JP2006153842A - Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit - Google Patents

Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2006153842A
JP2006153842A JP2005165257A JP2005165257A JP2006153842A JP 2006153842 A JP2006153842 A JP 2006153842A JP 2005165257 A JP2005165257 A JP 2005165257A JP 2005165257 A JP2005165257 A JP 2005165257A JP 2006153842 A JP2006153842 A JP 2006153842A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
load detection
piezoelectric film
detection sheet
load
variable load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2005165257A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yukio Fujimoto
由紀夫 藤本
Arif Setianto Taufiq
アリフセテイアント タウフィック
Eiji Shintaku
英司 新宅
Yoshikazu Tanaka
義和 田中
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hiroshima University NUC
Original Assignee
Hiroshima University NUC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hiroshima University NUC filed Critical Hiroshima University NUC
Priority to JP2005165257A priority Critical patent/JP2006153842A/en
Publication of JP2006153842A publication Critical patent/JP2006153842A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sheet for detecting a fluctuating load allowing a person to easily measure a fluctuating load or the like that is hardly measured and is received by the person by repeated pressing of an object by the person, and to provide a fluctuating load detecting circuit using this. <P>SOLUTION: The sheet for detecting the fluctuating load comprises a piezoelectric film, a pair of electrodes disposed on both sides of the piezoelectric film, and distortion amplifying members disposed on the electrodes. The distortion amplifying member is an elastic body having Young's modulus smaller than that of the piezoelectric film. The fluctuating load detecting circuit for detecting the fluctuating load using the sheet for detecting the fluctuating load is connected to a voltage detecting device through additional resistors connected to the electrodes on the both sides of the piezoelectric film in series. The capacitance C(F) of the piezoelectric film, resistance R<SB>1</SB>(Ω) of the additional resistors, internal resistance R<SB>2</SB>(Ω) of the voltage detecting device have the relation, RC>0.3 and R=(R<SB>1</SB>+R<SB>2</SB>). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、圧電フィルムを利用した変動荷重検出用シート及びこれを用いた変動荷重検出回路に係り、特に圧電フィルムに作用する変動荷重を効果的に伝達することにより変動荷重を高感度で検出することができる変動荷重検出用シート及びこれを用いた変動荷重検出回路に関する。   The present invention relates to a fluctuating load detection sheet using a piezoelectric film and a fluctuating load detection circuit using the same, and particularly detects fluctuating load with high sensitivity by effectively transmitting fluctuating load acting on the piezoelectric film. The present invention relates to a fluctuating load detection sheet and a fluctuating load detection circuit using the same.

従来、人が指先で物を繰り返し押す動作や足のかかとで蹴る動作等に伴い人が受ける負荷の測定や、乗用車の座席に腰掛けた人が運転中に背や尻に受ける変動荷重や衝撃荷重の測定は、被測定物及びその物を支持する部材が柔軟で種々に変形し、又負荷の作用点が移動する等のため困難であった。   Conventionally, measurement of the load that a person receives due to the action of repeatedly pushing an object with a fingertip or the action of kicking with the heel of a foot, and the fluctuation load and impact load that a person sitting on a passenger car seat receives on the back and buttocks during driving This measurement is difficult because the object to be measured and the members supporting the object are flexible and variously deformed, and the point of action of the load moves.

このような変動荷重や衝撃荷重を測定するには、例えば、特許文献1又は2に提案されているような圧力測定装置が利用されている。すなわち、圧電素子のピエゾ効果を利用した感圧センサー、感圧ゴムや感圧インクの圧力変化に伴う抵抗変化を利用した感圧センサー、2枚の導電板間の静電容量が圧力変化に伴い変化することを利用した感圧センサー等をアレイ状あるいはマトリクス状に多数配置した変動荷重検出シートを用い、その多数の感圧センサーを一定の時間間隔でスキャンして圧力分布を求めることにより変動荷重を測定する方法が行われている。   In order to measure such a fluctuating load or impact load, for example, a pressure measuring device as proposed in Patent Document 1 or 2 is used. That is, a pressure-sensitive sensor that uses the piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric element, a pressure-sensitive sensor that uses resistance changes associated with pressure changes in pressure-sensitive rubber and pressure-sensitive ink, and the capacitance between two conductive plates changes with pressure. Fluctuating load is obtained by using a fluctuating load detection sheet in which a large number of pressure-sensitive sensors, etc. that utilize changes are arranged in an array or matrix, and scanning the number of pressure-sensitive sensors at regular time intervals to obtain the pressure distribution. A method of measuring has been done.

特開2002-48658号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-48658 特開2004-28883号公報JP 2004-28883 A

しかし、このような測定方法に用いられる測定装置は、センサー回路が複雑になるとともに、スキャン信号の発令と処理に特別な装置を必要としていた。また、スキャンや信号処理に時間を要するため、衝撃荷重や高速な振動荷重を測定することが困難であるという問題があった。さらに、変動荷重を正確に検出するためには変動荷重検出部の構造が複雑になることや、変動荷重検出部を支持するために特別の支持構造を要する等のため、一般に複雑で大がかりな測定装置が必要であるという問題があった。   However, the measuring device used in such a measuring method has a complicated sensor circuit and requires a special device for issuing and processing a scan signal. In addition, since scanning and signal processing take time, there is a problem that it is difficult to measure impact loads and high-speed vibration loads. Furthermore, in order to accurately detect fluctuating loads, the structure of fluctuating load detectors is complicated, and special support structures are required to support fluctuating load detectors. There was a problem that the device was necessary.

本発明は、このような従来の問題点に鑑み、人が物に接触し又当たった際に人が受ける負荷や乗用車の座席に腰掛けた人の背や尻にかかる運転中の変動荷重や衝撃荷重のような測定しにくい荷重を、簡単な構造で、高精度かつ容易に測定をすることができる変動荷重検出用シート及びこれを用いた変動荷重検出回路を提供することを目的とする。   In view of such a conventional problem, the present invention is a load that a person receives when he / she touches or hits an object, or a variable load or impact during driving applied to the back or buttocks of a person sitting on a passenger car seat. It is an object of the present invention to provide a variable load detection sheet and a variable load detection circuit using the same, which can easily measure a load that is difficult to measure, such as a load, with a simple structure and high accuracy.

本発明に係る変動荷重検出用シートは、圧電フィルムと、該圧電フィルムの両面に設けられた一対の電極と、該電極上に設けられた歪増幅部材とからなり、前記歪増幅部材は前記圧電フィルムのヤング率よりも小さいヤング率を有する弾性体からなるものとされる。   The fluctuating load detection sheet according to the present invention includes a piezoelectric film, a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the piezoelectric film, and a strain amplifying member provided on the electrodes, and the strain amplifying member is the piezoelectric amplifying member. The elastic body has a Young's modulus smaller than that of the film.

上記変動荷重検出用シートにおいて弾性体は、ヤング率が1〜10MPaであるものが好ましく、そのようなものとしてはシリコンゴム、天然ゴム又は合成ゴムが好ましい。   In the above fluctuating load detection sheet, the elastic body preferably has a Young's modulus of 1 to 10 MPa, and as such, silicon rubber, natural rubber or synthetic rubber is preferable.

また、上記変動荷重検出用シートは、歪増幅部材の上に重ねてヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなる緩衝部材が設けられたものが好ましく、そのような緩衝部材としてはスポンジゴム、またはセルスポンジが好ましい。また、緩衝部材は、変動荷重が負荷される側の歪増幅部材と接する面に凹凸部が設けられているのが好ましい。   The fluctuating load detection sheet is preferably provided with a buffer member made of an elastic material having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa over the strain amplifying member. As such a buffer member, sponge rubber, Or cell sponge is preferable. Moreover, it is preferable that the buffer member is provided with an uneven portion on the surface in contact with the strain amplification member on the side to which the variable load is applied.

緩衝部材は、また、潤滑部材を塗布又はしみ込ませた紙、布帛又はフェルトからなるものとすることができる。また、歪増幅部材に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるものとすることができ、歪増幅部材に接触する面に設ける潤滑部材は、低粘度の潤滑剤塗膜であるのが好ましい。   The cushioning member can also be made of paper, fabric or felt coated or impregnated with a lubricating member. Moreover, it can consist of a film which has a lubricating member in the surface which contacts a distortion amplification member, and it is preferable that the lubricating member provided in the surface which contacts a distortion amplification member is a low-viscosity lubricant coating film.

また、潤滑部材を塗布又はしみ込ませた紙、布帛又はフェルトからなるもの及びその上にヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなるものを重ねたもの、あるいは、歪増幅部材に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるもの及びその上にヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなるものを重ねたものとすることができる。   Also, on the surface that contacts the strain amplifying member, or the one made of paper, fabric or felt coated with a lubricating member, and the one made of an elastic material having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa on it, One made of a film having a lubricating member and one made of an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa can be stacked thereon.

さらに、上記変動荷重検出用シートは、可撓性のカバー部材を介して変動荷重等が作用するように可撓性のカバー部材で覆われてなるのが好ましい。   Furthermore, the fluctuating load detection sheet is preferably covered with a flexible cover member so that a fluctuating load or the like acts via the flexible cover member.

また、本変動荷重検出用シートは、上記の変動荷重検出用シートであって、静電容量がC(F)なる圧電フィルムと電気抵抗がR(Ω)なる電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗とを有し、前記静電容量Cと電気抵抗Rの積RCが、RC>0.3なるものとすることができる。   This variable load detection sheet is the above-described variable load detection sheet, and is an additional resistor connected in series to a piezoelectric film having a capacitance of C (F) and an electrode having an electric resistance of R (Ω). The product RC of the capacitance C and the electrical resistance R can be RC> 0.3.

上記の変動荷重検出用シートを用いて変動荷重等を測定するには、上記の変動荷重検出用シートを用いて構成され、該変動荷重検出用シート上に作用する変動荷重の垂直方向の大きさに応じて圧電フィルムに帯電された電荷量により発生する、変動荷重に比例した出力電圧を検出する変動荷重検出回路であって、前記圧電フィルムの両面の電極が付加抵抗を介して電圧検知装置と結線され、前記圧電フィルムの静電容量C(F)、前記付加抵抗の抵抗値R1(Ω)、前記電圧検知装置の内部抵抗R2(Ω)が下記の関係を満たすように構成されてなる変動荷重検出回路を使用する。RC>0.3、R=R1+R2 In order to measure a fluctuating load or the like using the fluctuating load detection sheet, the vertical size of the fluctuating load configured on the fluctuating load detection sheet and acting on the fluctuating load detection sheet. A variable load detection circuit for detecting an output voltage proportional to the variable load generated by the amount of charge charged on the piezoelectric film in response to the voltage detection device via an additional resistor. Wired, the capacitance C (F) of the piezoelectric film, the resistance value R 1 (Ω) of the additional resistor, and the internal resistance R 2 (Ω) of the voltage detection device satisfy the following relationship: Use the fluctuating load detection circuit. RC> 0.3, R = R 1 + R 2

また、変動荷重検出用シートの電気回路を以下のように構成することができる。すなわち、変動荷重検出用シートは、静電容量が静電容量C(F)なる圧電フィルムと静電容量がC5(F)なる電極に並列に結線された付加静電容量と、電気抵抗がR(Ω)なる電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗とを有し、前記静電容量の和(C+C5)と電気抵抗Rの積R×(C+C5)が、R×(C+C5)>0.3なるものとすることができる。 Further, the electric circuit of the fluctuating load detection sheet can be configured as follows. That is, the fluctuating load detection sheet has an additional capacitance connected in parallel to a piezoelectric film having a capacitance C (F) and an electrode having a capacitance C 5 (F), and an electric resistance. An additional resistor connected in series with an electrode of R (Ω), and the product R × (C + C 5 ) of the sum of capacitance (C + C 5 ) and electric resistance R is R × (C + C 5 )> It can be 0.3.

さらに、変動荷重検出用シートを用いて変動荷重等を測定する変動荷重検出回路を以下のようにすることができる。すなわち、変動荷重検出回路は、変動荷重検出用シートを用いて構成され、該変動荷重検出用シート上に作用する変動荷重の垂直方向の大きさに応じて圧電フィルムに帯電された電荷量により発生する、変動荷重に比例した出力電圧を検出する変動荷重検出回路であって、前記圧電フィルムの電極に並列に結線された付加静電容量、及び前記圧電フィルムの電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗を通して電圧検知装置と結線され、前記圧電フィルムの静電容量C(F)と付加静電容量C5(F)、前記付加抵抗R1(Ω)、前記電圧検知装置の内部抵抗R2(Ω)が下記の関係を満たすように構成されてなるものとすることができる。R×(C+C5)>0.3、R=R1+R2 Furthermore, a fluctuating load detection circuit that measures a fluctuating load or the like using a fluctuating load detection sheet can be configured as follows. That is, the variable load detection circuit is configured using a variable load detection sheet, and is generated by the amount of charge charged on the piezoelectric film in accordance with the vertical size of the variable load acting on the variable load detection sheet. A variable load detection circuit for detecting an output voltage proportional to the variable load, the additional capacitance connected in parallel to the electrode of the piezoelectric film, and the additional resistor connected in series to the electrode of the piezoelectric film Is connected to the voltage detection device through the electrostatic capacitance C (F) and additional capacitance C 5 (F) of the piezoelectric film, the additional resistance R 1 (Ω), and the internal resistance R 2 (Ω of the voltage detection device). ) May be configured to satisfy the following relationship. R × (C + C 5 )> 0.3, R = R 1 + R 2

本発明に係る変動荷重検出用シートは、簡単な構造で、人が物に接触し又は当たった際に人が受ける負荷や乗用車の座席に腰掛けた人の背や尻にかかる運転中の変動荷重や衝撃荷重のような測定しにくい荷重でも高感度で測定することができる。また、本変動荷重検出用シートを用いた変動荷重測定検出回路によれば、スキャン信号の発令と処理に特別な測定装置を必要とせず簡単な電圧測定装置によって変動荷重や衝撃荷重を測定することができる。   The variable load detection seat according to the present invention has a simple structure, a load that a person receives when a person touches or hits an object, and a variable load during operation applied to a person's back and buttocks seated on a passenger car seat Even a load that is difficult to measure, such as a shock load, can be measured with high sensitivity. In addition, according to the variable load measurement detection circuit using this variable load detection sheet, it is possible to measure the variable load and impact load with a simple voltage measurement device without requiring a special measurement device for issuing and processing the scan signal. Can do.

以下に本発明に係る変動荷重検出用シートの実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1は、本変動荷重検出用シートの断面を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示すように、本変動荷重検出用シート100は、圧電フィルム10と、圧電フィルム10の両面に設けられた一対の電極11(11A、11B)と、電極11A、11B上に設けられた歪増幅部材15(15A、15B)とからなる。   Embodiments of a variable load detection sheet according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of the present variable load detection sheet. As shown in FIG. 1, the fluctuating load detection sheet 100 is provided on the piezoelectric film 10, the pair of electrodes 11 (11A, 11B) provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric film 10, and the electrodes 11A, 11B. It consists of the strain amplification member 15 (15A, 15B).

圧電フィルム10は公知のものを使用することができる。例えば、フィルムの厚みが40〜100μm、ヤング率が2000〜4000MPa、ポアソン比が0.3〜0.35のPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン、Polyvinylidene fluoride)を使用することができる。   As the piezoelectric film 10, a known film can be used. For example, PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) having a film thickness of 40 to 100 μm, Young's modulus of 2000 to 4000 MPa, and Poisson's ratio of 0.3 to 0.35 can be used.

圧電フィルム10の両面に設ける一対の電極11は、圧電フィルム10の両面にアルミニウムを蒸着し、導電性塗料を塗布し又は銅のスパッタリングにより構成することができる。銅箔を圧電フィルム10に接着して構成してもよい。この電極11A、11Bは、圧電フィルム10の変形を阻害することなくその変形に追従でき、導電性に優れたものであればよい。また、電極11A、11Bはその周縁部で短絡せず、かつ圧電フィルム10面のほぼ全面にわたっているのがよい。これにより、圧電フィルム10の面積に応じた出力電圧を得ることができる。   The pair of electrodes 11 provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric film 10 can be configured by vapor-depositing aluminum on both surfaces of the piezoelectric film 10, applying a conductive paint, or sputtering copper. A copper foil may be bonded to the piezoelectric film 10 for configuration. The electrodes 11A and 11B may be any electrode as long as they can follow the deformation without inhibiting the deformation of the piezoelectric film 10 and have excellent conductivity. Further, the electrodes 11A and 11B are preferably not short-circuited at the peripheral edge portion and substantially cover the entire surface of the piezoelectric film 10. Thereby, an output voltage corresponding to the area of the piezoelectric film 10 can be obtained.

歪増幅部材15は、圧電フィルム10のヤング率よりも小さいヤング率を有する弾性体を用いる。この歪増幅部材15は、以下に説明するように変動荷重検出用シート100に変動荷重等が作用するとき、圧電フィルム10に生ずる歪みを増大させてその歪みに伴う分極により発生する電荷量を増大させ、変動荷重検出用シート100の測定感度を増大させる機能を有する。このため、歪増幅部材15としては圧電フィルム10のヤング率の1/100程度のヤング率が1〜10Mpaである弾性体を用いるのがよい。そのような弾性体としては、シリコンゴム、天然ゴム又は合成ゴムがよく、特にPVDFからなる圧電フィルムを用いる場合は、弾性体としてシリコンゴムを用いるのがよい。   As the strain amplifying member 15, an elastic body having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the piezoelectric film 10 is used. As will be described below, the strain amplification member 15 increases the amount of charge generated by the polarization accompanying the strain by increasing the strain generated in the piezoelectric film 10 when a variable load or the like is applied to the variable load detection sheet 100. And has a function of increasing the measurement sensitivity of the variable load detection sheet 100. For this reason, it is preferable to use an elastic body having a Young's modulus of about 1/100 of the Young's modulus of the piezoelectric film 10 as 1 to 10 Mpa as the strain amplifying member 15. As such an elastic body, silicon rubber, natural rubber or synthetic rubber is preferable. In particular, when a piezoelectric film made of PVDF is used, it is preferable to use silicon rubber as the elastic body.

歪増幅部材15は上記のように圧電フィルム10の歪みを増大させるものであるから、歪増幅部材15と圧電フィルム10の接合部分は一体に変形するように接合されていなければならない。この接合手段は特に問わないが、歪増幅部材15と圧電フィルム10の接合は接着によるものでよい。接着剤としては、硬化後の硬度が歪増幅部材15と略同じシリコン樹脂系またはゴム系接着剤がよく、特に圧電フィルム10にPVDFを用いる場合はシリコン樹脂系接着剤がよい。なお、歪増幅部材15として用いるシリコンゴム等は、液体状のシリコンゴム等を圧電フィルム10に一定厚さに塗り、又は圧電フィルムの上面に型枠を取付けて液体状のシリコンゴム等を流し込んで硬化させることにより圧電フィルム10と一体に構成することもできる。   Since the strain amplifying member 15 increases the strain of the piezoelectric film 10 as described above, the joint portion between the strain amplifying member 15 and the piezoelectric film 10 must be joined so as to be integrally deformed. The joining means is not particularly limited, but the joining of the strain amplifying member 15 and the piezoelectric film 10 may be by adhesion. As the adhesive, a silicon resin-based or rubber-based adhesive whose hardness after curing is substantially the same as that of the strain amplification member 15 is preferable, and in particular, when PVDF is used for the piezoelectric film 10, a silicon resin-based adhesive is preferable. The silicon rubber or the like used as the strain amplifying member 15 is formed by applying liquid silicon rubber or the like to the piezoelectric film 10 to a certain thickness, or attaching a mold to the upper surface of the piezoelectric film and pouring the liquid silicon rubber or the like. It can also be configured integrally with the piezoelectric film 10 by curing.

歪増幅部材15は、上述のように変動荷重等が圧電フィルム10に効果的に伝達するように機能するものであるから、座屈しない程度の厚さでなければならない。このため、歪増幅部材15の厚さは、0.5mmから2.5mmの範囲にするのが好ましい。   Since the strain amplifying member 15 functions so as to effectively transmit a fluctuating load or the like to the piezoelectric film 10 as described above, the strain amplifying member 15 must have a thickness that does not buckle. For this reason, the thickness of the strain amplifying member 15 is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.

なお、変動荷重検出用シート100には、圧電フィルム10に帯電した電荷を取り出すための配線18(18A、18B)が設けられる。配線18A、18Bは、例えば導電性粘着剤付き金属箔テープに配線を半田付けし、金属箔テープの粘着剤面を電極11A、11Bに粘着し、あるいはカシメにより結線して構成される。それらの端部は配線用コネクタ(図示しない)に接続される。   Note that the variable load detection sheet 100 is provided with wirings 18 (18A, 18B) for taking out charges charged in the piezoelectric film 10. The wirings 18A and 18B are configured, for example, by soldering the wiring to a metal foil tape with a conductive adhesive, and by sticking the adhesive surface of the metal foil tape to the electrodes 11A and 11B or by caulking. Their ends are connected to a wiring connector (not shown).

上記に説明した変動荷重検出用シート100を用いて、以下に説明するように変動荷重検出用シートに作用する変動荷重や衝撃荷重を測定することができる。図2は変動荷重検出用シート100に圧縮変動荷重Fが作用するときの変動荷重検出用シート100の変形状態を模式的に表した断面図である。図3は、変動荷重検出用シート100を用いて圧縮変動荷重Fを測定する変動荷重検出回路の説明図である。   Using the variable load detection sheet 100 described above, it is possible to measure a variable load and an impact load that act on the variable load detection sheet as described below. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the deformation state of the variable load detection sheet 100 when the compressive variable load F acts on the variable load detection sheet 100. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a fluctuating load detection circuit that measures the compressive fluctuating load F using the fluctuating load detection sheet 100.

変動荷重検出用シート100が、図2(a)に示すように剛体に支持された状態で周期的に変化する圧縮変動荷重Fを受けるときの変形状態は図2(b)に示すように、歪増幅部材15A、15Bが圧縮変動荷重Fにより厚さ方向に縮むとともにポアソン効果によって平面方向に引き延ばされる。この歪増幅部材15A、15Bは、圧電フィルム10に比べてヤング率が十分小さい弾性体であるから、歪増幅部材15A、15Bの平面方向の延びは圧電フィルム10自身のポアソン効果による平面方向の延びに比べて格段に大きい。この歪増幅部材15A、15Bの平面方向の延びにより圧電フィルム10は平面方向に延び、そのときの引張り歪εは、ε=(Ll-LO)/LOとなる。ここで、LOは圧電フィルム10の変形前の長さで、Llは変形後の長さである。 As shown in FIG. 2B, the deformation state when the variable load detection sheet 100 receives the compression fluctuation load F that periodically changes while being supported by a rigid body as shown in FIG. The strain amplifying members 15A and 15B are contracted in the thickness direction by the compression fluctuation load F and are stretched in the plane direction by the Poisson effect. Since the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B are elastic bodies having a Young's modulus sufficiently smaller than that of the piezoelectric film 10, the extension of the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B in the planar direction is caused by the Poisson effect of the piezoelectric film 10 itself. It is much larger than Due to the extension of the strain amplification members 15A and 15B in the planar direction, the piezoelectric film 10 extends in the planar direction, and the tensile strain ε at that time is ε = (L 1 −L O ) / L O. Here, L 2 O is the length before deformation of the piezoelectric film 10, and L 1 is the length after deformation.

引張り歪εによって圧電フィルム10は分極し、圧電フィルム10の電極11A、11Bには引張り歪εに比例する電荷量Qを生じる。引張り歪εは圧縮変動荷重Fの大きさに比例するので、電荷量Qも圧縮変動荷重の大きさに比例する。すなわち、圧電フィルム10にヤング率が2000〜4000MPa、ポアソン比が0.3〜0.35のPVDFを用い、歪増幅部材15A、15Bにヤング率が1〜10MPaの弾性体を用いると、弾性体のポアソン比は一般に0.3前後の値であるから圧電フィルム10の平面方向の引張り歪εは約100倍に拡大され、引張り歪εに比例する電荷量Qも歪増幅部材15A、15Bがない場合に生ずる電荷量に比較して約100倍になる。これにより変動荷重検出用シート100の測定感度が向上し、小さな荷重変化でも容易に測定することができる。   The piezoelectric film 10 is polarized by the tensile strain ε, and a charge amount Q proportional to the tensile strain ε is generated in the electrodes 11A and 11B of the piezoelectric film 10. Since the tensile strain ε is proportional to the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load F, the charge amount Q is also proportional to the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load. That is, when PVDF having a Young's modulus of 2000 to 4000 MPa and Poisson's ratio of 0.3 to 0.35 is used for the piezoelectric film 10 and an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 1 to 10 MPa is used for the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B, the Poisson's ratio of the elastic body is In general, since the value is about 0.3, the tensile strain ε in the plane direction of the piezoelectric film 10 is enlarged by about 100 times, and the charge amount Q proportional to the tensile strain ε is also the amount of charge generated in the absence of the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B. Compared to about 100 times. Thereby, the measurement sensitivity of the fluctuating load detection sheet 100 is improved, and even a small load change can be easily measured.

なお、圧電フィルム10が変動荷重等を受けた場合に、圧電フィルム10はその厚さ方向にも縮みその歪に伴い分極が生ずるが、この厚さ方向の歪みは圧電フィルム10のヤング率が大きいから上記引張り歪εに比較して非常に小さく、この分極による電荷量の変化量は無視することができる。   In addition, when the piezoelectric film 10 receives a variable load, the piezoelectric film 10 also contracts in the thickness direction and polarization occurs along with the strain. The strain in the thickness direction has a large Young's modulus of the piezoelectric film 10. Therefore, the amount of change in charge due to this polarization can be ignored.

また、変動荷重検出用シート100が、例えば乗用車の座席の上等柔軟なものに支持されているような場合は、変動荷重検出用シート100は図2(c)に示すように撓み、圧電フィルムには曲げ歪みを生ずる。しかし、このような撓みによる曲げ歪みも上記圧電フィルム10が変動荷重検出シート100の中立軸位置に配置されているので、引張り歪εに比較して非常に小さくその影響は無視することができる。例えば、変動荷重検出シート100の上下面をひっくり返して同じ変動荷重を負荷すると、圧電フィルム10の曲げ歪みの向きが逆転することになるが、出力信号の大きさはほとんど変わらない。   Further, when the variable load detection sheet 100 is supported by a flexible material such as a passenger car seat, the variable load detection sheet 100 is bent as shown in FIG. Causes bending strain. However, since the piezoelectric film 10 is disposed at the neutral axis position of the fluctuating load detection sheet 100, the bending strain due to such bending is very small compared to the tensile strain ε, and its influence can be ignored. For example, when the same load is applied by turning over the upper and lower surfaces of the variable load detection sheet 100, the direction of the bending strain of the piezoelectric film 10 is reversed, but the magnitude of the output signal is hardly changed.

上記圧縮変動荷重により圧電フィルム10に帯電した電荷量Qは、図3(a)に示す変動荷重検出回路により電圧の大きさとして検出され、以下に説明するように検出された出力電圧Voutは圧縮変動荷重の大きさに比例するから、出力電圧Voutを測定することにより圧縮変動荷重の大きさを測定することができる。 The charge amount Q charged on the piezoelectric film 10 by the above-described compression fluctuation load is detected as a voltage magnitude by the fluctuation load detection circuit shown in FIG. 3A, and the detected output voltage V out is explained as follows. Since it is proportional to the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load, the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load can be measured by measuring the output voltage Vout .

変動荷重検出回路は、図3(a)に示すように変動荷重検出用シート100、電圧検知装置40及び付加抵抗45から構成される。この変動荷重検出回路により検出される出力電圧Voutと、変動荷重と出力電圧の位相差φはそれぞれ下記の(1)式、(2)式で表される。電流Iは圧電フィルム10に帯電した電荷量Qの時間変化量であり、I=dQ/dtである。Clは、図3(b)に示すように、圧電フィルム10の圧縮変動荷重が負荷される部分(面積Sl)の静電容量であり、C2は圧電フィルム10の圧縮変動荷重が負荷されない部分(面積S2)の静電容量である。また、R1は付加抵抗45、R2は電圧検知装置40の内部抵抗である。Pは圧縮変動荷重の大きさ、ωは圧縮変動荷重の角速度、kは比例定数で、RはR1とR2の合成抵抗(R=R1+R2)である。 As shown in FIG. 3A, the variable load detection circuit includes a variable load detection sheet 100, a voltage detection device 40, and an additional resistor 45. The output voltage Vout detected by the fluctuating load detection circuit and the phase difference φ between the fluctuating load and the output voltage are expressed by the following equations (1) and (2), respectively. The current I is a time change amount of the charge amount Q charged in the piezoelectric film 10, and I = dQ / dt. As shown in FIG. 3B, C l is a capacitance of a portion (area S 1 ) of the piezoelectric film 10 to which the compression fluctuation load is applied, and C 2 is a load of the compression fluctuation load of the piezoelectric film 10. This is the capacitance of the portion (area S 2 ) that is not performed. R 1 is an additional resistor 45, and R 2 is an internal resistor of the voltage detector 40. P is the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load, ω is the angular velocity of the compression fluctuation load, k is a proportional constant, and R is the combined resistance of R 1 and R 2 (R = R 1 + R 2 ).

Figure 2006153842
Figure 2006153842

Figure 2006153842
Figure 2006153842

上記(1)式によると、出力電圧Voutの大きさは、静電容量(Cl+C2)、すなわち圧電フィルム10の静電容量C(C=Cl+C2)に左右されるが、ClあるいはC2のみに左右されることはない。従って、出力電圧Voutの大きさは、圧縮変動荷重の負荷面積の大きさや負荷の作用点の位置に左右されず、どのような大きさの被測定物であってもその荷重作用面が圧電フィルムの面内にある限り、被測定物に負荷される変動荷重を測定することができる。 According to the above equation (1), the magnitude of the output voltage V out depends on the capacitance (C 1 + C 2 ), that is, the capacitance C (C = C 1 + C 2 ) of the piezoelectric film 10. However, it does not depend on C 1 or C 2 alone. Therefore, the magnitude of the output voltage Vout does not depend on the size of the load area of the compression fluctuating load or the position of the point of application of the load. As long as it is in the plane of the film, the variable load applied to the object to be measured can be measured.

また、(1)式によれば、圧電フィルム10の静電容量C、合成抵抗Rを十分大きくとれば角速度ωに関係なく、(1)式は│Vout│=kP/C=k0P(k0=k/C)となり、出力電圧の大きさ│Vout│は圧縮変動荷重Pに比例するようになることが分かる。すなわち、変動荷重は、│Vout│により測定することができる。また、同様にRCωが十分大きい場合は、(2)式の位相差φが0に近づき、圧縮変動荷重と│Vout│の位相差がなくなることが分かる。従ってそのような場合においては、│Vout│の出力変動は圧縮変動荷重の大きさの変化状態をそのまま表していることになる。 Further, according to the equation (1), if the electrostatic capacity C and the combined resistance R of the piezoelectric film 10 are sufficiently large, the equation (1) can be expressed as | V out | = kP / C = k 0 P regardless of the angular velocity ω. (K 0 = k / C), it can be seen that the output voltage magnitude | V out | is proportional to the compression fluctuation load P. That is, the fluctuating load can be measured by | V out |. Similarly, when RCω is sufficiently large, the phase difference φ in equation (2) approaches 0, and it can be seen that there is no phase difference between the compression fluctuation load and | V out |. Therefore, in such a case, the output fluctuation of | V out | represents the change state of the magnitude of the compression fluctuation load as it is.

図4は、上記R、C及びωが│Vout│に与える効果を調べたグラフである。図4(a)は、(1)式において、圧電フィルム10の静電容量Cを3.1×10-7F(面積680cm2の圧電フィルムに相当する)、合成抵抗Rを1MΩ又は10MΩとした場合の圧縮変動荷重の周波数fと出力電圧│Vout│の関係を、横軸を周波数f、縦軸を│Vout│/kP(kは定数)として表したグラフである。図4(b)は、図4(a)の場合の圧電フィルム10の静電容量Cを1/10(面積68cm2の圧電フィルムに相当するC=3.1×10-8F)に小さくした場合のグラフである。なお、周波数fは、圧縮変動荷重の角速度をω、周期をTとすると、f(Hz)=ω(rad/s)/2π=1/T(s)で表される。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of R, C, and ω on | V out |. Fig. 4 (a) shows the case where the capacitance C of the piezoelectric film 10 is 3.1 × 10 -7 F (corresponding to a piezoelectric film with an area of 680 cm 2 ) and the combined resistance R is 1 MΩ or 10 MΩ in the formula (1). the relationship between the frequency f and the output voltage │V out │ compression fluctuating load of a horizontal axis frequency f, and the vertical axis │V out │ / kP (k is a constant) is a graph showing a. Fig. 4 (b) shows the case where the capacitance C of the piezoelectric film 10 in Fig. 4 (a) is reduced to 1/10 (C = 3.1 x 10 -8 F corresponding to a 68 cm 2 area piezoelectric film). It is a graph of. The frequency f is expressed as f (Hz) = ω (rad / s) / 2π = 1 / T (s), where ω is the angular velocity of the compression fluctuating load and T is the period.

図4(a)によると、合成抵抗Rが1MΩの場合は3Hz以上で、10MΩの場合は0.3Hz以上で│Vout│/kPが一定となる。すなわち、出力電圧の大きさ│Vout│が圧縮変動荷重の大きさPに比例するようになることが分かる。図4(b)によると、合成抵抗Rが1MΩの場合は30Hz以上で、10MΩの場合は3Hz以上で、出力電圧の大きさ│Vout│が圧縮変動荷重の大きさPに比例するようになることが分かる。 According to FIG. 4A, when the combined resistance R is 1 MΩ, | V out | / kP is constant at 3 Hz or more, and when 10 MΩ, 0.3 Hz or more. That is, it can be seen that the magnitude | V out | of the output voltage is proportional to the magnitude P of the compression fluctuation load. According to Fig. 4 (b), when the combined resistance R is 1MΩ, it is 30Hz or more, and when 10MΩ, it is 3Hz or more so that the output voltage magnitude | V out | is proportional to the compression fluctuation load P. I understand that

このような関係は、周期的に変化する圧縮変動荷重のみならず、衝撃的な荷重についても成立する。すなわち、図5に示すように変動荷重による出力電圧Voutと時間tの曲線において、周期的に変化する変動荷重の周波数f1は、f1=1/T1(T1は周期である)であるから、衝撃荷重の周波数f2を、f2=1/(4T2)(T2は、衝撃荷重の負荷開始から最大荷重に到達するまでの時間)と表すことにより、衝撃荷重に対しても(1)式及び(2)式を適用することができる。このことは、ロードセルの上に載せた変動荷重検出用シートに各種の変動荷重や衝撃荷重を負荷し、変動荷重検出用シート及びロードセルの出力結果を比較するとよく一致していることから確認される。 Such a relationship is established not only for a periodically changing compression load but also for an impact load. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, in the curve of the output voltage V out and the time t due to the fluctuating load, the fluctuating load frequency f 1 that fluctuates periodically is f 1 = 1 / T 1 (T 1 is the period) Therefore, the frequency f 2 of the impact load is expressed as f 2 = 1 / (4T 2 ) (T 2 is the time from the start of the impact load to the maximum load). However, the equations (1) and (2) can be applied. This is confirmed by the fact that various variable loads and impact loads are applied to the variable load detection sheet placed on the load cell, and the output results of the variable load detection sheet and the load cell are in good agreement. .

表1は、人が各種の動作を行った場合の変動荷重検出用シートに負荷される変動荷重又は衝撃荷重の周波数を示す。衝撃荷重の周波数は上記関係式より求めた。表1によると、人の指先や手のひらで繰り返し押す動作等人が通常行う動作の周波数は、3〜10Hz程度であり、足のかかとで蹴る動作や手刀で叩く動作など衝撃的な動作の周波数は、50Hz以下、素早い動作でも100Hz程度である。従って、表1及び図4の結果によると、本変動荷重検出用シートを用い人の動作程度の周波数の変動荷重を測定するには、図3(a)に示す変動荷重検出回路の圧電フィルムの静電容量C(F)、合成抵抗R(Ω)についてRC>0.3(FΩ)とすればよいことが分かる。具体的には、電圧測定装置の内部抵抗は一般に1MΩ程度であるから、100cm2程度の圧電フィルム及び10MΩ程度の付加抵抗45を用いた変動荷重検出回路を構成すればよい。なお、付加抵抗45は変動荷重検出用シート100側に設けられるものであっても電圧検知装置40側に設けられるものであってもよい。 Table 1 shows the frequency of the fluctuating load or the impact load applied to the fluctuating load detection sheet when a person performs various operations. The frequency of the impact load was obtained from the above relational expression. According to Table 1, the frequency of human movements, such as repeated pressing with the fingertips and palms of humans, is about 3 to 10 Hz. , 50Hz or less, even about 100Hz even for quick operation. Therefore, according to the results of Table 1 and FIG. 4, in order to measure the fluctuating load at the frequency of the human movement using this fluctuating load detecting sheet, the piezoelectric film of the fluctuating load detecting circuit shown in FIG. It can be seen that the capacitance C (F) and the combined resistance R (Ω) should be RC> 0.3 (FΩ). Specifically, since the internal resistance of the voltage measuring device is generally about 1 MΩ, a variable load detection circuit using a piezoelectric film of about 100 cm 2 and an additional resistor 45 of about 10 MΩ may be configured. The additional resistor 45 may be provided on the variable load detection sheet 100 side or may be provided on the voltage detection device 40 side.

Figure 2006153842
Figure 2006153842

以上本発明に係る変動荷重検出用シート及びこれを用いた変動荷重検出回路について説明したが、本変動荷重検出用シートを用いて種々の形状の被測定物についてこれに負荷される種々の変動荷重を測定するには、上述の歪増幅部材15A、15Bの上に重ねて緩衝部材を設けるのがよい。また、さらにその緩衝部材を覆うカバー部材を設けるのがよい。   Although the variable load detection sheet and the variable load detection circuit using the variable load detection sheet according to the present invention have been described above, various variable loads applied to various shapes of objects to be measured using the variable load detection sheet. In order to measure the above, it is preferable to provide a buffer member over the strain amplification members 15A and 15B. Further, it is preferable to provide a cover member that covers the buffer member.

図6は、図1に示した変動荷重検出用シート100に上記に説明した緩衝部材及びカバー部材を設けた変動荷重検出用シート101の平面図及びそのAA断面図を示す。図6に示すように変動荷重検出用シート101は、変動荷重検出用シート100の上、すなわち歪増幅部材15A、15Bの上に重ねて緩衝部材20(20A、20B)が設けられ、さらに、緩衝部材20A、20Bを覆うカバー部材30が設けられている。   FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the variable load detection sheet 101 provided with the buffer member and the cover member described above on the variable load detection sheet 100 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the variable load detection sheet 101 is provided with a buffer member 20 (20A, 20B) on the variable load detection sheet 100, that is, on the strain amplifying members 15A, 15B. A cover member 30 that covers the members 20A and 20B is provided.

緩衝部材20は、被測定物がどんな性状や複雑な形状を有するものであっても変動荷重を有効に歪増幅部材15に伝達できるものであればよい。しかし、歪増幅部材15の面内歪みを拘束するような緩衝部材20は好ましくない。すなわち、粘着性を有する被測定物が長時間作用する場合であっても、粘着性のない被測定物が衝撃的に作用する場合であっても、あるいは凸凹の大きな被測定物が作用する場合であっても被測定物の性状や形状が測定結果に影響を与えないようにする機能を有するものであればよい。このためには、歪増幅部材15A、15Bとこれに接触する材料間の摩擦係数は常に同じであるのがよい。また、被測定物の凹凸が歪増幅部材15A、15Bに与える効果を緩和するようなものであるのがよい。   The buffer member 20 may be any member that can effectively transmit the fluctuating load to the strain amplifying member 15 regardless of the property or complicated shape of the object to be measured. However, the buffer member 20 that restrains the in-plane strain of the strain amplification member 15 is not preferable. In other words, even when an object to be measured having a sticky action is applied for a long time, an object to be measured having no adhesive action is to act impactively, or an object to be measured having a large unevenness acts. Even so long as it has a function to prevent the properties and shape of the object to be measured from affecting the measurement results. For this purpose, it is preferable that the coefficient of friction between the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B and the material in contact therewith is always the same. Further, it is preferable that the unevenness of the object to be measured eases the effect given to the strain amplifying members 15A and 15B.

そのような機能を有する緩衝部材20としては、歪増幅部材15よりも低弾性率の弾性体、特にヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体、例えば、スポンジゴム、セルスポンジなど各種ゴムの発泡系素材を使用することができる。この場合、緩衝部材20の厚さは3〜30mmとするのが好ましく、凹凸の大きな形状の被測定物ほど厚い緩衝部材20を用いるのがよい。   As the buffer member 20 having such a function, an elastic body having a lower elastic modulus than the strain amplifying member 15, in particular, an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa, for example, a foaming system of various rubbers such as sponge rubber and cell sponge Material can be used. In this case, the thickness of the buffer member 20 is preferably 3 to 30 mm, and it is better to use the buffer member 20 that is thicker as the object to be measured has a larger unevenness.

また、緩衝部材20は、変動荷重を効果的に歪増幅部材15に伝達し、かつ歪増幅部材15の面内歪みに影響を与えないよう、歪増幅部材15の上に載置されているのがよい。このため、図7に示すように、変動荷重が負荷される側の緩衝部材20の歪増幅部材15と接する面に凹凸部21を設けるのが好ましい。この凹凸部21は緩衝部材20を加工することによって設けてもよく、凹凸のある物体、例えば市販品の滑り止め網目シート(カーボーイ社製)を緩衝部材20と歪増幅部材15との間に挟み込むようにして設けてもよい。   The buffer member 20 is placed on the strain amplifying member 15 so as to effectively transmit the fluctuating load to the strain amplifying member 15 and not affect the in-plane strain of the strain amplifying member 15. Is good. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable to provide the uneven part 21 in the surface which contact | connects the distortion amplification member 15 of the buffer member 20 by the side of a variable load. The uneven portion 21 may be provided by processing the buffer member 20, and an uneven object, for example, a commercially available non-slip mesh sheet (manufactured by Cowboy Co., Ltd.) is sandwiched between the buffer member 20 and the strain amplifying member 15. You may provide in this way.

さらに、緩衝部材20として、潤滑部材を塗布又はしみ込ませた紙、布帛、フェルトを使用することができる。この場合は、紙、布帛、フェルトにより上記機能を発揮させることができるので、変動荷重検出用シート101の全体の厚みを薄くできるという効果がある。潤滑部材としては、例えば、機械油、天ぷら油、ブレーキ油、ワセリン又はグリース等を使用することができる。変動荷重検出用シート101の使用環境にもよるが、低粘度の潤滑剤、例えば機械油がよい。   Furthermore, as the buffer member 20, paper, fabric, or felt on which a lubricating member is applied or soaked can be used. In this case, since the above function can be exhibited by paper, cloth, and felt, there is an effect that the entire thickness of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101 can be reduced. As the lubricating member, for example, machine oil, tempura oil, brake oil, petroleum jelly or grease can be used. Although depending on the usage environment of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101, a low-viscosity lubricant such as machine oil is preferable.

図8に変動荷重検出用シート100の上、すなわち歪増幅部材15の上に重ねて機械油をしみ込ませた紙からなる緩衝部材20A、20Bが設けられ、さらに、緩衝部材20A、20Bを覆うカバー部材30が設けられた変動荷重検出用シート101の例を示す。また図9に、機械油をしみ込ませた紙からなる緩衝部材20A、20Bの上にさらに上記に示すスポンジゴム等からなる緩衝部材20C、20Dを重ね、これらを包み込むカバー部材30が設けられた変動荷重検出用シート101の例を示す。   8 is provided with buffer members 20A and 20B made of paper that is soaked with machine oil on the variable load detection sheet 100, that is, the strain amplification member 15, and further covers the buffer members 20A and 20B. An example of the variable load detection sheet 101 provided with the member 30 is shown. Further, FIG. 9 shows a variation in which a buffer member 20C, 20D made of sponge rubber or the like as described above is further stacked on the buffer members 20A, 20B made of paper soaked with machine oil, and a cover member 30 for wrapping them is provided. An example of the load detection sheet 101 is shown.

また、緩衝部材20として、歪増幅部材15に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるものを使用することができる。潤滑部材として、例えば、機械油、天ぷら油、ブレーキ油、ワセリン又はグリース等を使用することができ、それらの潤滑部材は、フィルム面に塗膜又は層状に形成されたものであっても、また、歪増幅部材15表面上に形成された塗膜又は層であってもよい。さらに、潤滑部材は、歪増幅部材15とフィルム間に形成されたオイルだめのようなものであっても、負荷を受けたときオイル層が飛び散ってダンパ効果を生じるようなことがないものであればよい。すなわち、歪増幅部材15とフィルム間に低摩擦係数を有し変動荷重を有効に歪増幅部材15に伝達できるような潤滑部材が存在し、その潤滑部材の揮発あるいは漏れ等を防止するフィルムから構成される緩衝部材であればよい。なお、フィルムの材質等の特性は特に限定されないが、歪増幅部材15や潤滑部材との材質関係を考慮して適切なものを選択すればよい。入手の便、経済性等を考慮すれば、例えば、フィルム厚さが20〜60μmのポリエチレンフィルムがよい。   Further, the buffer member 20 may be made of a film having a lubricating member on the surface in contact with the strain amplifying member 15. As the lubricating member, for example, machine oil, tempura oil, brake oil, petrolatum or grease can be used, and those lubricating members may be formed in a film or layer on the film surface, Alternatively, a coating film or a layer formed on the surface of the strain amplifying member 15 may be used. Further, even if the lubricating member is an oil sump formed between the strain amplifying member 15 and the film, the oil layer will not scatter and cause a damper effect when subjected to a load. That's fine. In other words, there is a lubricating member that has a low coefficient of friction between the strain amplifying member 15 and the film and that can effectively transmit the fluctuating load to the strain amplifying member 15, and is composed of a film that prevents volatilization or leakage of the lubricating member. Any buffer member may be used. The characteristics such as the material of the film are not particularly limited, but an appropriate material may be selected in consideration of the material relationship with the strain amplifying member 15 and the lubricating member. Considering convenience of availability, economy, etc., for example, a polyethylene film having a film thickness of 20 to 60 μm is preferable.

図10は、歪増幅部材15に接触する面に潤滑油塗膜を有するフィルムからなる緩衝部材20で変動荷重検出用シート100を覆い、さらにその上からカバー部材30で覆って構成した変動荷重検出用シート101の例を示す。フィルムは図10に示すように密封されているのがよい。この場合は全体厚さの薄い変動荷重検出用シート101を作成することができるばかりでなく、その製造工程を機械化しやすいという効果がある。なお、本例の場合も図9の場合と同様、さらにスポンジゴム等からなる緩衝部材20C、20Dを設けることができる。   FIG. 10 shows the variable load detection in which the variable load detection sheet 100 is covered with a buffer member 20 made of a film having a lubricating oil coating on the surface in contact with the strain amplification member 15 and further covered with a cover member 30 from above. An example of the sheet 101 for use is shown. The film may be sealed as shown in FIG. In this case, not only can the variable load detection sheet 101 having a small overall thickness be produced, but also the manufacturing process can be easily mechanized. In the case of this example, as in the case of FIG. 9, buffer members 20C and 20D made of sponge rubber or the like can be further provided.

上記に説明した緩衝部材20の種々の形態は、使用環境や使用目的に合わせ適切なものを選択する必要があるが、このような緩衝部材20を用いることによって、被測定物と歪増幅部材15が直接接する場合に被測定物と歪増幅部材15との間の摩擦力により歪増幅部材15の面内変形が妨げられるような不都合を防止することができる。また、例えば人の5本の指で変動荷重を与えるような複雑な又凹凸の大きな形状の被測定物であっても圧電フィルム10の局部的な変形を防止し、正確な変動荷重を測定することができる。   Various types of the buffer member 20 described above need to be selected in accordance with the use environment and the purpose of use. By using such a buffer member 20, the object to be measured and the strain amplification member 15 can be selected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that the in-plane deformation of the strain amplifying member 15 is hindered by the frictional force between the object to be measured and the strain amplifying member 15. Further, for example, even if the object to be measured has a complicated shape with large irregularities and gives a fluctuating load with five human fingers, local deformation of the piezoelectric film 10 is prevented and an accurate fluctuating load is measured. be able to.

以上説明したように、緩衝部材20は上記に説明した機能が要求されるものであるから、常に一定の効果を発揮させるように緩衝部材20を保護するカバー部材30を設けるのがよい。例えばカバー部材30は、緩衝部材20が変形しやすいものである場合は、緩衝部材20の変形に容易に追従し、かつそれ自身変形しないものであるものがよい。また、カバー部材30は、被測定物が緩衝部材20に接触して損傷を与えるのを防止できるものであるのがよい。   As described above, since the buffer member 20 is required to have the function described above, it is preferable to provide the cover member 30 that protects the buffer member 20 so as to always exhibit a certain effect. For example, when the buffer member 20 is easily deformed, the cover member 30 is preferably one that easily follows the deformation of the buffer member 20 and does not deform itself. Further, the cover member 30 is preferably capable of preventing the object to be measured from coming into contact with the buffer member 20 and causing damage.

そのようなカバー部材30として、天然繊維あるいは人工繊維の織物、動物の皮や人工皮革、樹脂シートまたはゴムシートからなるものを使用することができる。なかでも帆布が好ましい。なお、カバー部材30は例えば袋状に作製して、変動荷重検出用シート100及び緩衝部材20A、20Bをその中に収納して変動荷重検出用シート101を構成するならば、簡単に持ち運びができ容易に変動荷重検出装置を構成することができる。また、必要に応じて効果の異なる緩衝部材20、あるいは変動荷重検出用シート100を取り替えて変動荷重を測定する装置を構成することができる。   As such a cover member 30, a material made of natural fiber or artificial fiber fabric, animal skin or artificial leather, a resin sheet or a rubber sheet can be used. Of these, canvas is preferable. The cover member 30 can be easily carried, for example, if it is made in a bag shape and the variable load detection sheet 100 and the buffer members 20A and 20B are housed therein to form the variable load detection sheet 101. A fluctuating load detection device can be configured easily. In addition, it is possible to configure an apparatus for measuring a fluctuating load by replacing the shock absorbing member 20 or the fluctuating load detecting sheet 100 having different effects as required.

なお、被測定物、変動荷重の種類及び荷重の大きさの程度等が予め分かっている場合は、変動荷重検出用シートに緩衝部材20を用いないものとすることができるが、そのような場合にも変動荷重検出用シートは上記カバー部材30を用いたものとするのが好ましい。   If the object to be measured, the type of variable load, the magnitude of the load, etc. are known in advance, the buffer member 20 may not be used for the variable load detection sheet. In addition, the variable load detection sheet preferably uses the cover member 30.

図6に示す変動荷重検出用シート101を用いて図3(a)の変動荷重検出回路を構成し、変動荷重の大きさ、その変化状態等の測定試験を行った。試験は、図11に示すように、変動荷重検出用シート101をロードセル50の荷重受け台55の上に置いて、変動荷重検出用シート101の上面に種々の変動荷重を負荷して変動荷重検出用シート101による出力電圧Voutを電圧検知装置40により記録するとともに、同時にロードセル50による出力波形を記録することにより行った。なお、荷重受け台55は一辺が30cmの正方形で厚さ3mmのアルミ板に合板を接着したものを用いた。 The variable load detection circuit shown in FIG. 3A was configured using the variable load detection sheet 101 shown in FIG. 6, and a measurement test of the magnitude of the variable load, its change state, etc. was performed. In the test, as shown in FIG. 11, the variable load detection sheet 101 is placed on the load receiving base 55 of the load cell 50 and various variable loads are loaded on the upper surface of the variable load detection sheet 101 to detect the variable load. The output voltage V out from the sheet 101 was recorded by the voltage detection device 40 and simultaneously the output waveform from the load cell 50 was recorded. The load pedestal 55 was a square with a side of 30 cm and a plywood bonded to an aluminum plate with a thickness of 3 mm.

変動荷重検出用シート101の構成は以下の通りである。圧電フィルム10は静電容量Cが3.1×10-7Fである、一辺が26cmの正方形で厚さが40μmのPVDFを用い、両面にアルミの蒸着電極11を設けた。歪増幅部材15は、一辺27cmの正方形で厚さが1mm、ゴム硬度が約50のシリコンゴム板を用いた。シリコンゴム板は、圧電フィルム10の全面にわたるように、圧電フィルム10の両面にシリコン樹脂で接着した。配線18は導電性粘着剤付き金属箔テープに電気配線を半田付けし、金属箔テープの粘着剤面を電極15に粘着で取付けた。配線18の取付部はシリコン樹脂で固定した。 The configuration of the variable load detection sheet 101 is as follows. The piezoelectric film 10 was made of PVDF having a capacitance C of 3.1 × 10 −7 F, a square of 26 cm on a side and a thickness of 40 μm, and provided with aluminum vapor deposition electrodes 11 on both sides. As the strain amplifying member 15, a silicon rubber plate having a square with a side of 27 cm, a thickness of 1 mm, and a rubber hardness of about 50 was used. The silicon rubber plate was bonded to both surfaces of the piezoelectric film 10 with silicon resin so as to cover the entire surface of the piezoelectric film 10. For the wiring 18, the electrical wiring was soldered to a metal foil tape with a conductive adhesive, and the adhesive surface of the metal foil tape was attached to the electrode 15 with adhesive. The mounting portion of the wiring 18 was fixed with silicon resin.

緩衝部材20は、一辺が28mの正方形で厚さ10mmのセルスポンジを用いた。さらに、変動荷重を負荷する側の緩衝部材20と歪増幅部材15との間には、厚さ約2.5mmの発泡ゴム系の滑り止め網目シート(カーボーイ社製)を設けた。カバー部材30は帆布を用い、袋形状にした。上記圧電フィルム10等を袋状のカバー部材30に収納し、配線18はカバー部材30から引き出して変動荷重検出用シート101を構成した。その変動荷重検出用シート101は、一辺が約30cmの正方形で厚さが約25mmであった。   As the buffer member 20, a cell sponge having a square shape with a side of 28 m and a thickness of 10 mm was used. Further, a foamed rubber-based non-slip mesh sheet (made by Cowboy Co., Ltd.) having a thickness of about 2.5 mm was provided between the shock-absorbing member 20 and the strain amplifying member 15 on the side where the variable load is applied. The cover member 30 was made of a canvas and formed into a bag shape. The piezoelectric film 10 and the like were accommodated in a bag-like cover member 30, and the wiring 18 was pulled out from the cover member 30 to constitute a fluctuating load detection sheet 101. The fluctuating load detection sheet 101 was a square having a side of about 30 cm and a thickness of about 25 mm.

電圧検知装置40は、電圧記録計(内部抵抗1MΩのNEC三栄製オムニエース)を用いた。なお、本変動荷重検出回路においては、その合成抵抗Rと静電容量Cの乗数RCが0.3(FΩ)以上となるので、付加抵抗45(R1)は使用しなかった。ロードセル50は、容量200kgのものを用いた。 As the voltage detector 40, a voltage recorder (NEC Sanei Omniace with an internal resistance of 1 MΩ) was used. In this fluctuating load detection circuit, since the multiplier RC of the combined resistance R and the capacitance C is 0.3 (FΩ) or more, the additional resistance 45 (R 1 ) is not used. A load cell 50 having a capacity of 200 kg was used.

図12は、厚さ5mmで表面積が10cm2、25cm2、50cm2、100cm2及び400cm2の矩形の樹脂板をそれぞれ変動荷重検出用シート101の上に置き、さらにその樹脂板の上に手のひらサイズ(10cm×10cm)の樹脂板を重ねて、その上を手のひらで繰返し押す試験(周波数約5Hz)と、拳で叩く試験(周波数約50Hz)を行った結果を示すグラフである。横軸のロードセルの荷重P0は、図13に示すように変動荷重の場合は荷重振幅P01、衝撃荷重の場合はピーク荷重P02を示す。縦軸の出力電圧Voutは、図13に示すように変動荷重の場合は荷重振幅P1、衝撃荷重の場合はピーク荷重P2を示す。なお、周波数とは、上述したように図13に示す変動荷重の場合の周期T1、衝撃荷重の場合の周期T2より求められるf1、f2(f1=1/T1、f2=1/4T2)を示す。 In FIG. 12, rectangular resin plates having a thickness of 5 mm and surface areas of 10 cm 2 , 25 cm 2 , 50 cm 2 , 100 cm 2 and 400 cm 2 are respectively placed on the variable load detection sheet 101 and the palm is placed on the resin plate. It is a graph which shows the result of having done the test (frequency about 5Hz) which piles up the resin board of size (10cm x 10cm), and repeatedly pushes on it with the palm, and the test which strikes with a fist (frequency about 50Hz). As shown in FIG. 13, the load P 0 of the load cell on the horizontal axis indicates a load amplitude P 01 in the case of a variable load and a peak load P 02 in the case of an impact load. As shown in FIG. 13, the output voltage V out on the vertical axis indicates the load amplitude P 1 in the case of a variable load, and the peak load P 2 in the case of an impact load. The frequency is f 1 , f 2 (f 1 = 1 / T 1 , f 2) obtained from the cycle T 1 in the case of the fluctuating load and the cycle T 2 in the case of the impact load, as described above. = 1 / 4T 2 ).

図12によると、荷重負荷面積の大小によらず出力電圧Voutはロードセルの荷重P0と比例関係にあることがわかる。また、手のひらで繰返し押す場合と拳で叩く場合の両者の荷重速度(周波数f)は相当異なるにもかかわらず、それぞれ出力電圧Voutとロードセルの荷重P0との間の比例定数はほぼ等しく、これらの動作による変動荷重Pは、P=k0Voutにより表されることが分かる。 According to FIG. 12, it can be seen that the output voltage V out is proportional to the load P 0 of the load cell regardless of the load area. Further, a loading rate (frequency f) of both when striking when a fist pressing repeatedly the palm Despite considerable different, the proportionality constant between the respective output voltage V out and the load P 0 of the load cell is substantially equal, It can be seen that the fluctuating load P due to these operations is represented by P = k 0 V out .

図13は、図12に説明した100cm2の樹脂板を用いて手のひらで繰返し押す試験と、拳で叩く試験を行ったときの変動荷重検出用シート101による出力電圧Voutの変化状態とロードセル50によるロードセルの荷重P0の変化状態とを対比して表したものである。図13(a)が手のひらで繰り返し押したときの結果、図13(b)が拳で叩いたときの結果を示す。横軸は時間t(ms)、縦軸は出力電圧Vout(V)、又はロードセルの荷重P0(kg)を示す。曲線sは出力電圧Voutを示し、曲線rはロードセルの荷重P0を示す。図13によると、手のひらで繰り返し押したときの出力電圧Voutの波形とロードセルの荷重P0の波形はよく一致している。拳で叩いたときの出力電圧Voutの波形とロードセルの荷重P0の波形もほぼ一致している。なお、ロードセルの荷重P0の波形は、緩衝部材20により衝撃荷重のロードセル50への伝達が圧電フィルム10への伝達より遅れるため、出力電圧Voutの波形よりも少し位相が遅れている。 FIG. 13 shows the change state of the output voltage Vout by the load 101 and the load cell 50 when the test is repeatedly performed with the palm using the 100 cm 2 resin plate described in FIG. 12 and the test with the fist. This is a comparison with the change state of the load P 0 of the load cell. FIG. 13 (a) shows the result when the palm is repeatedly pressed, and FIG. 13 (b) shows the result when the fist is struck. The horizontal axis represents time t (ms), and the vertical axis represents the output voltage V out (V) or the load P 0 (kg) of the load cell. A curve s shows the output voltage V out and a curve r shows the load P 0 of the load cell. According to FIG 13, the waveform and the waveform of the load P 0 of the load cell of the output voltage V out when pressing repeatedly palm are in good agreement. The waveform of the output voltage V out when hit with a fist and the waveform of the load P 0 of the load cell are almost the same. The waveform of the load cell load P 0 is slightly delayed in phase from the waveform of the output voltage V out because the buffer member 20 transmits the impact load to the load cell 50 later than the transmission to the piezoelectric film 10.

図14は、表1に示す人の各種動作を行った場合(f=3〜125Hz)と、鞭(1mの竹の物差し)で叩いた場合(f=300Hz)の出力電圧Voutをロードセルの荷重P0に対してプロットした結果を示す。図14によると、人の各種動作程度の荷重速度では荷重速度による影響は見られず、人の各種動作による変動荷重Pは、P=k0Vout(k0は定数)により表されることが分かる。しかし、鞭で叩いた場合は荷重速度の影響が見られ、変動荷重Pは、P=k1Vout(k1>k0)により表される。これは、荷重速度が速くなると緩衝部材20のダンパー効果をロードセル50が圧電フィルム10よりもより多く受けるからである。 FIG. 14 shows the output voltage V out of the load cell when performing various human actions shown in Table 1 (f = 3 to 125 Hz) and when struck with a whip (1 m bamboo ruler) (f = 300 Hz). The result plotted against the load P 0 is shown. According to FIG. 14, there is no influence due to the load speed at the load speed of various human movements, and the variable load P due to the various human movements is expressed by P = k 0 V out (k 0 is a constant). I understand. However, when it is struck with a whip, the influence of the load speed is observed, and the variable load P is expressed by P = k 1 V out (k 1 > k 0 ). This is because the load cell 50 receives more of the damper effect of the buffer member 20 than the piezoelectric film 10 as the load speed increases.

図15は図14の拳で叩いた場合、肘打ちの場合及び鞭で叩いた場合の出力電圧Voutの時間tにおける変化状態を示す。拳で叩いた場合、特に鞭で叩いた場合の減衰曲線はマイナス側に振動する部分がある。これは、高速な衝撃荷重になると変動荷重検出用シートがその厚さ方向に伸び縮みしていることを示している。 FIG. 15 shows a change state of the output voltage Vout at time t when the fist of FIG. 14 is struck, when the elbow is struck and when the lash is struck. When struck with a fist, especially when struck with a whip, there is a portion that vibrates on the minus side. This indicates that the variable load detection sheet expands and contracts in the thickness direction when the impact load is high.

変動荷重検出用シート101の緩衝部材20に、図10に示すような歪増幅部材15に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるものを用いた変動荷重検出用シート101に種々の負荷を与え、図14の場合と同様な方法で変動荷重検出用シート101の出力電圧を測定した。   Various loads are applied to the variable load detecting sheet 101 using the shock absorbing member 20 of the variable load detecting sheet 101 made of a film having a lubricating member on the surface in contact with the strain amplifying member 15 as shown in FIG. The output voltage of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101 was measured by the same method as in FIG.

試験結果を図16に示す。図16は、図14と同様に人の各種動作を行った場合の出力電圧Voutをロードセルの荷重P0に対してプロットした結果を示す。なお、この場合は、軟式テニスボールあるいは硬式テニスボール等を介して負荷を与える場合についても同様に試験を行った。また、図17に、図16に示した動作の中で拳で繰返し押した場合の出力電圧の時間変化及びロードセルの荷重の時間変化を示す。実線は変動荷重検出用シート101の出力電圧曲線を示し、破線はロードセルの荷重曲線を示す。この変動荷重検出用シート101によると、図16から分かるように、ロードセルの荷重P0と圧電フィルムの出力電圧Voutの関係に良い比例関係が見られ、また、図17から分かるように、ロードセルの波形と出力電圧の波形がよく一致している。 The test results are shown in FIG. FIG. 16 shows the result of plotting the output voltage Vout against the load P 0 of the load cell when various human operations are performed as in FIG. In this case, the same test was performed for a case where a load was applied via a soft tennis ball or a hard tennis ball. FIG. 17 shows the time change of the output voltage and the time change of the load of the load cell when it is repeatedly pressed with a fist in the operation shown in FIG. The solid line shows the output voltage curve of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101, and the broken line shows the load curve of the load cell. According to this variable load detection sheet 101, as can be seen from FIG. 16, there is a good proportional relationship between the load P 0 of the load cell and the output voltage V out of the piezoelectric film, and as can be seen from FIG. The waveform of and the waveform of the output voltage are in good agreement.

なお、本試験に用いた変動荷重検出用シート101の構成、試験条件等は以下の通りであった。すなわち、一辺が10cmの正方形の厚さ40μmのPVDFからなる圧電フィルム10を用い、その上に厚さ1mmのシリコンゴム板を歪増幅部材15として接着し、全体厚さが2.2〜2.3mm、一辺が10.4cmの正方形の変動荷重検出用シート100を作成した。この変動荷重検出用シート100の両面に低粘度のオイル(市販のミシンオイル)を塗り、これを市販のポリエチレンの袋に入れ、その中の空気を抜き密封して歪増幅部材15を包み込むように緩衝部材20を設けた。さらに、それを厚さ1mmの天然黒ゴムのカバー部材に包み込み、全体厚さが約4.5mmの変動荷重検出用シート101を作成した。   The configuration, test conditions, etc. of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101 used in this test were as follows. That is, a piezoelectric film 10 made of PVDF with a thickness of 10 μm and a square of 40 μm is used, and a 1 mm thick silicon rubber plate is adhered thereon as a strain amplifying member 15, and the overall thickness is 2.2 to 2.3 mm. A variable load detection sheet 100 having a square of 10.4 cm was prepared. Apply low-viscosity oil (commercial sewing machine oil) on both sides of this variable load detection sheet 100, put it in a commercially available polyethylene bag, evacuate the air inside and seal it so as to wrap the strain amplifying member 15 A buffer member 20 was provided. Further, it was wrapped in a cover member of natural black rubber having a thickness of 1 mm, and a variable load detection sheet 101 having an overall thickness of about 4.5 mm was produced.

この変動荷重検出用シート101を用い、図11に示す方法で試験を行った。変動荷重検出用シート101の出力電圧の測定は、実施例1の場合と同じ電圧検知装置40を用いた。本電圧検知装置40の電気回路は、図18に示すように、1μFのコンデンサを並列に接続し、C5なる付加静電容量46を設けている。この付加静電容量C5を設けることにより、圧電フィルムの表面積を増やしたのと同様な効果を得ることができる。したがって、この付加静電容量C5は、測定環境から変動荷重検出用シート101のサイズを小さくしなければならない場合に有効である。付加静電容量C5を設けることにより、変動荷重検出用シート101の変動荷重検出回路においてR×(C+C5)>0.3、R=R1+R2なる関係が満たされる限り上述の変動荷重検出用シート100と同等の感度で歪みを測定することができる。 Using this fluctuating load detection sheet 101, a test was performed by the method shown in FIG. For the measurement of the output voltage of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101, the same voltage detection device 40 as in Example 1 was used. Electrical circuit of the voltage detecting device 40, as shown in FIG. 18, to connect the 1μF capacitor in parallel, are provided C 5 comprising the additional capacitance 46. By providing this additional capacitance C 5, it is possible to obtain the same effect as increasing the surface area of the piezoelectric film. Therefore, the additional capacitance C 5 is effective when the size of the fluctuating load detection sheet 101 must be reduced from the measurement environment. By providing the additional capacitance C 5, R × in fluctuating load detecting circuit fluctuation load detecting sheet 101 (C + C 5)> 0.3, the above-mentioned variation as long as R = R 1 + R 2 the relationship is satisfied Strain can be measured with the same sensitivity as the load detection sheet 100.

上記において、静電容量C(F)はC=C1+C2で、圧電フィルム10の静電容量を示す。C1、C2、R2は図3に示すものと同様にそれぞれ、圧電フィルム10の圧縮変動荷重が負荷される部分の静電容量、圧電フィルム10の圧縮変動荷重が負荷されない部分の静電容量、電圧検知装置40の内部抵抗を示す。付加静電容量C5は、変動荷重検出用シート101側の電気回路内に設けてもよく、電圧検知装置40側の電気回路内に設けてもよい。なお、本変動荷重検出回路において、図3に示すものと同様に付加抵抗R1を設けることができるが、上記試験においては付加抵抗を設けなかった。 In the above, the capacitance C (F) is C = C 1 + C 2 and indicates the capacitance of the piezoelectric film 10. C 1 , C 2 , and R 2 are the capacitance of the portion of the piezoelectric film 10 where the compression variation load is applied and the capacitance of the portion of the piezoelectric film 10 where the compression variation load is not applied, as shown in FIG. The capacitance and the internal resistance of the voltage detection device 40 are shown. The additional capacitance C 5 may be provided in the electric circuit on the variable load detection sheet 101 side, or may be provided in the electric circuit on the voltage detection device 40 side. In the fluctuating load detection circuit, an additional resistor R 1 can be provided in the same manner as that shown in FIG. 3, but no additional resistor was provided in the above test.

上記の実施例1の変動荷重検出用シート101を用いた変動荷重検出装置により、図19に示すように乗用車の運転座席の下に座布団のように変動荷重検出用シート101を敷いて、その上に運転者(体重約75kg)が座り、土のでこぼこ道からアスファルト道路に変化する道路を走行したときの変動荷重波形を求める試験を行った。比較のため、運転座席下部の樹脂製の座席構成部材に、上下方向の加速度を検出する加速度センサー110(東京測器株式会社製AFR-50A)を取り付けた加速度測定装置により加速度αを測定した。加速度αは、出力電圧Voutと同じ時間タイミングで測定した。上記測定のための電源は自動車用インバータ電源を使用した。 With the variable load detection device using the variable load detection sheet 101 of Example 1 above, the variable load detection sheet 101 is laid like a cushion under the driver's seat of the passenger car as shown in FIG. A test was conducted to find the fluctuating load waveform when a driver (weight approximately 75 kg) sat down and traveled on a road that changed from a rough bumpy road to an asphalt road. For comparison, the acceleration α was measured by an acceleration measuring device in which an acceleration sensor 110 (AFR-50A manufactured by Tokyo Sokki Co., Ltd.) for detecting vertical acceleration was attached to a resin seat constituent member below the driver seat. The acceleration α was measured at the same time timing as the output voltage Vout . The power source for the measurement was an inverter power source for automobiles.

測定結果を図20に示す。図20(a)は、上記変動荷重検出装置により測定した出力電圧Voutの時間tにおける変化状態を示す。図20(b)は、上記加速度測定装置により測定した加速度αの時間tにおける変化状態を示す。図20によると、出力電圧Voutの波形と加速度αの波形は似ており、尻部の変動荷重の大きさや周波数等の変動荷重に関する特性を上記変動荷重検出装置により簡単に測定できることがわかる。すなわち、このような変動荷重測定装置により、例えば、乗用車が追突し乗員がダッシュボードに衝突して受ける衝撃荷重等、種々の変動荷重及び衝撃荷重を容易に測定することができる。また、本変動荷重測定装置を、種々の車の乗り心地解析装置等に応用することができる。なお、図20において、出力電圧Voutの波形と加速度αの波形が少し異なるのは、加速度センサー110が剛性のある樹脂製の座席構成部材に固定されているのに対して、変動荷重検出用シート101がクッションのある座席の上に置かれていること、及び運転者の身体動揺による効果が両者で異なること等が影響しているためである。 The measurement results are shown in FIG. FIG. 20A shows a change state at time t of the output voltage Vout measured by the fluctuating load detection device. FIG. 20B shows a change state of the acceleration α measured by the acceleration measuring device at time t. According to FIG. 20, the waveform of the output voltage Vout and the waveform of the acceleration α are similar, and it can be seen that the characteristics relating to the variable load such as the magnitude and frequency of the variable load at the bottom can be easily measured by the variable load detection device. That is, with such a fluctuating load measuring device, it is possible to easily measure various fluctuating loads and shock loads, such as an impact load that a passenger car collides with and impacts on a dashboard. In addition, the fluctuating load measuring device can be applied to various vehicle riding comfort analysis devices and the like. In FIG. 20, the waveform of the output voltage Vout and the waveform of the acceleration α are slightly different because the acceleration sensor 110 is fixed to a rigid resin seat constituent member, whereas the variable load detection is used. This is because the seat 101 is placed on a seat with a cushion, and the effect of the driver's body shaking is different between the two.

本発明に係る変動荷重検出用シートの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the sheet | seat for a fluctuation | variation load detection which concerns on this invention. 図1の変動荷重検出用シートが圧縮変動荷重を受ける場合の変形状態を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining a deformation | transformation state in case the sheet | seat for fluctuating load of FIG. 1 receives a compression fluctuating load. 本発明に係る変動荷重検出回路の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the fluctuation load detection circuit which concerns on this invention. 図3の回路で測定される出力電圧に及ぼす圧電フィルムの静電容量、回路の合成抵抗、変動荷重の周波数の影響を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the influence of the electrostatic capacitance of a piezoelectric film, the synthetic | combination resistance of a circuit, and the frequency of a fluctuation load on the output voltage measured by the circuit of FIG. 変動荷重又は衝撃荷重の周期を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining the period of a fluctuating load or an impact load. 本発明に係る他の変動荷重検出用シートの平面図及びAA断面図である。It is the top view and AA sectional view of other sheets for change load detection concerning the present invention. 緩衝部材の他の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other structure of a buffer member. 緩衝部材の他の2の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows other 2 structures of a buffer member. 緩衝部材の他の3の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other 3 structures of a buffer member. 緩衝部材の他の4の構造を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the other 4 structures of a buffer member. 変動荷重検出用シート及びロードセルを用いて変動荷重、衝撃荷重を測定する測定装置の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the measuring apparatus which measures a fluctuating load and an impact load using a fluctuating load detection sheet and a load cell. 変動荷重検出用シートへの変動荷重作用面積を種々変えて変動荷重を測定した結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of having changed the variable load action area to the variable load detection sheet, and having measured the variable load. 図12の100cm2の樹脂板を用いて手のひらで繰返し押したときと、拳で叩いたときの出力電圧Voutの変化状態とロードセルの荷重P0の変化状態とを示すグラフである。As pressing repeatedly palm using a resin plate of 100 cm 2 of FIG. 12 is a graph showing a change in state of the load P 0 changes state and the load cell output voltage V out when tapped fist. 変動荷重又は衝撃荷重を、変動荷重検出用シートを用いて測定した結果と、ロードセルを用いて測定した結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of having measured the fluctuating load or the impact load using the sheet | seat for fluctuating load detection, and the result of having measured using the load cell. 図14の拳で叩いたときと、肘打ちの場合及び鞭で叩いたときの出力電圧Voutの時間tにおける変化状態を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change state in time t of the output voltage Vout at the time of hitting with the fist of FIG. 変動荷重又は衝撃荷重を、図14の場合と緩衝部材の構造が異なる変動荷重検出用シートを用いて測定した結果と、ロードセルを用いて測定した結果を比較して示すグラフである。It is a graph which compares and shows the result of having measured the variable load or the impact load using the sheet | seat for variable load detection from which the structure of a buffer member differs in the case of FIG. 14, and the load cell. 図16の動作の中で拳で繰返し押した場合の出力電圧の時間変化及びロードセルの荷重の時間変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the time change of the output voltage at the time of pushing repeatedly with a fist in the operation | movement of FIG. 16, and the time change of the load of a load cell. 図16の試験を行った試験装置の電気回路図である。FIG. 17 is an electric circuit diagram of a test apparatus that has performed the test of FIG. 16. 乗用車の運転者が運転中に尻部に受ける変動荷重を、変動荷重検出用シートを用いて測定する場合と、加速度センサーを用いて測定する場合の様子を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a mode when the driver | operator of a passenger car measures the fluctuation | variation load which a driver | operator receives to a bottom part using a fluctuation | variation load detection sheet | seat, and an acceleration sensor. 図19の試験結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the test result of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

10 圧電フィルム
11、11A、11B 電極
13 接着剤
15、15A、15B 歪増幅部材
18、18A、18B 配線
20、20A、20B、20C、20D 緩衝部材
21 凹凸部
30 カバー部材
40 電圧検知装置
45 付加抵抗
46 付加静電容量
50 ロードセル
55 荷重受け台
100、101 変動荷重検出用シート
110 加速度センサー
10 Piezoelectric film
11, 11A, 11B electrode
13 Adhesive
15, 15A, 15B Strain amplification member
18, 18A, 18B wiring
20, 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D cushioning member
21 Concavity and convexity
30 Cover member
40 Voltage detector
45 Additional resistance
46 Additional capacitance
50 load cells
55 Load cradle
100, 101 Fluctuating load detection sheet
110 Accelerometer

Claims (17)

圧電フィルムと、該圧電フィルムの両面に設けられた一対の電極と、該電極上に設けられた歪増幅部材とからなり、
前記歪増幅部材は前記圧電フィルムのヤング率よりも小さいヤング率を有する弾性体であることを特徴とする変動荷重検出用シート。
A piezoelectric film, a pair of electrodes provided on both sides of the piezoelectric film, and a strain amplification member provided on the electrodes,
The variable load detection sheet, wherein the strain amplification member is an elastic body having a Young's modulus smaller than that of the piezoelectric film.
歪増幅部材としての弾性体は、ヤング率が1〜10MPaであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The elastic body as the strain amplifying member has a Young's modulus of 1 to 10 MPa, and the fluctuating load detection sheet according to claim 1. 歪増幅部材としての弾性体は、シリコンゴム、天然ゴム又は合成ゴムのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   2. The variable load detection sheet according to claim 1, wherein the elastic body as the strain amplification member is any one of silicon rubber, natural rubber, and synthetic rubber. 歪増幅部材の上に重ねて緩衝部材が設けられてなる請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The variable load detection sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a buffer member is provided on the strain amplification member. 緩衝部材は、ヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなるものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The variable load detection sheet according to claim 4, wherein the buffer member is made of an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa. 緩衝部材は、スポンジゴム、またはセルスポンジであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   6. The fluctuating load detection sheet according to claim 5, wherein the buffer member is sponge rubber or cell sponge. 緩衝部材は、変動荷重が負荷される側の歪増幅部材と接する面に凹凸部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項4〜6のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The variable load detection sheet according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the buffer member is provided with a concavo-convex portion on a surface in contact with the strain amplification member on the variable load side. 緩衝部材は、潤滑部材を塗布又はしみ込ませた紙、布帛又はフェルトからなるものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   5. The fluctuating load detection sheet according to claim 4, wherein the buffer member is made of paper, fabric, or felt coated or impregnated with a lubricating member. 緩衝部材は、歪増幅部材に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The variable load detection sheet according to claim 4, wherein the buffer member is made of a film having a lubricating member on a surface in contact with the strain amplifying member. 潤滑部材を有するフィルムは、歪増幅部材に接触する面に低粘度の潤滑剤塗膜を有するフィルムであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   10. The fluctuating load detection sheet according to claim 9, wherein the film having a lubricating member is a film having a low-viscosity lubricant coating on the surface in contact with the strain amplifying member. 緩衝部材は、潤滑部材を塗布又はしみ込ませた紙、布帛又はフェルトからなるもの及びその上にヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなるものを重ねたものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The shock-absorbing member is a paper, fabric, or felt coated with a lubricating member, or a material on which an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa is superimposed. 5. The variable load detection sheet according to 4. 緩衝部材は、歪増幅部材に接触する面に潤滑部材を有するフィルムからなるもの及びその上にヤング率が0.2〜0.8MPaの弾性体からなるものを重ねたものであることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The shock-absorbing member is composed of a film having a lubricating member on the surface in contact with the strain-amplifying member and a material on which an elastic body having a Young's modulus of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa is stacked. 5. The variable load detection sheet according to 4. 変動荷重検出用シートは可撓性のカバー部材で覆われてなる請求項1〜12のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The variable load detection sheet according to claim 1, wherein the variable load detection sheet is covered with a flexible cover member. 変動荷重検出用シートは、静電容量がC(F)なる圧電フィルムと電気抵抗がR(Ω)なる電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗とを有し、前記静電容量Cと電気抵抗Rの積RCが、RC>0.3なることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シート。   The fluctuating load detection sheet has a piezoelectric film having a capacitance of C (F) and an additional resistor connected in series to an electrode having an electric resistance of R (Ω), and the capacitance C and the electric resistance R The variable load detection sheet according to claim 1, wherein a product RC of RC is greater than 0.3. 請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シートを用いて構成され、該変動荷重検出用シート上に作用する変動荷重の垂直方向の大きさに応じて圧電フィルムに帯電された電荷量により発生する、変動荷重に比例した出力電圧を検出する変動荷重検出回路であって、
前記圧電フィルムの電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗を通して電圧検知装置と結線され、
前記圧電フィルムの静電容量C(F)、前記付加抵抗の電気抵抗R1(Ω)、前記電圧検知装置の内部抵抗R2(Ω)が下記の関係を満たすように構成されてなる変動荷重検出回路。
RC>0.3、R=R1+R2
An electric charge formed on the piezoelectric film according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and charged on the piezoelectric film in accordance with a vertical size of the variable load acting on the variable load detection sheet. A variable load detection circuit that detects an output voltage proportional to the variable load generated by the quantity,
Connected to the voltage detector through an additional resistor connected in series to the electrodes of the piezoelectric film,
Fluctuating load configured such that the capacitance C (F) of the piezoelectric film, the electric resistance R 1 (Ω) of the additional resistor, and the internal resistance R 2 (Ω) of the voltage detection device satisfy the following relationship: Detection circuit.
RC> 0.3, R = R 1 + R 2
変動荷重検出用シートは、静電容量が静電容量C(F)なる圧電フィルムと静電容量がC5(F)なる電極に並列に結線された付加静電容量と、電気抵抗がR(Ω)なる電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗とを有し、前記静電容量の和(C+C5)と電気抵抗Rの積R×(C+C5)が、R×(C+C5)>0.3なることを特徴とする請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シート。 The fluctuating load detection sheet has an additional capacitance connected in parallel to a piezoelectric film having a capacitance C (F) and an electrode having a capacitance C 5 (F), and an electric resistance R ( Ω) and an additional resistor connected in series, and the product R × (C + C 5 ) of the capacitance (C + C 5 ) and the electric resistance R is R × (C + C 5 )> 0.3 The fluctuating load detection sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 13. 請求項1〜13のいずれかに記載の変動荷重検出用シートを用いて構成され、該変動荷重検出用シート上に作用する変動荷重の垂直方向の大きさに応じて圧電フィルムに帯電された電荷量により発生する、変動荷重に比例した出力電圧を検出する変動荷重検出回路であって、
前記圧電フィルムの電極に並列に結線された付加静電容量、及び前記圧電フィルムの電極に直列に結線された付加抵抗を通して電圧検知装置と結線され、
前記圧電フィルムの静電容量C(F)と付加静電容量C5(F)、前記付加抵抗R1(Ω)、前記電圧検知装置の内部抵抗R2(Ω)が下記の関係を満たすように構成されてなる変動荷重検出回路。
R×(C+C5)>0.3、R=R1+R2
An electric charge formed on the piezoelectric film according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and charged on the piezoelectric film in accordance with a vertical size of the variable load acting on the variable load detection sheet. A variable load detection circuit that detects an output voltage proportional to the variable load generated by the quantity,
It is connected to the voltage detection device through an additional capacitance connected in parallel to the electrode of the piezoelectric film, and an additional resistance connected in series to the electrode of the piezoelectric film,
The capacitance C (F) and additional capacitance C 5 (F) of the piezoelectric film, the additional resistance R 1 (Ω), and the internal resistance R 2 (Ω) of the voltage detector satisfy the following relationship: A fluctuating load detection circuit configured as described above.
R × (C + C 5 )> 0.3, R = R 1 + R 2
JP2005165257A 2004-11-02 2005-06-06 Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit Pending JP2006153842A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2005165257A JP2006153842A (en) 2004-11-02 2005-06-06 Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2004318992 2004-11-02
JP2005165257A JP2006153842A (en) 2004-11-02 2005-06-06 Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2006153842A true JP2006153842A (en) 2006-06-15

Family

ID=36632303

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2005165257A Pending JP2006153842A (en) 2004-11-02 2005-06-06 Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2006153842A (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008076122A (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-04-03 Hiroshima Univ Angle and displacement sensor
JP2010186849A (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-26 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Electrostrictive polymeric material and method of producing the same, and electronic component
WO2011030412A1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2011-03-17 社団法人全日本検数協会 Device for detecting stress of container, and trailer with same
WO2018173429A1 (en) * 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 株式会社村田製作所 Grip detection sensor
CN112146795A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-29 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method of pressure sensor based on composite sponge porous structure

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61165438A (en) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-26 株式会社 小島製作所 Fixing jig to concrete molding frame of drain instrument
JPS61190160A (en) * 1985-02-18 1986-08-23 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Fuel oil supply system for low quality heavy oil engine
JPS62238417A (en) * 1986-04-09 1987-10-19 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Multifunctional matrix sensor
JPH0464827A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-02-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Heater device
JPH10325763A (en) * 1997-05-24 1998-12-08 Tomohiko Yara Pressurization sensor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61165438A (en) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-26 株式会社 小島製作所 Fixing jig to concrete molding frame of drain instrument
JPS61190160A (en) * 1985-02-18 1986-08-23 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd Fuel oil supply system for low quality heavy oil engine
JPS62238417A (en) * 1986-04-09 1987-10-19 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Multifunctional matrix sensor
JPH0464827A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-02-28 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Heater device
JPH10325763A (en) * 1997-05-24 1998-12-08 Tomohiko Yara Pressurization sensor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008076122A (en) * 2006-09-20 2008-04-03 Hiroshima Univ Angle and displacement sensor
JP2010186849A (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-26 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Electrostrictive polymeric material and method of producing the same, and electronic component
WO2011030412A1 (en) * 2009-09-09 2011-03-17 社団法人全日本検数協会 Device for detecting stress of container, and trailer with same
WO2018173429A1 (en) * 2017-03-24 2018-09-27 株式会社村田製作所 Grip detection sensor
JP6493647B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2019-04-03 株式会社村田製作所 Grip detection sensor
US11504498B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2022-11-22 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Grip detection sensor
CN112146795A (en) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-29 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Preparation method of pressure sensor based on composite sponge porous structure

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5099702A (en) Perimeter mounted polymeric piezoelectric transducer pad
JP2006153842A (en) Sheet for detecting fluctuating load, and fluctuating load detecting circuit
CN102308270B (en) Capacitive proximity tactile sensor
CN102692286B (en) Pick-up unit, electronic equipment and robot
WO2016009151A1 (en) System comprising a cellular network of capacitive pressure and shear-stress sensors and manufacturing process
CN104641326A (en) Elastomeric shear material providing haptic response control
KR102590814B1 (en) Layer sensor device and method of manufacturing same
Kimoto et al. A new multifunctional tactile sensor for detection of material hardness
JP2006340944A (en) Large deformation sensor, and seated person behavior detection sensor/monitor and game/exercising apparatus using the large deformation sensor
JP2006226858A (en) Fluctuation load sensor, and tactile sensor using the same
US20200225099A1 (en) A dual use strain sensor
JP2005003670A5 (en)
US10444887B2 (en) Force sensing
US10175125B1 (en) Planar sensor for sensing lateral displacement and shear
JP2009002740A (en) Pressure sensor
KR102492375B1 (en) Chair of sensing pressure
JP7087460B2 (en) Biometric information detection sensor
CN105866473A (en) Motor vibration acceleration measurement method and apparatus thereof
JPH07140025A (en) Tactile sensor
EP3865839A1 (en) Sensor device
JP7093922B2 (en) Biometric information detector
JP2006133932A5 (en)
Wang et al. New sensing technology and new applications in geotechnical engineering
FI129204B (en) Sensor Device
KR20140116320A (en) Muscular power measuring unit, Measurement method thereof and the Lower part of the body exercise apparatus using same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20080528

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20100602

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Effective date: 20100615

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

A521 Written amendment

Effective date: 20100806

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Effective date: 20101221

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

A521 Written amendment

Effective date: 20110217

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

A02 Decision of refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02

Effective date: 20111102