金を用いる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の熱履歴推定方法である。 Invention of Claim 5 uses the nickel (Ni) base alloy which contains titanium (Ti) and aluminum (Al), and (gamma) 'precipitates as said precipitation hardening type material. It is the thermal history estimation method as described in.
請求項6記載の発明は、前記耐熱耐圧部材は、少なくとも炭素鋼、クロム(Cr)−モリブデン(Mo)合金鋼或いはオーステナイト鋼のいずれか一種を含む部材である請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の熱履歴推定方法である。 According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the heat and pressure resistant member is a member including at least one of carbon steel, chromium (Cr) -molybdenum (Mo) alloy steel, or austenitic steel. It is a thermal history estimation method described.
(作 用)
請求項1から3記載の発明によれば、部材表面へ析出硬化型の材料を肉盛溶接或いは溶射又は挿入することは、部材の鋼種にとらわれることなく施工可能で、各々の部材の初期硬さを知る必要がない。そして耐熱耐圧部材上に肉盛溶接した材料や溶射層又は挿入した部材が熱時効により硬化するため、燃焼プラント設備の運転前後の硬さの変化を測定することにより当該材料の熱履歴を求め、耐熱耐圧部材の温度を推定できる。また熱電対による計測のように、常時計測機器を使用する必要がないので、測定対象を多数点、広範囲に設定することが可能である。
(Work)
According to the first to third aspects of the invention, it is possible to build-up welding, spraying, or inserting a precipitation hardening type material onto the surface of the member without being restricted by the steel type of the member, and the initial hardness of each member. There is no need to know. And because the material welded on the heat and pressure resistant member, the sprayed layer or the inserted member is cured by thermal aging, the heat history of the material is obtained by measuring the change in hardness before and after the operation of the combustion plant equipment, The temperature of the heat and pressure resistant member can be estimated. In addition, unlike the measurement using a thermocouple, it is not necessary to use a measurement device at all times, so it is possible to set a large number of measurement objects in a wide range.
請求項4記載の発明によれば、請求項1から3記載の発明の作用に加えて、析出硬化型の材料がNi基であるため耐食性に優れ、ほとんどの使用環境において、設備の運用中の腐食或いは高温酸化等による影響をほとんど無視できるので、信頼性も高い。 According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the effects of the invention described in claims 1 to 3, since the precipitation hardening type material is Ni-based, the corrosion resistance is excellent, and in most use environments, the equipment is in operation. Since the influence of corrosion or high-temperature oxidation can be almost ignored, the reliability is high.
請求項5記載の発明によれば、請求項1から4記載の発明の作用に加えて、γ’析出型のNi基合金は熱時効による硬さの変化(硬化)量が従来のボイラ鋼管材料に比べて2倍程度と格段に大きく、熱履歴を十分精度よく推定可能である。 According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effects of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, the γ 'precipitation type Ni-base alloy has a hardness change (hardening) amount due to thermal aging in the conventional boiler steel pipe material. The thermal history can be estimated with sufficient accuracy.
請求項6記載の発明によれば、請求項1から5記載の発明の作用に加えて、燃焼プラント設備において耐熱耐圧部材として多用されている炭素鋼、Cr−Mo合金鋼或いはオーステナイト鋼などの硬さ変化の絶対値が小さく測定精度あるいは熱履歴、物性値の推定精度の面で信頼性が低い鋼種でも、析出硬化型の材料が熱時効により硬化することにより当該材料の熱履歴を求め、これら鋼種の温度を推定できる。 According to the sixth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effects of the first to fifth aspects of the invention, hard steel such as carbon steel, Cr-Mo alloy steel, or austenitic steel, which is frequently used as a heat and pressure resistant member in combustion plant equipment. Even for steel grades that have small absolute values of thickness change and low reliability in terms of measurement accuracy or thermal history, and physical property value estimation accuracy, the precipitation history type material is cured by thermal aging to obtain the thermal history of the material. The temperature of the steel grade can be estimated.
本発明によれば、上記問題点を解消し、従来技術による方法より精度よく確実に耐熱耐圧部材の熱履歴を推定することができる。また、本発明は多数の対象部位に対して容易に実施でき、各々の部材の初期硬さを知る必要がない。更に長期間に亘って信頼性の高い測定を行うことができ、燃料プラント設備の安定した運転に寄与できるので、工業的な効果も大きい。 According to the present invention, the above problems can be solved, and the heat history of the heat and pressure resistant member can be estimated more accurately and reliably than the method according to the prior art. Further, the present invention can be easily implemented for a large number of target parts, and it is not necessary to know the initial hardness of each member. Furthermore, since highly reliable measurement can be performed over a long period of time and it can contribute to the stable operation of the fuel plant equipment, the industrial effect is also great.
そして更に請求項1記載の発明によれば、実機設備の長時間運転中に計測器等を必要としないので、多くの箇所を測定対象として設定することができ、実機運転中に肉盛箇所が腐食する恐れもほとんどないので、長時間運転に対する信頼性も高い。 Further, according to the invention described in claim 1, since a measuring instrument or the like is not required during the long-time operation of the actual equipment, many places can be set as the measurement object, and the built-up place is found during the actual operation. Since there is almost no risk of corrosion, it is highly reliable for long hours of operation.
また請求項2記載の発明によれば、対象とする耐熱耐圧部材の肉厚或いは板厚が薄く、肉盛溶接を行った場合で熱変形が問題となる場合にも、特に好適である。 In addition, according to the invention described in claim 2, the thickness or plate thickness of the target heat and pressure resistant member is thin, and it is particularly suitable when thermal deformation becomes a problem when overlay welding is performed.
また請求項3記載の発明によれば、特に構造上、評価対象部位が特定されていて継続的に長期間(例えば10年以上)硬さを測定するような場合にも、長期間に亘る硬さ測定の信頼性が高い。 Further, according to the invention described in claim 3, especially when the evaluation target site is specified structurally and the hardness is continuously measured for a long period (for example, 10 years or more), the hardness for a long period of time is determined. High measurement reliability.
そして請求項4記載の発明によれば、請求項1から3記載の発明の効果に加えて、Ni基合金には、一般のボイラ材料に比べて高温強度が格段に高いものが多くあるので、設備運用上安全の障害となることはない。また長期間に渡る硬さ測定の信頼性が高い。 According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the effects of the invention described in claims 1 to 3, there are many Ni-based alloys that have significantly higher high-temperature strength than general boiler materials. There is no obstacle to safety in equipment operation. In addition, the reliability of hardness measurement over a long period is high.
更に請求項5記載の発明によれば、請求項1から4記載の発明の効果に加えて、Ti及びAlを含有するγ’析出型のNi基合金の場合、熱時効による析出硬化幅が大きいため、熱履歴を十分精度よく推定可能である。 Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the effects of the invention described in claims 1 to 4, in the case of a γ ′ precipitation type Ni-based alloy containing Ti and Al, the precipitation hardening width due to thermal aging is large. Therefore, the heat history can be estimated with sufficient accuracy.
更に請求項6記載の発明によれば、請求項1から5記載の発明の効果に加えて、燃焼プラント設備において耐熱耐圧部材として多用されている鋼種毎に実験室的に時効硬化特性のデータを揃えておく必要がなく、炭素鋼からオーステナイト鋼まで広い範囲の鋼種に対して同一の硬化特性データを適用でき、簡便な方法により熱履歴を推定することができる。そしてこれら硬さ変化の絶対値が小さい鋼種でも測定精度あるいは熱履歴、物性値の推定精度の面で信頼性が高い。 Furthermore, according to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the effects of the invention described in claims 1 to 5, age hardening characteristic data is experimentally obtained for each steel type frequently used as a heat and pressure resistant member in a combustion plant facility. The same hardening characteristic data can be applied to a wide range of steel types from carbon steel to austenitic steel, and thermal history can be estimated by a simple method. Even steel types having a small absolute value of change in hardness are highly reliable in terms of measurement accuracy, thermal history, and physical property value estimation accuracy.
以下、本発明の実施例を図面と共に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
以下に本発明の一実施例であるNi基合金をボイラ水壁管に肉盛溶接して熱履歴を推定する方法について詳細を説明する。表1には、本発明の肉盛溶接材料の化学組成の一例を示す。
図1は、本発明の一実施例による肉盛溶接の状況を示す説明図である。ボイラ内は、水壁管1とメンブレンバー2からなり、図1ではボイラ水壁管1の火炉内側表面への肉盛状況を示している。図1に示すように肉盛溶接範囲3は、繰返しによる硬さ測定が可能な程度の面積があれば十分で、例えば5cm四方の範囲でよい。
また溶接法はアーク溶接、ティグ溶接、アルゴン溶接、ガス溶接など種々のアーク溶接法を用いることができ、これらの方法に限定されるものではない。そして肉盛溶接後、設備の運転前に初期値としての硬さ(Hi)を測定する。硬さ測定方法としてはポータブルのビッカース硬さ計のほか電子ショア硬さ計等、一般に市販されている現場測定用のものを用いればよく、特に限定されない。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the status of overlay welding according to an embodiment of the present invention. The boiler consists of a water wall pipe 1 and a membrane bar 2, and FIG. 1 shows the build-up state of the boiler water wall pipe 1 on the furnace inner surface. As shown in FIG. 1, the build-up welding range 3 is sufficient if it has an area that allows repeated hardness measurement, and may be, for example, a 5 cm square range.
Various welding methods such as arc welding, TIG welding, argon welding, and gas welding can be used as the welding method, and the welding method is not limited to these methods. Then, after overlay welding, the hardness (Hi) as an initial value is measured before the operation of the equipment. The hardness measuring method is not particularly limited as long as a commercially available on-site measuring device such as an electronic shore hardness meter as well as a portable Vickers hardness meter can be used.
一方、予め同じ溶接材料を用いて試験片に肉盛溶接を行い、実機設備で想定される温度を含む範囲の数種類の温度で実験室的に熱時効試験を行っておく。図2は熱時効による硬化特性を示す説明図である。図2に示すように、熱時効の温度毎に時間と硬さの変化を求めておく。そして設備の運転後、例えば2年後の定検時に再度硬さを測定し、この時の硬さをHxとすると、図2の当該運転時間の位置においてHxと予め求めた硬化曲線とを比較することにより、運転中のメタル温度を求めることができる。もし初期値Hiが実験室的な熱時効試験の初期値Hoと異なる場合は、Hx’=Hx×(Ho/Hi)として補正を行い、Hx’を図2に当てはめればよい。 On the other hand, build-up welding is performed on a test piece using the same welding material in advance, and a thermal aging test is performed in a laboratory at several kinds of temperatures in a range including a temperature assumed in actual equipment. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing curing characteristics by thermal aging. As shown in FIG. 2, changes in time and hardness are obtained for each temperature of thermal aging. Then, after the operation of the equipment, for example, when the hardness is measured again at the regular inspection after 2 years, and the hardness at this time is Hx, Hx is compared with the previously determined curing curve at the position of the operation time in FIG. By doing so, the metal temperature during operation can be obtained. If the initial value Hi is different from the initial value Ho of the laboratory thermal aging test, correction is performed as Hx ′ = Hx × (Ho / Hi), and Hx ′ may be applied to FIG.
実験室的な熱時効試験を多数行って図2の曲線を得るのが望ましいが、数温度条件の実験データを温度−時間パラメータ、例えばLarson−MillerパラメータLMPとして知られる次式で整理し、この式から任意の温度における硬化曲線を計算して多くの温度曲線を描いてもよい。
LMP=T×{Log(t)+C} (ここでTは絶対温度、tは時間(h)を示す。) ・・・・・(1)
なお、Ti及びAlを含有するγ’析出型のNi基合金の場合、熱時効による析出硬化幅が大きいが、著しく高温になると固溶して硬化幅が小さくなる場合があるので、対象とする使用温度で十分硬化する材料を選定することが必要である。一般には750℃程度までの温度範囲であれば問題なく硬化する。
It is desirable to perform a number of laboratory thermal aging tests to obtain the curve of FIG. 2, but the experimental data for several temperature conditions is organized by the following equation known as the temperature-time parameter, eg, the Larson-Miller parameter LMP, Many temperature curves may be drawn by calculating a curing curve at an arbitrary temperature from the equation.
LMP = T × {Log (t) + C} (where T is the absolute temperature and t is the time (h)) (1)
In the case of a γ ′ precipitation type Ni-based alloy containing Ti and Al, the precipitation hardening width due to thermal aging is large, but it may become a solid solution at a very high temperature and the hardening width may become small. It is necessary to select a material that cures sufficiently at the operating temperature. Generally, it cures without a problem within a temperature range up to about 750 ° C.
本発明によれば、ボイラ等で高温部材として用いられている炭素鋼、Cr−Mo合金鋼、オーステナイト鋼等の鋼種によらず、どのような金属材料でも同一の比較データ(図2の曲線)で評価することができ、しかもγ’析出型Ni基合金は、上記従来のボイラ部材よりも熱時効による硬さ変化も大きいので、従来の硬さを利用する方法に比べて容易かつ正確に温度を推定することができる。また、本実施例では、実機設備の長時間運転中に計測器等を必要としないので、多くの箇所を測定対象として設定することができ、実機運転中に肉盛箇所が腐食する恐れもほとんどないので、長時間運転に対する信頼性も高い。 According to the present invention, the same comparative data (curve in FIG. 2) is used for any metal material regardless of the type of steel such as carbon steel, Cr—Mo alloy steel, and austenitic steel used as a high-temperature member in a boiler or the like. In addition, since the γ 'precipitation type Ni-based alloy has a greater change in hardness due to thermal aging than the conventional boiler member described above, the temperature can be easily and accurately compared to a method using conventional hardness. Can be estimated. In addition, in this embodiment, since a measuring instrument or the like is not required during the long-time operation of the actual equipment, many places can be set as measurement targets, and there is almost no risk of corrosion of the built-up place during actual operation. Because it is not, it is highly reliable for long-time operation.
実施例1では、Ni基合金をボイラ水壁管に肉盛溶接して熱履歴を推定する方法を挙げたが、肉盛溶接によらず、Ni基合金の粉末を部材表面に溶射し、部材表面にNi基合金の層を形成する方法も適用できる。熱履歴を推定する方法は実施例1と同様であり、同じ効果が得られる。本実施例は対象とする部材の肉厚或いは板厚が薄くて、肉盛溶接を行った場合に熱変形が問題となる場合に、特に好適である。溶射層の厚さとしては、ビッカース硬さで測定する場合、荷重9.81Nで測定するとして圧痕の深さを考慮し、少なくとも100μm程度、好ましくは200μm程度あればよい。 In Example 1, a method of estimating the thermal history by overlay welding a Ni-based alloy to a boiler water wall pipe was described. A method of forming a Ni-based alloy layer on the surface is also applicable. The method for estimating the thermal history is the same as that in the first embodiment, and the same effect can be obtained. This embodiment is particularly suitable when the thickness or plate thickness of the target member is thin and thermal deformation becomes a problem when overlay welding is performed. The thickness of the sprayed layer may be at least about 100 μm, preferably about 200 μm in consideration of the depth of the indentation when measured with a load of 9.81 N when measured with Vickers hardness.
部材表面に肉盛溶接或いは溶射する材料は、耐食性に優れ、かつ熱時効によって十分硬化するものであればNi基合金に限らず、どのような材料でもよい。どのような材料でも実施例1及び実施例2と同様の効果が得られる。 The material to be welded or sprayed on the surface of the member is not limited to the Ni-based alloy and may be any material as long as it has excellent corrosion resistance and is sufficiently cured by thermal aging. Any material can obtain the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments.
実施例1〜3では、対象部材を多数設定できる方法として、既設の部材表面に溶射或いは肉盛溶接する方法を示したが、構造上、評価対象部位が特定されていて継続的に長期間(例えば10年以上)硬さを測定するような場合には、Ni基合金等で部材と同一形状に製作したもの(例えばボイラ鋼管であれば短管)を部材の間に溶接によって挿入してもよい。Ni基合金には、一般のボイラ材料に比べて高温強度が格段に高いものが多くあるので、設備の運用上安全の障害となることはない。本実施例での作用、効果は実施例1〜実施例3と同様であるが、長期間に亘る硬さ測定の信頼性が高い。 In Examples 1 to 3, as a method of setting a large number of target members, a method of thermal spraying or overlay welding on the surface of an existing member has been shown. (For example, 10 years or more) When measuring the hardness, even if a Ni-based alloy or the like manufactured in the same shape as the member (for example, a short tube for boiler steel pipes) is inserted between the members by welding Good. Since many Ni-based alloys have significantly higher high-temperature strength than ordinary boiler materials, they do not hinder safety in the operation of facilities. Although the operation and effects of this embodiment are the same as those of Embodiments 1 to 3, the reliability of hardness measurement over a long period of time is high.
石炭焚きボイラなどの燃焼プラント設備において、例えばボイラなどの水壁管内の蒸気条件は高温・高圧化の傾向にある。また水壁管等だけでなく、高温部伝熱管などに対しても温度推定の必要性は高まっている。更にボイラだけでなく、石炭ガス化設備やごみ焼却設備においても重要な問題であり、水壁管などの腐食だけでなくクリープ損傷評価にも有用なため、多方面での利用可能性が考えられる。 In a combustion plant facility such as a coal-fired boiler, for example, steam conditions in a water wall pipe such as a boiler tend to be high temperature and high pressure. Moreover, the necessity for temperature estimation is increasing not only for water wall pipes but also for high temperature heat transfer pipes. Furthermore, it is an important problem not only for boilers but also for coal gasification facilities and waste incineration facilities. It is useful not only for corrosion of water wall pipes but also for creep damage evaluation, so it can be used in many ways. .
1 水壁管
2 メンブレンバー
3 肉盛溶接範囲
1 Water wall pipe
2 Membrane bar 3 Overlay welding range
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JP2017211291A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2017-11-30 | 株式会社Ihi | Method and apparatus for detecting exposure of precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy members to abnormally high temperature |
CN113390533A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-14 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for detecting surface temperature of workpiece in heat treatment process |
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