JP2006197927A - Method for seedling raising/multiplying vetiver grass - Google Patents

Method for seedling raising/multiplying vetiver grass Download PDF

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JP2006197927A
JP2006197927A JP2005367448A JP2005367448A JP2006197927A JP 2006197927 A JP2006197927 A JP 2006197927A JP 2005367448 A JP2005367448 A JP 2005367448A JP 2005367448 A JP2005367448 A JP 2005367448A JP 2006197927 A JP2006197927 A JP 2006197927A
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vetiver
cutting
soil
growing
seedling
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JP4800028B2 (en
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Yasunori Matsukawa
保則 松川
Tadashi Ohori
忠至 大堀
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NICHIGI CROWN KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new method for raising seedlings/multiplying vetiver grass with which raising seedlings or multiplication (vegetation) is simple and effects on preventing of soil runoff can be expected and to provide a method of construction for forming a soil filter using the method for raising seedlings/multiplication. <P>SOLUTION: The method for raising seedlings/multiplication of the vetiter grass is provided. The vetiver grass is subjected to the raising seedlings and multiplication (vegetation) by cuttage. A stem prepared by cutting so as to leave a second node (from the side of a root) or a third node is preferably used for the cutting used for the cuttage. The seedlings of the vetiver grass can suitably be used as the soil filter by transplanting to the shoulder, etc., of a slope. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、ベチバー(Vetiver grass)の育苗/増殖(植生)方法、及び、該育苗/増殖方法を使用しての土壌フィルターの形成工法に関する。   The present invention relates to a seedling / growth (vegetation) method for vetiver grass, and a method for forming a soil filter using the seedling / growth method.

「ベチバー」は、イネ科の多年生草本で、根はそう生し、太いものでは直径4〜5mm、細いものは1〜2mmで、根は4〜5cmおきに結節がある。そして、日本ではほとんど見られないが、外国ではベチバーをグリーンベルトや垣根に使用されている。   The “vetiver” is a perennial herb of the family Gramineae, with the roots growing, the thick one having a diameter of 4-5 mm, the thin one having a diameter of 1-2 mm, and the root having a nodule every 4-5 cm. And although it is rarely seen in Japan, vetiver is used for green belts and fences in foreign countries.

そして、ベチバーの繁殖(増殖)は、非特許文献1のp310に下記の如く記載されている。   The propagation (proliferation) of vetiver is described as follows in p310 of Non-Patent Document 1.

「繁殖法 一般に株分け法がとられている。株分けは、例年1〜2月ころの根の収穫と同時に行われる。掘り上げた株の茎を4〜5cm残し、また、付着している細根も2〜3cm残して切り落とす。切り落とした後に3〜4芽を一株としてナタ(鉈)などで株を割り株分けをする。このようにできた小株を3〜4月まで仮植床に植え込み育成管理をする。」
しかし、上記繁殖方法は工数が嵩んで、広面積かつ多量に繁殖(増殖)させるには必ずしも適しているとはいえなかった。
“Breeding method Generally, the stocking method is adopted. The stocking is performed at the same time as the harvesting of the roots around January to February. The stems of the excavated strains remain 4 to 5 cm, and the attached fine roots are also present. After cutting off, split the stock with 3-4 buds as one stock and split the stock with Nata (鉈), etc. Plant and manage the small stock made in this way until 3 to April. do."
However, the above-mentioned breeding method requires a lot of man-hours and is not necessarily suitable for breeding (growing) a large area and a large amount.

他方、海外では、ベチバーを定植・植生させて、土壌侵食防止策(A Hedge against Erosion)として広く使用されている。非特許文献2の「A Hedge against Erosion」の欄には下記記載がある。   On the other hand, vetiver is planted and vegetated overseas and widely used as a measure against soil erosion (A Hedge against Erosion). In the column of “A Hedge against Erosion” of Non-Patent Document 2, there is the following description.

「<ベチバーシステム(VS)>
・直立で、剛く、高密度の根を深く張る群生草本からなる簡単な植生バリア(生垣)で形成される。この群生草本(ベチバー)は雨水の流れを抑制して、土砂(sediments)を所定地点に止め、ときには、土壌***(台地:terraces)を形成する。
“<Vetiver System (VS)>
・ Established with a simple vegetation barrier (hedge) made of herbaceous plants that stand upright, rigid, and densely rooted with high density. This herb (vetiver) suppresses the flow of rainwater and stops sediments at a predetermined point, sometimes forming soil uplift (terraces).

・ベチバー(Vetiver Grass)は、熱帯・亜熱帯の120を超える国で知られている。     • Vetiver Grass is known in over 120 countries in the tropics and subtropics.

・ベチバーは、“土壌結合(soil binding)”技術として、多くのアジア、アフリカ、カリブ海沿岸諸国において、一世紀以上にわたり使用されている。     • Vetiver has been used as a “soil binding” technique in more than a century in many Asian, African and Caribbean countries.

・現在、VSは、土壌とその水分の保全、生物工学(bioengineering)及び生物的環境浄化(bioremediation)に使用されている。     • VS is currently used for soil and water conservation, bioengineering and bioremediation.

<ベチバーは、雑草的でなく広がらない>
・生垣(Hedges)は無性的に繁殖し樹立(established)している。DNA試験では、推奨種は非多産系(横方向に広がらない)である。定植(planted)した苗は、定植部位に留まる;例えば、インド、グンダルペット(Gundalpet)における定植後数10年たった生垣。
<Betiver is not weedy and does not spread>
・ Hedges are asexually breeding and established. For DNA testing, the recommended species is non-productive (does not spread laterally). Planted seedlings remain at the site of planting; for example, hedges that are several decades after planting in Gundalpet, India.

・幅狭に定植された接ぎ穂(slip)は密な生垣に成長して、下方へ長く伸びた強靭な根構造を形成する。当該根構造は洪水(inundation)に耐え、流出水の流速を制御(減速)して、土壌流出を阻止し、優れた濾過作用を奏する。     ・ Spots planted narrowly grow into dense hedges and form a strong root structure that extends downwards. The root structure withstands inundation, controls (decelerates) the flow rate of runoff water, prevents soil runoff, and exhibits excellent filtration.

<注>ここで、接ぎ穂(slip)は、挿し木のことと思われるが、本発明の如く、特定の節を積極的に土中へ又は水中へ挿して発芽させることは、何ら記載されていない。   <Note> Here, a slip is considered to be a cutting, but it is not described at all that a specific node is actively inserted into the soil or water as in the present invention to germinate. Absent.

<深い、強靭な根>
・ベチバーの深く伸び、しっかりした、繊維状の根構造は、一年で地下2〜3mにも達する。
<Deep and strong roots>
・ The deep roots of the vetiver and a solid, fibrous root structure reach 2 to 3 meters underground in one year.

・このがっしりした根構造は、土壌を結合する生きた杭(living nail)のようである。     This solid root structure is like a living nail that joins the soil.

・土中におけるベチバーの最大(引張り)強さ(maximum resistance)は、軟鋼(75MPa)の1/6に相当する;ほとんどの木の根より強い。     -The maximum (tensile) resistance of vetiver in the soil is equivalent to 1/6 of mild steel (75 MPa); stronger than most tree roots.

・根の繊維状マットは地表構造を強化するとともに土壌から及び土壌水からの多くの汚染物質を除去する。」
なお、日本では、法面等の土壌保全は、通常、植生マット上に緑化土壌(植生植物の種を混合した土)を吹付たり、芝生を定植したりして行っていた(特許文献1等参照)。
財団法人日本公定書協会編「新しい薬用植物栽培法 採収法・調製法、」廣川書店、昭和45年4月25日、p310 ベチバーネットワーク(The Vetiver Network)編「ベチバーシステム(The Vetiver System) 土壌侵食防止策(A Hedge Against Erosion)」[平成16年7月検索] インターネット<URL:www.vetiver.org> 特開2000−27188号公報
• The root fibrous mat enhances the surface structure and removes many contaminants from the soil and soil water. "
In Japan, soil conservation such as slopes is usually performed by spraying greening soil (soil mixed with seeds of vegetation plants) on a vegetation mat or by planting lawns (Patent Document 1, etc.). reference).
“New Medicinal Plant Cultivation Collection and Preparation Method,” edited by the Japan Standards Association, Yodogawa Shoten, April 25, 1970, p310 The Vetiver Network “The Vetiver System: A Hedge Against Erosion” [searched in July 2004] Internet <URL: www.vetiver.org> JP 2000-27188 A

本発明は、上記にかんがみて、育苗ないし増殖(植生)が簡便であり、土壌流出防止に対する効果が期待できるベチバーの新規な育苗/増殖方法及び該育苗/増殖方法を用いた土壌フィルター形成工法を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above, the present invention provides a novel seedling / growing method for vetiver that is easy to grow seedlings or grow (vegetation) and can be expected to prevent soil runoff, and a soil filter formation method using the seedling / growing method. The purpose is to provide.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために、鋭意開発にする過程で、土中挿し木(cuttage)方式さらには水中挿し木方式でも十分に育苗ないし増殖(繁殖)させることができ、その後の成長状態(分げつ状態)も良好であることを見出して、下記構成のベチバー(vetiver)の育苗/増殖方法に想到した。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors are able to sufficiently grow seedlings or propagate (reproduce) in the process of intensive development by using a cuttage method or an underwater cutting method. It was found that the state (tilling state) was also good, and the present inventors devised a vetiver seedling / propagation method having the following constitution.

ベチバーを土中挿し木により、育苗ないし増殖(植生)させる方法であって、
ベチバーの成長株からの分け株を、上側シュート及び根側を切除して、1個以上の節(node)を有するように裁断して調製した茎を、挿穂として、前記節が土中に位置するように挿し木を行うことを特徴とする。
It is a method of raising vetiver by seedling cutting in the soil, or breeding (vegetation),
A stem prepared from a vetiver growing strain by cutting the upper shoot and the root side and cutting to have one or more nodes is used as an incision. The cutting is performed so as to be positioned.

節を土中に位置するように挿し木を行うことにより、節から多くの根が出てくる。   Many roots emerge from the knot by cutting the knot so that it is located in the soil.

そして、1)挿穂における節の数は2〜3個が、また、2)残す節としては通常根側からの第一節が、さらには、3)挿穂における節から伸長している葉は除去した方が、それぞれ、発芽(根付き)しやすいことを、本発明者らは確認している。すなわち、成長株が若いとき(1年以下)は、根側からの第一節が成長期にあるものが多い。しかし、成長株が1年を超えると、根側からの第二節以降が成長期にあることがあるため、そういう場合は、第一節を含む必然性はない。   And 1) the number of nodes in cutting is 2 to 3, 2) the first node from the root side as the remaining node, and 3) leaves extending from the node in cutting The inventors of the present invention have confirmed that the removal of each is easier to germinate (root). In other words, when the growth stock is young (less than one year), the first section from the root side is often in the growth period. However, if the growth stock exceeds one year, the second and subsequent sections from the root side may be in the growth period. In such cases, the first section is not necessarily included.

そして、本発明のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法は、法肩及び/又はバームに挿し木又は定植(移植)し植生させて土壌フィルターを形成するのに適している。   The vetiver seedling / growth method of the present invention is suitable for forming a soil filter by cutting or planting (transplanting) a vegetation on a shoulder and / or balm.

従来の如く株分けせずに、挿し木によりそのまま、移植することなく増殖(植生)させることができ、従来の株分け法に比して、格段に土壌フィルターの形成工法の工数を削減できる。また、育苗後、植え付ける場合も、従来の株分け育苗より、定植しやすい苗を得ることができ、育苗が簡便であることも相まって、やはり、土壌フィルターの形成工法の工数を削減できる。さらに、ベチバーは、土壌フィルターに使用した場合、表層土強化効果及びフィルター効果が優れている。また、ベチバーは、地表層の強度増大効果が大きく、法面傾斜度を従来に比して急勾配にすることが可能となり、法面施工の際における、土壌切削・盛り土等の土砂移動量を少なくでき、法面施工工数の削減につながる。   It can be propagated (vegetated) without being transplanted as it is, without being divided as in the past, and the number of man-hours for the formation method of the soil filter can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional method of dividing. In addition, when planting after raising seedlings, it is possible to obtain seedlings that are easier to plant than conventional stock raising seedlings, and in combination with the convenience of raising seedlings, it is possible to reduce the number of man-hours for the soil filter formation method. Furthermore, when used as a soil filter, vetiver is superior in surface soil strengthening effect and filter effect. In addition, the vetiver has a great effect of increasing the strength of the surface layer, and the slope of the slope can be made steeper than before, and the amount of soil movement such as soil cutting and embankment during slope construction can be reduced. It can be reduced, leading to a reduction in slope construction man-hours.

土壌フィルターの形成工法を、法面の他の緑化工法(養生工法:土壌フィルター手段の一つ)と併用して、法面緑化工法とすることが望ましい。他の緑化工法と併用することにより、ベチバーによる土壌フィルターが形成されるまで、他の緑化工法が土壌流出の防止作用を補填し、該他の緑化手段として耐用期間の短いもの(例えば1年前後)を使用可能となる。   It is desirable that the soil filter formation method is used in combination with other planting methods (curing method: one of soil filter methods) to make a slope planting method. By using together with other greening methods, other greening methods supplement the soil runoff prevention action until a soil filter with vetiver is formed, and other greening means with a short service life (for example, around one year) ) Can be used.

また、本発明の土壌フィルターの形成工法は、圃場等の法面に接しているグリーンベルトに使用することもできる。この場合は、土壌流出ばかりでなく、養分流出さらには汚染物質の系外流出の阻止も期待できる。   The soil filter forming method of the present invention can also be used for a green belt in contact with a slope of a field or the like. In this case, not only soil spillage but also nutrient spillage and prevention of pollutant spillage can be expected.

本発明に係るもう一つの増殖方法は、下記水中挿し木方式を利用してベチバーを育種/増殖させる方法に係る。   Another propagation method according to the present invention relates to a method for breeding / propagating vetiver using the following underwater cutting method.

ベチバー(vetiver)を水中挿し木により育苗ないし増殖(植生)させる方法であって、
ベチバーの成長株からの分け株から、茎を部分的に残すとともに、適宜、根を部分的に残してカットして調製した茎根連接体を、挿穂として、茎を水面上に出した状態で水中に挿して行うことを特徴とする。
It is a method of raising vetiver (vetiver) by underwater cuttings and growing (vegetation),
A state where the stems are put out on the surface of the water as the cuttings of the stem root conjunctions prepared by cutting the stems from the vetiver growing strains while leaving the stems partially and appropriately leaving the roots partially. It is characterized by being inserted in water.

上記構成において、茎の残り長さが10〜30cm、さらには10〜20cmであり、根の残存長さが1〜15cmであり、さらには3〜10cmである構成が望ましい。   In the above configuration, the remaining stem length is 10 to 30 cm, more preferably 10 to 20 cm, and the remaining root length is 1 to 15 cm, and further preferably 3 to 10 cm.

茎及び/又は根の残存長さが短すぎると、いずれも発芽率が下がり、また、長すぎると、発芽効率は余り変わらず、かつ、1株当たりの空間占有率が高くなり、育苗/増殖の生産性が低下する。   If the remaining length of the stem and / or root is too short, the germination rate will decrease, and if it is too long, the germination efficiency will not change much, and the space occupancy per strain will increase, raising seedling / proliferation Productivity is reduced.

水耕栽培法によれば、限られたスペースで多量の育苗が可能となるとともに、培養液の植物栄養素濃度及び温度の管理が容易で、結果的に育苗・増殖管理が容易となる。   According to the hydroponic cultivation method, a large amount of seedling can be grown in a limited space, and the plant nutrient concentration and temperature of the culture solution can be easily managed, and as a result, the seedling and propagation management can be facilitated.

以下、本発明の各構成について、詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, each configuration of the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明で使用するベチバーの性状をまとめると、下記の如くになる(前記非特許文献1・2等参照)。   The properties of the vetiver used in the present invention are summarized as follows (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, etc.).

・多年生草本、根は粘土質では一般に太いが少なく、砂質土では細かいが数が非常に多い。     -Perennial herbs, roots are generally less thick in clay, and fine in sandy soil but very large in number.

・種子等で繁殖しないため雑草化して増えない。     ・ Because it does not breed with seeds, it does not increase due to weeding.

・ほふく枝(地をはう根、茎、枝)、地下径がない。     ・ There are no branches (roots, stems, branches) and underground diameters.

・樹幹が地下にあるため、焼畑と過放牧、家畜、農機による踏み付けには強い。     ・ Because the trunk is underground, it is strong against trampling by slash and burn, livestock, and farm machinery.

そして、これらの性状を生かして、下記の如く、土壌流出防止効果及び溜め池等の水質浄化効果に優れた土壌フィルターの形成可能となる。   Then, by taking advantage of these properties, it becomes possible to form a soil filter that is excellent in the effect of preventing soil outflow and the effect of purifying water such as a reservoir as described below.

・密集した根茎による地盤の剪断強度の増加による法面の安定効果。     ・ Slope effect by increasing the shear strength of the ground due to dense rhizomes.

・密集した根茎が土壌フィルターとして働き、圃場の表層土が圃場から流出防止、及び、地区外における河川、海の汚染防止。     ・ Dense rhizomes function as soil filters, preventing the surface soil of the field from flowing out of the field and preventing river and sea contamination outside the area.

・法面を形成する土壌保水力が増大することによる盛土、切土面の風化防止。     -Prevention of weathering of embankments and cut surfaces due to increased soil water retention capacity that forms slopes.

・盛土・切土背面から法面に流出する浸透水による法面崩壊防止。     ・ Slope failure prevention by seepage water flowing out from the back of the embankment / cut.

・溜池法面下流端における剪断強度の増加による法面安定効果と基礎地盤からの浸透によるパイピング破壊防止効果及び地震時の液状化防止。     ・ Slope stability effect by increasing shear strength at the downstream end of Tameike slope, piping damage prevention effect by infiltration from foundation ground and liquefaction prevention during earthquake.

・排水路の土粒子流出による水路底の侵食防止。     ・ Prevents erosion of the channel bottom due to soil particle runoff from the drainage channel.

・窒素・リン・重金属の吸収率が高いため湖沼、溜池、排水路等における富栄養化を抑制して、アオコ発生等の水質汚染防止。     ・ Since the absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals is high, eutrophication in lakes, ponds, drains, etc. is suppressed to prevent water pollution such as the occurrence of blue sea bream.

本発明の最大の特徴は、従来の株分けで繁殖させる方法以外の方法がなかったベチバーの育苗/増殖方法として、ベチバーを挿し木方式により育苗ないし増殖(植生)させることにある。   The most important feature of the present invention is that vetiver is nurtured or proliferated (vegetated) by cutting the vetiver as a vetiver seedling / growing method other than the conventional method of breeding by stocking.

以下、本発明について、土中挿し木方式(A)と水中挿し木方式(B)とに分けて説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by dividing it into a soil cutting method (A) and an underwater cutting method (B).

<A.土壌挿し木方式>
従来の株分けと異なり、先ず、ベチバーの成長株(生育1年以上)からの分け株(通常、一株:一本)12を、上側シュート(茎と葉)(top shoot)14及び根側を切除するとともに、1個以上(図例では2〜3個)の節(node)16を有するように、裁断した茎を挿穂18とする(図1・2)。なお、“c”は裁断位置を示す。ここで節とは、後述の茎の根の生え際に発生する節(以下「根元節」という。)16Aを除く。
<A. Soil cutting method>
Unlike conventional stock splits, first, a stock (usually one stock) 12 from a growing vetiver strain (1 year or more), an upper shoot (stem and leaf) (top shoot) 14 and the root side At the same time as excision, the cut stalk so as to have one or more (2 to 3 in the illustrated example) node 16 is used as an insertion 18 (FIGS. 1 and 2). “C” indicates a cutting position. Here, the node excludes a node (hereinafter referred to as “root node”) 16A generated at the root of the stem root, which will be described later.

ここで、節の数は1個以上であればよいが、2〜3個とすることが、発芽性(根付き)が良好で望ましい。また、節はできるだけ根側に近い節(第一節16a、第二節16b)が発芽しやすくて望ましく、さらに、挿穂18の節16についている葉(二点鎖線)20は除去しておくことが望ましい。   Here, although the number of nodes should just be 1 or more, it is desirable to set it as 2-3, since germination (rooting) is favorable. Further, it is desirable that the nodes (first node 16a, second node 16b) as close to the root side as possible are easy to germinate, and the leaves (two-dot chain lines) 20 attached to the node 16 of the cutting head 18 are removed. It is desirable.

そして、こうして調製した挿穂18を用いての挿し木は図3に示す方法で行う。   Then, cutting using the cutting head 18 thus prepared is performed by the method shown in FIG.

1)挿穂18を、節16が全て土中(地表下)になるように挿し込む。このときの挿し込み深さは、節16の上に土が被さっておればよい。したがって、後から図3の(b)の如く、盛り土22をする場合は、節が地表下になるように挿し込む必然性はない。   1) Insert the insertion 18 so that all the nodes 16 are in the ground (under the ground). The insertion depth at this time may be as long as the soil covers the node 16. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3 (b) later, when embedding 22 is performed, there is no necessity to insert the node so that the node is below the ground surface.

2)そして、挿穂18を挿し込んだ後、適宜、盛り土を行う。   2) Then, after inserting the cutting 18, filling is performed as appropriate.

3)挿穂18の本数は、育苗の場合は、1本ずつ所定間隔を開けて行う。しかし、挿し木後、移植しない場合、すなわち、直挿し木の場合は、(生え付き)が良好でないことが想定される。この場合は、2〜4本セット、望ましくは図例の如く3本セットとする。(図3(c))土壌の質や気候によって根付きしない挿穂がある場合に備えるためである。   3) In the case of raising seedlings, the number of cuttings 18 is set one by one at a predetermined interval. However, if the plant is not transplanted after cutting, that is, in the case of direct cutting, it is assumed that (growing) is not good. In this case, 2 to 4 sets, preferably 3 sets as shown in the figure. (FIG. 3 (c)) This is to prepare for the case where there is a cutting that does not take root depending on the soil quality or climate.

該挿し木に使用する土壌は、特に限定されない。育苗する場合は、砂質壌土、赤土壌土が適している。   The soil used for the cutting is not particularly limited. When raising seedlings, sandy loam soil and red soil soil are suitable.

そして、育苗した場合は、約30日で定植(移植)可能な苗となる。このときの育苗条件は、植付け時に十分に潅水をしておけば、根がつくまで、1週間に3回程度でよい。また、植付け土壌が乾燥地でなければ、潅水の必要はない。   When the seedlings are grown, they become seedlings that can be planted (transplanted) in about 30 days. The seedling conditions at this time may be about three times a week until the roots are established if sufficient irrigation is performed at the time of planting. In addition, irrigation is not necessary if the planted soil is not dry.

日平均気温が10℃以上であれば根付き可能であるが、日平均気温15℃以上が、生育が良好であり望ましい。   If the daily average temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, it can be rooted. However, a daily average temperature of 15 ° C. or higher is desirable because growth is good.

<B.水耕挿木方式(図7・8)>
ベチバーの成長株10を株分けして一本ずつの分け株12とする(図7(a))。株分けは、前述の挿し木法と同様に、通常、1株ずつ行うが、株が細い場合は、2株以上であってもよい。
<B. Hydroponic cutting method (Figs. 7 and 8)>
The vetiver growth strain 10 is divided into one split stock 12 (FIG. 7 (a)). Stock splitting is usually performed one by one, as in the cutting method described above, but if the stock is thin, two or more stocks may be used.

そして、分け株12Aから、茎15を部分的に残して、適宜、根17も部分的に残してカットcして調製した茎根連接体を挿穂18Aとする(図7(b))。この際、前記茎の残存長さは、10〜30cm、望ましくは15〜20cmとし、根17の残存長さは、通常、1〜15cm、望ましくは3〜10cmとする。   Then, the stem root concatenated body prepared by cutting c from the stock 12A while leaving the stem 15 partially and appropriately leaving the root 17 partially also is defined as an insertion 18A (FIG. 7B). At this time, the remaining length of the stem is 10 to 30 cm, desirably 15 to 20 cm, and the remaining length of the root 17 is usually 1 to 15 cm, desirably 3 to 10 cm.

このように調製した茎根連接体である挿穂18Aを、茎15を水面上に出した状態で浮かしないし保持して水中へ挿して保持し、育苗さらには増殖させる(図7(c))。茎の水面突出量は、0cm以上、望ましくは1cm以上とする。水面突出量が少ないと、炭酸同化作用による栄養補給が根の方へ行き難く、発芽が困難になると推定される。望ましくは、茎根連接部18aが水面直下に位置するように保持する。水分補給が十分に行われるようにするためである。   The cutting head 18A, which is a stem root concatenation prepared in this way, is not floated or held in a state where the stem 15 is exposed on the surface of the water, and is inserted into the water to be held, and the seedling is further grown (FIG. 7 (c)). . The amount of water surface protrusion of the stem is 0 cm or more, preferably 1 cm or more. If the amount of water surface protrusion is small, it is estimated that nutritional supplementation by carbon dioxide assimilation is difficult to go to the root and germination becomes difficult. Desirably, the stem root connecting portion 18a is held so as to be located immediately below the water surface. This is to ensure sufficient hydration.

ここで、挿穂18Aはそのまま水中に挿しても倒れてしまうため、通常、図8(a)に示すような、パイプ状の浮き部材30と板状の挿穂保持部材32とからなる挿穂保持筏34で保持して行う。保持の態様は、特に限定されないが、挿穂保持部32に形成された保持穴32aに軟質発泡ポリウレタン等の保持スポンジ36を嵌合し、保持スポンジ36に挿し込んで保持することが望ましい。こうすれば、挿穂18Aの茎が短くても茎の水面突出量及び/又は根の水没長さを最適なものに調節できる。   Here, since the insertion 18A will fall down even if it is inserted in water as it is, the insertion consisting of a pipe-like floating member 30 and a plate-like insertion holding member 32 as shown in FIG. Hold by holding rod 34. The manner of holding is not particularly limited, but it is desirable that a holding sponge 36 such as soft foamed polyurethane is fitted into a holding hole 32a formed in the insertion head holding portion 32 and inserted into the holding sponge 36 for holding. In this way, even if the stem of the cutting head 18A is short, the water surface protrusion amount and / or the root submergence length of the stem can be adjusted to the optimum one.

そして、その際、培養液は、固形化学肥料を溶解させて行ったり、液肥を添加したりするが。また、培養液の温度を、シーズヒータ等を培養液中に配して制御することも可能である。   At that time, the culture solution is prepared by dissolving solid chemical fertilizer or adding liquid fertilizer. It is also possible to control the temperature of the culture solution by arranging a sheathed heater or the like in the culture solution.

なお、化学肥料の濃度は、肥料を溶解させたときEC(Electric Conductivity)値で、0.5〜5.0mS/cm、さらには1.0〜2.0mS/cmが望ましい。   The chemical fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.5 to 5.0 mS / cm, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 mS / cm in terms of EC (Electric Conductivity) value when the fertilizer is dissolved.

そして、上記のようにして水中挿し木して、水温を15〜20℃以上、望ましくは、25〜30℃以上に保持する。すると、2〜3週間で挿穂18Aの茎根連接節部18aから発芽38する(図7(c)参照)。なお、水温が低い場合は、前記シーズヒータをオンして又は室内水耕の場合は室内を暖房することにより対処する。   And it cuts underwater as mentioned above, and keeps water temperature at 15-20 degreeC or more, desirably 25-30 degreeC or more. Then, it germinates 38 from the shoot root joint node 18a of the cutting head 18A in 2 to 3 weeks (see FIG. 7C). When the water temperature is low, the sheathed heater is turned on, or in the case of indoor hydroponics, the room is heated.

そして、上記の土中挿し木方式又は水中挿し木方式で育苗したベチバー苗は、法面等に定植(移植)し植生(vegetation)させて、土壌フィルター形成できる。当然、条件が良好で土中挿し木方式の場合は、上記の如く、直挿し木で植性させてもよい。   Then, the vetiver seedlings grown by the above-mentioned soil cutting method or underwater cutting method can be planted (planted) and vegetated on a slope or the like to form a soil filter. Of course, when the conditions are good and the cutting method is in the ground, it may be planted by direct cutting as described above.

なお、挿し木ないし苗移植(定植)時期は、その地域における年間平均気温から生育に適した時期を定め、植付けを行う。例えば、月間平均気温が10℃以上、望ましくは15℃以上とする(図4参照)。そして、寒冷地への移植は、南から段階的に移植させていくことにより、順化ないし馴化(acclimation)させれば、寒冷地でのベチバー繁殖も可能となることが期待できる。   The cuttings or seedling transplanting (fixed planting) time is determined from the annual average temperature in the area and suitable for growth. For example, the monthly average temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, preferably 15 ° C. or higher (see FIG. 4). Transplantation into a cold region can be expected to enable vetiver breeding in a cold region if it is acclimated by gradually transplanting from the south.

以下に、土壌形成フィルター形成工法について、具体的に説明する。   Below, the soil formation filter formation construction method is demonstrated concretely.

例えば、図5は、土砂流亡防止工とした例である。   For example, FIG. 5 shows an example of a sediment runoff prevention work.

すなわち、圃場、道路盛土、各種造成地から、土砂12が雨水と一緒に流出することを防ぐために法肩24にベチバー苗(Vetiver grass seedling)26(又は挿穂)を1列または2〜3列に定植して植生する。この株間は30〜60cm、2列以上とする場合の列間隔は、25〜35cmが望ましい。なお、2列以上とする場合は、千鳥状に定植(移植)することが、土砂流出防止のフィルター効果が増大して望ましい。   That is, one or two or three rows of Vetiver grass seedling 26 (or cuttings) on the shoulder 24 in order to prevent the earth and sand 12 from flowing out together with rainwater from fields, road embankments, and various land formations. Planted in vegetation. The spacing between the strains is preferably 30 to 60 cm, and the row spacing when two or more rows are 25 to 35 cm. In the case of two or more rows, it is desirable to plant in a zigzag pattern (transplant) because the filter effect of preventing sediment discharge increases.

ベチバー苗26を列状に植え込むことによりベチバー苗26の根26aが幅(横)方向に伸びず、地中略垂直下方へ伸びる。このため、ベチバーの根26aでしっかりと保持されたシュート26bにより生垣状に連続した砂防壁(土砂流出防止フィルター)が形成される。したがって、圃場、道路盛土、造成地の表面から流出する土砂混じり雨水を、密集した根茎がフィルターの役割を果たして、土砂と水に分離させ、地区外に流出させる効果がある。   By planting the vetiver seedlings 26 in a row, the roots 26a of the vetiver seedlings 26 do not extend in the width (lateral) direction, but extend substantially vertically downward in the ground. For this reason, a sand barrier (sediment outflow prevention filter) continuous in a hedge shape is formed by the chute 26b firmly held by the root 26a of the vetiver. Therefore, rainwater mixed with earth and sand that flows out from the field, road embankment, and the surface of the land is effectively filtered by the dense rhizomes and separated into earth and sand and out of the district.

また、図6に示すように、ベチバーの垂直下方へ伸びる根16aの特性を生かして切り土及び盛土法面の安定化を図るために、法肩24及びバーム28に定植し植生(繁殖)させる。このとき、場所(土質)によるが、通常、バーム28の幅W1:1〜2m、切り土の幅W2は、法面垂直高さHの0.5〜1.0倍とする。なお、法面垂直高さは2〜5mとする。   Further, as shown in FIG. 6, in order to stabilize the cut and embankment slopes by making use of the characteristics of the roots 16a extending vertically downward of the vetiver, they are planted and vegetated (bred) on the shoulder 24 and the balm 28. . At this time, although it depends on the location (soil quality), the width W1: 1 to 2 m of the balm 28 and the width W2 of the cut soil are usually 0.5 to 1.0 times the normal height H. The slope vertical height is 2 to 5 m.

このときの定植間隔は上記の場合と同様である。   The planting interval at this time is the same as in the above case.

ベチバーの根16aは、通常地中2〜3mまで、場合によっては5m近くまで達し、かつ、密集して分布するため、ベチバーの根が土砂の土粒子の結合力を高め、その結果土壌強度が増加する。したがって、法面の安定性が増大して、法面崩壊を防ぐ効果がある。そして、法面勾配を急傾斜とすることができ、経済的にもなる。   The vetiver roots 16a usually reach 2 to 3m in the ground, sometimes close to 5m, and are densely distributed, so the roots of the vetiver increase the binding force of the soil particles of the earth and sand, resulting in the soil strength To increase. Therefore, the stability of the slope is increased, and there is an effect of preventing the slope collapse. In addition, the slope of the slope can be made steep and economical.

なお、このとき、従来の法面養生に使用される汎用の法面緑化(養生)工法(例えば、前述の特許文献1に記載の方法)を併用することが望ましい。ベチバーの根が伸びて土壌フィルターの作用を十分に奏するまでの法面保護を行うためである。   At this time, it is desirable to use a general-purpose slope greening (curing) method (for example, the method described in Patent Document 1 described above) used for conventional slope curing. This is to protect the slope until the roots of the vetiver grow and the soil filter functions sufficiently.

また、地下水Wが高くて法面に流出する場合は、ベチバーの植生により、上記と同様の理由により、フィルター効果をもつ地中壁が形成される。ベチバーの根は地下水部位まで伸び、さらには、地下水通過部位を貫通することが期待できるためである。このため、地下水の流出に伴う土砂の流出を防ぎ、パイピングによる法面崩壊を防ぐ作用を奏する。   Moreover, when the groundwater W is high and flows out to the slope, an underground wall having a filter effect is formed by the vegetation of the vetiver for the same reason as described above. This is because the roots of the vetiver can be expected to extend to the groundwater site and further penetrate the groundwater passage site. For this reason, it has the effect | action which prevents the outflow of earth and sand accompanying the outflow of groundwater, and prevents the slope collapse by piping.

さらに、表層土の保水力が増大して表層土劣化(風化)が抑制される。このため、表層土劣化による法面崩壊を発生し難くなる。
Furthermore, the water retention capacity of the surface soil is increased, and surface soil deterioration (weathering) is suppressed. For this reason, it becomes difficult to generate slope failure due to surface soil degradation.

(1)本発明の効果を確認するために行った、土中挿し木の繁殖方法について説明する。実験は、琉球大学農学部亜熱帯科学センター内で行った。   (1) A method for breeding underground cuttings performed to confirm the effect of the present invention will be described. The experiment was conducted at the Subtropical Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus.

2節、3節および上側シュートを切除しない、長さ、それぞれ、7cm、15cm及び15cmの各挿穂を調製した。なお、親株は、琉球大学農学部保存株(生育3ヶ月)を使用した。   Incisions with lengths of 7 cm, 15 cm and 15 cm, respectively, were prepared without excising the second, third and upper shoots. The parent strain used was a stock preserved at the University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Agriculture (3 months of growth).

そして、培養土を充填したプランター(内幅20cm×内長60cm×内高さ15cm)に、約15cm隔で挿し木(7本ずつ)をし、1週間に3回程度の潅水を行いながら、30日経過後のベチバー苗木の状態を観察した。   Then, a planter (inner width: 20 cm × inner length: 60 cm × inner height: 15 cm) filled with culture soil was cut at about 15 cm intervals (seven each), and irrigated about 3 times a week. The state of vetiver seedlings after the passage of days was observed.

その結果は、2節挿穂が、シュート及び根の生育が1番良好でシュートのつやも良かった。3節挿穂は、シュート及び根の生育はほとんどかわらかなかったが、シュートのつやが若干劣った。これに対して、トップシュートまで残したものは、シュート及び根がほとんど生育せず、苗として使用可能なものは得られなかった。   As a result, the two-node cuttings showed the best growth of shoots and roots, and the shoots were glossy. Three-node cuttings had little shoot and root growth, but the shoot gloss was slightly inferior. On the other hand, the shoots and roots that were left up to the top shoot hardly grew, and those that could be used as seedlings were not obtained.

(2)また、本発明者らは、ベチバー成長株(1年もの)から調製した挿穂(根残存長さ:5cm、茎残存長さ:15cm)を使用して、8月初旬に、水中に挿して、水温(常温:25〜30℃)で育苗・増殖した結果、2週間で茎根連接体の茎連接節から発芽したことを確認している。   (2) In addition, the present inventors used an incision (root remaining length: 5 cm, stem remaining length: 15 cm) prepared from a vetiver-growing strain (one year old) in the beginning of August. As a result of seedling growth and propagation at a water temperature (normal temperature: 25 to 30 ° C.), it has been confirmed that germination has occurred from the stem articulation node of the stem root articulation body in two weeks.

挿穂を調製する場合の説明用のベチバー成長株(親株)のモデル図である。It is a model figure of the vetiver growth strain (parent strain) for description in the case of preparing cuttings. 2節挿穂の一例を示すモデル図である。It is a model figure which shows an example of a 2-node cutting head. 本発明における挿し木の方法を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the method of cutting in this invention. 定植適正期間を示すグラフ図である。It is a graph which shows a planting appropriate period. 法肩に植生させたベチバーの土砂流出防止作用を説明するモデル図である。It is a model figure explaining the sediment outflow prevention effect of the vetiver vegetated on the shoulder. 法肩及びバームに植生させたベチバーの盛土・切土法面崩壊防止作用を説明するモデル図である。It is a model figure explaining the embankment and cut slope failure prevention effect of the vetiver vegetated on the shoulder and balm. 水耕法で育苗/増殖させる場合に使用する挿穂の調製方法を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the preparation method of the cutting head used when it is made to raise and propagate by hydroponic method. 水耕法で育苗/増殖させる場合に使用する挿穂挿し前挿穂保持筏の斜視図(a)及び同じく挿穂保持筏で挿穂挿し後の正面図(b)である。It is the perspective view (a) of the pre-insertion insertion pre-insertion holding pod used when raising / growing seedlings by the hydroponic method, and the front view (b) after the insertion of the pre-insertion insertion pod.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 ベチバーの成長株
12、12A 分け株
14 上側シュート(茎と葉)
15 茎
16 茎の節
16a 第一節
16b 第二節
17 根
18、18A 挿穂
20 葉
22 盛り土
24 法肩
26 ベチバー苗
28 バーム

10 Growing strain of vetiver 12, 12A Split 14 Upper shoot (stem and leaf)
15 stem 16 stem node 16a first node 16b second node 17 root 18, 18A cutting 20 leaf 22 fill 24 shoulder 26 vetiver seedling 28 balm

Claims (11)

ベチバー(vetiver)を土中挿し木により、育苗ないし増殖(植生)させる方法であって、
ベチバーの成長株からの分け株から、上側シュート及び根側を切除して、1個以上の節(node)を有するように裁断して調製した茎を、挿穂として、前記節が土中に位置するように土中に挿して行うことを特徴とするベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。
It is a method of raising vetiver (vetiver) with soil cuttings to grow seedlings or grow (vegetation),
A stem prepared by cutting the upper shoot and the root side from a vetiver growing strain and cutting it to have one or more nodes is used as an incision. A vetiver seedling / growth method characterized by being inserted into the soil so as to be positioned.
前記挿穂における節の数を2〜3個とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。   The vetiver seedling / growing method according to claim 1, wherein the number of nodes in the cutting is 2 to 3. 前記挿穂における節が成長期にある節を含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。   The method for raising / growing a vetiver according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the node in the cutting includes a node in a growing period. 前記挿穂における節から伸長している葉部が除去されていることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。   The vetiver seedling / growing method according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a leaf portion extending from a node in the cutting is removed. 前記挿し木を、挿穂3本セットで行うことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。   The method for raising / growing a vetiver according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cutting is performed in a set of three cuttings. 前記請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法により、法肩及び/又はバームに挿し木又は定植(移植)し植生させて土壌フィルターを形成することを特徴とする土壌フィルターの形成工法。   A soil filter comprising a vetiver seedling / growing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the soil filter is formed by cutting or planting (transplanting) on a shoulder and / or balm to form a soil filter. Forming method. 請求項6記載の土壌フィルターの形成工法を、法面の他の緑化工法(養生工法)と併用することを特徴とする法面緑化工法。   A slope revegetation method characterized in that the soil filter forming method according to claim 6 is used in combination with another revegetation method (curing method). 請求項6記載の土壌フィルターの形成工法を圃場等の法面に接しているグリーンベルトに使用することを特徴とするグリーンベルト施工工法。   A method for constructing a green belt, wherein the method for forming a soil filter according to claim 6 is used for a green belt in contact with a slope of a field or the like. ベチバー(vetiver)を水中挿し木により育苗ないし増殖(植生)させる方法であって、
ベチバーの成長株からの分け株から、茎を部分的に残すとともに、適宜、根を部分的に残してカットして調製した茎根連接体を、挿穂として、茎を水面上に出した状態で水中に挿し保持して行うことを特徴とするベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。
It is a method of raising vetiver (vetiver) by underwater cuttings and growing (vegetation),
A state where the stems are put out on the surface of the water as the cuttings of the stem root conjunctions prepared by cutting the stems from the vetiver growing strains while leaving the stems partially and appropriately leaving the roots partially. A method for raising / growing a vetiver, characterized by being inserted and held in water.
前記茎の残り長さが10〜30cmであり、前記根の残り長さが1〜15cmであることを特徴とする請求項9記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。   The vetiver seedling / growing method according to claim 9, wherein the remaining length of the stem is 10 to 30 cm, and the remaining length of the root is 1 to 15 cm. 前記水中への挿し木をスポンジを介して行うことを特徴とする請求項9又は10記載のベチバーの育苗/増殖方法。
The vetiver seedling / growing method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the cutting into water is performed through a sponge.
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